NOTICES OF VARIOUS ROMAN COINS FOUND IN THE RED ABBEYSTEAD AND ADJOININ GVILLAGE FIELDEASE TH F TH TNEWSTEADO F O SEO T , ROXBURGHSHIRE. " Since bringing unde Societnotice e rth th Komaf e eo y th n remains founn di the vicinity of the village of Newstead, Roxburghshire, I have examined more particularly some, of the coins found there at various times, partly to endeavour to shew what proofs may be derived from them, as to the true period of the 1 " Since this paper was read, my attention has been called to the following passage in Sir Walter Scott's Border Antiquities, Introduction, vol. i., p. xiii. ' There is an altar in the Advocates' Library of Edinburgh, inscribed to the Divi Campestres, or Fairies. It was romantie founth n di c vicinit f Roxburgyo h Castle.' Precis s thia e s statement appearst i , will not probably be considered sufficient to invalidate the> above -deductions. I have since ha dlettea r fro mprofessionaa l frien Kelson di answen i , somo rt e inquiries i^bout this altar, in which he tells me that none of his Archooological friends ever heard of such a discovery as I allude to, near Roxburgh Castle, or anywhere in the neighbourhood. I have failed, as yet, in recovering any notice of it in the Minutes of the Faculty of Advocates, or of the Royal Society, in one or other of which it is probable that the precise locality may be recorded." C VOL . PARI . . TI 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF

Roman occupation of this district; though the discovery of coins of an early meano n y dat b ssura s ei e evidenc e ancienth f o e t e ruinorigith f sno among which they may be found, as they would undoubtedly remain in circulation, long afte e Emperodeate th th r f ho r whose image the e presency th bear d f an ;o e coins, of a comparatively recent date, scattered over the site of a station, affords an undoubted proof of the later period of the hidden hoard, or the more recent occupation of the ruined town. Still the greater abundance and good preserva- tion of the earlier coins, would incline me to believe that the principal occupa- tion of the station had been at an early period. " Of the coins found in this district, two seem to be Consular Denarii, which, from long use, have been almost obliterated therefore ar d ,an e of uncertain nexdatee strae Th tar .y coins Denariu,a Marcusf so Antonius, poon i r preser- vation, ANT AV. Gi. . n c VIPrsetoria. . ER. p . n Gallery. R. LEG..., Legionary eagle between two standards. A well-worn Second Brass of the Emperor , B.C. 29 to A.D. 14, and an of , bringing us down to the date of his death, in A.D. 68 ; these of course belong to the times of the earliest invasio Soutf no h Britain havd ,an e undoubtedly been brought norta t ha much late have r w period ed nexAn nearl.a t y regular successio coinf no s from , succeedeo wh d Nero A.D, dow69 . Antoniuso nt Pius, Aurelius,d an who died A.D. 180. Of these may be mentioned: Two Denarii of Vespasian, one in good preservation : Ob. Laureated head of Emperor to right. IMP . CAES . VESP . AVG .P.M. cos . mi. R. Winged Victory standing to right, crowning a trophy. VICTORIA . AVGVST. A second found in the railway cutting in 1846: R. Robed figure sittin fielde lefto th gt thira ,n i , TRd d POT. I An Brass. n i , poor preservation, found at the same time. " Aureusn A . goon i , d preservation Abbeyd Re , ploughee -th n i p du stea obligingl d n 1792di an , y communicate . PlummerC y b e m , f Esq.o o dt , Sunderland Hall, Selkirkshire, in whose possession it now is: Ob. T. . VESPASIANVS. Laureated head of Emperor to right. B-. (Abundance) seated to left, right hand raised holding a chaplet. ANNONA . AVO. " . A . Laureated head of Emperor to right, CAESAR . DIVI . F . DOMITIANVS . cos . vii. R. Altar with fire, the fillets hanging down on each side. PRINCEF SIVVENTVTIS. . " . An Aureus, Denarius, and Second Brass. Denarius: IMP . CAES . . TRAIAN . AVO . GERM. Laureated head of Trajan to right. 33*. p. M . . p Robe . ii. s .p dco . figurp T R. e seate lefto dt . '' . Seven Denarii and one Second Brass, in pretty good preservation. 1. Ob. HADRIANVS . AVG . cos . in . P . P. Laureated head to right, ft. TELLVS (STABIL). Female figure standing to left, in her left hand a cornucopia, and ANTIQUARIES OF . 35

behin d chila . CAESA P d IM standing . B. TBAIA Ob . . 2 NHADBIANV . . SAVG . Laureated hea Emperof dmo . s . co right. Wingeo t r. p T K. .M d. IJ,P . Victory standin righo gt t wit . CAESAtrophyha Ob . R. HADKIANV3 . S. AVG . Laureated head of Hadrian to right. Q. ? . M . TB . p . cos . in., female figure seated to left. In exergue, CONCOKD. Eailway cutting 1847. 4. Ob. IMP . CAESAB . TEAIAN . (HADKIANVS . AVG.) Draped bust of Hadrian with laureated head to right. ]J,. p . M . TB . p . (cos . in), female standing to left, holding in right han dpatera a abov hastlefr altare n ea th the an , i pura exerguen I . , CLEM. 1847- Second Brass . HADMANVOb , S. AVGVSTVS . Laureated hea Emperof do r to right .galleyin. A s .Bexergue n -co I .. c e Sinc . dat th e s ,f eth eo communication, a Denarius of Hadrian, in good preservation, was found in July 1852 in the Well Meadow, Newstead. Ob. Laureated head to right. HADKI- . ANVBP . -i. n. fS. s AVFortun co G. e standin left go right n i , t han paterada , a cornucopia supported by the left arm. FOKTVNA . AVG. followine "Th g Denarii have also recently been turne :—p du " HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS. Laureated head to right. B- cos . in. A soldier standing to right, holding a spear in right hand, and parazonium on left, and resting his left foot on a helmet. Laureated head of Hadrian to right.. . HADKIA ...... B • • • • • Roma seate lefto dt , holdintime th f Vespasia eo n i gVictorya s wa t nI .tha t Agricola arrive Britainn di towardd an , successos reige close hi th th sf f no eo r Titus, about A.D , tha firs80 e . th t advanced int e lowlanoth d district f Scoto s - land afted an , r varied succesTvoro t t foro t tlins se s m hi e efforts betweee nth streams of the Forth and Clyde, as the defensive boundary of his attempted recalles conqueste nexth wa ty e db EmperorH . , Domitian, a Denariu f o s who bees mha n foun believes di t herei d dan ; that unde shore th r t e reigth f no aged Nerva s successo thahi d f an ,o t r Trajan, tumult ward an ss wer f cono e - stant occurrence. Then follows Hadrian, who, as well as the previous Em- peror, is represented by several coins. The coins of Hadrian, indeed, seem to have been more frequently found than those of any other Emperor ; though, visis o nhi Britaino t proclaimee h , slighs dhi t hold ove countrr ou r cuttiny yb g off Scotland by his vallum, from the more settled south, I have next to notice a gold coin in very fine preservation, figured here ,Empero e ofth r Pius,e th adopted son of Hadrian, who reigned from A.Do t A.D.8 161 als13 .d Denariuoan ;a s of Faustina the Elder, Queens hi . Aureus : . ANTONINVOb . SAV ». . PPIV .P . T S. K P . xv. Laureated head of Emperor to left. B- cos . nn. The Emperor, to- gate, standing to left, right arm extended holding a globe, a short baton in C2 6 3 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F P SO Y O

left hand. Denariu Faustinaf so . DIVOb A. FAVSTINA. . Hea Faustinf do o at right. I*. CONSECRATIO. Peacock walkin rightgo t . Both were foun 1793n di . Under the rule of. Antoninus Pius, Lollius Urbicus was appointed legate in Britain: he resumed possession, of the south of Scotland, and apparently obliged to be content with what he had regained,.connected the old forts of Agricola by strons hi g valhm acros isthmue th s s between .the Fort Clyded han . Under his command the possessions south of this wall seem .to have been completely maintained, and to this period, from the regular succession of the coins, their greater number, and their good state of preservation, &c., I am inclined to ascribe the principal occupation of this station i although its origin was probably vere evemuca th f ynf o ho earlies oldert no f ti , date, fro s beinmit g directly on the great northern road, and at such a short distance, comparatively speaking, fro more mth e settled district f Albiono s e succeedinTh . g Emperor, Marcus Aureliws, however, appears to have had to renew the contest with the Caledo- nians. I have not seen a coin of this Emperor found here, but his name is give shora n i t lis coinf to s mentione Milne y Descriptios db hi n i , Melrosf no e Parish, published in 1743, as found in the district, and coins of all the other Emperors mentioned by him. (viz., Vespasian, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, , and Constantine; with the exception of the last, all belonging to the earlier period of the Roman occupation), have been more re- cently foun n thesi d e very fieldss reigHi .n extended fro mo A.Dt A.D1 . 16 . 180. After this there occurs a blank in the catalogue of coins of between 80 and 90 years, including the'reigns of several Emperors, and among these of Severus penetrateo wh , nortr dfa h into Caledoni finaa attempn a t ln pu ai o t t termination to the resistance of the northern tribes ; but after a longer or shorter occupation, conclude y withdrawinb d. e southth d fixe o e gt an Roma, th d n boundary on the old line of Hadrian's Wall, dying at York, as is believed, in A.D . soute 211 Th Scotlanf ho . d after this time seem havo st e continued, more or less in open revolt; and it is not till the reign of , A.D. 265 to A.D. believes i 267o wh ,hav o dt e bee Britainn i , tha lise th t recommencese w d an , agaie ar stragglinnw carriefe a y db g coins throug varyine hth g scene peacf so e and war, to a considerably later date. We have next a stray coin of , A.Do t A.D6 . 313ruleo 28 . e easter,wh dth n province Empiree th f o ss col hi , - league Maximianus Herculius reignin weste th .n g i f Carausius,o The e non a native of Belgic Gaul, who, during the reign of the Emperors just mentioned, revolted, and, sailin Britainr gfo , rule defiancn di powee th f f Romeeo ro d an , t s slailasa wa tn s "bministeyhi r AUectus, A.D. 293 n A.DDiocletiaI 2 . 29 , n adopted Maximianus, finalld an y abdicatin e empirgth e nominated him his successor A.D. 305. His rule is also represented here by one coin. AHTIQUARIE7 3 SCOTLANDP SO .

Maximianus Herculius about the same time followed the example of his col- league appointed an , d Constantius Chloru s placefilo st hi l , under whose reign Britai retakes nwa n fro e usurpemth r AUectus. Constantius himself visited this island, and after repulsing the attacks of the untiring men of the north, now called Picts, died at York in the year 306, having declared his son Con- stantine,-Caesar, afterwards Constantine e Great.th Severa coins hi f s lo hav e been turned up in this district; and no Roman coins of a later date, as far as I have been able to learn, have been found in the neighbourhood. " It was not, however, till A.D. 364, or 27 years after Constantine's death, that Valentinian became Emperor unded reign,an s latte e rhi th n r,i par tfourt e ofth h century, that the south of Scotland was again added to , the dis- tinctive appellation of Valentia, in honour of the Emperor, being finally given to it; and it is to this period that some antiquaries are inclined to date the origin of many of our Roman remains, traces of which are still to be found. I need hardly say, that as far as these remains near Newstead are concerned, I differ frofriendy mm , Dr Wilson ' Prehistoric ,s whohi n i , Annals f Scot-o land,' refers to them as probably belonging to this later period. I consider this nearly consecutive list of the earlier coins an additional argument in fa- previously voum f o r y stated opinio theif no r much more ancient origin. " It wa tilt slno twenty years afte beginnine th r fifte th hf go century , thaa t Roman Legiolase th sees t r timnwa fo Scotlandn ei , attemptin e sworth y gdb to restore their dominion over the country ; and, as the troubles of the Empire continued to increase, Valentia was finally abandoned to its native population, the Roman forces being withdrawn, and the colonists recommended to remove to the more thoroughly conquered province to the south of the well-inown ram- parts of Hadrian and Severus's Wall. thesf "O e later coin followine noted se th bes n b i y s ta ,preservatio gma n :— " "VicToniNus ThirA . d Brass. Radiated head of Empero righto rt . . IMc P. VICTORINV . AVG F . . r S. R- . Peace standin lefto gt , holdin r flowea he p gu n i r right hand, a spear transversely in left. PAX . AVG. In field, v*x. " CARATISIUS. Third Brass IM. Pc. Ob . CABAVSIV AVG. P S. . Radiated head of Empero righto rt . &. PAX . AVG . Female figur Peacf eo e standin lefto gt . exerguen I . fieldn p I . . c , s , " GALERIUS MAXIMIANUS. Second Brass. Laureated hea f Emperodo o t r right. MAXIMIANV SNOBI. . c R- L. . Male figure standin lefto gt , holdin gpatera a in right hand, and a cornucopia in left. GENIO . POPVLI . ROMAN:. In field, s. F. exerguen I , ATB. " CONSTANTINUS MAXTMUS . Thir1 . d Brass. Laureated hea Emperof do o rt right. IMP . CONSTANTINVS . AVG. R. Male figure of sun, with radiated head, 8 3 PROCEEDING SSOCIETE OFTH P YO

standin lefto s gright hi , t hand raised holdind lefs . an , hi a glohet w n gi so . INVJOTO . COMITI. In field, s. P. In exergue, PLC. " 2. Third Brass. IMP . CONSTANTINVS . p . i- ; AVQ. &. same as above, except in field, T . r. and in exergue, PLN. "3. Third Brass. Bus Emperof o t righto rt , with laureated head ,righ s inhi t hand a sceptre, surmounted by an eagle. CONSTANTINVS . AV«. &. BEATA . TRANQVILUTAS. A globe and three stars above a cippus, on which: VOTIS . xx. In exergue, SIR. and a crescent. " 4. Third Brass. Laureated head of Emperor to right. CONSTANTINVS . AVG . R. D . N . CONSTANTINI . MAX . AVQ. Within a wreath: VOT . xx. In exergue, FSIS. and a star.