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University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks

Summer Undergraduate Research Program 2019 Summer Undergraduate Research (SURP) Program (SURP)

Aug 2nd, 11:30 AM - 1:30 PM

The and the Globalization of Nuclear Weapons

Cole Schreiber University of Northern Iowa

Paul Shand University of Northern Iowa

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Copyright ©2019 Cole Schreiber and Paul Shand Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/surp

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Recommended Citation Schreiber, Cole and Shand, Paul, "The Manhattan Project and the Globalization of Nuclear Weapons" (2019). Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP). 34. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/surp/2019/all/34

This Open Access Poster Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP) by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Manhattan Project and the Globalization of Nuclear Weapons Cole Schreiber, P. M. Shand Department of , University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614

Discovery of Fission PhysicsResults of the and Nuclear Proliferation • discovered the Fission Bombs • After WWII other nations started to in 1932 by bombarding develop nuclear weapons. • Initiators used for “Little Boy” and “Fat • The Fat Man bomb core weighed in with alpha particles. • Nuclear weapons became more Man” bombs. at about 6.3 kg and the Little Boy at • In 1934, bombarded destructive with the invention of the • 239 has high spontaneous about 60 kg. with and he thought bomb that utilizes rate. • The Fat Man used an implosion he discovered Transuranic elements. fusion. • Initiator comprised of beryllium and method and the Little Boy used a • and Fritz Strassman also • Great Britain developed its first atomic polonium separated by a foil. gun type method to achieve bombarded uranium with neutrons in weapon in 1952, Russia in 1949, and • When crushed, alpha particles are supercriticality. 1938 and discovered barium in the other countries followed suit in the emitted and thus neutrons are • The Fat Man bomb was dropped on decay products. following years. released. and the Little Boy bomb • and Otto Frisch correctly • The limited test ban in 1963 restricted was dropped on . explained Hahn’s experiment in terms areas where tests could be conducted. • President Truman had a difficult time of splitting of the nucleus. • The Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) weighing the option to use the that wasConclusions signed in 1968 states that bombs against Japan. nuclear weapons will not be spread to • President Truman decided to use the Manhattan Project other countries who do not have them. bomb to save American lives and • If there is noncompliance with the • and sent a avoid another D-Day. letter to President Roosevelt stating NPT, not much is being done save for that Germany could weaponize sanctions. fission. • North Korea has developed nuclear • President Roosevelt signed off on the weapons even with punishing project and started to mobilize and sanctions. coordinate efforts with various companies, renowned scientists, and

https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/anniversary-hiroshima- the military to build a . nagasaki-atomic-bomb-world-war-ii/19/ • Project sites were stationed across the country working on various aspects of the bomb. • Many processes were involved, from enriching uranium to determining the detonation time of the bomb. • The first nuclear test, called the Test, took place in the deserts of New

Mexico. https://allthatsinteresting.com/little-boy https://www.sciencealert.com/what-are-the-actual-differences- https://www.atomicheritage.org/history/debate-over-bomb- between-a-hydrogen-and-an-atomic-bomb annotated-bibliography

Funded by Physics Department, Physics Student Research & Awards Fund and Dr. Gerald Intemann Undergraduate Research Fund