Chapter: 1. Introduction

Home , Alirajpur, Alirajpur district, Indore State, Jhabua, Jhabua district, Meghnagar

A mineral wise District Survey Report (DSR) of Jhabua district for sand mining and mining for other minor minerals has been prepared as mentioned in the Gazette of India (Extraordinary) published in the Para 7 (ii) annexure 10 of the notification, dated 15 January 2016, released by the Ministry of Climate Change, Forest and Environment, Govt. of India.

Jhabua is a predominantly tribal district located in the western part of Madhya Pradesh. It is surrounded by south western part of Panchmahal and Baroda District of Gujarat, Banswara district of Rajasthan, and Alirajpur, Dhar and Ratlam districts of Madhya Pradesh. The Bhil and Bhilala peoples inhabit the interior of the district. The Bhil tribe is one of the most important and the third largest tribe of India. The name has been derived from Dravidian word “Bil or Vil” meaning bow because they always keep bow & arrow for hunting. It has extends from North latitudes 210 55' 23‖ to 230 17' 18‖ and between the East longitudes 740 01' 52‖ and 750 00' 52‖ and cover by the parts of Survey of India degree sheet no. 46 I, 46 J and 46 K.

The Jhabua district occupies 45th rank in the state in terms of area having 3388 km2 which is 1.16 percent of the total area of Madhya Pradesh.

1.1 Objective of District Survey Report

The District Survey Report has been formed on the basis for application of environmental clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects.

 The District Survey Report (DSR) has been prepared for each minor mineral in the district separately.  DSR is drafted and placed in the public domain by keeping its copy in Collectorate and posting it on district’s website for twenty one days.  The comments received shall be considered and if found fit, shall be incorporated in the final Report to be finalised within six months by the DEIAA.  The Report shall be updated once every five years.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 1 Sustainable Sand Mining Guideline is to ensure the following: 1. Identified areas of aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed. 2. Identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures. 3. Installations where mining should be prohibited and 4. Calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for Sand replenishment after mining in that area.

1.2 Connectivity of District

Jhabua is well connected through national highway (NH-47) from Ahmadabad and Indore, which passes in the central and east west part of district. Two state highways pass through Jhabua district - (1) SH-18 and (2) SH-39. Connectivity through different modes of transportation is given below:-

1.2.1 Bus Service

Regular bus service is available to Jhabua from other major cities of the State.

1.2.2 Railway

Jhabua does not have any Railway station. Nearest station is Meghnagar.

City Nearest Railway Station Distance Jhabua Meghnagar (MGN), Meghnagar, Madhya Pradesh 16 km away Jhabua Thandla Road (THDR), Thandla Rd, Madhya 22 m away Pradesh

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 2

Map No. 1 Base map of Jhabua

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 3

1.3 Flora and Fauna

1.3.1 Flora

There are a number of medicinal plants that can be utilised for curing physical ailments and diseases through the Indian System of Medicine (ISM). There are several levels of health traditions in the indigenous health system of the adivasi communities in India,

In Jhabua district Bhil and Bhilala primarily depend upon medicinal plants of their surrounding for treatment of their ailments. Living close to nature these tribal communities have acquired unique knowledge about the uses of wild flora and fauna. These communities have selected useful and harmful members of the surrounding vegetation. The tribal Medicine- Men of Jhabua, called Barwas in Bhilli language, enormously knowledgeable about the economically useful plant, know about the major sites where such plants can be found, the collection methods, time of collection as also methods of preservation for use during off season. Barwas gives traditional treatment with medicinal herbs for a wide variety of ecological diseases and ailments ranging from Rheumatism, Paralysis, Epilepsy, Leprosy, Jaundice, Diabetes and Malaria to Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Chronic constipation, Dysentery and Diarrhoea. They also treat various skin diseases, women's diseases and bone ailments. And above all, one interesting thing is that they claim to use some kind of a 'herbal oral contraceptive' for the females to regulate their fertility

The plants, which are commonly used by Bhil adivasi community for preparation of herbal drugs frequently, grow in their own geographical area. Some important medicinal plants used by them are: Sarpgandha (Rawolfia serpentina) Sanjiwani (Selaginella bryopteris) Sanai (Cassia angustifolia) Amaltas.(Cassia fistula) Asvagandha (Withania somnifera) Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) Satavari (Aspargus racemosus) Bahera (Terminalia bellerica) Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) Kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa)

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 4 Mulethee (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Dhak (Butea monosperma) Brahami Buti (Centella asiatica) Castor (Ricinus communis) Shankpushpi (Evolvulus alsinoides) Lajwanti (Mimosa pudica) Barahmi (Bacopa monniera) Poppy (Papaver somniferum)

Table 1: Ethno medicinal uses of plants used by the tribes of Jhabua

Plants Local Name Uses Atylosis scorbeoids (L.) Treatment of diarrhoea in cattle Kulthi Benth: (Papilionaceae) Alangium salvifolium The poultice of leaves is applied on Linn: (Alangiaceae) joints to relieve he rheumatic pain. Ankol The powder of root bark is given with milk for the treatment of fever Abrus precatories Linn: Seeds to treat diabetes, ingredients (Fabaceae) to treat leucoderma, scratches & Jurug wound caused by dogs, cats and mice. Acacia catechu (Linn.f.) The bark of the tree is used in Khair Willd: (Mimosaceae) chronic diarrhoea Aristolochiyabracteolate Root powder is given for (Lam) Kidamar abortification & leaves powder is (Aristolochiaceae) given in snake bite. Asparagus racemosus Root powder is used to increase Satavar Willd: (Liliaceae) vigour, strength and lactation .Barleria prionits Linn : Twinge powder is used for (Acanthaceae) toothache. The leaves are used to promote healing of wounds and to Vajradanti relieve joint pain. A mouthwash made by tribal people from root tissue and it is used to treat bleeding gums Bauchinia variegata Bark is used in skin disease.pod is Kachnar Linn: (Caesalpiniaceae) used in diarrhoea Bryonia laciniosa Linn: Seeds are used to cure sterility in Shivlingi (Cucubitaceae) women Balanites aegyptiaca(L.) Rip fruit pulp is mixed in cow’s Delile: (Balanitaceae) Hingot milk and given it twice in a day to children suffering from pneumonia. Celastrus paniculata Uses: the seed oil is used for Malkangni willd: (Celastraceae) massage on joints of body to relieve

rheumatic pain. Cissus quadrangularis Stem paste is used to joint bone Harjori Linn:(Vitaceae) fracture, obesity and associated

oxidative stress and juice is given

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 5 Plants Local Name Uses in asthma. Clitoria ternatea The root of the plant is used to Aprajita Linn:(Fabaceae) remove stone in Gall bladder Cocculus hirsutus :( L.) Root extract is given to cure Bachaniyo Diels: (Menispermaceae leucorrhoea & fruit is used for dye Curcuma aromatic The rhizome is used in common Jangli haldi salisb: (Zinziberaceae) cold and digestion Chlorophytum The roots of the plant are used for arundinaceum Barke: general weakness, as tonic and Safed musli (Liliaceae) aphrodisiac. tender leaves are used as vegetable by the tribal’s Drimiaindica (Roxb.) Leaves are used to vegetable and Jangli Jesop: (Liliaceae) leaves paste is applied on skin in Kando sun stoke Eclipta alba Linn: Applied with oil to reduce greying of Bhringraj (Asteraceae) hair and hairless Gymnoma olyvestre The powder of dried leaves is given Retz : (Asclepiadaceae) Gurmar with water for the treatment of diabetes. Helicteres isora Linn: The powder of fruit is given with (Sterculiaceae) water and salt for the treatment of Marodphali digestive disorder. The powder of root is used for diabetes and skin diseases. Holarrhena Bark extract is given in diarrhoea.& antidysenterica Wall: bark powder is given in the (Apocynaceae) treatment of piles and the bark Kurchi powder is given with cow milk for the treatment of urinary troubles & skin diseases. Mucuna pruriens (L.)DC Leaves juice is used for ulcers. The : (Leguminaceae) roots decoctionis used for the Kauch treatment of fevers, purifiers blood and asthma, cough and stone in the bladder. Nyctanthus arbortritis The paste of leaves is applied joints Linn:(Oleaceae) for the treatment of rheumatism Harsingar and the juice of leaves is given for sciatica. Pongamia pinnata The seed oil is applied on skin (Linn.) Pierre : Karanj eruptions and eczema. (Papilionaceae): Tinospora cardiofolia The juice of stem is taken orally as (Willd.) Miers ex Gurbel or tonic. After long illness, juice of the Hook.f.& Thorms: Giloe plant removes the weakness along (Menispermaceae) with side effects of antibiotic Drimiaindica (Roxb.) Jangli Leaves are used to vegetable and

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 6 Plants Local Name Uses Jesop: (Liliaceae) Kando leaves paste is applied on skin in sun stoke Eclipta alba Linn: Applied with oil to reduce greying Bhringraj (Asteraceae) of hair and hairless

1.3.1 Flora

The Jhabua district has mainly the forest area which allows biodiversity to survive easily. Therefore there are wide species of fauna is available like tigers, rabbit, Neelgai, panther and bears is to be found.

1.4 Topography

The terrain is hilly, undulating typically known as ―Jhabua hills topography‖. Most of the cultivated area is trapped between the hills forming the valleys. The area is well water divided and criss-crossed by a number of streams, rivers and rivulet.

1.5 Geomorphology

Geomorphic surface in the Jhabua terrain is form by Vindhyan hills and Malwa plateau. The terrain is hilly and undulating due to differential erosion of hard rock especially weathering of basalt. The general trends of the hills are in east-west direction. The erosional characteristic of plateau in the area of basaltic terrain are comprises dissected plateau, moderate dissected

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 7 plateau highly dissected plateau and relict dissected. Following geomorphic features and there hectare area are mentioned below in table. 2. Table No. 2: Geomorphology of Jhabua District

Geomorphic Surface Area in hundred hectare

Plateau 1358.79

Hills 1982.65 Semi Plain 1299.24 Pediment 8 Alluvial Plain 5.88 Reservoir 147

1.6 Drainage System

Jhabua district lies in the major basins, the Mahi in the north. The major tributaries have their confluence with the Mahi River forms northern and north-eastern boundary of the district (Map No. 2).

1.6.1 Mahi River

The word "Mahi" may have been derived from Mahi the daughter of the Earth. It may have derived its name alternatively from Mahi. It flows in the north-eastern and east-northern boundaries of the District in Petlawad tehsil. The Pampawati stream of Petlawad, combined with the Ladki, joins it near Bhairongarh Railway Station.

It has a length of 88 Km. Within the district limits and along with its left bank tributaries. The Anas drains 21% of the geographical area of the district. The tributaries of Anas River Like Mod, Sapan and Sunar, Negaria and Pat cover 38% of the geographical area of the district.

1.6.2 Anas River

The Anas River is a main tributary of the Mahi River. It rises from the southeastern part of Jhabua tehsil. The northern off shoot of the Vindhyachal range bifurcates at Phurtalao hill (Dhar Dist.) (1770 ft.) into the northern and western branches from where Anas river originate. It flows 37km towards north. It also flows 9 km towards west and 44 km north-west within

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 8 the District. Most of the later course lays in Gujarat. It turns to the west and joins the left bank of the Mahi River.

The Kali River and the Khan River flow mostly in the Panchmahal district of Gujrat but join the Anas in Jhabua, near Guwali village.

1.6.3 Kunda River

Kunda is a scared river at Devjhiri which is 6 km east of Jhabua on Dhar road. In his old age he prayed the mother goddess Narmada and created this Kunda which is believed to be equally sacred. A certain sadhu lived here who used to bath in the Narmada every day.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 9

Map No. 2 Drainage map of Jhabua

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 10 1.7 Rainfall

Climate is generally moderate and seasons are well defined. The summers are hot, winters are short and the monsoon season is generally pleasant. Most of the rainfall occurs during the monsoon season while there is also little rainfall in winter season. The normal annual rainfall of Jhabua district is 855.5 mm. Jhabua district receive maximum rainfall during southwest monsoon period i.e. June to November. About 92.8% of annual rainfall is received during monsoon season. Only 7.2% of annual rainfall takes place between Octobers to May period. The surplus water for ground water recharge is available only during the southwest monsoon period.

1.8 Temperature

The normal annual mean maximum temperature is 32.80 C and normal annual mean minimum temperature is 19.100 C. Jhabua District summer highest day temperature is in between 32 ° C to 44° C. The period from March to about middle of June is the hot summer season. May is the hottest month of the year. The temperature starts rising from the beginning of February and reaching maximum in the month of May. The individual day maximum temperature in May goes up to 39.50 C. The individual day minimum temperature is recorded 110 C in the month of January. The humidity comes down lowest in April. It varies between 41 % and 89 % at different during April and August. The wind velocity is high during the pre monsoon period as compared to post monsoon period. The wind velocity is highest in June around 15.9 km/hr and lowest is 3.2 km/hr in November. The average normal annual wind velocity of Jhabua district is 7.8 km/hr.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 11 Chapter: 2 Overview of Mining Activity

Mining activity in the area is mainly Sand, Gitti and Minor minerals – dolomite, asbestos and major mineral rock phosphate. Sand mining is a practice that is used to extract sand, mainly through an open pit In Jhabua district; the main source of sand is from in-river and streams mining. In- stream sand mining is a common practice because the mining locations are usually near the ―markets‖ or along the transportation route, hence reducing transportation costs Sand and gravel have long been used as aggregate for construction of roads and building. Today, the demand for these materials continues to rise. Excessive removal of sand may significantly distort the natural equilibrium of a stream channel. By removing sediment from the active channel bed, in-stream mines interrupt the continuity of sediment transport through the river system, disrupting the sediment mass balance in the river downstream.

Meghnagar Phosphorite Deposits Jhabua

The late Precambrian phosphorite deposits of the Aravalli Mountain belt occur as discontinuous outcrops within dolomitic limestone and silicified dolomite of the Aravalli Super group. They extend from Udaipur in the north to Jhabua in the south. Phosphorite concentrated in algal stromatolitic columns constitutes the bulk of the deposit. Petrological, geochemical, and mineralogical studies of the phosphorite around Khatama, Kelkua, and Amlamal in the Jhabua district have been studied. Phosphorite of Khutmba and Gwali is microsphorite, rich in silt-sized detritus and pelitic disseminations. In Kelkua, microsphorite layers alternate with chalcedony layers and comprise micrite matrix with some detrital quartz. On the basis of nature of occurrence, and geochemical and petrological characterizations, three important classes of phosphorite have been distinguished. These are (1) stromatolitic-carbonate bio stromal phosphorite,

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 12 (2) massively bedded phosphorite, and (3) fragmental-brecciated phosphorite.

Each class is characterized by distinct ranges of P2O5, CaO, MgO, R2O3

(Fe2O3 and Al2O3), and SiO2 contents. Based on available data it has been postulated that these Aravallian phosphorite formed in protected shallow tidal to intertidal waters. While some stromatolitic assemblages have been recognized as ubiquitous, some deposits display specific and restricted algal forms. Geochemical studies and paleo geographic postulations indicate that the water chemistry in various paleo depressions, where phosphorite accumulated, varied marginally from place to place and supported a primary algal-induced biochemical origin for the micros phorites in these paleo basins. The possibility of phosphorite formation through the transformation of hypo Phosphates’ has been suggested as an alternate mechanism to explain the origin of at least some phosphorite of this area.

There are 5 Rock phosphate mineral industries and 2 dolomite mining and remaining 12 mining are gitti and stone chips mining. Table 3: Mineral Industries in the Jhabua District S. No. Name of Unit Name of Place Name of Product 1 M/S Gromor Interprises Meghanagar Rock Phosphate 2 Bhabor Stone Crusher Khajuri,Thandla Gitti 3 Pavar Stone Crusher Aambakur,Ranapur Gitti 4 Sherani Stone Crusher Navapada,Megnagar Gitti 5 Netesh Stone Crusher Semalpada Gitti 6 Krishna Fascchem pvt. Meghnagar Beneficiation Rock p 7 TirupatiStone Crusher Chapari Stone Chips 8 Madhya Bhart Phosphate Meghnagar Singal super Phos. pvt.Ltd Unit2 9 Moni Enterprisez Meghnagar Rock Phosphate 10 HR Ferrow Meghnagar Manganese

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 13 Chapter 3: Mining Leases

The mining lease in Jhabua area has been given for sand, stone, gitti and manganese, rock phosphate and dolomite. The sanction mining lease in the area is 60. Predominately lease of Stone Gitti is 51 and major mineral lease are 8 (dolomitic limestone-2, manganese-3 and rock phosphate-3). The details of sanctioned lease for above mentioned minerals have been shown in the map no. 3 and are given in table no. 4.

3.1 Details of Mining in the District

Table No. 4: Quarry Lease of Stone & Gitti Jhabua

S. Holder Village Address Survey No. Area Period GPS Co-Ordinates No Name 1 Manoharl Pipaldehla 60 107 1.20 17-12- 22046'34.11" 74039'15.50" al S/O Laxmibai 07 To 22046'34.91" 74039'19.29" Santilal Marg Dist 16-12- 22046'36.16" 74039'18.84" Bhandari Jhabua 17 22046'36.80" 74039'15.98" 2 Manoharl Pipaldehla 60 103 0,60 06-06- 22046'35.43" 74039'24.57" al S/O Laxmibai 08 To 22046'35.72" 74039'27.64" Santilal Marg Dist 05-06- 22046'37.32" 74059'27.59" Bhandari Jhabua 18 22046'37.05" 74039'24.44" Manoharl 60 605, 606, 24-07- 24047'10.19" 74039'03.28" al S/O Devjhiri Laxmibai 613 To 11 To 24047'08.91" 74039'09.31" 3 3.95 Santilal Panda Marg Dist 618,620,62 23-07- 24047'16.53" 74039'03.45" Bhandari Jhabua 2, 21 24047'13.02" 74039'02.96" 4 Rajkuma Pipaldehla Jagmohan 103 0.90 12-08- 22046'31.93" 74039'20.55" r S/O Das Marg 09 To 22046'33.41" 74039'23.74" Sagarmal Jhabua 11-08- 22046'36.33" 74039'23.10" Jain 19 22046'36.04" 74039'20.05" 5 Vinayak Piliya Nehru 822/3 1.45 23-04- 22044'44.11" 74039'49.14" Intarprize Marg 10 To 22044'47.76" 74039'52.39" s Jhabua 22-04- 22044'45.98" 74039'54.57" 20 22044'42.46" 74039'51.32" 6 Yogendra Khardu Vill. Para 8, 10, 40 1.90 19-10- 22042'29.88" 74038'18.97" Goar Badi Teh. & 09 To 22042'26.69" 74038'23.53" Dist. 18-10- 22042'26.78" 74038'21.48" Jhabua 19 22042'25.71" 74038'20.68" 22042'24.73" 74038'22.53" 22042'22.44" 74038'17.55" 22042'28.62" 74038'15.80" 7 Sumersin Chhapri Vill. 327, 328, 0.54 29-09- 22046'34.54" 74039'51.97" gh Ajnar Chhapri 333 11 To 22046'36.95" 74039'59.74" Teh. & 28-09- 22046'37.15" 74039'55.98" Dist. 21 22046'35.11" 74039'51.84" Jhabua

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 14 S. Holder Village Address Survey No. Area Period GPS Co-Ordinates No Name 8 Sumersin Chhapri Vill. 324/6, 1.00 15-07- 22046'35.45" 74039'53.42" gh Ajnar Chhapri 334/2 11 To 22046'36.03" 74039'56.05" Teh. & 14-07- 22046'36.79" 74039'55.89" Dist. 21 22046'36.77" 74039'53.09" Jhabua 22046'36.32" 74039'59.92" 22046'36.89" 74040'01.66" 22046'37.38" 74040'01.49" 22046'36.79" 74039'59.75" 9 Sumersin Pipaldehla Vill. 212 To215, 3.08 22-09- 22046'15.88" 74039'49.65" gh Ajnar Chhapri 266 To 14 To 22046'16.04" 74039'53.69" Teh. & 268, 270, 21-09- 22046'25.48" 74039'54.29" Dist. 293, To 24 22046'25.80" 74039'49.95" Jhabua 295, 96/2, 300, 301 10 Raghuna Jhakela Laxmi 851 1.00 27-01- 22042'56.89" 74040'30.08" ndan Nagar Dist 11 To 22042'55.43" 74040'32.62" Sing Jhabua 26-01- 22042'54.98" 74040'35.35" Bhadoriy 21 22042'57.93" 74040'34.54" a 11 Sanjay Pipaldehla Vill. & 83, 84/1, 2.00 23-07- 22046'40.64" 74039'06.64" Kumar Teh. 103 11 To 22046'40.92" 74039'10.51" Gupta Meghnaga 22-07- 22046'34.24" 74039'12.08" r Dist. 21 22046'36.48" 74039'05.80" Jhabua 22046'38.82" 74039'07.24" 12 Ravi Pipaldehla Gopal 107 0.80 29-05- 22046'36.76" 74039'29.54" Mistri Colony 08 To 22046'41.30" 74039'22.04" Dist. 22-05- 22046'39.76" 74039'21.01" Jhabua 18 22046'35.87" 74039'19.89" 88277712 22046'35.79" 74039'24.86" 34 22046'34.51" 74039'26.58" 13 Hemendr Futiya Bohra 554 2.00 12-04- 22048'39.12" 74037'46.43" a Babel Masjid Ke 10 To 22048'37.76" 74037'47.49" Samne 11-04- 22048'31.12" 74037'45.63" Chandras 20 22048'31.92" 74037'39.82" hekhar 22048'38.00" 74037'43.97" Ajad Marg Jhabua 94068721 73 14 Sushil Devjhiri 09, 581,586,58 1.80 01-07- 22047'14.81" 74038'59.27" Sharma Panda Sidheshw 7/1,2,3, 10 To 22047'15.75" 74038'58.00" ar Colony 588/1,2 30-06- 22047'20.12" 74038'57.39" Jhabua 590 20 22047'20.09" 74039'01.85" 22047'18.36" 74039'02.47" 15 Nilesh Para Vill. Para 133,134,13 1.10 06-11- 22039'43.58" 74039'44.16" Katara Teh. & 5,136,137 09 To 22039'44.06" 74039'44.93" Dist. 05-11- 22039'44.59" 74039'49.49" Jhabua 19 22039'41.30" 74039'47.85" 22039'41.30" 74039'44.80" 16 Nagin Sajvani 48,00 2.00 23-04- Bhura Chhoi 09 To Meda 22-4- 19 17 Aditya Sajvani Bori 339/2 2.00 10-07- 22041'29.99" 74035'42.74" Singh Chhoi House 14 To 22041'32.51" 74035'44.37"

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 15 S. Holder Village Address Survey No. Area Period GPS Co-Ordinates No Name Thakur Jhabua 09-07- 22041'30.57" 74035'46.72" 24 22041'30.74" 74035'47.37" 22041'23.34" 74035'47.16" 22041'23.15" 74035'43.20" 18 Lata Bhimfaliya Khachcha 38,00 2.00 03-08- 22047'24.29" 74026'49.01" Meravat rtodi 10 To 22047'24.05" 74026'51.59" 02-08- 22047'26.39" 74026'53.84" 20 22047'29.78" 74026'52.60" 19 Krushna Devjhiri Radha 502,505 0.95 07-06- 22047'20.12" 74038'57.93" Stone Panda Krushna 11 To 22047'15.75" 74038'58.00" Kreshar Marg 06-06- 22047'14.81" 74038'59.27" Jhabua 21 22047'18.36" 74039'02.47" 22047'20.09" 74039'01.85" 20 Dinesh Pipaldehla Gopal 119,00 2.00 14-11- 22046'24.08" 74039'34.25" Bhamniy Colony 14 To 22046'22.68" 74039'37.89" a Jhabua 13-11- 22046'27.02" 74039'39.90" 24 22046'28.06" 74039'35.00" 21 Rahul Khedi Kalyanpur 558,00 1.17 08-12- S/O a 10 To Kanakma 07-12- l Jain 20 22 Raj Khedi Kalyanpur 22051'52.39" 74033'39.62" Kumar a 22051'52.94" 74037'43.51" Solanki 22051'54.41" 74037'42.00" 22051'53.96" 74037'39.12" Meghnagar

23 Sherani Navapada Navapada 193 1.5 09-11-10 22055'52.64" 74036'34.14" Stone Meghnaga To 08- 22055'51.53" 74036'36.49" Kreshar r 11-20 22055'47.62" 74036'36.32" Abdul 22055'50.22" 74036'32.06" Samad Sherani 24 Alkesh Navapada Ram 126 1.00 20-06-10 22055'46.75" 74036'14.61" Bakliya Krashn To 19- 22055'44.20" 74036'19.10" Nagar 06-20 22055'41.30" 74036'14.80" Jhabua 22055'45.09" 74036'14.12" 25 Alkesh Navapada Ram 137/1,13 1.25 16-07-10 22055'61.80" 74036'17.10" Bakliya Krashn 7/2 To 15- 22055'52.00" 74036'21.30" Nagar 07-20 22055'50.50" 74036'23.40" Jhabua 22055'47.00" 74036'20.80" 22055'50.20" 74036'17.50" 26 Babusing Navapada Navapada 193 1.50 28-06-08 22055'44.62" 74036'27.15" h Katara Meghnaga To 27- 22055'47.36" 74036'23.94" r 06-18 22055'51.67" 74036'28.39" 27 Rekha Navapada Khachcha 194/1 1.40 01-07-15 22055'46.15" 74036'24.71" Meravat rtodi To 30- 22055'45.63" 74036'25.32" Jhabua 06-25 22055'41.93" 74036'24.10" 22055'41.32" 74036'19.77" 22055'38.52" 74036'19.86" 22055'37.72" 74036'18.07" 22055'39.27" 74036'17.04" 28 Nitesh Mahuda 67, Ajad 366 2.5 06-07-09 22059'57.80" 74037'42.70" Kumar Marg To 05- 22059'58.60" 74037'44.10" Porwal Thandla 07-19 22000'00.60" 74037'46.40"

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 16 S. Holder Village Address Survey No. Area Period GPS Co-Ordinates No Name 22000'00.50" 74037'42.70" Thandla

29 Manjula Khajuri Khajuri 210 1.00 09-11- 23002'29.89" 74034'17.62" Bhabhar Teh. & 10 To 23002'28.98" 74034'20.15" Dist. 08-11- 23002'27.06" 74034'19.80" Jhabua 20 23002'27.41" 74034'16.89" 30 Shivsakti Morjhiri Jhabua 1043 2.00 22-11- 23001'29.04" 74027'00.64" Mineral 10 To 23001'28.04" 74027'07.64" 21-11- 23001'25.63" 74027'07.34" 20 23001'25.64" 74027'00.52" 31 Nitesh Shemal 67, Ajad 265 0.9 09- 22059'45.63" 74037'50.16" Kumar Pada Marg 05,15 22059'48.67" 74037'53.59" Porwal Thandla To 08- 22059'46.57" 74037'59.39" 94254863 05-20 22059'45.23" 74037'56.82" 53 22059'46.36" 74037'55.16" 22059'45.30" 74037'52.22" 22059'43.70" 74037'54.30" 32 Sanjay Borva Meghnaga 389 1.00 28-10- 23002'46.50" 74034'22.60" Gupta r 06 To 23002'46.50" 74034'23.60" 27-10- 23002'45.70" 74034'23.80" 16 23002'49.80" 74034'30.40" 23002'51.30" 74034'29.50" 23002'48.40" 74034'23.50" 33 Mahaveer Bid Parvaliya 05, 11, 13 2.00 04-03- 23002'40.50" 74033'16.86" Stone Mahudipad Thandla 14 To 23002'43.23" 74033'23.09" Kreshar a 03-03- 23002'47.14" 74033'20.84" 24 23002'44.22" 74033'17.10" 34 Kantilal Bhamal Khavasha 2080 To 1.78 02-11- 23008'45.47" 74042'23.27" Vagrecha Thandla Teh. 2084 07 To 23008'44.61" 74042'27.14" Thandla 01-11- 23008'48.67" 74042'28.29" Dist. 17 23008'50.76" 74042'26.52" Jhabua 35 Rajesh Narela Khavasha 756/1 3.00 23-04- 23006'28.26" 74045'06.38" Jaat Teh. 10 To 23006'28.03" 74045'12.40" Thandla 22-04- 23006'32.21" 74045'21.49" Dist. 20 23006'29.72" 74045'23.33" Jhabua 23006'22.57" 74045'12.67" 23006'22.94" 74045'07.44" Ranapur

36 Manoj Ranapur Ranapur 313/ 2.00 07-04- 22039'11.00" 74032'03.00" Panwar Jhabua 10 To 22039'15.02" 74031'58.61" 06-04- 22039'17.63" 74032'01.29" 20 22039'13.43" 74032'05.73" 37 Isra Mineral Retalunj 294 1.64 24-04- 22045'38.36" 74035'32.52" a 15 To 22045'35.43" 74025'35.56" 23-04- 22045'34.37" 74025'30.53" 25 22045'38.66" 74025'35.57" 22045'35.43" 74025'35.57" 38 Jitendra Ranapur M.G. Road 313/1 2.00 06-06- 22039'19.18" 74032'12.47" Rathore Ranapur 08 To 22039'20.17" 74032'13.86" 05-06- 22039'22.80" 74032'10.27" 18 22039'21.48" 74032'08.97"

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 17 S. Holder Village Address Survey No. Area Period GPS Co-Ordinates No Name Petlawad

39 Anandilal Anantkhed Petlawad 427 2.00 25-03- 22059'35.36" 74049'14.83" Mistri i 06 To 22059'33.83" 74049'20.44" 24-03- 22059'38.12" 74049'23.15" 16 22059'41.36" 74049'16.65" 40 Rajesh Dulakhedi 612 2.00 25-08- 23002'59.88" 74047'02.38" Bhai 07 To 23003'02.28" 74047'04.20" 24-08- 23003'04.26" 74047'01.95" 17 23003'01.76" 74047'00.10" 41 Hitendra Raipuriya 54 793 2.00 30-12- 23004'08.15" 74045'04.25" Sharma Tarakand 06 To 23003'58.87" 74045'04.14" Marg I.T.I. 29-12- 23004'00.74" 74045'01.38" Ratlam 16 23004'06.32" 74045'00.79" 42 Shrenik Anantkhed Jhaknavd 507 1.5 05-05- Kothari i a 11 To Petlawad 04-05- 21 43 Balkrush Asaliya Petlawad 882 2.00 12-10- 23001'48.28" 75045'41.13" na Kheriya 07 To 23001'48.79" 75045'47.41" Rathore 11-10- 23001'45.32" 75045'47.99" 17 23001'44.76" 75045'41.50" 44 Mulsank Anantkhed Petlawad 512 3.00 11-01- 22059'07.51" 74048'14.72" ar Lohar i 05 To 22059'08.80" 74048'26.30" 10-01- 22059'04.66" 74048'27.00" 15 22059'03.02" 74048'19.62" 45 Lakhansi Bhesguada Bhoj Marg 235 2.00 26-06- 23003'12.22" 74046'54.24" ngh Jhabua 15 To - 23003'13.10" 74046'57.00" Solanki 25-06- 23003'08.60" 74047'02.60" 25 23003'08.90" 74046'59.70" 23003'07.22" 74046'59.02" 23003'09.00" 74046'55.50" 46 Charbhuj Kachrotiya Petlawad 33/1 2.00 22-02- 22059'35.2" 74057'41.4" a Stone 14 To 22059'35.2" 74057'45.8" Kreshar 21-02- 22059'30.4" 74057'45.1" 24 22059'31.2" 74057'41.5" 47 Rajesh Manashiya Bavdi 306 2.00 04-07- 22059'03.15" 74052'59.37" Patidar 15 To 22059'02.51" 74053'02.24" 03-07- 22059'01.02" 74053'01.64" 25 22058'57.07" 74053'04.53" 22058'57.26" 74052'58.48" 22059'00.09" 74053'04.31" 48 Shrenik Anantkhed Jhaknavd 507 2.00 05-05- 22059'19.10" 74048'18.30" Kothari i a Teh. 11 To 22059'19.80" 74048'17.20" Petlawad 04-05- 22059'19.90" 74048'14.60" Dist. 21 22059'24.90" 74048'14.20" Jhabua 22059'25.40" 74048'14.70" 22059'22.80" 74048'15.70" 22059'24.50" 74048'19.50" 22059'23.30" 74048'19.80" 22059'23.10" 74048'20.40" 49 Sangeeta Petlawad Jhaknavd 2.00 01-07- 22059'28.54" 74048'04.07" Parmar a Teh. 15 To 22059'28.70" 74048'12.54" Petlawad 30-06- 22059'26.57" 74048'12.17" Dist. 25 22059'26.39" 74048'09.30"

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 18 S. Holder Village Address Survey No. Area Period GPS Co-Ordinates No Name Jhabua 50 Rajendra Khoriya Petlavad 227 1.00 24-07- 23001'03.85" 74045'56.92" Rathore 15 To 23001'05.39" 74045'59.00" 23-07- 23001'01.33" 74046'03.63" 25 23001'59.50" 74046'58.55" 23001'01.96" 74045'53.55" 23001'03.44" 74045'57.19" 51 Mohan Matapada Klyanpura 10 2.00 04-02- 22058'49.59" 74048'20.70" Solanki 16 To 22058'48.36 74048'27.10" 03-02- 22058'45.67" 74048'26.75" 26 22058'44.81" 74048'21.67"

3.2 Sand Mines

S.no. Lease holder name Survey no. Area Period GPS Co-ordinates 08-10- 2013 to 1 Ranjeet singh 264 4 N 23 0 0' 56" E 75 0 0' 46" 31-03- 2018

3.3 Major and Minor Mineral Mining Leases

S.No Lease holdar Ordar date Village Khasra Rakba Khanij Validity . name

S.R. Ferro Kajlidung Alays Aditya 08/12/06 F-295/97/12/2 ri 1 Avenew, Zone - 177 30.86 Manganese to date 04.07.1998 Meghana 2 Mp Nagar 16/08/18 gr Bhopal 386,397,390, f-3- Kajlidungri 08/12/98 M.P. Rajya 391,393,394, Rock 2 138/97/12/2 9.12 to Khanij Nigam Meghanag 396,397,399, phosphate date 17.09.1998 07/12/18 r 400,402

F-3- Guwali 27/09/03 M.P. Rajya Rock 3 60/2002/12/2 Meghnag 406 2.29 to Khanij Nigam phosphate date 28.05.2003 ar 26/09/23

Nilesh S/O F-3- 28/09/06 Ramchandra Julvania Dolomite 4 01/2006/12/1 310/2, 311 9 to Upadhyay Jhabua limestone date 28.06.2006 27/09/26 Jhabua

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 19 Kachalda f-3- 441,442, 09/03/09 M.P. Rajya ra Rock 5 102/96/12/1 443, 446, 37.7 to Khanij Nigam Meghnag phosphate date 16.12.2008 450 08/03/39 ar F-3- Amliyam 25/02/09 A.V. Mines Pvt. 19/2008/12/1 al to 6 Ltd. Mayur 129/2 6.39 Manganese date Meghnag 24/02/29 Vihar Nai Dilli 05/02/2009 ar rd F-3- Kajlidung Daulal S/O 28/08/09 41/2005/12/1 ri 179/1, 7 Bansilal Vyas 2.42 Manganese to date Meghana 179/2, 180 Indore 27/08/29 15/07/2009 gr Nirmal Kumar F-3- 221/1, Agrval 96, 20/12/13 30/2010/12/1 Talavli 221/3, 8 Chandra 4.46 Dolomite to 19 date Jhabua Shekhar Ajad 221/4, /12/43 30/07/2013 Marg Jhabua 221/5

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 20

Map no. 3 Locations of Stone and Gitti Mines.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 21 Chapter 4: Royalty or Revenue received in last three years

A payment to the owner of mineral rights for the privilege of extracting the minerals form the ground based on lease agreement. The royalty payment is based on a portion of earnings from production and varies depending on the type of mineral and market condition. The revenue or royalty of mineral activity in the last three years form 2013- 16 have been received in the range of Rupees 3,32,36,620 to 5,17,26,788 (table 5).Total royalty received in the last three year is Rupees 12, 24, 01,386/-. The highest percentage received in the year 2013-14 was 42.26 % of total of last three years and afterward it decreases to 23.75 % in the subsequent years.

Table No. 5: Revenue / Royalty of the mineral

Received Revenue / Royalty Year Target (in lakh ) (in lakh) 2013 &14 390.00 517.26 2014 &15 600.00 416.09 2015 &16 600.00 332.36

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 22 Chapter 5: Production of Sand or Bajari or Minor Minerals

There is no production of sand and bajari in the period from 2013 -15, while the production in 2015-16 is 2500 cubic meter. Gitti (Stone) production was highest in 2013-14 and has decreases in progressive years. There is a sharp decline in production of Manganese ore recorded in the period 2015-16 are shown in bar charts. Table No. 6: Production of sand and Bajari

Year Mineral Name Production (cubic meter) 2013-14 Sand or Bajari -Nil- 2014-15 Sand or Bajari -Nil- 2015-16 Sand or Bajari 2500

Table No. 7: Production of Gitti

Year Mineral Name Production ( in Cubic Metre) 2013-14 Gitti (Stone) 155000.50 2014-15 Gitti (Stone) 65600.00 2015-16 Gitti (Stone) 55500.50

Table No. 8: Production of Manganese

Year Mineral Name Production (M.T.) 2013-14 Manganese 100075.83 2014-15 Manganese 110506.06 2015-16 Manganese 27045.7

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 23 Chapter 6: Process of Deposition of Sediments in the Rivers

6.1 Introduction:

As the sediment originates from the water shed, the characteristics of the catchment such its areal extent, soil types, land slopes, vegetal cover and climatic conditions like temperature, nature and intensity of rainfall, have a great significance in the sediment production in the form of sheet erosion, gully erosion and stream, channel erosion. The total amount of sediment that passes any section of a stream is referred to as the sediment yield or sediment production. The mean annual sediment production rates generally range from 250-2000 tons/km2 or 2.5-18 ha-m/100 km2. GIS are applied in the identification and demarcation of watersheds. Remote sensing is used as a tool for data acquisition where as GIS a tool for data analysis. The area of present Alirajpur district has been studied on land sat imagery of 1:50000 scale. Following parameters we have been studied. The process of sedimentation in a river has been explained by the following criteria’s:-

6.1.1 Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by the water. The water can erode the river’s channel and the river’s load. A river’s load is bits of eroded material, generally rocks that the river transports until it deposits its load. A river’s channel is eroded laterally and vertically making the channel wider and deeper. The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is dictated by the stage in the river’s course. There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks. The first is hydraulic action, where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed and banks. This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the water has a high velocity. The next type of erosion is corrasion1. This is where the river’s load acts almost like sandpaper, removing pieces of rock as the load rubs against the bed & banks. This sort

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 24 of erosion is strongest when the river is transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the river’s flow is turbulent. The final type of erosion is attrition. Attrition is a way of eroding the river’s load, not the bed and banks. Attrition is where pieces of rock in the river’s load knock together, breaking chunks of rock off of one another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load.

6.1.2 Transportation

When a river erodes the eroded material becomes the river’s load and the river will then transport this load through its course until it deposits the load. The largest of particles such as boulders are transported by traction. These particles are rolled along the bed of the river, eroding the bed and the particles in the process, because the river doesn’t have enough energy to move these large particles in any other way. Slightly smaller particles, such as pebbles and gravel, are transported by siltation. This is where the load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension. Most of a river’s load is transported by suspension.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 25 6.1.3 Deposition

The gradient of the river’s course flattens out; the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower. When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy.

6.1.4 The Hjulström Curve

A Hjulström curve is a special type of graph that shows how a river’s velocity affects it competence and its ability to erode particles of different sizes.

There are two curves on the Hjulström Curve, a critical erosion velocity curve and a mean settling velocity curve. The critical erosion curve shows the minimum velocity needed to transport and erode a particle. The mean settling velocity shows the minimum speed that particles of different sizes will be deposited by the river. The shaded areas between the curves show the different process that will be taking place for particles that lie in those shaded areas.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 26 6.2 Watershed and Catchment area

Type of drainage and size of basin area the fundamental units of watershed. These factors are important to study the hydrology of an area. Development of drainage system is responsible for watershed. GIS is designed to store information about the location, topography and identification of various characteristics of land features and sub surface features. The factors of watershed affecting runoff are size shape orientation, topography, geology natural and extend of vegetation cover of the surface. Volume of runoff and rate increases with the size of watershed. The demarcation of watershed in 3383.88 sq km area Jhabua district has been studied. 6 watersheds have been identified. They are follows:- The catchment area of main basin of Mahi River in the district is 697.34 sq km (20.61 % of total area of district) and length of river is 88.7 km. The other rivers of the district are – Pat River, Negari River, Mod River and Anas River, they jointly forms catchments area 2686.51 sq km (i.e. 79 % of total area of district) .The total length of all drainage in the area are 246 km.

Table no. 9: Watersheds of Jhabua Length in District S.No. Watershed Area (sqkm) % of area in district (km) 1 Mahi River 697.34155 20.61311114 88.7 2 Pat River 808.83347 23.90876352 47.43 3 Negari River 387.83332 11.46418327 40.8 4 Mod River 497.18989 14.69671564 44.87 5 Anas River 650.85697 19.2390473 63.18 6 JHW2 341.82654 10.10424298 50 Total 3383.88174

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 27

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 28

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 29 Map No. 4 Watershed of Jhabua 6.3 Elevation and Gradient The Pat river watershed has the highest catchment area which is 808.83 sq km, lies at elevation maximum 434 meters to minimum 167 meters. The slope is maximum 34.31 degree to 0.32 minimum. degree and the mean is 4.25. Similarly other river Mahi, Negari, Mod and Anas have 697.34, 387.83, 497.18 and 650.85 sq km catchment area respectively. The Mahi river flows at highest elevation of 531 m amsl. It have 39.53 degree slope which gradually decreases to 0.35 degree in the end. Table no. 10: Elevation of Jhabua

Elevation (m) Slope (Degree) Watershed Area(sqkm) Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Mean Mahi River 697.34155 531 258 32.97 0.27 2.81 Pat River 808.83347 434 167 34.31 0.32 4.25 Negari 387.83332 517 205 39.53 0.35 4.42 River Mod River 497.18989 410 196 31.68 0.34 4.00 Anas River 650.85697 487 218 33.55 0.17 4.68

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 30

Map No. 5 Slope of Jhabua District

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 31 6.4 Calculation of Sediments Yield

Estimation of sedimentation index for prioritization of watershed has been calculated for each watershed. There is a need to identify priority area within the vast catchment areas. For determining the relative priority of micro watershed within the river valley catchment (RVP), the All India soil and land use survey organization has developed a sedimentation yield index (SYI).

Sediment yield in the total sediment out flow from a catchment or drainage basin at a particular reference point. Sediment deposition from a hydrologic unit in to a reservoir as function of the product of :- a) Potential soil detachment (P) b) Transportability of the detachment material (T) c) Area of the hydrological unit (A)

Sediment Deposition = P x T x A

Gross sediment yield in tons per sq km have been commutated based on slope and catchment, runoff, and land use pattern:- Table No. 11 Calculation of Sedimentation Area Weightage Delivery SYI Watershed Gross yield Category (sqkm) value ratio value Mahi River 697.34 16 0.63 527190.23 1158 Medium Pat River 808.83 16 0.65 630890.10 1040 Medium Negari 387.83 16 0.65 302510.03 1020 River Medium Mod River 497.19 16 0.63 375875.55 1108 Medium Anas River 650.86 15 0.6 439328.48 900 Low JHW2 341.83 16 0.63 258420.90 1048 Medium Total 2534215.28

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 32 6.5 Demarcation of Proposed Sand Deposition Areas

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 33 Table No.12 Location of Sand Potential Area S No. NAME Longitude Latitude 1 Anas River 74 39' 20.954" E 22 35' 56.485" N 2 Anas River 74 39' 5.681" E 22 36' 5.069" N 3 Anas River 74 38' 42.987" E 22 36' 18.360" N 4 Anas River 74 37' 40.493" E 22 37' 53.163" N 5 Anas River 74 37' 28.413" E 22 39' 19.132" N 6 Anas River 74 36' 47.999" E 22 39' 43.732" N 7 Anas River 74 36' 30.718" E 22 39' 55.538" N 8 Anas River 74 36' 16.091" E 22 40' 34.498" N 9 Anas River 74 36' 32.369" E 22 40' 44.803" N 10 Anas River 74 36' 33.073" E 22 41' 6.239" N 11 Anas River 74 36' 30.923" E 22 41' 37.050" N 12 Anas River 74 36' 32.424" E 22 42' 14.151" N 13 Anas River 74 36' 35.301" E 22 43' 1.069" N 14 Anas River 74 36' 27.054" E 22 43' 24.667" N 15 Anas River 74 36' 28.815" E 22 43' 41.072" N 16 Anas River 74 36' 26.868" E 22 44' 50.555" N 17 Anas River 74 36' 34.279" E 22 45' 56.374" N 18 Anas River 74 36' 21.140" E 22 46' 14.858" N 19 Anas River 74 36' 23.114" E 22 46' 34.964" N 20 Anas River 74 36' 5.802" E 22 46' 49.969" N 21 Anas River 74 35' 50.854" E 22 46' 55.516" N 22 Anas River 74 34' 50.724" E 22 48' 6.608" N 23 Anas River 74 35' 14.956" E 22 49' 27.800" N 24 Anas River 74 34' 44.150" E 22 50' 11.853" N 25 Anas River 74 34' 32.487" E 22 50' 22.285" N 26 Anas River 74 34' 21.349" E 22 50' 41.623" N 27 Anas River 74 32' 40.589" E 22 51' 26.868" N 28 Anas River 74 31' 18.861" E 22 51' 10.991" N 29 Anas River 74 29' 58.097" E 22 50' 38.017" N 30 Anas River 74 29' 14.148" E 22 51' 20.665" N 31 Anas River 74 28' 8.479" E 22 52' 21.744" N 32 Anas River 74 27' 47.399" E 22 53' 30.220" N 33 Anas River 74 27' 40.334" E 22 54' 20.319" N 34 Anas River 74 26' 25.053" E 22 55' 51.362" N 35 Anas River 74 25' 30.393" E 22 56' 4.052" N 36 Anas River 74 24' 13.459" E 22 56' 11.884" N 37 Anas River 74 23' 28.875" E 22 56' 29.801" N 38 Anas River 74 23' 7.759" E 22 57' 2.543" N 39 Anas River 74 22' 23.996" E 22 57' 19.944" N 40 Anas River 74 22' 0.960" E 22 58' 13.607" N 41 Anas River 74 21' 45.597" E 22 58' 57.430" N 42 Anas River 74 20' 36.314" E 23 1' 46.898" N

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 34 43 Anas River 74 19' 28.394" E 23 2' 26.235" N 44 Anas River 74 18' 49.705" E 23 4' 13.763" N 45 Larki Nadi 74 50' 7.077" E 22 57' 19.435" N 46 Larki Nadi 74 49' 6.689" E 22 58' 39.698" N 47 Larki Nadi 74 47' 59.511" E 23 0' 33.793" N 48 Larki Nadi 74 47' 5.279" E 23 2' 58.922" N 49 Larki Nadi 74 47' 15.209" E 23 3' 23.120" N 50 Larki Nadi 74 47' 28.831" E 23 3' 48.609" N 51 Larki Nadi 74 47' 3.879" E 23 4' 31.885" N 52 Larki Nadi 74 47' 14.119" E 23 5' 11.301" N 53 Larki Nadi 74 47' 23.288" E 23 5' 33.188" N 54 Larki Nadi 74 47' 20.894" E 23 6' 9.191" N 55 Larki Nadi 74 47' 56.329" E 23 6' 46.590" N 56 Larki Nadi 74 47' 59.439" E 23 7' 32.931" N 57 Larki Nadi 74 47' 28.812" E 23 7' 39.547" N 58 Larki Nadi 74 46' 56.782" E 23 8' 3.690" N 59 Mahi River 74 51' 17.663" E 22 48' 17.475" N 60 Mahi River 74 51' 24.429" E 22 48' 25.715" N 61 Mahi River 74 52' 22.254" E 22 48' 11.784" N 62 Mahi River 74 52' 47.609" E 22 48' 24.866" N 63 Mahi River 74 53' 42.883" E 22 48' 21.822" N 64 Mod River 74 28' 44.915" E 22 36' 24.336" N 65 Mod River 74 28' 48.070" E 22 36' 39.927" N 66 Mod River 74 28' 51.138" E 22 36' 52.390" N 67 Mod River 74 28' 42.745" E 22 37' 5.332" N 68 Mod River 74 28' 37.411" E 22 37' 21.427" N 69 Mod River 74 28' 28.287" E 22 37' 40.842" N 70 Mod River 74 28' 26.583" E 22 37' 57.268" N 71 Mod River 74 28' 47.085" E 22 38' 14.514" N 72 Mod River 74 29' 6.075" E 22 38' 37.533" N 73 Mod River 74 29' 8.135" E 22 38' 51.202" N 74 Mod River 74 29' 10.310" E 22 39' 8.219" N 75 Mod River 74 29' 14.472" E 22 39' 29.548" N 76 Mod River 74 28' 52.023" E 22 39' 43.474" N 77 Mod River 74 28' 12.557" E 22 40' 23.140" N 78 Mod River 74 28' 1.555" E 22 41' 20.948" N 79 Mod River 74 28' 14.828" E 22 41' 28.839" N 80 Mod River 74 28' 57.478" E 22 42' 43.977" N 81 Mod River 74 28' 34.067" E 22 42' 13.147" N 82 Mod River 74 29' 22.616" E 22 43' 57.782" N 83 Mod River 74 29' 15.045" E 22 44' 26.614" N 84 Mod River 74 29' 42.160" E 22 44' 52.339" N 85 Mod River 74 29' 14.920" E 22 45' 51.421" N 86 Mod River 74 29' 47.762" E 22 46' 27.844" N

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 35 87 Mod River 74 30' 20.707" E 22 46' 54.015" N 88 Mod River 74 31' 3.494" E 22 47' 27.293" N 89 Mod River 74 30' 35.213" E 22 48' 50.568" N 90 Mod River 74 30' 27.772" E 22 50' 6.038" N 91 Negari River 74 45' 8.884" E 22 53' 30.393" N 92 Negari River 74 44' 47.295" E 22 54' 0.245" N 93 Negari River 74 44' 29.035" E 22 54' 19.900" N 94 Negari River 74 43' 53.378" E 22 54' 39.437" N 95 Negari River 74 43' 42.926" E 22 54' 55.146" N 96 Negari River 74 43' 8.934" E 22 54' 45.272" N 97 Negari River 74 42' 42.955" E 22 54' 52.550" N 98 Negari River 74 42' 18.087" E 22 54' 51.450" N 99 Negari River 74 41' 11.831" E 22 53' 59.516" N 100 Negari River 74 40' 13.454" E 22 53' 29.248" N 101 Negari River 74 39' 49.253" E 22 53' 23.597" N 102 Negari River 74 39' 27.088" E 22 53' 37.271" N 103 Negari River 74 38' 58.782" E 22 53' 33.473" N 104 Negari River 74 38' 17.813" E 22 52' 52.304" N 105 Negari River 74 36' 41.653" E 22 52' 50.942" N 106 Negari River 74 35' 40.659" E 22 53' 2.257" N 107 Negari River 74 34' 29.929" E 22 52' 26.384" N 108 Pat River 74 37' 40.601" E 22 58' 1.598" N 109 Pat River 74 37' 27.198" E 22 57' 53.261" N 110 Pat River 74 37' 4.036" E 22 58' 8.358" N 111 Pat River 74 36' 50.310" E 22 58' 31.431" N 112 Pat River 74 36' 25.262" E 22 58' 59.547" N 113 Pat River 74 35' 56.457" E 22 58' 58.248" N 114 Pat River 74 34' 37.693" E 22 59' 39.630" N 115 Pat River 74 33' 52.223" E 22 59' 46.982" N 116 Pat River 74 33' 24.142" E 22 59' 54.745" N 117 Pat River 74 40' 22.621" E 23 3' 10.092" N 118 Pat River 74 38' 10.786" E 23 3' 38.820" N 119 Pat River 74 38' 1.853" E 23 3' 45.902" N 120 Pat River 74 37' 58.153" E 23 3' 57.840" N 121 Pat River 74 37' 11.447" E 23 4' 4.390" N 122 Pat River 74 36' 49.306" E 23 4' 16.447" N 123 Pat River 74 35' 37.872" E 23 3' 16.768" N 124 Pat River 74 34' 56.551" E 23 3' 6.528" N 125 Pat River 74 30' 57.932" E 22 59' 22.294" N 126 Pat River 74 29' 59.848" E 22 58' 14.261" N 127 Pat River 74 29' 8.951" E 22 57' 11.429" N 128 Pat River 74 27' 40.370" E 22 57' 3.793" N 129 Pat River 74 26' 12.783" E 22 56' 36.636" N 130 Sapan River 74 42' 7.938" E 22 41' 1.488" N

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 36 131 Sapan River 74 41' 20.258" E 22 40' 55.816" N 132 Sapan River 74 39' 7.500" E 22 41' 42.226" N 133 Sapan River 74 39' 50.100" E 22 42' 2.691" N 134 Sapan River 74 40' 25.471" E 22 41' 6.251" N 135 Sapan River 74 38' 35.636" E 22 41' 51.259" N 136 Sapan River 74 36' 58.727" E 22 41' 59.204" N 137 Sapan River 74 37' 47.453" E 22 41' 44.762" N 138 Sunar Nadi 74 46' 30.492" E 22 43' 8.834" N 139 Sunar Nadi 74 46' 1.008" E 22 43' 58.081" N 140 Sunar Nadi 74 45' 54.167" E 22 44' 20.966" N 141 Sunar Nadi 74 45' 44.432" E 22 44' 42.133" N 142 Sunar Nadi 74 45' 25.426" E 22 45' 7.464" N 143 Sunar Nadi 74 44' 56.665" E 22 45' 8.361" N 144 Sunar Nadi 74 44' 27.428" E 22 45' 44.528" N 145 Sunar Nadi 74 44' 0.069" E 22 45' 42.725" N 146 Sunar Nadi 74 43' 7.809" E 22 46' 6.506" N 147 Sunar Nadi 74 41' 57.447" E 22 46' 26.129" N 148 Sunar Nadi 74 41' 17.963" E 22 46' 46.349" N 149 Sunar Nadi 74 40' 22.740" E 22 47' 31.294" N 150 Sunar Nadi 74 39' 28.290" E 22 47' 52.332" N 151 Sunar Nadi 74 38' 49.043" E 22 47' 46.912" N 152 Sunar Nadi 74 38' 16.357" E 22 48' 0.975" N 153 Sunar Nadi 74 36' 55.805" E 22 47' 13.861" N

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 37 Chapter 7: General Profile of the District

Jhabua is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Jhabua is the administrative headquarters of the district.

State Madhya Pradesh Administrative division Indore Headquarters Jhabua • Lok Sabha constituencies Ratlam • Total Geographical Area 3,782 km2(1,460 sq mi) Population (2011) • Total 1,024,091 • Density 270/km2(700/sq mi) Demographics • Literacy 44.45 per cent • Sex ratio 989

7.1 Population

According to the 2011 census Jhabua District has a population of 1,024,091, roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus or the US state of Montana. This gives it a ranking of 440th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 285 inhabitants per square kilometre (740/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001– 2011 was 30.58%. Jhabua has a sex ratio of 989 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 44.45%.

Description 2011 2001 Actual Population 1,025,048 784,286 Male 515,023 396,141 Female 510,025 388,145 Population Growth 30.70% 21.20% Area Sq. Km 3,600 3,600 Density/km2 285 218

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 38 Proportion to Madhya Pradesh Population 1.41% 1.30% Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 990 980 Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 943 967 Average Literacy 43.3 41.37 Male Literacy 52.85 53.95 Female Literacy 33.77 28.58 Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 211,869 177,931 Male Population (0-6 Age) 109,040 90,441 Female Population (0-6 Age) 102,829 87,490 Literates 352,081 250,847 Male Literates 214,582 164,916 Female Literates 137,499 85,931 Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 20.67% 22.69% Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 21.17% 22.83% Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 20.16% 22.54%

As per the 2001 census Jhabua district (considering the separation of Alirajpur) had a total population of 784,286, out of which 396,141 were males and 388,145 were females. 91 per cent of the population was rural. 85.60 per cent of the population was tribal and 3 per cent belonged to scheduled castes. Before the separation of Alirajpur, Jhabua district had a sex ratio of 990 and density of population stood at 206 / km2.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 39 Jhabua is a predominantly Adivasi district, and suffers from high rates of illiteracy and poverty. Almost half of the population lives below the poverty line. The Bhil and Bhilalapeoples inhabit the interior of the district.

7.2 Education

With a literacy rate of 36.9 per cent Jhabua district had the lowest literacy rate amongst districts of Madhya Pradesh. The list of government collages and schools has been shown below:-

List of Collages:- S.No. Name of College City 1 Govt. Degree College Jhabua 2 Girls Degree College Jhabua 3 Govt. Polytechnic College Jhabua 4 Govt. College Petlawad 5 Govt. College Thandla

List of Schools:- S.no. Name of No. of No. of High No. of No. of Block Higher School Middle Primary School School School 1 Thandla 7 6 52 322 2 Petlawad 8 11 99 427 3 Meghnagar 5 10 57 242 4 Jhabua 7 8 60 316 5 Rama 4 7 59 293 6 Ranapur 5 6 50 279 Total 36 48 377 1879

7.3 Major Cities

7.3.1 Jhabua

Jhabua is a town and a municipality in Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Jhabua District.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 40 7.3.1.1 Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Jhabua had a population of 30,577. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Jhabua has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 74.04%. Male literacy is 80% and female literacy is 69%. In Jhabua, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Jhabua city is famous for its black cotton soil commonly known as "White Gold". There are many interesting places in Jhabua Tehsil.

7.3.1.2 Education

There is one government college SCAMV which imparts post graduate education. English schools are Kendriya Vidyalaya, New Catholic Mission Tribal School and Oxford Eminent Academy School. The Tehsil of Jhabua i.e. Thandla has developed very fast with many functional industries. It has given employment to people residing in nearby villages.

7.3.2 Petlawad

Petlawad is a town and a Nagar Panchayat (not to be confused with Gram Panchayat or Panchayat Samiti) in the Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, formerly the Central Provinces. Major towns in the region are Raipuria, Sarangi, Bamnia and Karwad. The town was in the news when an explosion on 12 September 2015 approx 100 people killed and over 150 people get Non-fatal injuries in Petlawad explosion. India's national bird, the peacock, is well-adapted to climate conditions prevailing in Petlawad.

Petlawad is a part of the Malwa (Malwa) region of Madhya Pradesh. It is 310.2 km from Bhopal and 147.9 km from Indore. Petlawad is located at 23.0°N 74.8°E. It has an average elevation of 388 metres (1272 feet).

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 41 7.3.2.1 Demography

In the 2011 census, Petlawad had a population of 15,174 of which 7,791 were males while 7,383 were females. The average sex ratio is 948 which are higher than the Madhya Pradesh state average of 931.The literacy rate is 84% compared to 69.3% for Madhya Pradesh. The male literacy rate is 92.5% while the female literacy rate is 74.8%.Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 7% of the population while Schedule Tribe is 24%.

7.3.2.2 Economy

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people. The region is part of important wheat-growing area of the country.

Important Crops:

 Wheat  Maize  Soya bean  Groundnut  Garlic

Other than Agriculture, cloth and jewellery selling is the famous occupation in Petlawad.

7.3.2.3 Culture

Petlawad is famous for its Adivasi (ethnic and tribal) traditions, owing to its location in the Jhabua district. The Adivasi festival Bhagoriya is celebrated in many parts of the Petlawad Nagar Panchyat. The Nilkantheshwar temple is located in Petlawad. India's national bird, the peacock, is well-adapted to climate conditions prevailing in Petlawad. Petlawad was selected for a residential-colony for the Mahi River dam project. The residential-colony is located 1.5 Kilometres from Petlawad.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 42 7.3.3 Thandla

Thandla is a town and a Nagar Parishad in Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

7.3.3.1 Geography

Thandla is located at 23.0°N 74.57°E. It has an average elevation of 271 metres (889 feet).

7.3.3.2 Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Thandla had a population of 12,685. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Thandla has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 66%. In Thandla, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

7.3.4 Meghnagar

Meghnagar is a census town in Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

7.3.4.1 Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Meghnagar had a population of 10,316. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Meghnagar has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 54%. In Meghnagar, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.

7.4 Town and Villages

Jhabua District of Madhya Pradesh is sparsely populated and most of the population of the region is a tribal population. But the district has importance in terms of tourist spots. Certain regions in Jhabua District of Madhya Pradesh have added to the value of the district. The Tourist spots of Jhabua have religious, historical and natural importance as well. Some of the prominent tourist destinations of Jhabua are Deojhiri.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 43

Table 13: Towns and Villages

7.4.1 Deojhiri

Deojhiri as the name of the village denotes there is an ancient temple of Lord Shiva (Deo, a diety) and jhiri or a perennial spring. The spring has been built up into a kund. A samadhi is held on Baisakh Poornima, which falls mostly in the month of April according to Gregarian calender.

7.5 Administrative block of District

For administrative purpose the district is divided into five tehsil. According to 2011census, the total number of villages is 813 out of which 783 villages are in habited and 30 un-inhabited. Tehsil wise number of villages is Thandla (112), Petlawad (240), Meghnagar (110), Jhabua (256), and Ranapur (95). In the district there are 6C.D. blocks, namely, Thandla, Petlawad, Meghnagar, Jhabua, Rama, and Ranapur.There are 5 towns in the district. As per urban classification, Thandla, Petlawad, and Ranapur are Nagar Panchayat, whereas Jhabua is (M.). Meghnagar is the only

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 44 Census Town in the district. Under the revenue administration there are 380 patwari halkas. Administrative units The district is divided into five tehsil - Jhabua, Meghnagar, Petlawad, Ranapur and Thandla and six community development blocks Jhabua, Meghnagar, Petlawad, Ranapur, Rama and Thandla.

Table 14: Administrative Units of Jhabua District

Sub-Division Tehsil Block Area (sq.km.) Jhabua Jhabua Jhabua Rama 1043.60 Ranapur Ranapur 399.97 Thandla Meghnagar Meghnagar 320.58 Petlawad Petlawad 891.04 Thandla Thandla 447.93 3103.12

The district is the basic territorial unit of administration in the state as well as in India. The Collector, as the head of the district administration is the lay functionary of the Government, having vast powers and wide responsibilities. In many ways he is the link between the state Government and the people. He is the custodian of law and order and the pivot of local administration. He is the Chief Executive Officer of the district and as such he exercises general supervision over various departments in regard to their non-technical work. Coordination of the activities of various departments, control over local-self governing bodies, execution of Government schemes and miscellaneous functions, such as Panchayat, Census, election and relief measures during natural calamities like floods, famine and epidemics, etc. also come within his preview.

The narrative on the organisational set-up of the Collectorate may be divided into three main functions, via

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 45 (i) Land revenue, land-records including consolidation of and other allied matters. (ii) Law and order and (iii) Development.

The Collector is assisted by deputy Collectors, Tehsildar, Naib Tehsildar, revenue inspectors and Patwaris. The Collector is also associated with a number of other committees, the most important being the District Advisory Committee. The Collectors also vested with statutory powers under excise act to implement the excise and prohibition policy of the Government. Superintendent of Police is the head of police department at the district head quarters .The Judiciary is independent. At the district level, there is district court headed by District and Session Judge. District and Session Judge is assisted by Civil Judges posted at tehsil level.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 46

Map No. 6 Administrative Blocks of Jhabua

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 47

7.6 Economy

The district is highly drought-prone and degraded waste lands form the matrix of Jhabua. The women make lovely ethnic items including bamboo products, dolls, bead-jewellery and other items that have for long decorated the living rooms all over the country. The men have for ages adorned "Teer- Kamthi", the bow and arrow, which has been their symbol of chivalry and self-defence. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Jhabua one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

7.7 Languages

Languages spoken include Bareli Rathwi, a Bhilali language with approximately 64 000 speakers, written in the Devanagari script; and Bhili, with 1,150,000 speakers.

7.8 Literacy

Average literacy rate of Jhabua in 2011 were 43.30 compared to 41.37 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 52.85 and 33.77 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 53.95 and 28.58 in Jhabua District. Total literate in Jhabua District were 352,081 of which male and female were 214,582 and 137,499 respectively. In 2001, Jhabua District had 250,847 in its district.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 48

7.9 Culture

A small village of 320 people in 1971, Deojhiri is 8 km north-east of Jhabua on the Ahmadabad-Indore State Highway No.22. It is at a distance of 1 km on the western side of the road, on the Sunar River. As the name of the village denotes there is an ancient temple and (Jhiri) or a perennial spring. The spring has been built up into a Kund. A festival is held on Baisakh Poornima, which falls mostly in the month of April according to the Gregorian calendar

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 49 Chapter 8: Land Utilization Pattern in the district

Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. Earth cover is the expression used by ecologist Frederick Edward Clements that has its closest modern equivalent being vegetation. The expression continues to be used by the Bureau of Land Management. There are two primary methods for capturing information on land cover, field survey and analysis of remotely sensed imagery. One of the major land cover issues (as with all natural resource inventories) is that every survey defines similarly named categories in different ways. For instance, there are many definitions of "forest"—sometimes within the same organisation—that may or may not incorporate a number of different forest features (e.g., stand height, canopy cover, strip width, inclusion of grasses, and rates of growth for timber production). Areas without trees may be classified as forest cover "if the intention is to re-plant" (UK and Ireland), while areas with many trees may not be labelled as forest "if the trees are not growing fast enough". Land use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as settlements and semi-natural habitats such as arable fields, pastures, and managed woods. It also has been defined as "the total of arrangements, activities, and inputs that people undertake in a certain land cover type.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 50 Map No. 7 Land Use Land Cover of Jhabua

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 51

Chapter 9: Physiography

Physiography is characterised by chain of hills Vindhyachal Ranges in the south and Malwa plateau in the north with river flows of Mahi, Anas and its tributaries. The area comes under Agro climatic zone No. 12 namely Jhabua hills. The district has three distinct sub zones namely Petlawad (Malwa) and Jhabua (Low rainfall). The average elevation of Malwa plateau (365m) is in the eastern part of the area especially in the east of Thandla, Maghnagar and Petlawaad. The anas river valleys with its tributaries are formed in the north west of the area in the low lying plateau. The flood plain is formed by Mahi and Anas River.

Table 15: Physiography and Soil Types Topography

Physiographical % of Area Soil type Unit Steep hill slopes or 45 Skeletal soils, shallow; yellowish brown; ridges with abrupt sandy loam’s to sandy clay loam’s; slopes slightly acidic Piedmont & Shallow to medium depth; sandy to undulating upland 30 sandy loam’s; yellowish brown to reddish brown slightly acidic Valleys 10 Medium to deep, pale to dark greyish brown, almost black in places; clay to 9 clay loam’s (40-60%) alluvium of basaltic origin reaction neutral to slightly alkaline Plateau 15 Deep to very deep, dark, black cotton clay soils on elevated plateau in northeast of district

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 52

9.1 Soil cover

The variation in climatic condition, topography and lithology in Jhabua district has played a significant role in the formation of soil which has resulted from the physical and chemical weathering of the parent rock. Black cotton soil has been derived from the parent basaltic rock under semi- arid conditions. These soils are clay to loamy clay in texture, having clay contents of 40% to 60% mixed with red and yellow soil. The soil generally occurs in 7 slopes and uplands are sandy-to-sandy loam and their colour varies from reddish yellow yellowish brown.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 53

Map No. 8 Physiography of Jhabua

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 54

Chapter: 10 Rainfall Month Wise

In the hydrological cycle period of last three year i.e. 2013-2016 from june to may, the ranges of monsoon rainfall (mm) from 1076.6(2013), 762.9(2014), 703.1 (2015) and non- monsoon period rainfall from 78.4 (2014), 20.6 (2015), 22.7 (2016) respectively. Table 16: Rainfall in Jhabua District period 2013-16 Rainfall in mm Year 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 April - - 19.1 May - - - June 120.9 6.3 124.4 July 449.5 307.3 467.2 August 273.6 246.9 48.5 September 158.3 202.4 47.5 October 74.3 - 15.5 November - - - December - - - January 66.8 1 3.6 February 11.6 - - March - 19.6 -

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 55

Chapter: 11 Geology and Mineral Wealth

11.1 Geology

The general geological successions of the Jhabua district are given in table- 15.

Table 17: Geology of Jhabua District Age Stratigraphic Unit Lithology Quaternary to Recent Recent Alluvium Alluvium and Laterite ------Unconformity ------Upper Cretaceous to Deccan trap Basalt with inter Lower Eocene trappean clays Upper Cretaceous Lameta and Bagh Beds Limestone and shale Archaean Aravali Super Group Granites, Phyllites, Schist and Dolomitic Marble

11.1.1 Archaeans

The Archaean group of rocks are exposed in the central, north-western parts of the district. The gneissic granites are susceptible to weathering with jointed and fractured zones extending about 5 to 15 m below ground level. The phyllites and schist are moderately permeable. The dolomitic marble and limestone occurring as bands, generally occurring occupy small hill ranges.

11.1.2 Deccan Traps

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 56 The northern and north western parts of the district covering mainly Thandla, Petlawad and Rama blocks are occupied by the basaltic lava flows of Cretaceous to Eocene age. More than 12 number lava flows have been demarcated in the district with average thickness of flow being 25- 30 m. The bottom most parts of the flows are generally massive, hard and compact in nature. They often show columnar jointing and 9 spheroidal weathering. The overlying vesicular basalts comprise has rounded to oval shaped vesicle, which is generally filled, with zeolites, calcite and quartz. Vesicular horizons are limited in thickness or absent there by reducing the chances of the good aquifer for the storage for groundwater storage. The weathered zones, joints, fracture and vesicular zones form the main water bearing horizons.

11.1.3 Alluvium and Laterite

Localized patches of alluvium cover occur along the banks of major and minor rivers and streams in the district. In general it is difficult to differentiate between alluvium and product of black cotton soil underlain by yellow clay with kankar. The thickness of alluvium varies from few meters to 15 m. Laterite capping on top of Deccan trap basalt are seen in localized patches. The rocks are generally bouldery in nature, highly ferruginous and weathered to yellowish red soil.

11.2 Minerals

A 'Mineral Resource' is a concentration or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on the earth's crust in such form, quality and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. Some of them minerals are as follows:- Manganese:- Manganese is reported near patra, madrani, torniya, jamaniya, phuledi and meghnagar village of thandla block. It is also found at gelar chhoti, near khedi, near wagawa and near charnali village of jhabua block of jhabua district.It is assoiciated with the quartzite.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 57

Asbestos:- Asbestos is reported near madrani of thandla block of jhabua district. It is associated with quartzite. Phosphorite:- Phosphorite is mainly found in western part of the district in thandla block near patra, madrani and jamniya village. It is assoiciated with the dolomatic limestone. Calcite:- Calcite is found in few places of jhabua block near umari and bhoyara village. It could be secondary minerals in vesicular basaltic flows. Dolomite:- Dolomite is reported in few places like in thandla block at near madrani, near jamaniya and also found in the jhabua block in gelar chhoti, near deojhiri village.

Manganese Belt Kajlidongri, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh

Silicate rocks interbedded with manganese oxide ores occur enclosed in phyllites of the Precambrian Aravalli Group in and around Kajlidongri, Jhabua District, and Madhya Pradesh. The phyllites are metamorphosed up to the biotite zone of regional metamorphism. The manganese oxide minerals in the bedded ore deposits are braunite and hematite of two generations, bixbyite and jacobsite associated with spessartite and alurgite. A granite body and a few small calcareous bodies present in the area are younger than the phyllites and the enclosed manganese deposits. Epigenetic veins cutting across all the formations are important in this area. Though the mineral composition of the veins are in general simple, being constituted by quartz and calcite, a number of minerals are present in them and the surrounding wall rocks where they intersect bedded manganese deposits.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 58 This area represents the southern and southeastern extension of Aravalli fold belt in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh. The major litho-units are phyllite, quartzite, and dolomite of Lunawada Group of Aravalli upergroup, which are unconformably overlying the granite gneiss, granite, and amphibolites litho units of archaean basement. Mn bands were identified in Naganwat, Phuleri, Guvali - Patra, and Doter areas. Five Mn bands were traced. The longest manganese band in Mandali area is lmost 700 m in length with average width of 5 m. Manganese ore bands in Rampura and Doter area have a length of around 30 m and width of around 4 m. Out of five manganese ore bands, three are located in Mandali Tunia block and one each in Rampura (Anas river block) and Village Doter indicated Mn value of 0.5% to 23.3% with an average grade of 7.5%.

District Survey Report, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh Page 59 Map No.9 Geology map of Jhabua

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Map No. 10 Minerals of Jhabua

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Chapter: 12 Other Details

12.1 River or Stream and Other Sand Source

Jhabua district lies in the major basins, the Mahi. The Mahi River forms northern and north eastern boundary of the district. It has a length of 67 Km. Within the district limits and along with its left bank tributaries. The Anas and Mahi drains 52% of the geographical area of the district. The Anas River with its tributaries Like Mod, Sapan and Sunar, Negaria and Pat covers 38% of the geographical area of the district. Table 18: Drainage system with description of main rivers S No. Watershed Catchment Area (sqkm) % of area in District 1 Mahi River 697.34155 20.61311114 2 Pat River 808.83347 23.90876352 3 Negari River 387.83332 11.46418327 4 Mod River 497.18989 14.69671564 5 Anas River 650.85697 19.2390473 6 JHW2 341.82654 10.10424298 Total 3383.88174 100

Table 19: Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams

Name of the Total Length in Altitude S.No. River or the District (in Place of origin at Origin Stream Km) (m) 1 Mahi River 88.7 Bhopawar 531 ( Dhar District) 2 Pat River 47.43 Nawapada Khawasa 434 3 Negari River 40.80 Paledi 517 4 Mod River 44.87 Mardundiya 410 5 Anas River 63.18 Siyali 487

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12.2 Availability of Sand or Gravel or Aggregate Resources

The availability of sand, gravel or aggregates in the district has been calculated of each every river in the district. The details has been shown river wise in the table.

Portion of the Concession Average width of Area Mineable River or Length of area area recommen mineral Stream recommended recommended ded for potential (60% Recommende for mineral for mineral mineral of total mineral d for Mineral concession concession concession potential) (mt) Anas River 39593.77 5890.27 5351161.41 9632090.55 Mahi River 30881.08 5178.19 4944661.03 8900389.86 Mod River 18377.00 1779.90 1139707.53 2051473.56 Negari River 16154.38 1751.29 1445822.13 2602479.84 Pat River 15176.19 2179.75 1491388.79 2684499.81 Other Source 29785.14 4429.51 3055220.52 5499396.95 Total 149967.56 21208.91 17427961 31370330.57 .41

12.3 Mineral Potential

Boulder Bajari Sand Total Mineable Mineral Potential (MT) (MT) (MT) (MT) 6274066.114 9411099.171 15685165.29 31370330.57

12.4 Annual Deposition

Annual deposit of sand, bajri and boulder is 2534215.28 ton per sq km per year.

12.5 Detail of existing mining leases of sand and aggregates.

As given in Table no 3.2

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Image No. 1 Rock Phosphate Mine Village Kachaldara

Image No. 2 Kajalidungari Mine

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Image No. 3 Stone (Gitti Mine)

Image No. 4 Stone (Gitti Mine) Navpada Village

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