ISSN 1172-3416

MACMILLAN BROWN CENTRE FOR PACIFIC STUDIES

PACIFIC POLICY BRIEF 2016/6

ew Zealand prime ministers and regional diplomacy

N Ken Ross1

Policy summary of paper presented at the regional conference on Rethinking regional security: Nexus between research and policy, November 25-26, 2015, University of Canterbury. A partnership between (Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies) University of Canterbury, Australian National University, United National Development Program and International Political Science Association

1 Ken Ross is a retired senior civil servant. ew Zealand performs best particularly well with South Pacific globally as a progressive small leaders. His kudos comes mostly from his N state, with a deep extraordinary role in getting New internationalism central to our national Caledonia reinscribed on the United identity. That is, being a good Nations List of Non Self Governing international citizen. Our prime ministers Territories in 1986. That was the first time are the most important players projecting regional leaders had sought to go to the New Zealand globally. Global diplomacy global community to plead for the interests is what prime ministers do to advance their of people in their region. government’s foreign policy. had much regard from many in Commentary on how capably each of New the South Pacific for his leadership of the Zealand’s fifteen prime ministers since region’s protests in 1995 against ’s 1945 engaged in global diplomacy has renewed nuclear testing, but he was not been sparse. Mostly, New Zealand prime another Lange. Though some still smile ministers have been ill prepared to do quietly at how adeptly Bolger performed, global diplomacy – that has limited their particularly upstaging Paul Keating, who effectiveness when engaging with their simply could not believe that Bolger could South Pacific counterparts. do what he did so well.

The South Pacific provides the foremost The central thesis of the book I am writing measure for how well New Zealand prime is that Norman Kirk stands out as the most ministers do global diplomacy. You need outstanding among the fifteen for doing your best mates – in our case our South global diplomacy. In the early 1970s his Pacific neighbours - close to you when inspired branding of the country as a doing good global diplomacy. Australia, progressive small state - with a deep less so. We have to realise it is globally a internationalism central to our national middle power and we are a small state. identity - was a pinnacle moment for New Our interests do not always coincide! Zealand in world affairs. Three episodes that highlight this At the forefront of the Kirk Brand was the balancing act are briefly explored here. ability of to be close to the The first was Australia’s 1996 South Pacific. For Kirk, this region was unsuccessful candidacy for a seat on the our foremost for being engaged with – Our United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Neighbourhood! John Howard had become prime minister Kirk earns top spot for establishing a brand in Canberra in March. He became ‘His that endures, largely because of his initial Masters Voice’ - booming antagonism to outstanding effort. , Jim the South Pacific. There was reaction. Bolger and have backed up The Australians were in deep trouble with his branding with strong support their ‘home constituency’ - Oceania. Six performances. months later, it was doubtful that many of the eight Oceania votes willingly went to David Lange is the most recent New Canberra. Reportedly, Papua New Guinea Zealand prime minister to have engaged actively campaigned against the Canberra bid! The second was when New Zealand leaders’ gatherings. Wellington has to was trashed and thrashed in our 1982 bid keep close with our neighbours. for a UNSC seat. Those two instances are pertinent contrasts to the more recent For the New Zealand prime minister a real successful bids that Wellington and responsibility - that their ‘South Pacific’ Canberra made for terms on the Security common sense travels well, when, for Council. When, Oceania worked together example, at APEC and the East Asia well. Summit, where their South Pacific friends are not present. Let us not disappoint the region again. As happened in 1991. Then Michael Somare, For the New Zealander to be “on brief” Papua New Guinea’s foreign minister they do need to turn up at the annual sought and got regional support (in this Forums (and stay awake!). Also to have case the Asian/African constituency) to diplomatic cups of tea – or something a bit contest the presidency of that year’s UN more spirited, but not too much more. General Assembly session only to find his That is to simply spend time together with early support dissipate when a Saudi rival South Pacific leaders, when together in entered the race to counter a Yemini. In capitals. the aftermath of the first Gulf War We do not want to repeat the 2011 fiasco previous publicly announced supporters of when that year’s Pacific Islands Forum Somare, including Washington and was scheduled as an early curtain raiser to London, deserted him. the Rugby World Cup finals.

Identifying markers to measure the * * * * region’s prospects with New Zealand prime ministers

The smartest future will come the same way that the best past was cultivated with the South Pacific. New Zealand prime ministers need to know, and engage with, the South Pacific leaders. Need to know when to come together with their Aussie counterpart and when to stand apart from their Canberra mate.

There is a big reciprocal onus on the South Pacific leaders - to know their New Zealand pal.

Also, supremely important is that they be collegial colleagues when playing away from home – such as, in New York at the United Nations or at Commonwealth