Basque Studies Newsletter ISSN: 1537-2464 Center for Basque Studies N E W S L E T T E R

Center for Basque Studies Newsletter ISSN: 1537-2464 Center for Basque Studies N E W S L E T T E R

Center praised in its UNR Program Review FALL The Center for Basque Studies Program Review was managed by Drs. Sandra Ott and Gloria 2 0 0 6 Totoricagüena, who gratefully acknowledge the time and expertise given by external reviewers Dr. Jeronima Echeverria, Provost at Fresno State University, and Dr. Emilia Doyaga, Profes- sor Emerita and former Academic Vice President of State University of New York. Echeverria and Doyaga spent three days meeting with UNR students, administrators, department chairs, NUMBER 74 Deans and the Provost while examining CBS program design and implementation. Their sug- gestions for adjustments and improvements were unreservedly acknowledged and are being put into effect. The University of Nevada, Reno has com- results of interdisciplinary research on the In this issue: pleted its comprehensive program review of Basques to a local, national, and international the Center for Basque Studies and all of its audience, and by extension we draw atten- activities, and has judged it to CBS Program Review 1 have “extraordinary quality” Faculty achievements and to be “exemplary on the 3 international academic stage.” Research grant awarded 4 Since its last program review in 1998, the CBS has under- Basque Studies Ph.D. 5 gone unprecedented growth, Douglass house donation owing to the energies and 6 accomplishments of its faculty, Highlights 7 staff, and Advisory Board, and to continuing support from the Basque Library archives 8 Nevada state legislature and USAC celebrates 25th the Basque Government. With five faculty members (since Anniversary 10 2002), the CBS has expanded Studies Abroad in the scope of both its research Center for Basque Studies staff, seated: Joseba Zulaika, the Basque Country agenda and teaching. With par- Carmelo Urza, Xabier Irujo; standing, Jill Berner, Kate 11 tial funding from the Basque Camino, Gloria Totoricagüena, Sandra Ott. Basque publications 12 Government and the Diputación of Bizkaia, the Center created seven book tion to the human experience of small ethnic series, and an annual international conference groups. We seek to maintain excellence in series that brings leading intellectuals to the all our endeavors and to achieve our goals University from around the world. The Cen- through high quality research, publications, ter also launched the William A. Douglass conferences, active involvement in scholarly Distinguished Scholar program to invite an networks throughout the world, as well as academic visitor of distinction to Reno for the through service and teaching. I think being entire academic year. meticulous about academic research keeps us A semi-annual publication of the among the pathbreakers in our disciplines.” Center for Basque Studies, According to Director Gloria Totoricagüena, University of Nevada, Reno “The primary mission of the CBS is to con- Since 2002, our Basque Studies faculty have Reno, NV 89557-0012 ceive, facilitate, conduct and disseminate the devoted substantial time and energy to the (continued on page 2) Center for Basque Studies Newsletter (continued from page 1) mercial exchanges between Nevada and other states, as well as with the Basque Country, work of the CBS Advisory Board, whose France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Argen- international membership enhances the tina, Uruguay, Chile, Venezuela, Mexico, Center’s relationship with the global Basque Canada, Australia, and the Philippines. Fac- community. During the past five years, the ulty members serve as consultants to the local CBS faculty has also considerably expanded and international media on Basque-related the Center’s scholarly networks, both na- issues, both scholarly and general. The CBS tionally and internationally, through their collaborates with UNR’s University Studies research, participation in conferences, and Abroad Consortium (USAC), directed by Dr. publications. Center faculty have made para- Carmelo Urza, which offers foreign study op- mount contributions to scholarship in a wide- portunities in twenty-five countries, including ranging number of fields, including diaspora the Basque region. Facilitating international and migration studies; transnational identities exchanges among scholars and students and borderlands; international discourse on remains a crucial task of the Center, which terrorism; the ethnography of Bilbao and the annually receives an average of one hundred Jill Berner, publications writer and Guggenheim Museum; the history of politi- visiting Basques, academics, researchers, and production coordinator, completed thirty cal exiles; contemporary Basque politics and doctoral students. years of employment with the Center for philosophy; Basque language and literature; Basque Studies in 2006. French Basque history and society; French The CBS faculty is committed to excellence Basques under Vichy, German Occupation in teaching, although research is the first mis- and after the Liberation; mnemonic com- sion of the Center. Faculty members service munities, memory a minor in Basque The Center for Basque Studies and landscapes. Ex- Studies at UNR, as Newsletter is a semi-annual ternal reviewers Dr. “The CBS has undergone well as a tutorial publication sent free of charge Jeronima Echeverria unprecedented growth, Ph.D. program that to any interested person. If and Dr. Emilia Doyaga enables students you would like to receive the were impressed by owing to the energies and to earn a doctorate newsletter in paper format, the impact the Center accomplishments of its faculty, in Basque Studies for Basque Studies please send your name and staff, and Advisory Board” with an emphasis postal address to: is making in various in another dis- disciplines by using cipline of their Basque cases to test Center for Basque Studies / 322 choice, working with one of several UNR social science theories and to design innova- University of Nevada, Reno academic departments. The Ph.D. program tive research methodologies. For example, Reno, NV 89557-0012 requires interdisciplinary collaborations and Dr. Sandra Ott is the only academic to com- our students often work with international bine cultural anthropology and history with Or e-mail us at: [email protected] specialists. The purpose of the Basque Stud- personal in-depth fieldwork on the German ies Tutorial Ph.D. program is to prepare Or phone: 775.784.4854 occupation in Iparralde. Or fax: 775.784.1355 highly motivated and self-directed individu- als for active roles as academic professionals Faculty continue to serve as series editors for The newsletter is also available in the areas of Basque Studies research and CBS publications in Basque Classics, Litera- teaching. The interdisciplinary nature of the electronically, in a printable ture, Diaspora and Migration Studies, Confer- format. If you would like to program ensures that graduates have a well- ences, Occasional Papers, Textbooks, and the rounded knowledge of the Basque reality, receive the newsletter in William A. Douglass Distinguished Scholar electronic format, thus saving both past and present, and are able to explore monograph series. The Center continues to any Basque-related topic in great depth. We printing and postage costs, distribute its publications to more than four please specify this option and let currently have five Ph.D. students working to hundred U.S. libraries and to more than three complete their dissertations. us know your e-mail address. hundred institutions overseas. Jill Berner, who is completing thirty years with Basque Center for Basque Studies students won UNR Please visit our web site: Studies, produces this biannual newsletter for Outstanding International Graduate Student nearly eight thousand subscribers worldwide. awards for 2002 through 2006. Since 1999, basque.unr.edu CBS faculty members have taught forty-five Outreach activities remain integral to the campus-based courses, as well as thirteen Center’s agenda and to UNR’s mission as courses via the Internet. a land grant university. The CBS provides Produced by the Center for Basque community and public service that takes into CBS faculty members have continued to Studies, University of Nevada, account the ethnic and cultural diversity of Reno. Jill Berner, editor. give public lectures and scholarly papers on Nevada’s citizens and supports gender equity. Basque-related topics in a wide variety of The Center organizes public lectures, art settings to local, national, and international exhibits, film festivals, and cultural activi- audiences. Dr. Joseba Zulaika completed The University of Nevada, Reno is an Equal ties around the state and for the community eight months of fieldwork in Bilbao and also Opportunity / Affirmative Action, ADA institu- at large. It supports an extensive network of tion. 11/06 8,500. academic, artistic, media, tourist, and com- (continued on page 3) Center for Basque Studies Newsletter (continued) CBS Faculty conduct field finished a book on ETA. Dr. Ott finished a manuscript on the German occupation in research in Euskadi, Uruguay Iparralde, and Dr. Xabier Irujo published a book on the Basque exile in Uruguay. In September 2005, Dr. Totoricagüena launched Joseba Zulaika spent the Spring semester do- capped years of archival research and inter- a major project, “Basque Family Heritage in ing fieldwork in Bilbao on its urban renewal views. Dr. Irujo conducted research in the the United States,” with assistance from the and cultural transformations. Following his archives of Pamplona and later in the United Center for Family History and Genealogy previous work on the Bilbao Guggenheim States, where he was a professor at Boise at Brigham Young University. The project’s Museum, he is researching the full impact of State University until coming to the Univer- main aim is to provide data for researchers “the Guggenheim effect” on Basque percep- sity of Nevada, Reno in 2006. Mr. Irigoyen wishing to study Basque family histories. tions of cosmopolitan culture, identity, art, worked within the Basque community of As of November 2006, the database includes tourism, and museums. He is particularly Uruguay, of which he is a part. 49,000 Basque surnames and contains par- interested in describing the transformations tial U.S. census information for the period of the hegemonic ideologies of his youth, 1850–1930. The project has employed eigh- such as religion, socialism, nationalism, teen professionally trained genealogists and and modernism, as well as an evaluation of software specialists. On its completion, the what remains of their heritage in the current database will provide substantial informa- “post” era. tion about Basque families who immigrated to the United States and users will be able to While Zulaika was in the field, the Basque research their genealogical histories. separatist organization ETA declared a permanent ceasefire on March 22. He was In the last seven years, members of the inspired to write a lengthy essay on the Basque Studies staff have won prestigious historical significance of ETA for his genera- awards such as UNR’s Distinguished Faculty tion, which was subsequently published as Award, UNR’s Outstanding Researcher of the a book, ETAren hautsa (ETA’s Ashes) (Irun: Year, the Basque Government’s Lagun Onari Alberdania, 2006). Since ETA was created in Bilbao by a group of university students, and Xabier Irujo, 2006. award, two faculty have been recognized [photo: Nere Erkiaga] with the Mousel-Feltner Award for Excel- key figures such as Txabi Etxebarrieta were lence in Research and/or Creative Activity, from Bilbao, Zulaika’s essay can be seen as Director Gloria Totoricagüena traveled to the Vasca Mundial Award, UNR Junior Faculty one aspect of his overall Bilbao project on Basque Country in July for numerous indi- Research Grant Award, UNR Thornton Peace the ruins and resurrections of contemporary vidual meetings with institutional leaders in- Prize, an author’s Idaho Librarian Association Basque culture. cluding Department of Education Director of Best Book Award finalist, and the College of Universities and Research, Dr. Patxi Juaristi; Liberal Arts Award for Research and Creative Department of Culture “Euskara Munduan” Activity. Coordinator, Kinku Zinkunegi; Director of Relations with Basque Communities Abroad, The quality productivity of the Center for Josu Legarreta and assistants, Benan Oregi Basque Studies has brought recognition and and Andoni Martín; Director of Basque Stud- a reputation for distinction to UNR. We are ies at the University of Deusto, Dr. Santiago currently completing the organizational struc- Larrazabal and Vice Rector Dr. Rosa Miren ture for a network of collaborations among Pagola; author and professor Dr. Jon Korta- Basque Studies programs, large and small, zar; Chair of Sociology at the Public Univer- in universities around the world, and our sity of the Basque Country Leioa campus, Dr. students will benefit greatly from this global Ander Gurrutxaga; Chair of Basque Studies access to experts. The CBS will continue to at the University of Pau, Dr. Pierre Bidart; champion Basque Studies at every possible Director of IKER, Basque Text and Language venue and thanks its dedicated staff and fac- Study Center in Baiona, Beñat Oyharçabal; ulty for its successes. and Anabella Barroso, Head Archivist of the Joseba Zulaika in the Old Quarter of Bilbao, Bizkaian Catholic Bishopric. 2006. [photo: JM Zabala] Xabier Irujo Ametzaga’s latest work, co-au- Totoricagüena met to dicusss and elaborate thored with Alberto Irigoyen, was presented on possible collaborative projects and Basque in October 2006 at the Centro Vasco Euskal Studies agendas, and to invite top research- Erria (Basque center) of Montevideo, Uru- ers to travel to Reno for their work. She also guay. The new publication is entitled La hora worked to recruit potential Ph.D. students vasca del Uruguay: Genesis y desarrollo del and explained how the Center’s tutorial Ph.D. nacionalismo vasco en Uruguay 1825–1960 functions. Totoricagüena also met with CBS (Uruguay’s Basque Hour: Genesis and Devel- Advisory Board members Sixto Jimenez and opment of Basque Nationalism in Uruguay, Pello Salaburu. 1825–1960). The authors were in attendance Josu Legarreta and Gloria Totoricagüena. for the formal presentation of the book, which Center for Basque Studies Newsletter Pedro Oiarzabal Sandra Ott receives completes Basque research grant Studies Ph.D. CBS doctoral student Pedro Oiarzabal com- The College of Liberal Arts has awarded a requested by his wife. In one letter, he asked pleted his Ph.D. program on August 4 by Scholarly and Creative Activities Grant of the shopkeeper to send him six teaspoons, presenting a defense of his dissertation, “The $5,000 to Center faculty member Dr. Sandra six forks, six knives, six soup spoons, a Basque Diaspora Webscape: Online Dis- Ott, for her research project entitled “Ger- white apron, sewing scissors, and a coffee courses of Basque Diaspora Identity, Nation- man-Basque Relations during the Occupation grinder. In another letter, he recounted his hood, and Homeland.” His research discusses (1940–1944).” The grants are available on a experiences as a Nazi tourist in the Loire, the impact of new global technologies such competitive basis for faculty development. describing the grandeur of the châteaux as the Internet on maintaining Basque iden- in the region. In many of his letters to his tity in the diaspora. Dr. Ott’s project focuses on twenty-nine let- Béarnais friend, the German deplored “the ters held in the archives of the Pyrénées-At- abominable cruelty and savage barbarity” Dr. Oiarzabal’s degree is in Basque Studies, lantiques in Pau, France. She received per- of the war and the arrogance of the German with an emphasis in Political Science. His mission from the French authorities to study high command. He described the war as “a Ph.D. committee was chaired by CBS direc- Vichy intelligence and police reports and the sadistic murderer that greedily preys upon tor Gloria Totoricagüena, and included Linda dossiers of collaborators tried by the French mainly innocent people in this so-called White of the CBS, Isabelle Favre of the government after the Liberation. During win- civilized twentieth century.” Foreign Languages Dept., and Leonard Wein- ter break, the grant will enable her to continue berg of the Political Science Dept., along archival research she started in 2005. The letters provide rare insights into the with Dr. Joseba Zulaika who participated in thoughts and emotions of a German officer the defense via videoconference from the during the Occupation of France; they also Basque Country. convey a sense of the tensions and complex emotions that characterized relations be- Oiarzabal, from Bilbao, co-authored a book tween female collaborators in Pau during in 2005 with his brother, Agustin M. Oiarza- those turbulent times. The results of Dr. bal, on La Identidad Vasca en el Mundo. Ott’s research will be presented in a paper He also created two websites related to his at the annual conference of the Society of research, www.euskalidentity.com, and www. French Historical Studies at the University euskaldiaspora.com. Zorionak, Dr. Oiarzabal! of Houston in March 2007. Her research will make a significant contribution to our understanding of German-Basque relations, a topic about which little has been written.

*Pseudonyms are used to preserve anonymity. Sandra Ott in Maule, France. [photo: M.A. Elustondo] CBS personnel honored The letters were written by a German officer, Lt. Furst, to a Béarnais shopkeeper in Pau Two of our Center for Basque Studies staff from September 1943 until the eve of the were honored at end-of-the-year ceremonies Liberation in August 1944.* They met while on May 17. Dr. Linda White was recognized he served in the German Armistice Commis- at the Honor the Best ceremony as Basque Dr. Pedro J. Oiarzabal sion in Pau, which fell in the Unoccupied, Scholar Emerita. She was presented a plaque Vichy Zone until November 1942. When the by Provost John Frederick, and congratulated Dr. Oiarzabal was selected by the San Fran- German Security Service established a com- by Interim University President Joseph Crow- cisco Basque Cultural Center Board of Di- missariat in Pau in December 1942, Lt. Furst ley. CBS Ph.D. candidate Pedro Oiarzabal rectors as the author and editor of a book on introduced the shopkeeper and a close female was also honored at the event, as the run- the Basque community of the San Francisco friend to Gestapo agents operating in the area. ner-up for Outstanding Graduating Graduate Bay Area, which is part of the Basque Gov- Both women ardently supported certain col- Student. We congratulate our colleagues on ernment’s Urazandi (From Overseas) Col- laborationist movements in the region and these prestigious awards. lection on Basque diaspora communities. On regularly denounced “enemies” of Hitler to September 16 he traveled to San Francisco to the German police. take part in the Oroitzapen Egunak–Memory Days initiative to collect memorabilia from When Lt. Furst was transferred to Bourges the SF Basque community, at their annual in central France, he wrote often to the shop- Basque Fall Festival. For further information, keeper, with whom he had developed a close, please visit: www.sfbasque.org/urazandi/ platonic friendship. He shared with her his index.htm. To share your memories and concerns about his wife’s ailments and her memorabilia in relation to the SF community, ability to cope with the destruction of their please contact the SF Urazandi Committee: home in Germany. He often began his let- [email protected]. ters with a shopping list of household items Linda White Center for Basque Studies Newsletter Students recruited for Current Basque Studies Ph.D. Basque Studies Ph.D. candidates

The Center for Basque Studies is actively Sandra Ott ([email protected]), to discuss their Basque Studies Ph.D. candidate Argitxu recruiting potential Ph.D. students who are proposed research and to verify that a mentor Camus Etchecopar came to UNR with a interested in earning a doctorate in Basque will be available for their topic. Detailed in- Master’s degree from the University of Pau Studies. Dr. Gloria Totoricagüena, Director, formation is available on our website at www. (France), and is pursuing her doctorate with is inviting students from around the United basque.unr.edu/07/7.1.1t/7.1.1.phd.htm. an emphasis in history. Her research focuses States to consider the University of Nevada, on Basque immigration and the Euskal Reno and the Center for Basque Studies for Etxeak (Basque clubs) of the diaspora. She is their academic training. a Research Assistant at the Center since 2004.

The Tutorial Ph.D. program in Basque Stud- Argitxu Camus provides weekly news to ies is intended to provide students in the Basque Country media about the Basques in humanities and social sciences with an oppor- the U.S. She sends articles to the newspaper, Ph.D. candidate Xirika, and also presents a short radio show tunity to pursue doctoral studies emphasizing Argitxu Camus Basque-related courses and dissertation re- every Friday about Basque emigration on search. “Our successful students are awarded Basque Country station Euskal Irratiak. She a Doctor of Philosophy in Basque Studies, is also working on a book on the history of and they choose an emphasis in any other the North American Basque Organizations, liberal arts discipline at the University of Inc., which will be published by the Basque Nevada, Reno, such as anthropology, foreign Autonomous Government as part of the languages and literatures, economics, geog- Urazandi series and presented at the World raphy, political science, philosophy, art, or Congress of Basque Collectivites (Bilbao, history, but also could choose business, jour- July 2007). nalism, European Union issues, or law once Basque Scholarships we help find a mentor in that particular program,” explained Totoricagüena. The degree awarded is in Basque Studies but entails specialization in one of these subject areas and involves The Scholarship Selection Committee chose close collaboration with participating depart- the recipients for 2006–2007, for the two ments at UNR, as well as scholars worldwide. Basque scholarships that we administer. Amy E. Sullivan of Reno was selected to receive CBS Director of Graduate Studies, Dr. Sandra the Peter Echeverria Scholarship. Amy grew Ott, said, “We have three-year assistantships up in Battle Mountain, Nevada where she was for those students accepted to our program, as a member of their Oberanak Basque Club and well as financial assistance available for their a member/instructor of their dance group. At fieldwork expenses thanks to the generosity UNR, she is studying business management and also taking pre-optometry courses. of donors. Students are expected to be on Juan Arana Cobos campus in Reno for two years of coursework and dissertation preparation and then, de- For the Dolores Saval Trigero Scholarship, Juan Arana Cobos studied philosophy at the pending on their research needs, may leave the committee was able to select two University of Madrid. Arana’s Ph.D. empha- Reno for investigation and fieldwork.” recipients this year. One awardee is Hillary sis is in philosophy, and his research concerns L. Uriarte from Elko, Nevada, where she has Basque art and aesthetics. He is conducting Earning a Ph.D. in Basque Studies with an been an Arinak Basque dancer for thirteen research on Basque sculptor Jorge Oteiza and additional area of emphasis increases career years. She was an honors student at Elko his influence on the arts and the development possibilities and represents a unique oppor- High School, and at UNR plans to major in of a new kind of aesthetics, in connection tunity for the right student. “We are doing history with a minor in Basque Studies. with philosophy and anthropology. everything possible to promote Basque Stud- ies in all liberal arts fields, and a successful The second recipient is honors student Jillian Arana is now completing his research at the doctorate from our program allows a person Gooch of Gerlach, Nevada. While there is Jorge Oteiza Foundation and Museum in to search for job opportunities in their own no Basque club in Gerlach, Jillian became Alzuza, Navarre. The museum holds Oteiza’s discipline, and to also bring a wealth of a member of the Reno club and participated most complete collection of sculptures along knowledge regarding Basques to their future in as many activities as possible. She hopes with his personal library and archive. During students and professional colleagues,” stated to major in English and eventually become a the past year, he published reviews of several Totoricagüena. The Center highly recom- teacher for deaf students. books on Oteiza and presented a paper at mends that potential applicants contact either the University of Navarre on this prominent Dr. Gloria Totoricagüena, Director of the We thank the Echeverria and Trigero families Basque artist. He will soon present the results Center for Basque Studies (totorica@unr. for their generosity in designating funds for of his dissertation, “Magic Rationalism: the edu) or our Director of Graduate Studies, Dr. the benefit of Basque-American students Four Aesthetic Men in the Mythography of attending the University of Nevada, Reno. Art of Jorge Oteiza.” Center for Basque Studies Newsletter House donation benefits Center, CBS staff attend visiting scholars Bakersfield festivities

William A. Douglass has donated a pri- Basques from California and Nevada trav- vate property to the Center for Basque eled to Bakersfield to enjoy an academic Studies for use as a personal residence for symposium at California State University the William A. Douglass Distinguished Bakersfield on May 26 and also to participate Scholar and family. Private donations to in the Memorial Day weekend festival at the the Center for Basque Studies facilitate Kern County Basque Club, fronton and picnic the fulfillment of our many varied pro- grounds. Director Gloria Totoricagüena gave grams and projects on the Reno campus a presentation at the university symposium as well as with numerous international in which she compared U.S. East Coast and networks. Without the several substan- West Coast Basques and the differences in tial donations we have received thus far, their political interests and involvement. we would never be able to achieve the She also participated in meetings with the international status of our conferences, re- Chairs of several university departments and search agenda, publications, student train- Dr. Steve Gamboa of CSUB, with intentions ing and intellectual networking, which are to assist the university in preparing Basque Studies courses. all necessary in the promotion of Basque William Douglass in front of the house he Studies. donated to the Center.

The “Douglass Basque House” is just a full basement is being utilized as a warehouse block away from the UNR campus and is for the Center’s publications. This year’s the perfect location for our visiting scholars. occupants are Professor Pedro Ibarra and his The two-bedroom, one-bath house also has a wife, Dr. Carmen Oriol. We sincerely thank spectacular garden, created and maintained Bill for yet another gesture of his overwhelm- by Dr. Douglass himself. Therefore, our Visit- ing generosity and personal commitment ing Scholars will be able to write home that to Basque Studies at UNR. He unselfishly they are so well cared-for that Emeritus Pro- continues to work on fundraising for the CBS fessor Douglass is their gardener! It is also Advisory Board and his words are backed by convenient for CBS storage facilities and the his actions. Eskerrik asko!

From left: Gloria Totoricagüena, Mary and Francois Pedeflous, and Argitxu Camus. NABO Udazken Biltzarra Ph.D. student Argitxu Camus and Dr. To- North American Basque Organizations, versity, was co-sponsored by the Basque gov- toricagüena also conducted interviews with Inc. (NABO) held their fall meeting Octo- ernment, NABO, and Boise State’s Basque Francois and Mary Pedeflous in Fresno, con- ber 20–21, 2006 in Reno and Gardnerville, Studies program. cerning their leadership roles in North Ameri- Nevada. Events included a NABO Youth can Basque Organizations, Inc. (NABO). Ms. Director Workshop to explore ways of in- Center for Basque Studies delegates to the Camus is preparing a book manuscript about tegrating Basque youth into clubs, and the North American Basque Organizations event, the history of NABO which will be published Ipar-Ameriketako Biltzarra / North American Argitxu Camus and Director Gloria Totori- by the Basque Government next year. Summit of Basque Organizations, to assem- cagüena, traveled to Gardnerville, Nevada ble delegations from Canada, Mexico, and the for the meeting of the federation. Ms. Camus Also enjoying the Bakersfield Basque fes- United States for a few days of meetings. The has been selected to Chair the NABO His- tival from the Center were Zuriñe Velez de NABO Delegate Forum met at the Overland tory Committee and will also serve as the Mendizabal, Basque Librarian Imanol Irizar Basque Restaurant (Gardnerville) to formu- CBS communicator for information gathering and his wife Eskarne Zubero, and the Wil- late a plan for the next fifteen years, and was and sharing to NABO members. Dr. Totori- liam Douglass Distinguished Visiting Scholar followed by dinner and dancing. cagüena was invited to give a presentation Professor Gregorio Monreal. to NABO Delegates regarding processes and Also featured during the weekend as part of procedures necessary for effective volunteer NABO’s College Lecture Series was a pre- organizations. She gave numerous ideas re- sentation at the University of Nevada, Reno garding possible improvements for NABO by Juan Antonio Urbeltz, a leading voice in governance, grants and financial operations, the world of Basque dance and culture. In activity and participation growth in quality  a multimedia presentation on “A Peoples’ and quantity, as well as informed delegates Story in Dance,” he discussed his theory of about the details of the NABO–Basque Gov- the origins of Basque dance and the ongoing ernment relationship. Her powerpoint pre- role played by dance in Basque culture. The sentation is available on the NABO website, lecture, also presented at California State www.nabasque.org. University, Bakersfield and Boise State Uni- Center for Basque Studies Newsletter Highlights

The Andrés Irujo Prize for 2006 was awarded Gloria Totoricagüena chaired a panel Basque-language daily Berria (February to co-authors Xabier Irujo Ametzaga of and presented her research at the 52nd 21, 2006); and the Catalan newspaper La the CBS and Alberto Irigoyen Artetxe International Congress of Americanists Vanguardia (April 1, 2006). In addition, for their work, La Sociedad de Confrater- in Seville, Spain, July 16–20. Her paper, interviews with the authors appeared in nidad Vasca Euskal Erria, presented “Transnational Ethnic Communities as Argia (April 30, 2006) and in Euskal Etx- by the Euskal Erria Basque Center of Global Players: Basque Foreign Policy eak, a magazine for the Basque diaspora Montevideo (Uruguay). The book will and Amateur Diplomats,” illustrated how (no. 72). be published by the Basque Government nationalism plays a fundamental role in in their Urazandi Series on the Basque paradiplomacy and the paradiplomatic On November 3, Xabier Irujo and Nere diaspora. The award is given for research focus on ethnic identity building and Erkiaga presented information on Basque or creative work that contributes to the maintenance. Co-chairs were Drs. David culture and politics to a McQueen High knowledge about Basque history and Río and Oscar Alvarez of the University School (Reno) AP human geography class Basques in the diaspora. of the Basque Country–Vitoria-Gasteiz. taught by Julie Wakefield.Sandra Ott also visited the same class on November Sandra Ott’s Basque Culture class was hon- On September 15, faculty and staff of the 17 to talk about both Basque and Gaelic ored by a visit by local Basque restaura- Center for Basque Studies, as well as (Scottish and Irish) cultures in which she teurs, Louis and Lorraine Erreguible, in members of the Reno Basque community, has done anthropological field work. May. Louis immigrated to Nevada at the were interviewed for the Euskal Telebista age of twenty-two and worked at various Program “Baskonia Americana/Basques Pedro Oiarzabal published a book review of jobs before he and Lorraine started the in America.” Interviewees from the Gloria Totoricaguena’s textbook Basque popular Reno Basque hotel and restaurant, Center included Gloria Totoricagüena, Diaspora: Migration and Transnational Louis’ Basque Corner, in 1967. Kate Camino, Jill Berner, and Pedro Identity (Reno: Center for Basque Stud- Oiarzabal. ies, 2005) in the Basque journal Revista Eusko Ikaskuntza Director Josemari Vélez Internacional de Estudios Vascos, Vol. 50, de Mendizabal visited the University Gloria Totoricagüena was an invited No. 1. of Nevada, Reno with his wife, Edurne keynote speaker for the Third World Etxabe, in spring. Gloria Totoricagüena Congress of the Armenian Diaspora in Joseba Zulaika gave a keynote speech on and Vélez de Mendizabal discussed the Yerevan, Armenia, September 17–21. She “Dreams and Cathedrals: The Bilbao EuskoSare (Basque Network) project, for presented her research comparing various Model of City Reinvention by Architec- which Totoricagüena serves as Presi- ethnic groups and how they attempt to ture” at the conference on Drawing the dent of the Scientific Committee. They influence their homeland political and Lines: International Perspectives on Urban designed evaluation measurements and economic decisions. The Congress of four Renewal through the Arts, held at Indiana assessed the success of English-language thousand participants was organized by University Northwest, November 2–4. content on the site, www.euskosare.org. the Armenian Foreign Ministry. Josemari and Edurne’s daughter, Zuriñe, The Director of the Museo de Bellas Artes in was a public relations assistant in the Cen- Dr. Totoricagüena is collaborating with Bilbao, Javier Viar, visited Reno October ter during the 2005–06 academic year. Anton de Ynchausti as a consultant to the 27–29 to discuss a future Basque art Ateneo University in Manila, Philippines exhibit at the Nevada Museum of Art in Since early September, Joseba Zulaika with the goal of establishing Basque Stud- Reno. He was accompanied by his wife, speaks weekly on the Basque public radio ies courses on the campus for 2007–08. Pilar Ros. program, Behategi. He is interviewed for Mr. Ynchausti is a CBS Advisory Board about fifteen minutes on some aspect of member who is working to promote uni- Sandra Ott presented a paper, “Gift Giving contemporary Basque politics and culture. versity courses on Basque migration to the and the Management of Justice: Border- Philippines, which dates to 1565. land Basques under German Occupation Congratulations to UNR student Gotzone (1942–1944) and during the Libera- Garai for completing her Masters in An- Xabier Irujo and Gloria Totoricagüena met tion,” at the 34th annual conference of thropology. Garai came to Reno in 2003 with visiting cultural anthropologist Dr. the Western Society for French History, from Deusto, Bizkaia and after finishing Junko Arantzazu Kajita of the Universi- held October 19–21 at California State her coursework conducted fieldwork in ty of Osaka, Japan on August 29 in Reno. University, Long Beach. Her paper was in Borneo. She will pursue a Ph.D. in anthro- Dr. Kajita is the coordinator of Basque the session on “Identities, Borderlands and pology in the near future. Studies at the University of Osaka, which Memory.” has offered Basque Studies to its students Joseba Zulaika gave the keynote speech at since the 1940s, and is interested in stu- For Fall 2006, the Center offered classes in: the conference Is it Time for a Critical dent and professorial exchanges. Elementary Basque Language, by Xabier Terrorism Studies? organized at the Uni- Irujo; War, Occupation and Memory, by versity of Manchester by the Department The book La Identidad Vasca en el Mundo, Sandra Ott; and Museums, Architecture, of International Politics of the University by Basque Studies Ph.D. graduate Pedro City Renewal: The Bilbao Guggenheim, of Wales, Aberystwyth, October 27–28. Oiarzabal and his brother, Basque soci- by Joseba Zulaika. His paper was entitled “Read My Terror: ologist Agustin Oiarzabal, was reviewed Towards a Critical Terrorism Studies.” in the journal Hermes, 19 (2006); the (continued on page 9) Center for Basque Studies Newsletter Basque Library archives contain many treasures by Nere Erkiaga

Nere Erkiaga has taken charge of the Basque Studies Library while archivist of the Sabino Arana Fundazioa in the Basque Country of Imanol Irizar is taking time off for health reasons. Before coming Spain, came to Reno for six weeks to work in the Library. He pro- to Reno, she worked in the archives of several organizations such cessed archives obtained from the Basque Country such as the Veyrin as Xenpelar, the Archive of Archive, which has valuable information Bertsozale Elkartea. about the history of the continental Basque Country, and the Huarte Jauregui Archive, Imanol Irizar, head of the Basque papers of the commander in Zarautz, Gipuz- Studies Library since last Febru- koa, during the War of 1936, which docu- ary, began making changes to ment repression by the Franquist troops in improve the organization of the Gipuzkoa. There are also archives from sev- library to better serve the needs eral Basque families and from U.S. Basque of researchers. Interim Librarian organizations, including documentation Nere Erkiaga has continued with from associations that recruited sheepherd- this project since her arrival in ers from the Basque Country to work in the June. The changes include more American West. These papers are very im- collaboration with other Basque portant for the study of Basque immigration. libraries and organizations to share The archive also preserves documents on the resources and improve services, Center for Basque Studies since its creation the use of new technologies to in 1967, and of professors and researchers serve as many users as possible, who worked there, such as the William Dou- and the selection and organization glass archive and the Eloy Placer archive. of the library’s collection—not only The Basque Archive Team (left to right, top): Hilda the bibliographic collection, but Centeno, Iñaki Goiogana, Nere Erkiaga; Goiogana and Basque Studies Library staff also the archival collection. (bottom) Michelle Rachal and Araby Greene have completed the first step in the organization of this material on the Basque Diaspora, The archives include valuable documents concerning the history of but there is more work to do. The library hopes to compile, preserve, the Basque Country and of Basques in the United States, photographs and promote all the documentation generated by or about the Basques of Basque sheepherders, festivals, and other events, recordings and in the United States and also in other countries, in all types of media, videos with interviews and reports of Basques, posters, tree carv- to preserve the memory and history of the Basque Diaspora, which is ings, postcards, calendars . . . All this documentation is essential for also part of the history of the United States. Towards this goal, the li- preserving the history of the Basques, and it must be organized and brary will continue to seek funding to allow them to fully catalog their promoted to make it more accessible. collections, to collect valuable archives that might otherwise be lost, and to promote them through an online database, making this valuable The first step was to prioritize the organization of the papers according resource available to all. to their historical value. To assist with this process, Iñaki Goiogana,

CBS faculty attend Seville conference

Drs. Xabier Irujo and Gloria Totoricagüena traveled to Seville, Spain to present their research at the 52nd Congress of Americanists in July. The five-day conference included nearly four thousand social science specialists from around the world. Dr. Totoricagüena served as a session co-chair with Drs. Oscar Alvarez and David Río, both from the University of the Basque Country (Vitoria-Gasteiz campus), which focused on the Basque experience in Latin America. It was the first time that an entire session dedicated to Basques had ever been accepted at this prestigious Congress. Other participants included Monika Madinabeitia, Alberto Angulo, Marek Peda, Matteo Manfredi, Mar- celo Iriani, and Xabier Lamikiz. Totoricagüena presented a paper on comparative diaspora populations and international relations theory, and Irujo presented a paper on the mythification and de-mythification Session organizers, from left, Gloria Totoricagüena, David Río, of the history of Basque politics. participant Xabier Lamikiz, and organizer Oscar Alvarez.

Center for Basque Studies Newsletter Sandra Ott created a one-credit course Highlights (continued) Basque Lecture Series, (Basque 460/660) under Special Top- ics in Basque Cultural Studies, entitled Fall 2006 “Basques in the American West.” It will Sandra Ott was selected to serve on the The Center for Basque Studies lecture series be offered April 27–28, 2007 at the Red- UNR Intercultural Council, a Presiden- continued this fall, organized by Dr. Sandra field campus of the University of Nevada, tial Diversity Committee. Ott. Several of the presentations were given Reno, in conjunction with Extended by visiting scholars, sponsored by the Center Studies. Congratulations to William Douglass and or the University Studies Abroad Consortium. Julie Lacy who renewed their marriage Gloria Totoricagüena was selected to assist vows in a ceremony at Genoa, Nevada Iban Asenjo Garde, Professor of Education new UNR department chairs by giving a on October 28. from the University of the Basque Country, presentation of the “dos and don’ts” of gave a presentation on “Bilingüismo y managing an academic department. Vice Recent Basque Ph.D. graduate Pedro Educación en el Estado Español: El caso Provost Bill Cathey singled out Totori- Oiarzabal published a review of Iden- vasco” (Bilingualism and Education in cagüena, and Music and Dance Depart- tity, Culture, and Politics in the Basque the Spanish State: the Basque Case) on ment Chair, Dr. Andrea Lenz, for their Diaspora by Gloria Totoricagüena, in August 11; Prof. Santiago de Pablo, Dept. successful management and leadership Estudios Migratorios Latinoamerica- of Contemporary History of the University techniques and skills. nos, journal of the Buenos Aires-based of the Basque Country–Vitoria discussed Centro de Estudios Migratorios Latino- “The Basque Government-in-Exile during Xabier Irujo taught a workshop at Boise americanos. the Early Franco Years” on August 29; Iratxe State University on Contemporary Basque Fresneda Delgado, Assoc. Prof. of History Politics (1937–2006) on October 14–15. Estibalitz Ezkerra, with degrees in of Cinema and Video Creation, University The class focused on the truce that ETA Journalism and Art History from the of the Basque Country–Leioa, gave a talk announced last spring and the right for University of the Basque Country, is on “Visual Identity of the Cinema of Danish self-determination of the Basque Country. researching at UNR on a USAC stipend Filmmaker Lars Von Trier” on September 1. for a year. She is investigating the Former Secretary of State of Idaho, Pete Cenarrusa, spoke to the class on Basque marginalization instances related to On October 10, visiting archivist Iñaki issues. cultural and psychological differences in Goiogana and interim Basque Librarian Nere Western Literature. She will also write Erkiaga presented information on the state of Dr. Gloria Totoricagüena has been selected about Basque American matters for the the Basque archives and development of an as a consultant to the President of the Basque media, and will assist the Center archival database; on October 11, we heard Basque Country for globalization issues with public relations projects. from Egoitz Gago Anton, Ph.D. Candidate and promotion of Basque Studies on an in the Department of Peace Studies, international stage. She will collaborate with Columbia University invited Gloria University of Bradford (UK), who spoke other academics on issues of foreign affairs, Totoricagüena to present her research on “Effects of Basque Peace Movement global politics, and transnationalism. on the Basque Government-in-exile and Organizations on Civic Societies: A Model its successes on the international stage Based on the Study of Relationships”; Xabier during the 1930s–1950s for a special Irujo Ametzaga of the Center for Basque colloquium on the Basques. Dr. Andrea Studies gave a faculty seminar on “The Bartoli, Director of the International New Basque Basque Language in Exile, 1937–1960” on Conflict Resolution Program at the scholarships funded School of International and Public Af- fairs, organized the event on October 13 We are pleased to announce that the Echever- to commemorate the 50th anniversary of ria family of Reno has established two new the disappearance of Basque Govern- memorial scholarships for students attending ment Delegate, Jesus de Galindez. Par- the University of Nevada, Reno. The Fran- ticipants included Iñaki Goiogana, Dr. ces A. Echeverria Graduate Student Award Miriam de Salegi, Dr. Emilia Doyaga, honors the donors’ mother, who was a UNR Josu Legarreta, Irune Zuluaga, and graduate and winner of the Herz medal for Joseba Agirretxea. highest scholarship. Funds will be awarded to Center for Basque Studies Ph.D. students Drs. Ott and Totoricagüena participated to assist in completing their dissertation. The in an external review of the Cenarrusa Gilbert and Marie Ordoqui Memorial Schol- Iñigo Urrutia Center for Basque Studies in Boise, arship, honoring the donors’ uncle and aunt, Idaho. Totoricagüena was invited by will benefit students who minor in Basque November 1; Cathryn Donohue, Assistant their Board of Directors to discuss pos- Studies. In addition to these new awards, Professor in the Department of English at sible collaborative projects and ways the the family has augmented the funding of the UNR, gave a lecture “On Case in Basque,” CBS could assist the Cenarrusa Center. existing Peter Echeverria Scholarship, honor- on November 15; and Iñigo Urrutia, lecturer Dr. Ott serves for the U.S. Department ing their father, which is awarded to Nevada of Administrative Law at the University of Education as an external examiner of residents of Basque descent. We thank the of the Basque Country, presented “Non- Cenarrusa Center program development, Echeverrias for their thoughtful generosity in Official Languages of the European Union administration, and finance. support of Basque Studies students. Eskerrik and Recognition of European Linguistic asko! Diversity” on November 22. Center for Basque Studies Newsletter Pedro Ibarra USAC celebrates 25th welcomed as new anniversary Distinguished Scholar The Center for Basque Studies welcomes The University Studies Abroad Consortium were current and past visiting faculty and our new William A. Douglass Visiting (USAC) celebrated their 25th Anniversary in faculty International Development Awardees Distinguished Scholar, Pedro Ibarra. Dr. 2006. The Consortium had its beginnings in from the University. John Fredrick, UNR Ibarra will be in residence at UNR for the 1981 when Carmelo Urza was hired by the Executive Vice President/Provost, greeted the 2006–2007 academic year, conducting Center for Basque Studies to conduct sum- participants and spoke briefly about the im- research and writing a book on participa- mer study-abroad programs in the Basque portance of international education. Interim tory democracies in the Basque Country. Country. Soon, programs in other countries University President Joe Crowley then talked He is a professor in the Department of were added, and a consortium of participating about the beginnings and growth of the orga- Political Science at the Universidad del universities was formed to recruit students nization, which he had assisted many years País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, and visiting faculty, and to facilitate credit ago during his term as UNR President by Leioa campus. transfers. The USAC became an entity in its allotting funds to help start the program. own right, and moved into separate offices on the UNR campus. USAC, CBS featured in special supplement Today, USAC includes thirty-one U.S. and thirty-five foreign university members. While The University Studies Abroad Consortium programs in Spain remain the most popular, and the Center for Basque Studies were fea- students also enjoy studying in more exotic tured in an eight-page University of Nevada, regions such as St. Andrews, Scotland and Reno supplement included Bangalore, India. In the in the Reno Gazette-Journal past twenty-five years, for April 9. The publication more than 17,000 students was designed to educate have studied around the readers about the interna- world on USAC pro- tionalization of the Reno grams. We congratulate Douglass Distinguished Scholar for campus. The article on the University Studies 2006–2007, Dr. Pedro Ibarra USAC, featuring Director Abroad Consortium and Carmelo Urza, celebrated their director, Carmelo His recent publications include Manual their 25th Anniversary and Urza, on their incredible sobre sociedad civil y movimientos sociales described their growth from success and growth over (Madrid: Sintesis, 2005); Nacionalismo: a program in the Basque the last quarter-century. Razón y pasión (Barcelona: Ariel, 2005); region to currently offer- and, coauthored with A. de la Peña, De la ing thirty-seven programs The 25th Anniversary was confrontación militante a la cooperación University Studies Abroad Consortium in twenty-five countries. noted in April when the pragmática (Madrid: La Catarata, 2004). Director, Carmelo Urza Information on the Cen- University Studies Abroad ter included an article on Consortium held their annual Board of Direc- The William A. Douglass Distinguished director Gloria Totoricagüena, discussing tors meetings at UNR. Twelve USAC Resi- Scholar Award was established by the min- the Center’s projects and activities, and in- dent Directors attended as well as thirty-four istries of Education, Culture, and Foreign formation on emeritus director William A. representatives from consortium member in- Affairs of the Basque Government, to pro- Douglass. It praised Basque Studies for the stitutions and the USAC Central Office staff. mote scholarly research in Basque studies thousands of people’s lives who have been A reception in honor of the meeting partici- and to promote the international network- touched by exchanges, visiting scholars, and pants was hosted by Bill Cathey, UNR Vice ing of Basque scholars. The award is pre- programs focusing on the Basques. Provost and a USAC Director. Also attending sented annually to a specialist in Basque Studies, chosen on the basis of contributions to the field and record of scholarly Superior General of Carmelite achievement. The scholar remains at the Order visits CBS Center for Basque Studies for an academic year. While at the University of Nevada, The Father Superior General of the world Fr. Arostegui gave a special mass at the Car- Reno, the awardee completes research for a Carmelite Order, Luis Arostegui, visited the melite Mission in Reno, where CBS faculty book to be published in the CBS’ Douglass Basque Library and the Center for Basque and visiting scholars participated and sang Distinguished Scholar Series. Studies on November 17. Fr. Arostegui, born liturgical pieces in Euskera. He gave special in Gatika, Bizkaia is the spiritual leader and mention and blessings to the world’s migrants Dr. Ibarra is accompanied by his wife, is based in Rome. He traveled to Reno with because of the difficulties they encounter in Carmen Oriol, a retired child psychologist. Fr. Stephen Watson, and Brother Roger Larre, new countries, and pointed to the Basques of They are the first Douglass scholars to oc- originally of Lapurdi, in order to meet the the United States as exemplary in maintaining cupy the house donated by William Doug- staff of the Basque programs at UNR, includ- their ethnic identity, family and cultural ties. lass, to serve as a visiting scholar residence ing Dr. Carmelo Urza of USAC. (see related story on page 6).

10 Center for Basque Studies Newsletter Curiosity + Adventure + Knowledge = Study Abroad in the Basque Country

Where will it take YOU? With 25 years of experience and roots in the Basque Country, you can be sure you have someone to turn to for quality study abroad programs. The University Studies Abroad Consortium sends over 2,300 students abroad each year on USAC programs. Students from over 700 universities worldwide have participated in these accredited academic programs. Enrollment is on the rise as more students recognize the importance and benefits of a study abroad experience. Don’t miss this opportunity—get your application in early!

USAC students hiking in Plenzia, near San Sebastián, Spain.

Pau, France San Sebastián, Spain French Studies Spanish and Basque Studies Fall 2007: September–December Fall 2007: August–December Spring 2008: January–April Spring 2008: January–May Summer 2007: June session (5 weeks), July session (4 weeks) Summer 2007: June session (5 weeks), July session (4 weeks)

Courses offered: Intensive French language, literature, Courses offered: Intensive Spanish and Basque language, culture, cuisine, history, internship, government and politics, culture, art history, dance, cuisine, cinema, history, Camino de photography, Camino de Santiago, and more. Santiago, and more. Field Trips: Paris, Pyrénées, Bordeaux, Mauvezin, Toulouse, Field Trips: Madrid, Burgos, French and Spanish Basque French and Spanish Basque Country. Country. Lodging: Homestays or university residence halls. Lodging: Homestays or apartments.

Bilbao/Getxo, Spain Spanish, Basque, and International Business Studies NEW! Camino de Santiago Field Study in July 2007 Fall 2007: August–December (1 credit): Pau, France; Alicante, Madrid, San Sebastián, Spain. Spring 2008: January–May Students will examine the history and culture associated with New! Summer 2007: June session (3 weeks), July session (3 the famous pilgrimage that dates from the Middle Ages. Class- weeks) room sessions during July and the 60-mile hike itself will be the two components of this unique field study. Breakfast, picnic Courses offered: Intensive Spanish and Basque language, lunch, and lodging are included in the additional fee of $720. culture, international business, economics, art history, internship, dance, cuisine, political science, and more. Field Trips: Madrid, Burgos, French and Spanish Basque University Studies Abroad Consortium Country. University of Nevada, Reno / 323 Lodging: Homestays or apartments. Reno, NV 89557 Toll-free: 866.404.USAC Phone: 775.784.6569 Fax: 775.784.6010 Email: [email protected] Web site: http://usac.unr.edu

USAC offers 37 programs in 25 countries: Australia, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Ghana, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, and Thailand.

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Visit our web site at: http://basque.unr.edu Publications from the Center

Bernardo Atxaga: Basque Literature from Global Vasconia: Essays on the Basque ancestral cultural heritage and New-World the End of the Franco Era to the Present, by Diaspora, by William A. Douglass. ethnic identity with their overall persona Jon Kortazar; translator, Kristin Addis. ISBN: ISBN: 978-1-877802-67-6, hardcover, as both products and citizens of the host 978-1-877802-42-3, paper, $19.95. Center $29.95. Basque Diaspora and Migration Stud- society. In his multiple analyses of identity for Basque Studies Occasional Papers Series, ies Series, No. 3. maintenance and formation, Douglass relates no. 11. the Basque experience to the key theoreti- A collection of essays by anthropologist Wil- cal concerns of the interdisciplinary fields of This work presents a history of Basque liam A. Douglass on Basques in the diasporas migration studies, ethnic studies, and diaspora literature in the last years of the Franco of Australia, Latin America, and the U.S.A. studies, as well dictatorship, following through the transi- Over the past four decades William A. Dou- as those within tion (post-Franco) period to the modern era. glass has studied emigration his own disci- Focusing on noted Basque from the European Basque pline of social author Bernardo Atxaga, homeland to several countries anthropology. it includes biographical of North and South America, and bibliographical details as well as Australia. The pres- We appreciate along with an analysis ent work compiles nineteen funding for our of his work covering the of his essays, many of which publications Avant-Garde period (1976– were instrumental in defining provided by the 1978), a period of “child- the field of Basque diaspora Government hood memories” (1979– studies. Several pieces docu- of the Basque 1988) during which he wrote ment historical developments Autonomous the internationally acclaimed within particular Basque Community. work Obabakoak, and the diasporas around the world; Center for Realist Period (1988–1995). others treat them in compara- Basque Studies The text concludes with an tive perspective. There is also publications are distributed by the University in-depth commentary on concern with the challenges to of Nevada Press. Please order via their toll- Atxaga’s 2002 publication, Soinujolearen semea their self-awareness as individual Basque free line at 877.NVBOOKS (877.682.6657), (The Accordion Player’s Son). diasporans seek to reconcile their Old-World or online at www.nvbooks.nevada.edu.