CAMBIAMENTI DEMOGRAFICI NELLE ALPI Relazione Sullo Stato Delle Alpi

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CAMBIAMENTI DEMOGRAFICI NELLE ALPI Relazione Sullo Stato Delle Alpi CAMBIAMENTI DEMOGRAFICI NELLE ALPI Relazione sullo stato delle Alpi CONVENZIONE DELLE ALPI Segnali alpini - Edizione speciale 5 IMPRINT Editore: Segretariato permanente della Convenzione delle Alpi www.alpconv.org [email protected] Sede: Herzog-Friedrich-Strasse 15 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria Sede distaccata: Viale Druso-Drususallee 1 I-39100 Bolzano-Bozen Italia Impaginazione: De Poli & Cometto - Belluno - Italia Stampa: Stampatori della Marca - Castelfranco Veneto - Italia Traduzioni: INTRALP Foto di copertina: T. Borghetti - Archivio del Servizio Foreste e Fauna della Provincia Autonoma di Trento © Segretariato permanente della Convenzione delle Alpi, 2015 ISBN 9788897500162 CAMBIAMENTI DEMOGRAFICI NELLE ALPI RELAZIONE SULLO STATO DELLE ALPI CONVENZIONE DELLE ALPI SEGNALI ALPINI - EDIZIONE SPECIALE 5 2 CONVENZIONE DELLE ALPI | CAMBIAMENTI DEMOGRAFICI NELLE ALPI La presente relazione è stata approvata dalla XIII Conferenza delle Alpi riunitasi a Torino il 21 novembre 2014. La preparazione della relazione è stata coordinata dalla Presidenza italiana del gruppo di esperti ad hoc, in cooperazione con il Segretariato permanente della Convenzione delle Alpi. Il testo è stato redatto dalla Presidenza italiana del gruppo di esperti ad hoc e dai suoi membri, con il coordinamento del Segretariato permanente. La relazione contiene diverse analisi tematiche i cui autori sono menzionati direttamente nel testo. Vari progetti di Cooperazione Territoriale Europea hanno contribuito alla preparazione del testo e alla raccolta delle buone pratiche; questi progetti sono riportati in dettaglio nei ringraziamenti che seguono. Le cartografie sono state realizzate dall’Istituto per lo sviluppo regionale e il management del territorio dell’EURAC - Accademia Europea di Bolzano. La relazione si basa sui risultati preliminari del Gruppo di lavoro della Convenzione delle Alpi su Demografia e occupazione. Coordinamento del Gruppo di esperti ad hoc Presidenza ISTAT, Istituto nazionale di statistica italiano (Saverio Gazzelloni) Segretariato permanente della Convenzione delle Alpi (Simona Vrevc, Marianna Elmi) Membri del Gruppo di esperti ad hoc Austria Umweltbundesamt (Andreas Bartel) (Agenzia austriaca per l’ambiente, l’uso del suolo e la biosicurezza) Statistik Austria (Peter A. Rumpolt) (Istituto nazionale di statistica austriaco) Francia Direction régionale de l’INSEE Rhône-Alpes, Lyon (Jerome Harnois, Pascal Oger) (Direzione regionale dell’INSEE Rodano-Alpi, Lione) Italia ISTAT, Istituto nazionale di statistica italiano (Mauro Albani, Giorgia Capacci, Angela Ferruzza, Antonella Guarneri) Eurac Research, Segreteria tecnico-scientifica della Presidenza italiana della Convenzione delle Alpi (Andrea Bianchini, Raffaele Vergnani) European School of Economics, Segreteria tecnico-scientifica della Presidenza italiana della Convenzione delle Alpi(Luca Cetara) Liechtenstein Amt für Umweltschutz (Hanspeter Eberle) (Ufficio per la tutela dell’ambiente) CONVENZIONE DELLE ALPI | CAMBIAMENTI DEMOGRAFICI NELLE ALPI 3 Slovenia Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor (Blanka Bartol) (Ministero per l’ambiente e la pianificazione territoriale) Statistični urad Republike Slovenije (Barica Razpotnik, Mojca Merc, Simona Klasinc) (Ufficio Statistico della Repubblica di Slovenia) Osservatori del gruppo di esperti ad hoc CIPRA Italia – Associazione Dislivelli (Federica Corrado) ISCAR e Institut für Interdisziplinäre Gebirgsforschung (IGF) Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW) (Oliver Bender) (Comitato scientifico internazionale sulla ricerca alpina e Istituto per la ricerca interdisciplinare sulle aree montane dell’Accademia austriaca delle scienze) Altre istituzioni e persone che hanno contribuito alla Relazione Per la stesura della relazione, gli autori hanno fatto ricorso a dati, alla relativa elaborazione e a buone pratiche. Uno speciale ringraziamento va a: I Focal Point della Convenzione delle Alpi ISTAT, Istituto nazionale di statistica italiano (Alessandra Battisti, Alessandra Burgio, Alessandro Cimbelli, Carlo Lucarelli, Matteo Mazziotta, Laura Murianni, Giulia Milan, Stefano Tersigni, Enrico Tucci) Statistik Austria (Erika Baldaszti, Gernot Katzlberger, Alexander Wisbauer) (Istituto nazionale di statistica austriaco) Accademia Europea di Bolzano (EURAC research) – Istituto per lo sviluppo regionale e il management del territorio (Elisa Ravazzoli, Anna Scuttari, Thomas Streifeneder) Lo staff della Presidenza italiana della Convenzione delle Alpi (Martina Lauretti, Claudia Ricci) Segretariato permanente della Convenzione delle Alpi (Vera Bornemann, Gilles Chomat, Taja Ferjančič Lakota, Giulia Gaggia, Charlène Lagarde, Gregor Lanzinger, Pauline Kaltenbach) CIPRA Italia – Associazione Dislivelli (Roberto Canu, Erwin Durbiano) Università di Torino (Pier Paolo Viazzo) Università di Parma (Fabio Sforzi) AEA, Agenzia europea dell’ambiente La rete di Progetti di Cooperazione Territoriale Europea: ADAPT2DC (Nuria Mignone) ALIAS (Natalia Allegretti) CAPACITIES (Guido Baschenis, Ermenegildo Del Degan, Janez Nared, Paolo Zeppetella) COMUNIS (Miriam Laura Weiß) DEMOCHANGE (Nuria Mignone, Emanuela Dutto, Erich Giordano) DIAMONT (Caroline Pecher, Janez Nared) HELPS (Matteo Apuzzo) NATHCARE (Natalia Allegretti) OPEN-ALPS (Antonio Ballarin Denti, Chiara Gandini) PADIMA (Maria Grazia Pedrana, Massimo Bardea) PUSEMOR (Massimo Bardea) RE-TURN (Nuria Mignone) 4 CONVENZIONE DELLE ALPI | CAMBIAMENTI DEMOGRAFICI NELLE ALPI Uno speciale ringraziamento per il contributo attivo apportato dal Gruppo di lavoro Demografia e occupazione Presidenza Università di Torino (Pier Paolo Viazzo) Segretariato permanente della Convenzione delle Alpi (Wolfger Mayrhofer) Austria Statistik Austria (Stephan Marik-Lebeck) (Istituto nazionale di statistica) Germania STMWIVT – Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft, Infrastruktur, Verkehr und Technologie (Reinhold Koch) (Ministero bavarese per l’economia, le infrastrutture, i trasporti e la tecnologia) Italia Eurac research, delegazione italiana della Convenzione delle Alpi (Andrea Bianchini, Eleonora Cerutti, Luca Cetara, Raffaele Vergnani) Slovenia Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor (Blanka Bartol) (Ministero per l’ambiente e la pianificazione territoriale) Statistični urad Republika Slovenija (Barica Razpotnik) (Ufficio di statistica della Repubblica di Slovenia) Svizzera Bundesamt für Raumentwicklung / Office fédéral du développement territorial / Ufficio federale dello sviluppo territoriale ARE (Christian Wirz) (UFFICIO FEDERALE DELLO SVILUPPO TERRITORIALE) Osservatori ISCAR e Institut für Interdisziplinäre Gebirgsforschung (IGF) Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW) (Oliver Bender, Sigrun Kanitscheider) (Comitato scientifico internazionale sulla ricerca alpina e Istituto per la ricerca interdisciplinare sulle arre montane dell’Accademia austriaca delle scienze) CONVENZIONE DELLE ALPI | CAMBIAMENTI DEMOGRAFICI NELLE ALPI 5 ACRONIMI AEA Agenzia Europea dell’Ambiente CA Convenzione delle Alpi CIPRA Commission Internationale pour la Protection des Alpes (Commissione Internazionale per la Protezione delle Alpi) ESPON European Spatial Planning Observatory Network (Rete di osservazione europea sulla pianificazione territoriale) ETC European Territorial Cooperation (Cooperazione Territoriale Europea) GECT Gruppo Europeo di Cooperazione Territoriale INSEE Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (Istituto nazionale di statistica e studi economici) INTERREG Interregional Cooperation Programme (Programma di cooperazione interregionale) ISCAR International Scientific Commitee on Research in the Alps (Comitato scientifico internazionale ricerca alpina) LAU Local Administrative Units (Nomenclatura delle unità amministrative locali) LEADER Liason entre les Actions de Développment de l’Economie Rurale (Collegamento fra azioni di sviluppo dell’economia rurale) NUTS Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques (Nomenclatura delle unità territoriali a fini statistici) 6 CONVENZIONE DELLE ALPI | CAMBIAMENTI DEMOGRAFICI NELLE ALPI PREFAZIONI Le valli alpine ci appaiono oggi come un paesaggio plasmato da secoli di insediamento e attività dell’uomo, da popolazioni che hanno vissuto e vivono in un rapporto simbiotico con l’ambiente montano, composto da risorse naturali ed elementi che costituiscono una base solida per l’economia territoriale, ma anche un contesto spesso non agevole in cui vivere. La dimensione e la struttura della popolazione, e le dinamiche demografiche ad esse connesse, hanno dovuto fronteggiare significativi cambiamenti nel corso del XX secolo. Da un lato, molte aree sono state caratterizzate da fenomeni migratori e di spopolamento consistenti, mentre altre zone hanno visto significativi incrementi nel numero di abitanti e un’urbanizzazione crescente del territorio. È sicuramente compito della Convenzione delle Alpi e dei Paesi contraenti non assistere inerti a questi cambiamenti ma, anzi, creare le condizioni per governare tali processi, tutelare il territorio alpino e la sua vivibilità. Per gestire un territorio occorre innanzi tutto conoscere le dimensioni e le ragioni di questi cambiamenti, le forze che li muovono e le buone prassi per affrontarli. Con questa Relazione, per la quale l’Italia ha presieduto i lavori di analisi e redazione, è nostra intenzione dotare i decisori politici alpini del know-how necessario per confrontarsi con i cambiamenti demografici, con le cause che li influenzano e con le loro conseguenze. Barbara Degani Sottosegretario al Ministero dell’ambiente e della tutela del territorio
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