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Collaborating with Local Authorities to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Ghana’S Cocoa

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Collaborating with Local Authorities to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Ghana’S Cocoa Collaborating with Local Authorities to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Ghana’s cocoa. The case of Yen Daakye (YDK) Project, Ghana Community driven initiatives for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour and forced adult labour in the cocoa industry through a child-centred development approach. A collaborative effort by the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI), Participatory Development Associates (PDA) Ltd and seven district-based implementing partners. Prepared by: Participatory Development Associates (PDA) February, 2012 Please note, the views and opinions expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) About the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) Established in 2002, the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) emerged from the 2001 Harkin/Engel Protocol as a non-profit Foundation that would support the cocoa sector to address the problem of child and forced labour in the cocoa supply-chain. ICI was set up as a multi-stakeholder initiative (MSI), harnessing the energies and expertise of the chocolate and cocoa industry, of civil society, and of governments in cocoa-producing nations, to bring about positive change in agricultural labour practices and in the elimination of child labour. Supported by individual chocolate and cocoa companies, ICI is led by a Board composed equally of industry and civil society (NGO) representatives. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) is an advisor to the Board. ICI’s programme is nationally driven and community centred, ensuring an approach based on actual local conditions and creating a way for each country and community to guide its own future. www.cocoainitiative.org About Participatory Development Associates (PDA) Ltd PDA aims to support processes of empowerment and self-determination in communities, organisations and individuals through facilitation, training, research and consultancy. It is a private limited liability company (registration no. C-95,118) founded in 2001. PDA is based in Ghana, with its main office in Kumasi and a sub-office in Accra. PDA uses a broad range of methodologies, most of which enable a high degree of participation and interactive, experiential learning. PDA works with government, non-governmental and private organisations, as well as multilateral and bilateral organisations. www.pdaghana.com Acknowledgements The Yen Daakye (YDK) project is an International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) project implemented by various local NGOs under the coordination of Participatory Development Associate. The ICI/YDK project has been implemented by the following NGOs (implementing partners) Hope for Humanity (HFH), New Edubiase, Support for Community Programmes and Project (SCMPP), Daboase, Community Development Consult (Codesult) Asankragwa. Much appreciation goes to Tony Dogbe and the PDA team for their passion, dedication and insight in designing the process and implementing it successfully. To the ICI/YDK beneficiary districts, communities and 2 individuals who have wholeheartedly participated in tackling child labour in the cocoa sector within Ghana we say thank you for the effort. Executive Summary ICI/YDK was a pilot project implemented in 2004 in 24 cocoa communities as a community-driven intervention for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour and forced labour in the cocoa sector. It was established in direct response to the international attention on child labour in the West African cocoa sector. It was a collaboration between the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI), PDA as its coordinating agency in Ghana and three district implementing partners, namely Hope for Humanity in New Edubiase, Community Development Consult (Codesult) in Asankragwa, and Support for Community Mobilisation Project/Programme (SCMPP) in Daboase. The project was successfully scaled up in 2007 and implemented in 138 communities in six districts namely, Wassa Amenfi West, Mpohor Wassa East, Sefwi Wiawso, Sefwi Akontombra, and Wassa Amenfi East Districts which are all in the Western Region of Ghana and Adansi South District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. YDK aimed to bring about a change in the lives of children in the cocoa sector in Ghana. The project did not only eliminate child labour in cocoa but all other forms of child labour through the integrated based approach. This document explores how the project collaborated with local authorities and reviews its effectiveness in the elimination of worst forms of child labour. It also captures the experiences and lessons learnt during the initial years of ICI work in Ghana. 3 Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 5 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 6 2.0 Rational for collaborating with local authorities ........................................................................ 6 3.0 Local Governance in Ghana ........................................................................................................ 8 3.1 Local Government administration .......................................................................................... 8 3.2 Traditional Authorities alongside Government Authorities ................................................... 9 4.0 Processes of engagement ......................................................................................................... 10 4.1 District and community entry and other introductory meetings ......................................... 10 4.2 Capacity building of local authorities .................................................................................... 12 4.3 Community Action Planning (CAP) process .......................................................................... 13 4.4. Quarterly briefing with District Assemblies .......................................................................... 13 4.5 Engagement with other government bodies, NGOs and Projects ........................................ 14 5.0 Results of the collaboration with local authorities ................................................................... 14 5.1 Active participation and support of community chiefs and elders ....................................... 14 5.2 Support from local government authorities at the district level .......................................... 16 5.3 Collaboration with other NGOs and CSR initiatives in the districts ...................................... 18 6.0 Challenges ................................................................................................................................. 18 6.1 The eroding powers of traditional authorities ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.2 Constraints faced by local government representatives at the community and area council levels 18 6.3 Constraints faced by government representatives at the district and regional level .... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.0 Lessons Learnt ........................................................................................................................... 19 4 Acronyms and Abbreviations BECE Basic Education Certificate Examination CAP Community Action Plan CCPC Community-based Child Protection Committee CDD Community Driven Development CHRAJ Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice COCOBOD Ghana Cocoa Board CODESULT Community Development Consult CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child DCD Department of Community Development DA District Assembly DSW Department of Social Welfare EFA Education For All FAL Forced Adult Labour FFS Farmer Field School GD Group Discussion GES Ghana Education Services GLORI Global Reform Initiative HACOG Help Advance Community Goal HFH Hope for Humanity ICI International Cocoa Initiative ILO International Labour Organization JHS Junior High School KG Kindergarten MESW Ministry of Employment and Social Welfare MOFA Ministry of Food and Agriculture NCCE National Commission on Civic Education NGO Non-Governmental Organisation PDA Participatory Development Associates PLA Participatory Learning Approach PROMAG Projects Planning and Management Network PTA Parent Teacher Association RECA Rural Environmental Care Association SCMPP Support for Community Mobilization Programme/Project SLF Save Life For All Foundation SMC School Management Committee SSI Semi Structured Interviews WFCL Worst Forms of Child Labour YDK Yen Daakye 5 1.0 Introduction In the year 2000, there was an increased concern at the international level on the involvement of children in labour related activities especially on children’s time and energy, which may be injurious to their health, education and development. The chocolate industry and cocoa sector was one of the focuses of the global attention. In the year 2001, cocoa industry representatives agreed and signed the “Harkin – Engel protocol” to eliminate the worst form of child labour in the growing and process of cocoa beans. As part of that commitment, the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) was established to bring about change in cocoa growing communities. To achieve this objective, ICI developed the Yen Daakye (Our Future) project which was coordinated by Participatory Development Associates (PDA) and implemented by local NGOs’. The Project aimed to facilitate community-driven initiatives to eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour (WFCL) in the cocoa sector
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