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Antelope Consulting the Potential for ENUM in Qatar

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Antelope Consulting the Potential for ENUM in Qatar Antelope Consulting The potential for ENUM in Qatar Antelope Consulting [email protected] http://www.antelope.org.uk September 2013 Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Purposes of ENUM .............................................................................................. 3 1.3 Functions of ENUM .............................................................................................. 5 2 Operations of ENUM ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Overall view ......................................................................................................... 7 2.2 The ENUM representation of phone numbers ...................................................... 8 2.3 The DNS identification of communication services and end points ....................... 8 3 Variants of ENUM ....................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Forms of ENUM ................................................................................................. 11 3.2 Alternative domains for ENUM ........................................................................... 12 3.3 Other ways of finding communication services and end points ........................... 14 4 Administration of ENUM .............................................................................................. 15 4.1 The domain hierarchy......................................................................................... 15 4.2 International authorities ...................................................................................... 15 4.3 The organisation hierarchy ................................................................................. 16 4.4 Customer interfaces ........................................................................................... 18 5 Experience with ENUM ............................................................................................... 19 5.1 Trial systems ...................................................................................................... 19 5.2 Production systems ............................................................................................ 22 6 Findings about ENUM ................................................................................................. 27 6.1 The perspective on user ENUM ......................................................................... 27 6.2 Security of contact details .................................................................................. 27 6.3 Quantity and quality of contact details ................................................................ 29 6.4 Limitations of phone numbers as individual identities ......................................... 30 6.5 Contributions to competition ............................................................................... 31 6.6 Effects on numbering ......................................................................................... 34 6.7 The perspective on carrier ENUM ...................................................................... 35 7 Networks in Qatar ....................................................................................................... 37 7.1 Current developments ........................................................................................ 37 7.2 Number portability .............................................................................................. 39 7.3 Broadband connectivity ...................................................................................... 40 8 Possibilities for trials in Qatar ...................................................................................... 41 8.1 Status of ENUM ................................................................................................. 41 8.2 Implications for trials........................................................................................... 41 Antelope Consulting 1 8.3 One trial in more detail ....................................................................................... 45 9 Numbering in Qatar ..................................................................................................... 51 9.1 The current national numbering plan .................................................................. 51 9.2 Distinctions between service types in phone numbers........................................ 51 9.3 Expectations from location information in phone numbers .................................. 52 9.4 Over the top multimedia communications ........................................................... 53 9.5 Machine-to-machine communications ................................................................ 54 10 Conclusions for Qatar .................................................................................................. 56 10.1 Recommendations about ENUM ........................................................................ 56 10.2 Considerations for numbering ............................................................................ 56 10.3 Considerations for next generation networks ...................................................... 57 Annex 1 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... 58 Annex 2 Questions to the network operators in Qatar ...................................................... 60 Antelope Consulting 2 1 Introduction 1.1 Scope The Supreme Council for Information and Communications Technology ('ictQATAR') aims to provide policies taking account of international developments and service demand in Qatar. This report is intended to assist in doing this for the specific case of ENUM. ENUM is intended to be used in mapping phone numbers to communication services and end points (which are usually located in traditional telephony networks or IP networks). The phone numbers are expected to be E.164 numbers, which conform with the international E.164 standard for use in public telephony. There could be other ways of mapping them to communication services and end points, but ENUM is the one that has attracted most attention from standards organisations. Though it is not very difficult to understand, it raises various questions about commercial strategy and regulatory policy. These questions are considered in this report. It has the following sections, most of which are relevant to countries besides Qatar: Operations of ENUM. Variants of ENUM. Administration of ENUM. Experience with ENUM. Findings about ENUM. Networks in Qatar. Possibilities for trials in Qatar. Numbering in Qatar. Recommendations for Qatar. The report also includes the following annexes: Abbreviations. Questions to the network operators in Qatar. The replies by the network operators to the questions are used to inform the discussion in this report but are not quoted. 1.2 Purposes of ENUM Networks depend on the Internet Protocol (IP) to an increasing extent, even when their users have traditional phones, with phone numbers. If phone numbers are to be used in IP networks, they must be mapped to IP addresses (for call destinations or for gateways into other networks). ENUM can assist with performing this mapping. There are also ways of performing the mapping without the assistance of ENUM (such as using internal routing data bases in call servers), which are outlined in Section 3.3‎ . ENUM works with the Domain Name System (DNS) of IP networks to map phone numbers to communication services and end points. In fact, it can map each phone number to several communication services (such as making voice calls and sending text messages), with different end points, ranked by preference. A communication service and end point can then be chosen according to the preference rankings and the capabilities of the equipment originating the communication. The end point chosen does not usually include an IP address, Antelope Consulting 3 but a further use of DNS can find an IP address for the end point before the communication proceeds. The way in which ENUM works with DNS is illustrated in Figure 1 and Box 1, in which: ENUM represents a phone number as a domain name. DNS identifies, for each such domain name, communication services and end points ranked by preference. The 'originating equipment' and 'terminating equipment' might be user terminals or network equipment capable of processing the signalling; for instance, the originating equipment or terminating equipment might comprise a Private Branch eXchange (PBX) or a gateway into another network. The DNS server might, but need not, be in the same network as the originating equipment, but the stringent reliability and latency constraints normally envisaged in public telephony networks could be difficult to meet if the DNS server were on the public Internet. If the originating equipment does not use ENUM, it instead maps phone numbers to IP addresses by referring to data held by itself or other servers; again those servers might, but need not, be in the same network as the originating equipment. Figure 1 The role of ENUM in setting up a communication phone number originating domain name DNS server equipment communication services and end points with preferences of number
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