DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Date 07/10/2021 16:12:25

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download Date 07/10/2021 16:12:25 Oriental influences in the piano music of Claude Achille Debussy. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Schmitz, Michael David. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 16:12:25 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187118 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript ,has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissenation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete mannscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI4S106-1346 USA 313f761-47oo 800:521-0600 ORIENTAL INFLUENCES IN 1HE PIANO MUSIC OF CLAUDE ACHILLE DEBUSSY by Michael David Schmitz A Document Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirmenets For the Degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS WITH A MAJOR IN PERFORMANCE In the Graduate College TIlE UNIVERSI1Y OF APJZONA 1 995 OM! Number: 9531137 OMI Microform 9531137 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17. United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the document prepared by Michael David Schmitz entitled Oriental Influences in the Piano Music of Claude Achille Debussy and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the requirements for Doctor of Husical Arts ,,,,2:1 .{tedC t! /7\./ Date ?/&/?S:- Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this document is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the document to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this document prepared under my that it be accepted as fulfilling the /,' / I Y DireJior o-raula Fan Date 3 Statement by Author This document has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the School of Music or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the ,utpor. ( / /' j~ ( , / I- I 'I '.,.---t7 Signoo fUr ;{)jj 4/ 11# ---------_ .. _---------------- 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................... 6 II. ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... 11 III. INTRODU'CTION .......................................................................................... 12 IV. BIOGRAPHy .................................................................................................. 15 FORMATIVE YEARS ........................................................................... 15 "LE JAPONISME" ................................................................................ 21 V. MUSIC AT THE GREAT EXPOSITIONS .......................................... 27 THE ANNAMITE EXHIBIT OF 1889 ......................................... 27 THE JAVANESE EXHIBITS OF 1889 & 1900 ..................... 29 MUSIC OF VIETNAM ......................................................................... 34 MUSIC OF jAVA................................................................................... 44 WHAT DEBUSSY DID NOT HEAR ................................................ 59 VI. SPECIFIC MUSICAL ELEMENTS ....................................................... 62 SUBJECTS AND TITLES .................................................................... 62 NON-WESTERN SCALES ................................................................... 67 FORMS .. :...................................................................................................... 79 TIMBRES AND TEXTURES ............................................................... 81 VII. ORIENTAL ASPECTS IN DEBUSSY'S PIANO WORKS ........... 91 FANTASIE ................................................................................................ 91 DANSE ........................................................................................................ 98 NO-jA-LI. ................................................................................................. 104 SUITE BERGAMASQUE..................................................................... 106 REVERIE......................... ,........................................................................... 107 DEVELOPMENT OF STYLE .............................................................. 112 POUR LE PIANO ................................................................................... 113 "Prelude" ........................................................................................... 115 "Sarabande" .................................................................................... 121 "Toccata" ........................................................................................... 125 "PAGODES" ............................................................................................... 131 D'UN CAHIER D'ESQUISSES........................................................... 137 MASQUES ..................................................................... "........................... 142 IMAGES, BOOK 1.................................................................................. 144 "Reflet dans l'eau" ..................................................................... 144 "Hommage a Rameau" .............................................................. 146 "Mouvement" ................................................................................. 148 IMAGES, BOOK /1. ............................................................................... 149 "Cloches a travers les feuilles" ......................................... 151 "Et la lune descend sur la temple qui fut" .............. 157 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Con tin ued CHILDREN'S CORNER ......................................................................... 160 "Jimbo's Lullaby" ........................................................................ 161 "Serenade of the Doll" ............................................................. 163 "Snow is Dancing" ....................................................................... 167 PRELUDES ................................................................................................ 170 "Voiles" .............................................................................................. 170 "Le vent dans la plaine" ........................................................ 171 "Ce qu'a vu Ie vent d'ouest?" ............................................. 175 "La Cathedrale engloutie" ..................................................... 179 "La fille aux cheveux de lin" .............................................. 182 "Canope" ............................................................................................ 183 "La Terrasse des audience du clair de lune" .......... 185 SIX EPIGRAPHS ANTIQUES.......................................................... 191 ETUDES ............................................................ " ........ 0 ............................... 192 "Etude III-Pour les quatres" .............................................. 194 "Etude V-Pour les octaves" ................................................. 199 "Etude VII-Pour les degres chromatiques" ............. 201 VIII. CONCLUSION................................................................................................. 202 IX. REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 204 BOOKS AND ARTICLES
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 4. Non-Heptatonic Modes
    Tagg: Everyday Tonality II — 4. Non‐heptatonic modes 151 4. Non‐heptatonic modes If modes containing seven different scale degrees are heptatonic, eight‐note modes are octatonic, six‐note modes hexatonic, those with five pentatonic, while four‐ and three‐note modes are tetratonic and tritonic. Now, even though the most popular pentatonic modes are sometimes called ‘gapped’ because they contain two scale steps larger than those of the ‘church’ modes of Chapter 3 —doh ré mi sol la and la doh ré mi sol, for example— they are no more incomplete FFBk04Modes2.fm. 2014-09-14,13:57 or empty than the octatonic start to example 70 can be considered cluttered or crowded.1 Ex. 70. Vigneault/Rochon (1973): Je chante pour (octatonic opening phrase) The point is that the most widespread convention for numbering scale degrees (in Europe, the Arab world, India, Java, China, etc.) is, as we’ve seen, heptatonic. So, when expressions like ‘thirdless hexatonic’ occur in this chapter it does not imply that the mode is in any sense deficient: it’s just a matter of using a quasi‐global con‐ vention to designate a particular trait of the mode. Tritonic and tetratonic Tritonic and tetratonic tunes are common in many parts of the world, not least in traditional music from Micronesia and Poly‐ nesia, as well as among the Māori, the Inuit, the Saami and Native Americans of the great plains.2 Tetratonic modes are also found in Christian psalm and response chanting (ex. 71), while the sound of children chanting tritonic taunts can still be heard in playgrounds in many parts of the world (ex.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Intermediate-Level Solo Piano Music Of
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2005 Selected intermediate-level solo piano music of Enrique Granados: a pedagogical analysis Harumi Kurihara Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Music Commons Recommended Citation Kurihara, Harumi, "Selected intermediate-level solo piano music of Enrique Granados: a pedagogical analysis" (2005). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3242. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3242 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. SELECTED INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL SOLO PIANO MUSIC OF ENRIQUE GRANADOS: A PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS A Monograph Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in The School of Music by Harumi Kurihara B.M., Loyola University, New Orleans, 1993 M.M.,University of New Orleans, 1997 August, 2005 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my major professor, Professor Victoria Johnson for her expert advice, patience, and commitment to my monograph. Without her help, I would not have been able to complete this monograph. I am also grateful to my committee members, Professors Jennifer Hayghe, Michael Gurt, and Jeffrey Perry for their interest and professional guidance in making this monograph possible. I must also recognize the continued encouragement and support of Professor Constance Carroll who provided me with exceptional piano instruction throughout my doctoral studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Brahms and the Changing Piano
    The Aesthetics of Textural Ambiguity: Brahms and the Changing Piano Augustus Arnone The thought beneath so slight a film Is more distinctly seen As laces just reveal the surge Or Mists the Apennine -Emily Dickinson Introduction In recent years, a number of performance practice scholars writing on Brahms's piano music have commented on the prominence of low-lying melodic lines, thickly-written accompaniments, and often dense saturation of the lower register.! For such writers these textural features constitute proof that Brahms could not have intended performance on the modern piano. Firms such as Steinway, Bechstein, and Chickering were manufacturing pianos by the early 1860s, roughly the midpoint of Brahms's life, that already exhibited most of the important design innovations that distinguish modern pianos from earlier ones, and these firms enjoyed enormous success across Europe.2 Performance practice scholars have argued that the increased power and sustain of these pianos create irreparable problems of balance and clarity in much of Brahms's music, implying that he was writing for the lighter and more transparent instruments that predate the modern piano, many of which were still manufactured up until the end of the century. The view that low-lying melodies and densely packed textures in the lower register present an undesirable muddiness on the modern piano was already being elaborated towards the end of the nineteenth century. During the last decades of Brahms's life, several treatises appeared elucidating the fundamental principles of what they proclaimed to be the "modern school of pianoforte playing." Three treatises in particular, those by Hans Schmitt (1893), Aleksandr Nikitich Bukhovtsev (1897), and Adolph Christiani (c.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Manual Microtonal Organ Ruben Sverre Gjertsen 2013
    3 Manual Microtonal Organ http://www.bek.no/~ruben/Research/Downloads/software.html Ruben Sverre Gjertsen 2013 An interface to existing software A motivation for creating this instrument has been an interest for gaining experience with a large range of intonation systems. This software instrument is built with Max 61, as an interface to the Fluidsynth object2. Fluidsynth offers possibilities for retuning soundfont banks (Sf2 format) to 12-tone or full-register tunings. Max 6 introduced the dictionary format, which has been useful for creating a tuning database in text format, as well as storing presets. This tuning database can naturally be expanded by users, if tunings are written in the syntax read by this instrument. The freely available Jeux organ soundfont3 has been used as a default soundfont, while any instrument in the sf2 format can be loaded. The organ interface The organ window 3 MIDI Keyboards This instrument contains 3 separate fluidsynth modules, named Manual 1-3. 3 keysliders can be played staccato by the mouse for testing, while the most musically sufficient option is performing from connected MIDI keyboards. Available inputs will be automatically recognized and can be selected from the menus. To keep some of the manuals silent, select the bottom alternative "to 2ManualMicroORGANircamSpat 1", which will not receive MIDI signal, unless another program (for instance Sibelius) is sending them. A separate menu can be used to select a foot trigger. The red toggle must be pressed for this to be active. This has been tested with Behringer FCB1010 triggers. Other devices could possibly require adjustments to the patch.
    [Show full text]
  • 1J131J Alexander Boggs Ryan,, Jr., B
    omit THE PIANO STYLE OF CLAUDE DEBUSSY THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF MUSIC by 1J131J Alexander Boggs Ryan,, Jr., B. M. Longview, Texas June, 1951 19139 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . , . iv Chapter I. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PIANO AS AN INFLUENCE ON STYLE . , . , . , . , . , . ., , , 1 II. DEBUSSY'S GENERAL MUSICAL STYLE . IS Melody Harmony Non--Harmonic Tones Rhythm III. INFLUENCES ON DEBUSSY'S PIANO WORKS . 56 APPENDIX (CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 0F DEBUSSY'S COMPLETE WORKS FOR PIANO) . , , 9 9 0 , 0 , 9 , , 9 ,9 71 BIBLIOGRAPHY *0 * * 0* '. * 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 .9 76 111 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Range of the piano . 2 2. Range of Beethoven Sonata 10, No.*. 3 . 9 3. Range of Beethoven Sonata .2. 111 . , . 9 4. Beethoven PR. 110, first movement, mm, 25-27 . 10 5. Chopin Nocturne in D Flat,._. 27,, No. 2 . 11 6. Field Nocturne No. 5 in B FlatMjodr . #.. 12 7. Chopin Nocturne,-Pp. 32, No. 2 . 13 8. Chopin Andante Spianato,,O . 22, mm. 41-42 . 13 9. An example of "thick technique" as found in the Chopin Fantaisie in F minor, 2. 49, mm. 99-101 -0 --9 -- 0 - 0 - .0 .. 0 . 15 10. Debussy Clair de lune, mm. 1-4. 23 11. Chopin Berceuse, OR. 51, mm. 1-4 . 24 12., Debussy La terrasse des audiences du clair de lune, mm. 32-34 . 25 13, Wagner Tristan und Isolde, Prelude to Act I, .
    [Show full text]
  • Liner Notes (PDF)
    Debussy’s Traces Gaillard • Horszowski • Debussy Marik • Fourneau 1904 – 1983 Debussy’s Traces: Marius François Gaillard, CD II: Marik, Ranck, Horszowski, Garden, Debussy, Fourneau 1. Preludes, Book I: La Cathédrale engloutie 4:55 2. Preludes, Book I: Minstrels 1:57 CD I: 3. Preludes, Book II: La puerta del Vino 3:10 Marius-François Gaillard: 4. Preludes, Book II: Général Lavine 2:13 1. Valse Romantique 3:30 5. Preludes, Book II: Ondine 3:03 2. Arabesque no. 1 3:00 6. Preludes, Book II Homage à S. Pickwick, Esq. 2:39 3. Arabesque no. 2 2:34 7. Estampes: Pagodes 3:56 4. Ballade 5:20 8. Estampes: La soirée dans Grenade 4:49 5. Mazurka 2:52 Irén Marik: 6. Suite Bergamasque: Prélude 3:31 9. Preludes, Book I: Des pas sur la neige 3:10 7. Suite Bergamasque: Menuet 4:53 10. Preludes, Book II: Les fées sont d’exquises danseuses 8. Suite Bergamasque: Clair de lune 4:07 3:03 9. Pour le Piano: Prélude 3:47 Mieczysław Horszowski: Childrens Corner Suite: 10. Pour le Piano: Sarabande 5:08 11. Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum 2:48 11. Pour le Piano: Toccata 3:53 12. Jimbo’s lullaby 3:16 12. Masques 5:15 13 Serenade of the Doll 2:52 13. Estampes: Pagodes 3:49 14. The snow is dancing 3:01 14. Estampes: La soirée dans Grenade 3:53 15. The little Shepherd 2:16 15. Estampes: Jardins sous la pluie 3:27 16. Golliwog’s Cake walk 3:07 16. Images, Book I: Reflets dans l’eau 4:01 Mary Garden & Claude Debussy: Ariettes oubliées: 17.
    [Show full text]
  • Adapting Piano Music for Ballet: Tchaikovsky's Children's Album, Op
    Adapting Piano Music for Ballet: Tchaikovsky's Children's Album, Op. 39 Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Stavrianou, Eleni Persefoni Citation Stavrianou, Eleni Persefoni. (2021). Adapting Piano Music for Ballet: Tchaikovsky's Children's Album, Op. 39 (Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA). Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 04:39:03 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/660266 ADAPTING PIANO MUSIC FOR BALLET: TCHAIKOVSKY’S CHILDREN’S ALBUM, OP. 39 by Eleni Persefoni Stavrianou ____________________________________ Copyright © Eleni Persefoni Stavrianou 2021 A DMA Critical Essay Submitted to the Faculty of the FRED FOX SCHOOL OF MUSIC In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2021 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Doctor of Musical Arts Creative Project and Lecture-Recital Committee, we certify that we have read the Critical Essay prepared by: titled: and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the Critical Essay requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Musical Arts. _________________________________________________________________ Date: ____________ _________________________________________________________________ Date: ____________ _________________________________________________________________ Date: ____________ submission of the final copies of the essay to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this Critical Essay prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the Critical Essay requirement.
    [Show full text]
  • Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Foundation Collection [Finding Aid]
    Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Foundation Collection Guides to Special Collections in the Music Division of the Library of Congress Music Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 1980 Revised 2014 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/perform.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/eadmus.mu012012 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/2012562124 Processed by the Music Division of the Library of Congress Collection Summary Title: Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Foundation Collection Span Dates: 1894-1953 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1920-1953) Call No.: ML29 Creator: Coolidge, Elizabeth Sprague, 1864-1953 Extent: 56,680 items ; 109 containers ; 48.50 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Location: Music Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge was a composer, pianist, and patron of music. In 1925, she created the Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Foundation at the Library of Congress in support of chamber music. The collection contains Coolidge's correspondence to and from many of the prominent musical artists of the first half of the twentieth century. Extensive correspondence between Coolidge and Library of Congress librarians and administrators is also included. The remaining materials in the collection, including photographs, scrapbooks, business papers, programs, publicity materials, iconography, realia, and clippings, are available for research and will be incorporated into the finding aid at a later date. Music manuscripts of works commissioned by Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge or the Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Foundation in the Library of Congress comprise a substantial portion of the collection and are cataloged individually. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog.
    [Show full text]
  • Harmonic Structures and Their Relation to Temporal Proportion in Two String Quartets of Béla Bartók
    Harmonic structures and their relation to temporal proportion in two string quartets of Béla Bartók Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Kissler, John Michael Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 02/10/2021 22:08:34 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/557861 HARMONIC STRUCTURES AND THEIR RELATION TO TEMPORAL PROPORTION IN TWO STRING QUARTETS OF BELA BARTOK by John Michael Kissler A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of . MASTER OF MUSIC In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 8 1 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript.in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Berkeley Professors: Arthur Bliss and Albert Elkus
    N. WILLIAM SNEDDEN - ARTICLE - Two Berkeley Professors: Arthur Bliss and Albert Elkus N. William Snedden Independent 1. The Early Years in California: 1923-25 Introduction Arthur Bliss’s first visit to the USA as a young man of 31 took place in April 1923, accompanying his American father Francis, step-mother Ethel, and their children Enid, Cynthia, and Patrick. They sailed from Southampton to New York on the SS Aquitania; by coincidence Gustav Holst was also on board. Francis, aged 75, wanted to return to the place of his birth before re-settling with Ethel on the Pacific coast in Santa Barbara.1 For many years Francis had directed the Anglo-American Oil Company of John D. Rockefeller in London. Upon arrival in America the Bliss family stayed in Manhattan with Francis’s cousin Lorenzo Daniels, a wealthy merchant.2 From 1923 till 1931 Arthur journeyed to the USA on alternate years (see Table 1.1), staying with his father at 15 School House Road ‘Paradero’ in Montecito, Santa Barbara. Situated close by was ‘Casa Dorinda’, the famous 80-roomed mansion estate of William Henry Bliss (no relation), completed in 1919 and named after William’s wife Anna Dorinda Bliss (née Blaksley). The likes of Paderewski, Heifetz and Mischa Elman gave recitals there, including Arthur and the tenor Lawrence Strauss in a performance for Anna Bliss in October 1924. Francis was an avid and sophisticated art collector (as was Arthur), acquiring works by Manet and Zorn. He also held a large collection of etchings by the French painter Alphonse Legros (1837-1911) and by the ‘cowpuncher artist’ John Edward Borein (1872-1945).3 In common with H.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Guide: Area of Study 7
    Teaching guide: Area of study 7 – Art music since 1910 This resource is a teaching guide for Area of Study 7 (Art music since 1910) for our A-level Music specification (7272). Teachers and students will find explanations and examples of all the musical elements required for the Listening section of the examination, as well as examples for listening and composing activities and suggestions for further listening to aid responses to the essay questions. Glossary The list below includes terms found in the specification, arranged into musical elements, together with some examples. Melody Modes of limited transposition Messiaen’s melodic and harmonic language is based upon the seven modes of limited transposition. These scales divide the octave into different arrangements of semitones, tones and minor or major thirds which are unlike tonal scales, medieval modes (such as Dorian or Phrygian) or serial tone rows all of which can be transposed twelve times. They are distinctive in that they: • have varying numbers of pitches (Mode 1 contains six, Mode 2 has eight and Mode 7 has ten) • divide the octave in half (the augmented 4th being the point of symmetry - except in Mode 3) • can be transposed a limited number of times (Mode 1 has two, Mode 2 has three) Example: Quartet for the End of Time (movement 2) letter G to H (violin and ‘cello) Mode 3 Whole tone scale A scale where the notes are all one tone apart. Only two such scales exist: Shostakovich uses part of this scale in String Quartet No.8 (fig. 4 in the 1st mvt.) and Messiaen in the 6th movement of Quartet for the End of Time.
    [Show full text]
  • Andrián Pertout
    Andrián Pertout Three Microtonal Compositions: The Utilization of Tuning Systems in Modern Composition Volume 1 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Produced on acid-free paper Faculty of Music The University of Melbourne March, 2007 Abstract Three Microtonal Compositions: The Utilization of Tuning Systems in Modern Composition encompasses the work undertaken by Lou Harrison (widely regarded as one of America’s most influential and original composers) with regards to just intonation, and tuning and scale systems from around the globe – also taking into account the influential work of Alain Daniélou (Introduction to the Study of Musical Scales), Harry Partch (Genesis of a Music), and Ben Johnston (Scalar Order as a Compositional Resource). The essence of the project being to reveal the compositional applications of a selection of Persian, Indonesian, and Japanese musical scales utilized in three very distinct systems: theory versus performance practice and the ‘Scale of Fifths’, or cyclic division of the octave; the equally-tempered division of the octave; and the ‘Scale of Proportions’, or harmonic division of the octave championed by Harrison, among others – outlining their theoretical and aesthetic rationale, as well as their historical foundations. The project begins with the creation of three new microtonal works tailored to address some of the compositional issues of each system, and ending with an articulated exposition; obtained via the investigation of written sources, disclosure
    [Show full text]