THEI ~ ~ ~ ANDERSONSs~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~OF~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ BBy~~~~BB.SS BRAWL HAT are valuable social qualities? one C.S.I., one C.I.E., four D.S.O's, and / The question is often asked and is two M.C's; also three foreign orders. One Winnot easy to answer tersely. It is descendant has!been raised to the peerage, possible sometimes to point to a group of another created a baronet, and three have persons and to say, without fear of contra- become knights bachelor; five have been diction, "These people have valuable social awarded honorary degrees, one has been a qualities.' fellow of the Royal Society and four have been M.P's. Finally fifteen of the younger DESCENDANTS OF ALEXANDER ANDERSON generations were killed in the war, i9i4-i8. This wonderful history is befittingly re- A man died in '794. His name was corded in a private compilation, admirably Alexander Anderson. He was a miller, at produced by Mrs. A. D. Ferguson and Lt.-Col. Inverugie, , as his ancestors C. F. Anderson, had been for two .hundred years before him. of which the present writer His descendants dunng the past twenty was privileged to obtain a copy. years* have included, a chief of the Imperial Early history of Anderson family General Staff, a First Lord of the Admiralty, A an Amnbassador to the United States, a further question is often put to eugenists. of Water How does one account for valuable qualities President of the Royal Society suddenly appeanng when, if they existed at Colour Painters, a Chairman of the South all Wales Coalowners Association, a Principal in previous generations, they were Woman Factory Inspector, a Master of apparently masked? Part of the answer may Caius, a Fellow and Tutor of Balliol, a be supplied by the study of such families as Fellow of Trinity, Cambridge, a Regius this. Professor of Botany, one of the earlier women It cannot be said that there is here any M.P's, an M.P. for the City of London and history of humble origin. The great-great- a Colonel-Commandant of the Engineers. grandfather of the Alexander Anderson who In. finance, comm.erce and industry, the died in I794 was the skipper and probably record has also been noteworthy. The Orient the owner of the ship that took the fifth Line is the creation of his family; two of the Earl Marischal to Denmark to conclude the' descendants already mentioned have been marriage by proxy -of James VI and Anne chairmen of very important companies such of Denmark. as Impenral Airways, Dunlop Rubber Co., The bride was detained at Oslo by and the Rio Tinto. One of rather earlier storms. It will be remembered how the date not mentioned before died amillionaire,t ardent bridegroom became impatient and and anothera multi-millionaire. Thehonours dared the dangers of the tempest, which he won incluide two G.C.B's, two K.C.B's, two attributed to the wiles of the North Berwick C.B's,. two G.C.M.G's, one K.C.M.G. and witches at whose subsequent trial he presided three C.M.G's; .two G.B.E's, one D.B.E., with zest. On the anrival of his Royal Master two C.B.E's, four O.B.E's and one M.B.E.; the Earl Marischal was sent home. He appears to* have had warm feelings of * Lord Milne, Sir Eric Geddes, Sir Auckland Geddes, gratitude towards Anderson, with whom he Sir Kenneth Anderson, E. A. Walton, H. Bramwell, DEame Adelaide Anderson, Sir Hugh Anderson, D. C. had been associated for several months.. He Macgregor, J. C.. S.. Runciman, John -Waltoni, Lsady rewarded him with the grant of-the Mill at ;Runciman, Sir--Alan. Anderson,. Major-General .A. G. Inverugie. On a large feudal estate *Stevenson. -.. . this was ...wG. -S. 'Yuill. a valuable bequest as all the peasantry were *'4"'Chicago"'- Smith thirled to the Mill and the dues for grinding 247 248 THE EUGENICS R W their corn were onerous. This Mill remained AYchitsCt ... - ..*.* 4 ;1-.C.S. ..*. *.**. the of the Army ... .a. zg Law . -- ...... 4 in occupation family from I590 Artist ...... 33 Mdicine ...... 1 till I857. For four generations there is no Bue"s abroad of Merchant Service ... 4 record of its members straying far from many kinds ... 49 Navy ... *.. Chartered Accountant 2 Shpping ... *- 21 Peterhead. But then they began to wander. Church ... 4..4 StockExcge ... The tenth Earl Marischal and his brother Engineering...... z6 Teaching .-. ...6 .I had been concerned in the rising of I7I5 and Farming ...... 13 had fled to the Continent, where James The original family pursuits, shipping and Keith won fame as Frederick the Great's farming, continue. Business abroad of many Marshal. How this affected the Andersons, natures has made the greatest call; the if at all, is not clear. James Anderson, born services, engineering and medicine are also in I746, the eldest of his generation, and his strongly represented. A striking feature of fourth and fifth brothers took to farming in this list is that the Church and the Law Sutherland a far from Jacobite country. appear to have made little The second brother became a naval appeal. surgeon and the Mill was left to the sixth son. James settled at Rispond on Loch Women of the connection Erriboll and became factor to Lord Reay, in The women of the connection have been which post he was succeeded by his son, also notable for their public work. In looking James, and a man of note. Walter Scott through the book I found that at least forty spent two days with him at Rispond in had followed some' profession or engaged in August i8I4. Characteristically of the public work. Three were doctors of medicine. family, James was then building a ship One family had founded and run a girls' there. He combined sheep farming with school in Edinburgh; another family had shipping and traded with Germany and done the same in Glasgow. Besides the Ireland, whence he brought soil for his- principal lady factory inspector and the garden at Rispond as ballast. The family member of parliament, already mentioned, were now branching out into the world. One there were headmistresses of Birkenhead and of this James's brothers also became a naval Manchester High Schools, H.M. inspectors of surgeon and died in India. Another died in physical training at home and of schools in the West Indies. Five others received Ceylon, a professor of economics, a chief commissions in the Army; one of whom controller of the W.A.A.C. in the war, the became a Major- General and another of secretary of the council of Bedford College, whom, a Lieutenant-Colonel, took up proper- the honorary general secretary of the ty of 85,ooo acres near Melbourne. One other National Federation of Women's Institutes, of this generation should be mentioned. the holder of an air-pilot's A licence, the Alexander was a Naval Lieutenant from president of the.'Scottish Women's Hockey 1807-15. At the end of the war, wth the Association, a m.ember of the. Royal Society help of some relatives, he bought a French of Water Colour Painters, an Edinburgh prize and captainled it himself in the West town councillor, four justices of the peace, Indies trade. His London agents were .and a well-known actress who unfortunately James Thomson and Co. His nephew, James, met her death by drowning in a shipping joined this firm and became a partner. It disaster ~together with her distinguiished amalgamated with another firm and in 1878 husband. Many of those had been able to founded the Orient Company. combine-a public career w.ith matrimony and the cares of a famnily. One of the younger Professions followed by family generations has just been married to a So much for-past history. WVhat occupa- Prince of a ruling German house (if such tions have the men of the family followed? term ha now a~iy meaig). Tvhough there I have made a rough note so far as particu- have been foreign marriages before and lars are available: marriage into the n.obility, this is a new THIE: ANDERSONS OF PETERHEAD 249 departue. he strength of family tradition sterile marriages amount to under IO per is shown very strong1y in some of the cent. of all marriages, and the average size Christian names. For instce, the second of a family in 146 maariages is 4-07. This wife of James Anderson, the first of Rispond, suggests virility. Cousin marriages are not was called Fairlie Gordon. She died in infrequent. The most interesting perhaps is 1790. The name Fairlie has been borne by in the Geddes family. Their mother was an eleven of. her de cendants of very varied Anderson. So also was, their paternal surnames. grandmother, but two generations senior to Longevity their mother. We can'learn something from the record Physique regarding vital statistics and physical attri- There are certain references to physique butes. Let us take age at death; this is in therecords. For instance James Anderson, recorded where known (I have omitted the first of Rispond, was said at the age of 8o to two younger generations, most of whose be as active as a man of 30; his brother members are alive and where death has Alexander, the naval surgeon, was 6 ft. 3 in. occurred it is often attributable to the war.) in height and weighed 22 stone. James Bearing in mind how frequently the (second of Rispond) was a " very big man." members -of the family spent their life Joseph, one of his soldier brothers, who owned abroad, one must regard them as a long-lived the Mangalore Estate and called his dwelling race. More died between o0 d 8o than in at Melbourne "Fairlie" House, was 6 ft. any other decade and the deaths between 2 in. in height. A 8o and exceed cousin of James Anderson, 9o those between 50 and 6o. a Presbyterian minister at Morpeth, was so Fecundity tall that he was known as the " High Priest of Morpeth." There is a note of exceptional- Coming now to marriage, I have con- height in the case structed a table of two of the younger based on the number of generation, one of whom is 6ft. 4 in. children born in each marriage. In the References to combined physique or athletic prowess column for both sexes, I have are scarce, though one person is referred to shown the youngest generation separately as as a many of the Scottish Rugby International. No families will not yet be complete. reference is made to another having been Omitting the last generation, the un- captain of married seem the Scottish team; his brother to come to about 40 per cent., played in the Scottish Trials. I think we may AGE AT DEATH

Died MIALEM S YOUng 20130 30/40 40/50 80/go 5o/6o 60/70 70/80 90/I00 Over Total Unknown Total

25 6 10 7 13 I7 24 I6 2 120 33 Still alive I 153 5 2 I 8 8 25 7 6 10 14 22 26 x6 2 I28 33 6

IE6 L 6 6 !1 II2 13 12 2 I 102 Stillalive -I I 6- 377 40 142 x6 6 6 ii 17 24 38 i I 4017

11C.ombWned'l\ } l Total ... 4I| 13' | 2 |21 31 46 I3 64 34 2267 73 250 TE EUGENICS 1t-EVIEWV NUMB3ER OF MARRIAGES Combined less YoungestToa Number of Children dMales Femaes youngest gnrto arae generation z. Unmarried ..* . 70 94 105 5916 2. Married No ChidrenIs.I .,. .44, 14 13 13 14 2

r Child ...... i8 13 13 iS 3 a Chi1dren ...... 24 32 21 35 5

3 of. .. *.30 2632 24 4 *. .. ..17 l0 . E II 27

3 . . . 6 8 10 4 1

..6 DP** *.2 8.I9 7

7 ...... 6 5 310 II

8 ... .. *Oe 4 4I5

9 *. .. *.3 I44

10 .. *OII22

... II... *.. ~~~~~~~~~~~32 55 **..2 12 3 5.-5

13 6 005

14*. @0 0 15 9 0

17..@0

18 *0.. ...

19 000, 00 -,00 Q

20 000 00

21 00 00 002 2I Chidren but number unknown 3 2 4I Total ** * 203 221 255 1.6942

3. Marriage State Unkown 410044gg43 .42 take it that good physique continues; in genius. We have undoubtedly very desirable a group of first cousins, for instance, of qualities. These have persisted for at least whom I know some particulars, one girl is ten generations. They may have been masked a lady golf champion of the West of England; in the earlier days but this is only relatively. one man was a well-known long-distance In the limited northern environment, the runner in the army ; another was chosen for members of the family appear to have the Irish Fifteen ; another was a double blue achieved the highest positions attainable; at Cambridge and yet another is a well- though to. southern ears, to be miller of known polo player. These are all first cousins Inverugie, factor on the Reay estates, or of each other and suggest a well-distributed Provost of. Peterhead may not sound very and satisfactory physique. So, alas, do the grand. The stock exhibits very high adminis- fifteen deaths on active service in the war. trative ability which seems to be based on splendidly sound intellectual qualities and Some Conclusions great physical vigour. Coming south to an environment of greater opportunities and To conclude, it is not suggested that we certainLy not greater intellectual competition, have here that eugenic " Will o' the Wisp," they achieved more patent success. At a sTHE ANDERSONS OF P 25A later still date, the flux created by the war not do full justice to the family." He con- gave rise to the very conditions which suited tinues: "The talent came from the their abilities. sons of whom Ander- The compilers of the Record I wish I knew more." One point out that wishes one knew Galton's source of informa- the late J. M. Wood of , a learned tion. James Gregory was of opinion that all s mother was an genealogist, the Anderson; he was born at Aberdeen in Andersons of Ross, Sutherland, Elgin, Banf i635. It is probable that and Aberdeen sprang from the same ancestor. Peterhead the original This raises a very Anderson came from Aberdeen, interesting point. Galton, which is only thirty miles distant. He would in Hereditary Genius., speaking of James be a contemporary of James Gregory's Gregory, the inverntor of the reflecting grandfather. If Wood is right the telescope, says: "He was the most impor- Andersons are Peterhead tant member of a very certainly connected distantly important scientific to the Gregorys and Alisons. It seems family, partly eminent as mathematicians highly probable, however, that and largely as physicians. The annexed more they were (p. nearly connected. SirArchibald Alison's pedigree 207) is necessary to explain their autobiography does not help. He relationships but I should add (although it with mentions comprises nine pride his Gregory ancestry but says generations and mentions nothing of the Andersons. Can any eighteen persons of note) that I know it does gist assist ? genealo.

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