DOCSLIB.ORG

Historical Newspapers Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Historical Newspapers Guide R. M. Cooper Library Reference Unit Historical Newspapers pm 7/12 South Carolina Newspapers On Microfilm in Cabinets on the West Side of Cooper’s 4th Floor (City of Publication)/Title Dates Aiken Standard Oct 1917 – Aug 1930 Aiken Standard & South Carolina Gazette 1930-1935 Anderson Daily Mail Jan 1900 – Aug 1925; May 1945 – Oct 1949 Anderson Gazette Nov 11, 1843 - Feb 24, 1848 (Anderson) Highland Sentinel Sep 1840 – Oct 1843 Anderson Intelligencer Aug 14, 1860 - Aug, 1906; Jan 1914 - Jun 1916 Anderson Independent-Mail Apr 1929 -- present (Anderson) People's Advocate 1892, 1893, Jan-Oct 4, 1897 (Anderson) The Record 1931-1936 Beaufort Gazette Jul 1903 - 1973 Camden Chronicle Nov 6, 1891 - Mar 24, 1960 (Charleston) City Gazette Jan-Dec 1789 (Charleston) Columbian Herald Jun 1787-Oct 1790 Charleston Courier 1803-1852 Charleston Daily Courier 1852 - Apr 1873 (Charleston) Deutsche Zeitung 1853-1859; 1876-1900; 1905-1917 Charleston Evening Post Oct 1894 – Dec 1974 Charleston Gazette 1777-1780 Charleston Mercury 1822-1845, Jan 1846 – Nov 1868 Charleston News & Courier Jan 1873-1944:Dec 29; 1959-1991:Sep30 Charleston Post & Courier Oct 1991-- present (Charleston) South Carolina & American 1764-1781 General Gazette (Charleston) South Carolina Gazette 1732-1782 (Charleston) South Carolina Gazette & Country 1765-1775 Journal (Charleston) Royal Gazette 1781-1782 (Charleston) Royal South Carolina Gazette 1780-1782 Chester Reporter Mar 7, 1874 - Jun 27, 1906 Clemson Commentator 1938 (Clemson) Daily Messenger Sep 1999 – Sep 2009 (Clemson) Messenger Apr 1954 – Sep 1999 (Clemson) Orange & White 1978 – 1990 (more in Special Collections) (Clemson University) Tiger 1907 – present (Columbia) Palmetto Leader Jan 1925 – Sep 1957 Columbia Record 1925 - 1945 (Columbia) State Feb 1891 – present Darlington News & Press Dec 1911 – Oct 1939 Easley Messenger Oct 1883 - Oct 1884 Edgefield Advertiser Oct 1856 - Apr 1868 Florence Morning News 1924 – 1945; 1975 - 1995 Georgetown Times Jun 1868 – Dec 1904 Greenville Mountaineer Jan 10, 1829 - Apr 1850 Greenville News Jun 1900 – present Greenville Piedmont Apr 1927 – 1945 Greenwood Index Journal Sept 1924 – Dec 1945 (Myrtle Beach) Sun News 1988 - present Orangeburg Times-Democrat Aug 15, 1879 - Dec 1974 (Pendleton) Miller's Weekly Messenger Mar 20, 1807 - Jan 19, 1811 Pendleton Messenger May 22, 1813 - Nov 6, 1843 Pickens Sentinel Sep 7, 1876 - Sep 28, 1933 Rock Hill Evening Herald Jan 1880 - Dec 1974 (Seneca) Journal Nov 2009 - present (Spartanburg) Carolina Spartan Jan 14, 1858 - Dec 8, 1864 (Sumter) Daily Item Oct 1960 – Aug 1987 (Sumter) Item Sep 1987 – Sep 1995 (Walhalla) Keowee Courier 1849 – 1976* Yorkville Enquirer 1856 – 1889 Other Microfilm Requestable from Off-Campus Storage African American Newspapers Afro-American (Baltimore) 1893 - 1926 Amsterdam News (New York) 1922 - 1926 Chicago Defender 1909 - 1971 Kansas City Call 1919 - 1954 New York Age 1905 - 1926 Pittsburgh Courier 1911 - 1912, 1923 – 1926 Other United States Newspapers Atlanta Constitution June 17, 1868 - present Boston Daily Advertiser Jan 1862 – Dec 1865 Charlotte Observer 1892 -- present Lynchburg Daily Virginian Aug 3, 1858 – Aug 31, 1866 Memphis Daily Appeal July 18, 1857 – May 4, 1866 Mobile Daily Register Feb 17, 1859 – May 27, 1864 New Orleans Times Picayune Dec 15, 1857 – Mar 2, 1866 New York Times Sept 1851 – Dec 2009 (online 1851-2007, present) Richmond Daily Dispatch Jan 1858 – Dec 31. 1866 Richmond Daily Whig Jan 1860 – July 31, 1865 Savannah Republican Dec 26, 1860 – 1865 Southern Confederacy (Atlanta, GA) Feb 12, 1861 – Feb 8, 1865 Wall Street Journal (eastern edition) 1849 – 2005 (online 1889-1993, present) Washington Post 1877 – Dec 2009 (online 1877-1994, present) Wilmington (NC) Daily Journal Jan 2, 1860 – July 14, 1866 Colonial & Early America Boston Newsletter 1704-1788 Freeman's Journal 1781-1785 Georgia Gazette 1763-1768 Jersey Chronicle (Mt. Pleasant, NJ) May 1795-Apr 1796 Maryland Journal Aug 1773-July 1797 New Brunswick Guardian Oct 1798-Oct 1813 New Hampshire Gazette 1756-1789 New Jersey Gazette (Trenton) 1777-1786 New Jersey Journal (Chatham) 1779-1783 New Jersey Journal (Elizabeth) 1786-1821 New York Mercury 1752-1783 North Carolina Gazette 1751-1798 Pennsylvania Evening Post 1775-1779 Pennsylvania Ledger 1775-1778 Pennsylvania Packet 1771-1790 (Philadelphia) National Gazette Oct 1791-Oct 1793 Political Intelligencer & New Jersey Advertiser 1783-1786 Rivington's New York Gazette 1773-1783 Sentinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ) Oct 1796 – Aug 1826 (Williamsburg) Virginia Gazette 1736-1780 Woods Newark Gazette 1791-1793 Great Britain (London) Times 1785-present (online 1785-1985) Note: reels of microfilm may be requested through Interlibrary Loan for newspapers we do not own. Priscilla Munson [email protected] .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Negroes Are Different in Dixie: the Press, Perception, and Negro League Baseball in the Jim Crow South, 1932 by Thomas Aiello Research Essay ______
    NEGROES ARE DIFFERENT IN DIXIE: THE PRESS, PERCEPTION, AND NEGRO LEAGUE BASEBALL IN THE JIM CROW SOUTH, 1932 BY THOMAS AIELLO RESEARCH ESSAY ______________________________________________ “Only in a Negro newspaper can a complete coverage of ALL news effecting or involving Negroes be found,” argued a Southern Newspaper Syndicate advertisement. “The good that Negroes do is published in addition to the bad, for only by printing everything fit to read can a correct impression of the Negroes in any community be found.”1 Another argued that, “When it comes to Negro newspapers you can’t measure Birmingham or Atlanta or Memphis Negroes by a New York or Chicago Negro yardstick.” In a brief section titled “Negroes Are Different in Dixie,” the Syndicate’s evaluation of the Southern and Northern black newspaper readers was telling: Northern Negroes may ordain it indecent to read a Negro newspaper more than once a week—but the Southern Negro is more consolidated. Necessity has occasioned this condition. Most Southern white newspapers exclude Negro items except where they are infamous or of a marked ridiculous trend… While his northern brother is busily engaged in ‘getting white’ and ruining racial consciousness, the Southerner has become more closely knit.2 The advertisement was designed to announce and justify the Atlanta World’s reformulation as the Atlanta Daily World, making it the first African-American daily. This fact alone probably explains the advertisement’s “indecent” comment, but its “necessity” argument seems far more legitimate.3 For example, the 1932 Monroe Morning World, a white daily from Monroe, Louisiana, provided coverage of the black community related almost entirely to crime and church meetings.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Press and the End of Racial Segregation in the U.S
    MIGHTIER THAN THE SWORD? THE BLACK PRESS AND THE END OF RACIAL SEGREGATION IN THE U.S. MILITARY, 1948-1954 Mark Slagle A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication Chapel Hill 2010 Approved by: Dr. Barbara Friedman Dr. Anne Johnston Dr. Donald Shaw Dr. Crystal Feimster Dr. Richard Kohn ©2010 Mark Slagle ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT MARK SLAGLE: Mightier Than The Sword? The Black Press and the End of Racial Segregation in the U.S. Military, 1948-1954 (Under the Direction of Dr. Barbara Friedman) Although President Harry S. Truman ordered the integration of the U.S. military in 1948, the armed forces made limited progress in desegregating before the summer of 1950. The outbreak of war on the Korean peninsula that year forced the military to re-evaluate its policy of segregation and ultimately led the complete integration of all the armed forces. This study analyzes how the largest and most influential black newspapers fought for military integration and how these publications reacted when it arrived. By examining how the black press sought to achieve its goals, this study illustrates the ways in which black newspapers did and did not operate as a dissident media source. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the efforts of a number of people. Barbara Friedman shepherded this project from vague idea to finished product. Anne Johnston, Don Shaw, Richard Kohn, and Crystal Feimster all provided valuable suggestions and support throughout the process.
    [Show full text]
  • 100 Years of African American History: a Fiber Art Retrospective by Tina Williams Brewer
    100 Years of african american HistorY: a fiber art retrospective by tina Williams Brewer 100 Years of african american HistorY: a fiber art retrospective by tina Williams Brewer This publication was made possible through a generous contribution to Pittsburgh Filmmakers/Pittsburgh Center for the Arts from Alcoa Foundation. It happened... the Courier was there. Rod Doss, Editor and Publisher, New Pittsburgh Courier he Pittsburgh Courier has recorded news affecting The information reported in the Courier had a pro- African-Americans since 1910. My staff and I are found impact on Black politics, world events, civil Thonored to be the “keepers” of what is an incred- rights, sports, entertainment, business and journal- ible and extensive record – both in print and in photo- ism. We are privileged to associate with those giants graphs – of a people’s culture that has had profound who recorded the history of a people’s unwavering impact on American history. march to overcome the many obstacles that withheld The Courier was first published 100 years ago and even- their dignity as a mighty race of people. As the Black tually became the most widely circulated Black news- intellectual W.E.B. DuBois said, “The twentieth century paper in the country with 21 regional editions and an challenge to resolve the issue of color is the greatest international edition. At its height, more than 450,000 challenge America will have to overcome.” His words people received the Courier each week and were were truly prophetic. given the opportunity to read an unvarnished version The series of 10 quilts created by Tina Williams Brewer of cultural and historical events that told the story in this exhibition attempt to provide a broad-based of the Black experience in America.
    [Show full text]
  • Pittsburgh Courier (1911–2002) the Most Widely Circulated Black Newspaper in the U.S
    Pittsburgh Courier (1911–2002) The most widely circulated black newspaper in the U.S. in the early 20th century URGING AFRICAN-AMERICANS to actively participate in shaping their political destinies — and often leading the charge — the Pittsburgh Courier was once the most widely circulated black newspaper in the U.S. in the early 20th century. The newspaper campaigned for increasing the number of black physicians and opening a hospital to serve the black community in Pittsburgh, where white facilities often refused to provide services. In the 1930s, the newspaper led a nationwide protest against the Amos ‘n’ Andy radio show and its advertisers because of the media’s offensive portrayal of African-Americans. The publication’s “Double V” campaign during World War II demanded equal rights at home for black soldiers risking their lives overseas. Through the decades, intellectuals and influential writers such as W.E.B. DuBois, Marcus Garvey, James Weldon Johnson, Zora Neale Hurston, and others have written columns or reported for the newspaper. For access to these writers and more, ProQuest offers more than 90 continuous years of the Pittsburgh Courier online. Curriculum Focus • African-American Studies • Education • Religion • Arts and Literature • History • Social Sciences • Civil Rights • Journalism • Sports History • Culture • Multidisciplinary • Urban Planning • Genealogy • Political Science Why the Pittsburgh Courier? • Full access to one of the most widely circulated black newspaper in the U.S. in the early 20th century: Users can study the progression of issues over time by browsing issues of the historic newspaper, which offers coverage of 1911-2002, including news articles, photos, advertisements, classified ads, obituaries, cartoons, and more.
    [Show full text]
  • Board of Historic Resources Quarterly Meeting 18 March 2021 Sponsor
    Board of Historic Resources Quarterly Meeting 18 March 2021 Sponsor Markers – Diversity 1.) Central High School Sponsor: Goochland County Locality: Goochland County Proposed Location: 2748 Dogtown Road Sponsor Contact: Jessica Kronberg, [email protected] Original text: Central High School Constructed in 1938, Central High School served as Goochland County’s African American High School during the time of segregation. Built to replace the Fauquier Training School which burned down in 1937, the original brick structure of Central High School contained six classrooms on the 11-acre site. The school officially opened its doors to students on December 1, 1938 and housed grades eight through eleven. The 1938 structure experienced several additions over the years. In 1969, after desegregation, the building served as the County’s integrated Middle School. 86 words/ 563 characters Edited text: Central High School Central High School, Goochland County’s only high school for African American students, opened here in 1938. It replaced Fauquier Training School, which stood across the street from 1923, when construction was completed with support from the Julius Rosenwald Fund, until it burned in 1937. Central High, a six-room brick building that was later enlarged, was built on an 11-acre site with a grant from the Public Works Administration, a New Deal agency. Its academic, social, and cultural programs were central to the community. After the county desegregated its schools under federal court order in 1969, the building became a junior high school. 102 words/ 647 characters Sources: Goochland County School Board Minutes Fauquier Training/Central High School Class Reunion 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Pittsburgh Courier (1907 )
    An Online Reference Guide to African American History Home Main Features Special Features What's New? About Us How You Can Help Contact Select Language ▼ Search Home Pittsburgh Courier (1907­ ) Like 8 Send Back to Online Encyclopedia Index NOTE: BlackPast.org will not disclose, use, give or sell any of the requested information to third parties. Email Address: * First Name: * Mrs. Robert L. Vann, Publisher of the Pittsburgh Courier, Presents a Gold Medal and NAACP Life Membership to Last Name: * Indian Prime Minister Jawarhalal Nehru, as NAACP Roy Wilkins Looks On, 1949, New York City Math Question: * © Bettmann/Corbis 5 + 7 = Solve this simple math problem and The Pittsburgh Courier was established in 1907 by enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter Edwin Harleston, an aspiring writer and security guard 4. at the H. J. Heinz food packing plant. The Courier achieved national prominence after attorney Robert Sign-up Lee Vann joined the newspaper in 1910. Vann’s original position at the Courier was that of legal counsel, but he soon took control as the paper’s editor­ publisher and treasurer. Under Vann’s guidance the Courier called for improvements for African Americans in areas such as housing, education, and health care. A primary goal of the Courier was to empower blacks both economically and politically. Articles and editorials encouraged the black community’s support of organizations such as The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and The National Urban League. In the 1930’s the Courier sparked a nationwide protest against the Amos n’ Andy radio program when it denounced the stereotypical negative portrayals of African Americans on the show.
    [Show full text]
  • Newspaper Distribution List
    Newspaper Distribution List The following is a list of the key newspaper distribution points covering our Integrated Media Pro and Mass Media Visibility distribution package. Abbeville Herald Little Elm Journal Abbeville Meridional Little Falls Evening Times Aberdeen Times Littleton Courier Abilene Reflector Chronicle Littleton Observer Abilene Reporter News Livermore Independent Abingdon Argus-Sentinel Livingston County Daily Press & Argus Abington Mariner Livingston Parish News Ackley World Journal Livonia Observer Action Detroit Llano County Journal Acton Beacon Llano News Ada Herald Lock Haven Express Adair News Locust Weekly Post Adair Progress Lodi News Sentinel Adams County Free Press Logan Banner Adams County Record Logan Daily News Addison County Independent Logan Herald Journal Adelante Valle Logan Herald-Observer Adirondack Daily Enterprise Logan Republican Adrian Daily Telegram London Sentinel Echo Adrian Journal Lone Peak Lookout Advance of Bucks County Lone Tree Reporter Advance Yeoman Long Island Business News Advertiser News Long Island Press African American News and Issues Long Prairie Leader Afton Star Enterprise Longmont Daily Times Call Ahora News Reno Longview News Journal Ahwatukee Foothills News Lonoke Democrat Aiken Standard Loomis News Aim Jefferson Lorain Morning Journal Aim Sussex County Los Alamos Monitor Ajo Copper News Los Altos Town Crier Akron Beacon Journal Los Angeles Business Journal Akron Bugle Los Angeles Downtown News Akron News Reporter Los Angeles Loyolan Page | 1 Al Dia de Dallas Los Angeles Times
    [Show full text]
  • OBJ (Application/Pdf)
    OPINIONS AND ACTIVITIES OF THE BLACK COMMUNITY DURING WORLD WAR II AS SEEN IN THE BLACK PRESS AND RELATED SOURCES A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY BERNADETTE EILEEN SHEPARD DEPARTMENT OF AFRO-AMERICAN STUDIES ATLANTA, GEORGIA DECEMBER 1974 U TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. BLACKS ON THE HOME FRONT 12 War Industries and Jobs 17 III. TREATMENT OF BLACKS IN THE ARMED FORCES . 27 Enlistment and Training • 28 Incidents of Prejudices in the Armed Forces 40 CONCLUSION 44 BIBLIOGRAPHY 47 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The first World War provided the tide of protest upon which the Black Press rose in importance and in militancy. It was largely the Black press that made Blacks fully conscious of the inconsistency between America's war aims to "make the world safe for "demo cracy" and her treatment of this minority at home. The Second World War again increased unrest, suspicion, and dissatisfaction among Blacks. lit stimulated great interest of the Black man in his press and the fact that the depression was just about over made it possible for him to translate this interest into financial support. By the outbreak of the war many Black newspapers had become economically able to send their own corres pondents overseas. In addition, the Chicago Defender; the Baltimore Afro-American and the Norfolk Journal and Guide had special correspondents who traveled from camp 3-Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma (New York: Harper and Row, 1944), p. 914. 2Vishnu V.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    W. E. B. Du Bois, F. B. Ransom, the Madam Walker Company, and Black Business Leadership in the 1930s Mark David Higbee" From the 1870s to the 1930s, the development of business en- terprise was widely seen as the one essential ingredient for Afri- can-American progress. Yet neither African-American business enterprise nor the political roles of black entrepreneurs have been adequately studied by historians. Accounts of African-American ec- onomic hardships during the Great Depression have slighted the important political debates that these hardships produced. Simi- larly, writings on W. E. B. Du Bois, the black scholar and founder of the twentieth-century civil rights protest tradition, have ne- glected his distinctive vision of African-American business enter- prise. Consequently, a little known 1937-1938 dispute between Du Bois and Freeman B. Ransom, an African-American businessman and Indianapolis community leader, demands attention. Ransom and Du Bois viewed the proper aims of business enterprise in rad- ically opposing ways. The Ransom-Du Bois dispute provides an op- portunity to examine the differing ways these two leaders approached the problems of the Depression as well as how African Americans reconsidered older ideas of black business enterprise and political leadership. Studying the 1930s is acutely important because during that decade faith in business as the basis for Afri- can-American leadership was supplanted by political and labor strategies. * Mark Higbee is completing a dissertation on W.E.B. Du Bois at Columbia University, New York. He thanks the following people for their comments on vari- ous drafts of this essay: Barbara Bair, Eric Bates, Martha Biondi, Jonathan Bir- enbaum, Elizabeth Blackmar, Eric Foner, Wilma Gibbs, Sarah Henry, Kate Levin, Judith Stein, the members of Col'umbia University's U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mrican American Press and the Holocaust
    32 The Journal of Intergroup Relations The MricanAmerican Press and the Holocaust 1 Felecia G. Jones Ross and Sakile Kai Camara Black owned and operated newspapers represent and advocate African-Americans' interests and concerns that the mainstream media have marginalized or ignored (Huspek, 2004; Hutton, 1993; Kessler, 1984; Lacy, Stephens & Soffin, 1991; Wilson & Gutierrez, 1995; ·· ;tl Wolseley, 1990). Appealing to principles of democracy and human rights, the black press has fought against the dominant society's oppression and mistreatment of Mrican Americans in the United States but also other groups worldwide. In editorials, articles and political cartoons, black press news coverage during both world wars pointed out the hypocrisy of a nation that symbolized democratic free­ dom to the world yet mistreated its own citizens at home (Kornweibel, 1994; Washburn, 1986). Human rights abuses anywhere, they argued, threatened human dignity and security everywhere (Carson, 1998).i This was especially true regarding black-owned and -operated news­ papers' uses of the Jewish Holocaust of the 1930s and 1940s as an opportunity to expand their human rights advocacy for groups other than Mrican Americans. Although the mainstream press in the United States published vivid reports of the Nazi brutality, it did not focus on the immorality of the practices in the way the African American press did. Drawing upon two leading newspapers, we will highlight how The Chicago Defender and The Pittsburgh Courier, in contrast to main­ stream coverage, underscored the importance of human rights as they related to issues of the Holocaust. This study thus seeks to remedy a tendency in a century's worth of academic description and analysis of the black press in the Felecia G.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Regular Session ENROLLED SENATE RESOLUTION NO. 3 by SENATORS TARVER
    2020 Regular Session ENROLLED SENATE RESOLUTION NO. 3 BY SENATORS TARVER AND PEACOCK A RESOLUTION To commend The Shreveport Sun, its owners, editors, and staff, on the occasion of its one hundredth anniversary and to acknowledge its exemplary status as the oldest black weekly newspaper in the state of Louisiana. WHEREAS, the Senate of the Legislature of Louisiana proudly acknowledges The Shreveport Sun as a significant news media publishing outlet and as an effective agent for change in the Ark-La-Tex region; and WHEREAS, The Shreveport Sun shares the spotlight with notable African-American publications, both past and present; each played a major role in local politics and business affairs within their respective communities; these publications include the Louisiana Weekly (New Orleans), the Chicago Defender, the Richmond Planet, the Chicago Bee, the Miami Times, the Pittsburgh Courier, the Roanoke Tribune, the Philadelphia Tribune, the Atlanta Daily World, and the Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder; and WHEREAS, in 1920, Melvin Lee (M.L.) Collins Sr., an educator and a steadfast man of vision, founded the weekly newspaper, The Shreveport Sun, the first of its kind in the community, as he sought to provide a medium against the racial oppression of the time and to provide a venue for acknowledgment of the achievements and social activities of African-Americans, who had little representation in mainstream media; and WHEREAS, he published the news events of an under-served constituency, from birth to marriage, then onto passage from life and dismissal, The Shreveport Sun acknowledged the happenings of African-American society and voiced the issues of civil rights, literacy, and economic development that included the advertisement and promotion of minority professionals and business interests; and WHEREAS, in the beginning, The Shreveport Sun served both urban and rural Page 1 of 3 SR NO.
    [Show full text]
  • Primary Sources Packet
    LESSON: History Unfolded: Black Press Coverage of the Holocaust HANDOUT: Primary Source Packet Use the table of contents below to read through the Historical Information on Black Newspapers and the primary sources you are assigned. TABLE OF CONTENTS Historical Information on Black Newspapers 2 Assignment 1 3 Assignment 2 (two sources in this one) 7 Assignment 3 16 Assignment 4 20 Assignment 5 25 Assignment 6 30 Assignment 7 35 Primary Sources | 1 of 39 ​ LESSON: History Unfolded: Black Press Coverage of the Holocaust HANDOUT: Primary Source Packet Historical Information on Black Newspapers The following descriptions provide background information for the primary sources found in this packet. Continue reading the packet to find images and text for each primary source. As of 2020, all of the following newspapers were still in existence. The Journal and Guide The Journal and Guide is a Black press newspaper located in Norfolk, Virginia. Founded in 1922, it was a ​ weekly newspaper with a circulation of over 80,000 by the mid 1940s. The New York Amsterdam News The New York Amsterdam News, founded in 1909, is based in New York City. It was a weekly ​ ​ newspaper in the 1930s. In the 1940s, it changed its name to the New York Amsterdam Star-News and by ​ ​ 1945 had a circulation of over 65,000. The Chicago Defender The Chicago Defender, founded in 1905, is based in Chicago, Illinois. Along with The Pittsburgh ​ ​ Courier, it became one of the most prominent and influential newspapers of the Black press, with a ​ national readership. Ida B. Wells, Langston Hughes, and Martin Luther King wrote columns printed in the paper.
    [Show full text]