Zoological Studies 37(2): 111-118 (1998)

Review of the Marine Gobiid , Amblyeleotris (Pisces: ) with Seven New Records from Taiwan Jeng-Ping Chen, I-Shiung Chen and Kwang-Tsao Shao* Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, R.O.C.

(Accepted January 21, 1998)

Jeng-Ping Chen, I-Shiung Chen and Kwang-Tsao Shao (1998) Review of the marine gobiid genus, Amblyeleotris (Pisces: Gobiidae) with seven new records from Taiwan. Zoological Studies 37(2):111-118. The present paper is a taxonomic review of the marine gobiid genus, Amblyeleotris, from Taiwan. This genus includes A. fontanesii (Bleeker, 1852), A. guttata (Fowler, 1938), A. japonica Takagi, 1957, A. ogasawarensis Yanagisawa, 1978, A. periophthalma (Bleeker, 1853), A. steinitzi (Klausewitz, 1974), A. wheeleri (Polunin and Lubbock, 1977), and A. yanoi Aonuma and Yoshino, 1996. Except for A. guttata, the rest are all new additions to the fauna of Taiwan. Diagnostic characters, distribution, remarks, and color photos of each are given.

Key words: Fish , Gobies, Amblyeleotris, New records, Taiwan.

T he of the genus Amblyeleotris be 23 valid species in this genus. In Taiwan, the Bleeker are well known for their symbiotic behavior 1st record of this group of fish were reported by with snapping shrimp in coral reefs. The charac- Shao et al. (1987), who added A. fasciatus (Herre, ters of this genus are as follows: a slender body; 1927) and A. guttata (Fowler, 1938) to the Taiwan with transverse pattern of cheek papillae; VI-I, 12- fish fauna. But A. fasciatus mentioned above 16 dorsal rays; I, 12-17 anal rays; 18-22 pectoral should be considered a misidentification of A. rays; longitudinal scale series 50-129; transverse wheeleri (Polunin and Lubbock, 1977). Thus, the scale rows 17-34; vertebrate 26. This genus is species A. fasciatus appearing in the Fishes of easily confused with Cryptocentrus and Vande- Taiwan (Shen et al. 1993) which cited Shao et al. rhorstia. The differences between Amblyeleotris (1987) should be corrected as A. wheeleri. and Cryptocentrus are that Amblyeleotris has more During the past 5 yr (1989-1994), an intensive fin rays (12-17 soft dorsal rays and 12-17 soft anal survey on inshore fish fauna in the waters around rays), Cryptocentrus has ray counts (9-12 soft dor- Taiwan was supported by a grant from the National sal rays and 9-11 soft anal rays); the latter has a Science Council R.O.C. to the 3rd author. The 3rd plate or cup-shaped disc of pelvic but it is sepa- author and his colleagues have collected and pub- rated or connected in the former. The genus lished descriptions of a number of new species as Amblyeleotris can also be distinguished from well as new records (Chen and Shao 1993a,b, Ho Vanderhorstia by the pattern of papillae (transverse et al. 1993, Chen et al. 1994, Gill et al. 1994, Wang vs. longitudinal), and snout profile (at angles less et al. 1994, Chen and Shao 1995, Wang et al. than 40° with body axis vs. 50°) (Hoese 1986). 1995). Here we report an additional 5 newly Aonuma and Yoshino (1996) listed valid spe- recorded species of the genus Amblyeleotris: A. cies belonging to the genus Amblyeleotris in the fontanesii (Bleeker), A. japonica Takagi, A. Indo-Pacific area. But since Randall et al. (1994) ogasawarensis Yanagisawa, A. periophthalma treated A. exilis (Smith, 1958) as a junior synonym (Bleeker), and A. yanoi Aonuma and Yoshino. An of A. periophthalma (Bleeker, 1853), there should additional record of A. steinitzi (Klausewitz) was

*To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

111 112 Zoological Studies 37(2): 111-118 (1998) based merely on photographs taken by the authors Gobius (Crytocenturs) fontanesii : Weber, 1913: 474. in the Kenting area and Green Is. Thus, the total Cryptocentrus fontanesii : Herre, 1927: 242; Koumans in Weber number of Amblyeleotris known from Taiwan and De Beaufort, 1953: 89. Amblyeleotris fontanesii : Myers, 1989: 226. should be increased to 8 species. Material: One specimen, ASIZP 058108, 134.8 mm SL, 12 Apr. 1990. The 3rd nuclear power plant MATERIALS AND METHODS (N3) at Nanwan, Pingtung, 8 m depth. Diagnosis: D VI-I,15, A I,16, P1 20, P2 I,5, LR Specimens were collected from northeastern 105, TR 28, Pred S 20. HL 4.1, BD 5.8, HW 8.1, and southern coasts (Kenting National Park) of Pred L 3.47, SD2L 2.0, SAL 1.7, CPD 8.8 all in SL, Taiwan, the Pescadores, and Orchid Is. by scuba ED 3.9, Int 9.7, SnL 5.7 all in HL. diving during our survey of marine fish fauna in Maxillary reaching middle line of orbit. Body Taiwan. All counts of meristic characters followed compressed, very slender. Eye high with convex Akihito in Masuda et al. (1984) and measurements profile of head. Head, nape, breast, and belly with of morphometric characters followed Hubbs and cycloid scales, those on lateral side of trunk Lagler (1958). Abbreviations used for characters ctenoid. Middle spines of 1st dorsal longest. Pel- vic fin united by frenum and complete with connect- include: D: dorsal fin; A: anal fin; P1: pectoral fin; ing membrane. Body creamy yellow. Lateral side P2: pelvic fin; LR: longitudinal scale rows; TR: transverse scale rows; Pred S: predorsal scales; of body with 3 dark brown bands, 1st one below 1st SL: standard length; HL: head length; BD: body dorsal fin, 2nd below middle of 2nd dorsal fin, the last below posterior ray of soft dorsal fin. Head length; Pred L: predorsal length; SD2L: length of snout to 2nd dorsal origin; SAL: length of snout to with some pearl-like spots. First dorsal fin with a anal origin; CPD: caudal peduncle depth; ED: eye dark blotch. Second dorsal fin with some yellow diameter; SnL: snout length; HW: head width; and spots. Pelvic darkish. Int: interorbital width. Descriptions of body colora- Distribution: West Pacific: Philippines, tion were based on fresh specimens. All speci- Micronesia, Indonesia, Singapore, and Taiwan. In mens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Taiwan, this species had been only found at Academia Sinica (ASIZP). Nanwan, Kenting National Park, south Taiwan (Table 1). Key to species of the genus Amblyeleotris in Taiwan Remarks: Although Tomiyama (1936) re- corded this species from Japan, it should be con- 1a. Body without vertical bands, scattered orange spots; abdo- sidered a misidentification of Amblyeleotris men with black bar ...... A. guttata 1b. Body with 5 vertical bands, without orange spots; abdo- japonica, Takagi (Aizawa and Senou, 1991). Re- men without black bar ...... 2 cently, Iwata et al. (1996) recorded this species in 2a. Anal rays 14 or more ...... 3 Japanese waters. 2b. Anal rays 12 or 13 ...... 5 3a. Longitudinal scales less than 80; transverse scales 24 .. Amblyeleotris guttata (Fowler, 1938) ...... A. japonica 3b. Longitudinal scales more than 80; transverse scales (Figs. 2, 3) 25-32 ...... 4 Pteroculiops guttata Fowler, 1938: 133 (Marinduque Is.). 4a. Predorsal with 9-28 scales ...... A. fontanesii Amblyeleotris guttata: Yanagisawa, 1978: 306; Akihito, in 4b. Predorsal without scales ...... A. yanoi Masuda et al., 1984: 255; Lee in Shen et al. 1993: 533. 5a. Longitudinal scales 81; D VI-I,13; A. I,13 ...... A. ogasawarensis Materials: Two specimens, ASIZP 056123, 5b. Longitudinal scales less than 80; D VI-I,12; A. I,12 ..... 6 40.6-64.2 mm in SL., 2 Feb. 1985, Tantzuwan, 6 6a. Predorsal with 18-21 scales ...... A. wheeleri m; 1 specimen, ASIZP 056124, 44.5 mm in SL., 8 6b. Predorsal without scales ...... 7 Jan. 1986, Tantzuwan, 6 m; 1 specimen, ASIZP 7a. Longitudinal scales 74-80; brown blotches in pale areas between vertical bars ...... A. periophthalma 056125, 55.6 mm in SL., 27 May 1986, 7b. Longitudinal scales 62-66; faint yellowish line in pale areas Chingwashi, 12 m. between vertical bars ...... A. steinitzi Diagnosis: D VI-I,12; A I,12, P1. 19; LR 70-75; TR 22-24; Pred S 13-15, HL 3.4-3.7, BD 5.1-5.7,

Amblyeleotris fontanesii (Bleeker, 1852) Pred L 2.8-3.1, SD2L 1.8-1.9, SAL 1.7-1.9 all in SL. (Fig. 1) SnL 5.4-5.6, ED 3.9-4.4, Int 13.7-15.6 all in HL. Gobius fontanesii Bleeker, 1852: 764 (Bulucumba, Celebes). Mouth oblique, maxillary reaching below Biat lunzonica Seale, 1909: 532. middle of eye. Thirteen to 15 small scales on me- Gobius fontanesii : Günther, 1861: 74. dian part of nape. Height of the 3rd spine of 1st Chen et al. − Amblyeleotris from Taiwan 113 dorsal fin longest and lower than body. 2nd dorsal brown stripe along middle, lower part pale grey. fin as high as 1st one. Caudal fin pointed. Body Caudal fin with a C-shaped, dark brown blotch. pale yellow, head and body with scattered orange Distribution: Until now this species has only spots. Two blackish-brown zones on anterior part been found in Japan and Taiwan. It was found in of body, one between thorax and isthmus, another northern Taiwan and Penghu (the Pescadores) behind pelvic and forming a triangle, its upper part (Table 1). extending to middle of body. Except transparent pectoral and blackish pelvic fins, all other fins with Amblyeleotris ogasawarensis scattered orange spots. Yanagisawa, 1978 Distribution: In West Pacific, from East Indies (Figs. 6, 7) to Samoa, North to Ryukyu Is. This species had Amblyeleotris ogasawarensis Yanagisawa, 1978: 303 been found in coral reef areas around Taiwan (Ogasawara Is., Japan). (Table 1). Amblyeleotris ogasawarensis: Akihito in Masuda et al., 1984: 255. Amblyeleotris japonica Takagi, 1957 Material: One specimen, ASIZP 058107, 59.3 (Figs. 4, 5) mm SL, 7 Jul. 1993, Kaiyuankang, Orchid Is., Amblyeleotris japonica Takagi, 1957: 105 (Kagoshima, Japan). Taitung Co., 20 m depth. Amblyeleotris japonica: Yanagisawa, 1978: 299; Akihito, in Diagnosis: D VI-I,13; A I,13; P 19; P I,5; LR Masuda et al., 1984: 255. 1 2 84; TR 28; Pred S 5. HL 3.9, BD 5.8, HW 7.3, Pred Material: One specimen, ASIZP 058106, 55.8 L 3.0, SD2L 1.9, SAL 1.8, CPD 9.6 all in SL. ED mm SL, 2 Sept. 1991, Yehliu, Taipei Co.; 10 m 4.0, Int 8.9, SnL 5.6 all in HL. depth. Mouth oblique, maxillary reaching point of mid- Diagnosis: D VI-I,14; A I,14, P1 20; P2 I, 5; LR line of eye. Snout obtuse. Head round, body elon- 76; TR 25; Pred S 0. HL 3.9, BD 5.8, HW 7.6, Pred gate and compressed. Scales on body small and L 3.1, SD2L 1.8, SAL 1.8, CPD 9.4 all in SL. ED cycloid, becoming larger and ctenoid posteriorly. 3.9, Int 12.7, SnL 7.2 all in HL. Head naked, predorsal with few scales. No fre- Mouth oblique, maxillary extending beyond num, connecting membrane not fully complete on vertical of midline of eye. Snout obtuse. Head 5th ray in pelvic. In 1st dorsal, 3rd and 4th spines roundish; body elongate and compressed. Scales longest. 2nd dorsal and anal as high as 1st dorsal. on body small cycloid anteriorly, becoming larger Body color pale yellow, with 5 transverse red- and ctenoid posteriorly. Head and nape naked. brown bands; the 1st from nape to opercle, the last Pelvic frenum present, connecting membrane only on caudal peduncle. A vertical line from eye to end on basal part of 5th ray in adult. 3rd spine longest of jaw. Head with scattered small blue spots. First in 1st dorsal. Anal as high as 2nd dorsal. Body dorsal with small specks and a dark blotch on mid- color pale yellow, with 5 dark brown bands, the 1st basal part. Second dorsal with some rows of from nape to opercle, the last on caudal peduncle. brown stripes on lower part. Anal with a brown line First dorsal dusky in lower part. Midline of 2nd in middle, distal edge pale brown. Pelvic dusky. dorsal with a yellow stripe. Anal fin pale yellow, a Caudal fin with a C-shaped brown blotch.

Table 1. Distribution of the genus Amblyeleotris in coastal waters of Taiwan

Distribution Species names North West Penghu Hsiaoliuchiu South East Lanyu Green Is. A. fontanesii (Bleeker, 1852) V A. guttata (Fowler, 1938) V V V V V V V A. japonica (Takagi, 1957) V V A. ogasawarensis Yanagisawa, 1978 V V V A. periophthalma (Bleeker, 1853) V V V A. steinitzi (Klausewitz, 1974) V V V A. wheeleri (Polunin and Lubbock, 1977) V V V V V V V A. yanoi Aonuma and Yoshino, 1996 V 114 Zoological Studies 37(2): 111-118 (1998)

Fig. 1. Amblyeleotris fontaesii, ASIZP 058108, 134.8 mm in Fig. 5. Underwater photography of A. japonica, Apr. 25, SL. 1991 Penghu, by JP Chen.

Fig. 2. A. guttata, ASIZP 056124, 44.5 mm in SL. Fig. 6. A. ogasawarensis, ASIZP 058017, 59.3 mm in SL.

Fig. 3. Underwarter photography of A. guttata, Nov. 7. 1990, Fig. 7. Underwater photography of A. ogasawarensis, Jul. 7, Hsiaoliuchiu by LT Ho. 1993, Orchid Is., by JP Chen.

Fig. 4. A. japonica, ASIZP 058106, 55.8 mm in SL. Fig. 8. A. periophthalma, ASIZP 058100, 35.9 mm in SL. Chen et al. − Amblyeleotris from Taiwan 115

Distribution: From Japan to Taiwan. In Tai- mm SL, 9 July 1993, Tungao, Ilan Co., 12 m. wan, this species had been found at 3 places: Diagnosis: D VI-I,12; A I,12; P1 18; LR 76; TR southern Taiwan, Green Is., and Orchid Is. 26; Pred S 0. HL 3.2, BD 5.5, HW 7.8, Pred L 2.3, SD2L 1.7, SAL 1.7, CPD 9.3 all in SL. ED 5.0, SnL Amblyeleotris periophthalma (Bleeker, 1853) 21.4, Int 5.6 all in HL. (Figs. 8, 9) Mouth oblique, maxillary extends to midline of eye. Snout obtuse. Body elongate and com- Eleotris periophthalmus Bleeker, 1853: 477 (Jakarta, Indone- sia). pressed. Head and nape naked. Scales in anterior Cryptocentrus exillis Smith 1958: 153 (Zanzibar). part of body cycloid, becoming ctenoid at posterior Amblyeleotris maculata Yanagisawa 1976 (Okinawa, Japan). part after 3rd or 4th dorsal spine. Pelvic fins con- Amblyeleotris periophthalmus: Bleeker 1874: 373; Polunin and nected at base of 5th ray and without frenum. Five Lubbock, 1980: 51. vertical broad brown bands on body; pale Material: One specimen, ASIZP 058100, 35.9 interspaces with small irregular brown blotches. Cheek and postorbital head with small yellow ocelli. Caudal fin base with a large transverse dark spot. Distribution: Indo-Pacific.

Amblyeleotris steinitzi (Klausewitz, 1974) (Fig. 10)

Cryptocentrus steinitzi Klausewitz, 1974: 70 (Gulf of Aqaba). Diagnosis: Mouth oblique, maxillary extends to midline of eye. Body whitish, with 5 brown bands. Interspaces between bands wider than dark bands, and with some faint yellow lines. A row of blue spots scatterd from postorbital area to 1st dark Fig. 9. Underwater photography of A. periophthalma, Sept. band. 3, 1991, Kueihou, north Taiwan, by JP Chen.

Fig. 10. Underwater photography of A. steinitzi, Jan. 21, Fig. 12. Underwater photography of A. wheeleri, Dec. 3, 1991, Nanwan, by JP Chen. 1991, Nanwan, by JP Chen.

Fig. 11. A. wheeleri, ASIZP 057018, 30.9 mm in SL. Fig. 13. A. yanoi, ASIZP 058099, 60.5 mm in SL. 116 Zoological Studies 37(2): 111-118 (1998)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific area, from Red Sea cycloid anteriorly, becoming larger and ctenoid to Samoa. posteriorly. Head and nape naked. No frenum; Remarks: This species was identified from an membrane connected only on basal part of 5th rays underwater photo (Fig. 10). Specimen is not avail- in adults. Third and 4th spines of 1st dorsal fin able. longest. Second dorsal and anal as high as 1st dorsal. Fresh color of body pale yellow with 5 or- Amblyeleotris wheeleri ange-brown bands. The 5th bands fused with (Polunin and Lubbock, 1977) medial caudal stripe. Pectoral and pelvic fins (Figs. 11, 12) translucent. Dorsal and anal fins yellow with pale Cryptocentrus wheeleri Polunin and Lubbock, 1977: 88 (Aldabra network. Caudal fin yellow with medial and upper Atoll, Seychelles). orange stripes, each edged with blue margin. Amblyeleotris fasciata: Lee, 1993: 533, pl. 178-8. Color in alcohol, body pale yellow, with 4 brown Materials: Two specimens, ASIZP 056121, dorsal bars. Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins 34.1-40.5 mm in SL., 17 Mar. 1985, Tantzuwan, 8 translucent. Two orange caudal stripes faded to m; 1 specimen, ASIZP 056122, 34.8 mm in SL., 19 translucent with darkened edges which are bluish Mar. 1986, Tantzuwan, 8 m; 1 specimen, ASIZP when fish is alive. 057018, 30.88 mm in SL, 19 Apr. 1994, Taiping Is. Distribution: This species was recently de- (Spratly Is.), 16 m. scribed as a new species by Aonuma and Yoshino (1996). The Ryukyu and Indonesia were the only Diagnosis: D VI-I,12; A I,12, P1 18-19; LR 65- 70, TR19-21; Pred S 20-21. HL 3.2-3.6, BD 4.8- 2 localities where specimens were collected. It is a new record for Taiwan. 5.2, Pred L 2.6-2.8, SD2L 1.6-1.8, SAL 1.7-1.9 all in SL. SnL 6.0-6.5, ED 3.5-3.8, Int 13.7-15.2 all in HL. Maxillary reaching rear edge of eye. Head naked, 20 to 21 small scales on median part of DISCUSSION nape. Caudal fin rounded. Body pale yellow with 5 broad dark-reddish transverse bands. Anal fin Several genera of gobiid fishes are symbiotic with a dark longitudinal band with its distal part with snapping shrimp of the genus Alpheus. These transparent. Dorsal fin with some orange-red spots. gobies assigned to the genera Amblyeleotris Remarks: The present species was misiden- Bleeker, Cryptocentrus Valenciennes, Ctenogo- tified as A. fasciata (Herre) previously (Shao et al. biops Smith, Flabelligobius Smith, Lotilia Klau- 1987), after rechecking the specimens collected sewitz, Mahidolia Smith, Myersina Herre, Psilogo- before. We have not yet found a true specimen of bius Baldwin, Stonogobiops Polunin and Lubbock, A. fasciata (Herre) from Taiwanese waters. Tomiyamichthys Smith, and Vanderhorstia Smith Distribution: Indo-West Pacific species. This is are distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific region. the most abundant Amblyeleotris species in Tai- The endemic, monotypic genus Nes Ginsburg wan, occurring around Taiwan except the sandy is found only in the West Atlantic. Among the western coast. above genera, the genus Cryptocentrus is the largest and is comprised of 40 species (Hoese Amblyeleotris yanoi Aonuma and 1986). The genus Amblyeleotris is the 2nd largest. Yoshino, 1996 However, in most areas, Amblyeleotris seems (Fig. 13) to have more species number than the genus Cryptocentrus. For example, the species number Amblyeleotris yanoi Aonuma and Yoshino, 1996: 163 (Okinawa, of Amblyeleotris in the Red Sea (Dor 1984), Indo- Japan) nesia (Kuiter 1992), Maldives (Randall and Goren Material: One specimen, ASIZP 058099, 60.5 1993), Oman (Randall 1995), and Ogasawara Is- mm in SL., 4 Jun. 1993, Shanhai, Pingtung Co., lands (Randall et al. 1997) are greater than those 16m depth. of Cryptocentrus. Diagnosis: D VI-I,13; A I,13, P1 18; P2 I,5; LR In Taiwan, our collecting efforts have in- 98; TR 29; Pred S 0; HL 4.1; BD 7.5; HW 11.3; creased the species number in Amblyeleotris from Pred L 4.6; SD2L 2.7; AL 2.6; CPD 13.35 all in SL. 2 in Shao et al. (1987) to 8 as described in this ED 4.6, Int 11.9, SnL 6.6 all in HL. paper, while Cryptocentrus remains unchanged, Mouth oblique, maxillary reaching point of mid- with 6 species after Shao et al. (1987). line of eye or a little beyond. Snout obtuse. Body Zoogeographic distributions of these fishes elongate and compressed. Scales on body small around Taiwan are easily influenced by the Kuro- Chen et al. − Amblyeleotris from Taiwan 117 shio current. Thus, some widely distributed Indo- Philippines Seas and adjacent waters. Proc. U.S. Natl. West Pacific species are expected to share com- Mus. 85: 31-135. mon occurrence between Japan and Taiwan. The Gill AC, KT Shao, JP Chen. 1994. Pseudochromis striatus, a new species of pseudochromine dottyback from Taiwan species found in Japan presumably should be and the northern Philippines (Teleostei: Perciformes: found in Taiwan, especially in the waters of south- Pseudochromidae). Revue Franc. 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臺灣產海水 虎魚之鈍鯊屬蝦魚 (Amblyeleotris)之整理兼記七種新記錄種

陳正平 1 陳義雄 1 邵廣昭 1

本文係對臺灣海產的鈍鯊屬魚類作分類整理，他們分別是巨鈍鯊(Amblyeleotris fontanesii)、斑點鈍鯊(A. guttata)、 日本鈍鯊(A. japonica)、小笠原鈍鯊(A. ogasawarensis)、黑斑鈍鯊(A. periophthalma)、細環紋鈍鯊(A. steintzi)、 黑帶鈍鯊(A. wheeleri)和矢野氏鈍鯊(A. yanoi)。除了斑點鈍鯊外，其餘種均為台灣之新記錄種。文中敘述每種 魚的特徵、分布及附註外，並附上標本或生態照片以利參考。

關鍵詞:魚類分類， 虎，魚類相，新記錄，臺灣。魚蝦

1 中央研究院動物研究所