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Home , Euthanasia, Sanctity of life

and Life Theme B The origins and value of the universe The origins of the universe, including: • religious teachings about the origins of the universe, and different interpretations of these • the relationship between scientific views, such as the Big Bang theory, and religious views. • The value of the world and the duty of human beings to protect it, including religious teaching about stewardship, dominion, responsibility, awe and wonder. • The use and abuse of the environment, including the use of natural resources, pollution. The use and abuse of animals, including: • animal experimentation • the use of animals for food. The origins and value of human • The origins of life, including: • religious teachings about the origins of human life, and different interpretations of these • the relationship between scientific views, such as evolution, and religious views. • The concepts of sanctity of life and the quality of life. • , including situations when the mother's life is at risk. • Ethical arguments related to abortion, including those based on the sanctity of life and quality of life. • Euthanasia. • Beliefs about and an , and their impact on beliefs about the value of human life. How to use this to make it stick! 1. Read through the Religion and Life information 2. Highlight the key information 3. Create a revision aid Test yourself on it (flash card, 1) Which one of the following means being gently and painlessly put mind map, acronym, to death? A) Stewardship B) Euthanasia C) Evolution D) Dominion cheat sheet etc) 2) Give two religious beliefs about pollution. 4. Test yourself on the 3) Explain two similar religious beliefs about the use of animals for revision aid (cover up food. and say it out loud > 4) Explain two religious beliefs about the afterlife. Refer to scripture or cover up and write it sacred writings in your answer. out) 5)‘Evolution proves that religious beliefs about the origins of life are 5. Practice the past wrong.’ Evaluate this statement. paper questions (without the revision Based on my revisions and testing I need to focus on: aid) 6. Review your answers with your revision aid (add anything you missed out) and rate your progress

Origins of Christian view Buddhist view Non-religious Christian Buddhist view Non-religious life Contemporary British view Contemporary Attitudes/scientific British Attitudes The origins • Christians believe that God created • Buddhists have no specific creation • The Big Bang Theory /scientific the universe story/the Buddha thought that ideas says that the Universe of the • Genesis 1 says that God created about creation were speculation and not began 20 billion years The use and • God gave • As humans must live many • Pollution means humankind times the natural world there is too much of universe, the universe including the world helpful because they would not satisfy ago. and it’s inhabitants in 6 days and everybody which casts doubt on • There was nothing and abuse of the stewardship- the should be respected and something which is including: rested on the 7th this is known as religious beliefs then a huge explosion environment, responsibility to cared for, it is important toxic and causes look after the to protect it for future damage to the religious the creation theory • teaches that all things are made clouds of dust and • Fundamentalist Christians dependant upon conditions (this is known gas and over time the including the world generations environment teachings interpret the bible literally they as dependant rising universe formed. use of natural • Modern Christians • Thy Dalai lama said • Many people feel it have seen the Destruction of nature and is ok to use natural about the believe the world was created in 7 • Buddhists teachings neither explicitly • The earliest signs of life days support or deny the Big Bang theory. appeared millions of resources, need to heal the natural resources results resources such as origins of the • Liberalists interpret the bible • Buddhists teaches about the cycle of years before land and pollution. world and look from ignorance, greed and crops, wood and coal after the lack of respect for the as they are available universe, and symbolically, they believe that God Samsara, which is repeating cycle of sea settled may have created the universe but birth, life, death and rebirth • The earth was hot, environment Earth’s living things. • However many different through the big bang theory and • Both teachings are relevant to Buddhist covered in primordial Conservation is a question people feel that of our own survival using natural interpretatio that the creation theory may not thinking about the origins of the soup-mix of liquids, be true universe chemicals, minerals, resources, humans ns of these proteins and amino acids. have abused the • These fused to give the environment first life forms and from The use and • Many Christians • Many Western Buddhists • Animal rights are these all life developed, eat no red meat on are vegetarian out of the rights animals including humans. abuse of Fridays many eat respect for life-animals have to live without • How can a totally animals, no ,eat at all are also part of the cycle cruelty and to have structured world come during Lent- in of rebirth. good treatment from chaos? including: both cases out of • The skilful means of • UK laws protect respect for the keeping the first precept domestic animals The origins Comes from and holy books- • Buddhism does not include belief in a • Scientists are unsure animal from God and personal experiences God or creator what caused the Big of Jesus of non-harming would • Animals have many of the Religion explains • It doesn’t teach the universe has an Bang experimentati on Good Friday encourage vegetarianism uses as pets, • Some support • Some support medical helpers, work, universe, origin- a point in time when the universe • Some scientists believe on and the • “God created man in his own image” suddenly came into being from nothing there maybe a number of medical experiments if it is providers, food including: the Genesis without a cause universes, creating a use of animals experiments beneficial to human beings experimental test • God allowed eating but not cosmetic testing subjects relationship • Liberalists interpret the bible • Buddhists view the universe a bit like multiverse where one for food symbolically, they believe that God the cycle of life universe grows from animals in the old • ‘All living things fear being • Its cruel to animals between may have created the universe but • They suggest they universe came into another which is similar testament as they beaten by clubs’ especially battery were not created farming and scientific through the big bang theory and existence, expand, evolve and then to Buddhists teachings that the creation theory may not wither and die over and over again • Scientific evidence in Gods image methods of killing views, such be true without beginning or end. One universe supports theory to know The origins of • Some liberal • Evolution reflects the • evolution is a as the Big • Fundamentalist Christians simply replaces the next one. the universe is expanding Christians accept cycle of decay, death and natural process; interpret the bible literally they • Buddhist may accept the Big Bang • They can track the life, including: evolution - God rebirth which is a core evolution was a Bang theory, believe the world was created in 7 theory expansion back to a The relationship created the planet Buddhist belief result of chance not and religious days singular point-explosions from nothing but • Creation stories are planned by God. cause everything to be between used the process regarded as mythological Creatures changed views. flung outwards. scientific views, of evolution to • The Buddha said that to fit the • Background microwave create and develop anything can come into environment, not radiation from the such as life, possibly as existence when all the placed on earth by explosion can still be evolution, and the scientific necessary conditions are God. If humans have detected in space theories describe. there evolved they were religious views. The creation story • When conditions change not made in God’s is just a story. so do the things they give image. The value of • Christians believe they have a duty • Buddhists teach that the world is • The world is important, The concepts of to look after the world valuable and belongs to nobody as we as for humans both now and • Some fundamentalist rise to. For example when • Charles Darwin the world and (stewardship) and treat it with humans have a responsibility to look in the future sanctity of life Christians believe in seeds germinate and grow suggested the world the creation story, it respect. Life is sacred after it • Some feel humans have and the quality into plants when light, was a place of the duty of happened exactly • Humans have dominion (power) over • The world provides Buddhists with all the right to rule the oxygen and moisture are change and that a human beings nature by permission of God the conditions (challenges and help) that world due to their of life. how it happened in present and die if those huge variety of the Bible – God • The world s beauty fills people with are needed in order to develop perfect intelligence conditions are removed. creatures is the to protect it, create ‘male and awe making many think of God and wisdom and compassion to become • Some feel humans have This just happens no result of adaptation including: so worship him. enlightened and free oneself from no more rights than female, he created creator or God makes it (evolution) animals them’ happen • Only the fittest religious only God is powerful • ‘God made the world and gave the • The Buddha taught there are other • creatures survived teaching about duty of stewardship to worlds in which its possible to be reborn enough to create certain climates humans’(Genesis 1:28) as a human and that we are fortunate to life/evolution does through the use of stewardship, not cover why • Humans have the responsibility to be able to make ethical choices that are resources others dominion, look after the world including not available to other species creation happened, became extinct i.e. because God which is called responsibility, animals • Buddhists believe we have a responsibility to care for all living wanted to create life, natural selection awe and beings as well as the environment, to nor how life itself began, just how it wonder show compassion in order to reach enlightenment developed

• Some Buddhist say the world is amazing

without being created by anyone Christian view Buddhist view Non-religious Christian view Buddhist view Non-religious Contemporary British Contemporary British Attitudes /Scientific Attitudes views Beliefs • Believe in the • Buddhist believe in rebirth • Non religious people do not about physical • There is no permeant soul, believe in life after death. Abortion, • Life begins at conception • is key; • The 1967 Abortion Act death and of the body. rather a mix of ever- • The different views can including and life is sacred because • each situation is to made it legal if: an • At death the body changing Skandas; impact on humans views on situations it was created by God be judged separately • two doctors agree it is afterlife, waits until emotions, feelings, the value of life when the (Sanctity of life) • abortion goes against necessary. Judgement day. intelligence and so on. and their mother's • (Fundamentalists)The the precept not to • it is carried out on a Catholics call this • After death of the body, Roman take life; intention is registered premises. impact on life is at purgatory. this mix fuses with an egg believes that abortion is key; • the baby is not “viable” beliefs At Judgement each and sperm at conception risk. • always and that • each situation is to (capable of living outside about the person faces God • The thoughts actions and

there are other options to be judged separately the mother’s womb). value of and Jesus to evaluate intentions of each life Ethical abortion like adoption. • loving kindness • The latest legal date for human life. their deeds. If they shape the quality of the argument • The unborn child cannot needs to underpin an abortion currently were good in life next s related defend itself so it must be decisions and the stands at 24 weeks. they go to heaven in • The goal is to achieve protected. All life is in the reduction of • Abortion is wrong , the to which is paradise for enlightenment and stop hands of God and as He suffering. i.e if the child should be given up abortion, ever. If bad then hell being reborn determines life and death, mothers life is in for adoption for eternal including the situation should be left danger/ if a child is • Abortion may be best if punishment those in His hands. born with a severe there is something wrong based on • Humans are created in disbaility, has lots of with the Foetus and the Gods image and illustrated children already and there will be a poor • The sanctity of life is • Life is special because • Quality of life describes sanctity by one of the ten cant afford the baby quality of life or mothers The value commandments and will have a poor life is in danger/mental a belief that life is they believe people are how good a persons life is of life of Human • ‘ Thou shal lnot murder’ quality of life . harm (if a woman has sacred and God given striving for enlightenment how they feel , how life and • Many Anglicans (Liberalists) • Some Buddhists see been raped) or risk to so it needs to be comfortable , they are how quality of accept abortion as a abortion a s a form of existing children protected easy life is for them to live. life. necessary evil. For example if killing and therefore • Abortion is not murder It’s also about whether life the mother’s life is at risk as unskilful as a foetus is not a is worth living if they have a medical condition. Jesus taught the most person yet • Sometimes decisions are important thing is love and • Arguments for abortion is in some circumstances pro-choice and against is made about whether abortion may be allowed pro-life someone lives or dies in which quality of life is a key factor in cases of Euthanasia and abortion.

Test yourself Euthanasia • Roman Catholics believe • Life is special and • Is often known as mercy 1)Which of the following is the number of days Genesis states it took God to create euthanasia , especially active must be protected killing. the universe? A) Four B) Forty C) Six D) Sixty (1 mark) (where action is taken to end • The first precept is to • It is killing someone or a life directly) is always help not harm others helping them to die 2) Give two reasons why religious believers might oppose animal experimentation. (2marks) wrong • Dalia Lama has said: because they have a • They say life is sacred where a person is reduced quality of life 3)Explain two contrasting beliefs in contemporary British society about euthanasia. because it was created by going to die, and • It is illegal in the UK In your answer you should refer to the main religious traditions of Great Britain and one or God keeping them alive although some pole have more other religious traditions. (4 marks) • Euthanasia goes against the leads to more campaigned against this. 10 commandments ‘Do not suffering , then • Active Euthanasia is 4)Explain two religious beliefs about what happens when a person dies. kill’ termination of life is doing something to kill Refer to scripture or sacred writings in your answers. (5 marks) • Liberalists accept in some permitted under the somebody circumstances double effect Mahayana Buddhism • Passive is stopping 5)‘Religious believers should not eat meat’ Evaluate this statement. or passive euthanasia is ok keeping someone alive I need to focus on:

Using pages 92-107 write down the key terms definitions Religion and Life

Universe Sanctity of life Conservation Pollution wonder Euthanasia Fuels awe vegetarian responsibility Abortion

stewardship vegan Afterlife Pesticide dominion

Animal Rights Environment evolution Pro Life Natural resources Big Bang Theory Pro Choice abuse Adaption Charles Darwin Sustainable development Science Creation Non-renewable resources Quality of life Sustainable energy Conception deforestation

Renewable energy Abortion Deliberate ending of a pregnancy, intended to prevent new life. Afterlife Beliefs about what happens to ‘us’ after our body has died. Animal rights Belief that animals should be treated with respect, so have rights to adequate food/water/shelter/rest/freedom. Awe Sense of wonderment, often linked to the feeling that God is involved/revealed. Big Bang Theory Scientific theory about the origins of the universe – that the universe was created in a huge explosion. Charles Darwin The man who proposed the theory of evolution (19th century). Creation Belief that God created the world/universe from nothing, eg Genesis creation story. Conception Point at which sperm fertilises an egg to begin pregnancy. Conservation The practice of repairing/protecting the natural environment and/or animal species. Dominion Belief that humans have been given control/charge of the world. Environment The world around us, can be natural or artificial. Euthanasia Mercy killing; ending the life of a person who is terminally ill or has degenerative illness. Can be voluntary (person seeks this), or non-voluntary (person is on life support so family makes decision). Can be active (what is done kills directly), or passive (medical support removed to allow natural death). Evolution Scientific theory of the development of species, which comprises natural selection and survival of the fittest. Fossil fuels Coal, oil, gas – fuels that developed over millions of years beneath the earth’s surface. Hospice Place of medical care for the dying, but which also gives emotional support to the dying and their families. Natural resources Resources which are found in nature – fossil fuels, plants etc. Pesticide Chemicals used to kill pests, especially on farmed crops. Pro-life Stance of being anti-abortion and/or anti-euthanasia; many pressure groups exist with this view, eg SPUC. Pro-choice Stance of being for a woman’s right to decide what happens to her own body, which extends to the right to have an abortion. Quality of life How good or comfortable a person’s life is. Right to die Belief that a human has the right to end their life, or seek it to be ended if they want that. Sanctity of life Belief that life is sacred/special, because it was created by God, or because we are each unique individuals. Science Knowledge that comes from observed regularity in nature and experimentation. Stewardship Duty given by God to mankind to look after the created world, and all life within it. Sustainable energy Resources that are renewable and will not run out, eg solar, wind, etc. Quotes and Scripture from Buddhism

Teaching Source of Authority

All beings love life and happiness. Taking yourself for Buddha comparison, you should neither harm or kill, nor cause to harm or kill another being ‘Some are reborn as humans; evildoers are reborn in hell. Doers Dhammapada 126 of good are reborn in bliss and the pure enter Nibbana’

However innumerable sentient beings are; I vow to save them Bodhisattva vow

I believe that at every level of society, the key to a happier HH The 14th Dalai Lama and more successful world is the growth of compassion

Just as compassion is the wish that all sentient beings be free HH The 14th Dalai Lama of suffering, loving-kindness is the wish that all may enjoy happiness

Whoever injures with violence creatures desiring happiness…he Dhammapada 131 does not gain happiness when he has passed away

Whoever injures with violence creatures desiring happiness…he Dhammapada 131 does not gain happiness when he has passed away Quotes & scripture from Christianity

Teaching Source of authority

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all John 1:1–3 things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.

In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the Genesis 1:1–3. deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. God so loved the world that He gave His one and only son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life. John 3:16

He ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right had of the Father, and He will come to judge the living and the dead: I believe The Apostle’s Creed in…….. The resurrection of the body;And the life everlasting

I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. John 14:6

For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead, also comes through a man. For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all 1 Corinthians 15:21 will be made alive.

On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures Nicene Creed

“For the wages of sin is death, but the of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.” Romans 6:23

My home is in Heaven. I'm just traveling through this world. Billy Graham

Every sexual act should have the possibility of creating new life (1968 RC papal encyclical) That is why a man leaves his father and mother and is united to his wife, and they become one flesh Genesis 2:24

You don't choose your family. They are God's gift to you, as you are to them. Desmond Tutu

Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness Genesis 1:27

God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in Genesis 1:28 the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.”

The earth is the Lord’s, and everything in it Psalm 24:1

The righteous care for the needs of their animals Proverbs 12:10 Everything that lives and moves about will be food for you Genesis 9:3

Before I formed you in the womb I knew you Jeremiah 1:5

Blessed are the merciful Matthew 5:7

Women should remain silent in the churches 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 Revision Activities Pick at least 2 tasks to work on now and finish for homework. Harder Write your own revision Create a model answer guide for the unit. for a 12 mark question from the textbook. Create a revision poster Write a 20 question quiz for the unit. for your pair on the unit, then swap. Make 7 index cards with Create a glossary for all cover the key topic the key words

Easier areas. Topic checklist

Origins of the world

Origins of Human life

Environmental

Animal ethics

Abortion

Euthanasia

Beliefs about afterlife

Sanctity/value/quality of life