Narrative Tenets and the Inclusion of Music in the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Opening and Closing Ceremonies
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University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2013 Spectacle and Sport: Narrative Tenets and the Inclusion of Music in the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Opening and Closing Ceremonies Bethany-Marie Tovell University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Tovell, Bethany-Marie, "Spectacle and Sport: Narrative Tenets and the Inclusion of Music in the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Opening and Closing Ceremonies" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 5002. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5002 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). 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Spectacle and Sport: Narrative Tenets and the Inclusion of Music in the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Opening and Closing Ceremonies By Bethany-Marie Tovell A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Department of Kinesiology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Human Kinetics at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2013 © 2013 Bethany-Marie Tovell Spectacle and Sport: Narrative Tenets and the Inclusion of Music in the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Opening and Closing Ceremonies by Bethany-Marie Tovell APPROVED BY: ______________________________________________ P. Adamson Department of Music, School for Arts and Creative Innovation ______________________________________________ V. Paraschak Department of Kinesiology ______________________________________________ S. Martyn, Advisor Department of Kinesiology August 27, 2013 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this thesis and that no part of this thesis has been published or submitted for publication. I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. Furthermore, to the extent that I have included copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Canada Copyright Act, I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in my thesis and have included copies of such copyright clearances to my appendix. I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. iii ABSTRACT The present study examined the opening and closing ceremonies of the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games. The purpose was to investigate the narrative by employing Seymour Chatman’s theoretical model of narrative structure. The structure of the ceremonies was observed, denoting the events, actions, characters, setting and elements of expression, specifically music. Focusing on an interdisciplinary approach, the study provided a foundation for understanding the ceremonies as a spectacle, which relate to storytelling principles. Through a content analysis, media sources, news articles, musical recordings, an interview with the Music Director, and official documents from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) were examined. Additionally, the complete video footage of both ceremonies was instrumental in the data analysis. The analysis was categorized into pre-analysis, video analysis, and post-analysis. The results indicated that the ceremonies produced expressed a narrative as each component of the structure wove together and captured a unique story highlighting Canada. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to a number of individuals that have supported my research endeavours and shared in this experience. I extend my deepest appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Scott Martyn, for inspiring me throughout my undergraduate and graduate degree to pursue a shared research interest in the Olympic Movement. Thank you for your endless support and enthusiasm as you encouraged me on a research topic I am passionate about while presenting me with memorable opportunities and experiences. Thank you to Dr. Vicky Paraschak and Dr. Philip Adamson for their involvement on my thesis committee and for providing support and guidance thereby helping me expand my potential. I would also like to thank the Human Kinetics family, which includes many supportive faculty and staff members along with my fellow classmates. All of you have made this a fun, welcoming experience. A special thank you to my unwavering supportive family or as I like to refer to them, my “entourage.” Thank you especially to my parents, Leslie Anne and Brian, and siblings, Trevor, Jordan, and Alexis for their encouragement, and patience. Thank you to my closest friends these past two years. Sincere thanks to those who continually expressed interest and provided encouragement over the years with a special mention going to Ken Billey and Lou Pocock. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration of Originality ............................................................................................... iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... v List of Appendices .......................................................................................................... viii List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... ix Chapter I. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Background ....................................................................................................... 4 Endnotes ............................................................................................................ 7 II. Literature Review ............................................................................................ 9 Section I: Aesthetics, Ritual, and Spectacle ...................................................... 9 Aesthetic Beauty in Olympic Ceremonies ................................................ 10 Ceremony and Ritual ................................................................................ 12 Ceremony to Spectacle ............................................................................. 15 Section II: Narrative Theory ........................................................................... 18 Overview ................................................................................................... 20 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................. 23 Section III: Merging Music and Sport ............................................................ 25 Endnotes .......................................................................................................... 31 III. Methodology ................................................................................................. 36 Problem Statement .......................................................................................... 36 Direction of Study ........................................................................................... 37 Data Sources ................................................................................................... 39 Data Analysis .................................................................................................. 41 Limitations ...................................................................................................... 42 Delimitations ................................................................................................... 43 Endnotes .......................................................................................................... 45 IV. Findings ......................................................................................................... 46 Section I: Pre-Analysis ................................................................................... 47 vi Section II: Analysis ......................................................................................... 53 Opening Ceremony ................................................................................... 54 Closing Ceremony .................................................................................... 62 Section III: Post-Analysis ..............................................................................