Augustine: Second Edition Edited by David Vincent Meconi and Eleonore Stump Frontmatter More Information

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the cambridge companion to AUGUSTINE

Each volume of this series of companions to major philosophers contains specially commissioned essays by an international team of scholars, together with a substantial bibliography, and will serve as a reference work for students and non-specialists. One aim of the series is to dispel the intimidation such readers often feel when faced with the work of a difficult and challen- ging thinker. It has been over a decade since the first edition of The Cambridge Companion to Augustine was published. In that time, reflection on Augustine’s life and labors has continued to bear much fruit: significant new studies into major aspects of his thinking have appeared, as well as studies of his life and times and new translations of his work. This new edition of the Companion, which replaces the earlier volume, has eleven new chapters, revised versions of others, and a comprehensive updated bibliography. It will furnish students and scholars of Augustine with a rich resource on a philosopher whose work continues to inspire discussion and debate.

david vincent meconi, s.j., is Assistant Professor in the Department of Theological Studies at Saint Louis University. His most recent books include The Confessions: Saint Augustine of Hippo (2012) and The One Christ: St. Augustine’s Theology of Deiﬁcation (2013). eleonore stump is the Robert J. Henle Professor of Philosophy at Saint Louis University, where she has taught since 1992. Her books include her major study Aquinas (2003) and her extensive treatment of the problem of evil, Wandering in Darkness: Narrative and the Problem of Suffering (2010).

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02533-2 - The Cambridge Companion to Augustine: Second Edition Edited by David Vincent Meconi and Eleonore Stump Frontmatter More information

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ABELARD Edited by jeffrey e. brower and kevin guilfoy ADORNO Edited by thomas huhn ANCIENT SCEPTICISM Edited by richard bett ANSELM Edited by brian davies and brian leftow AQUINAS Edited by norman kretzmann and eleonore stump ARABIC PHILOSOPHY Edited by peter adamson and richard c. taylor HANNAH ARENDT Edited by dana villa ARISTOTLE Edited by jonathan barnes ARISTOTLE’S POLITICS Edited by marguerite deslauriers and paul destre´ e ATHEISM Edited by michael martin AUGUSTINE 2nd edition Edited by david meconi and eleonore stump BACON Edited by markku peltonen BERKELEY Edited by kenneth p. winkler BOETHIUS Edited by john marenbon BRENTANO Edited by dale jacquette CARNAP Edited by michael friedman and richard creath CONSTANT Edited by helena rosenblatt CRITICAL THEORY Edited by fred rush DARWIN 2nd edition Edited by jonathan hodge and gregory radick SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR Edited by claudia card DELEUZE Edited by daniel w. smith and henry somers-hall DESCARTES Edited by john cottingham DESCARTES’ MEDITATIONS Edited by david cunning DEWEY Edited by molly cochran DUNS SCOTUS Edited by thomas williams

EARLY GREEK PHILOSOPHY Edited by a. a. long EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY Edited by donald rutherford EPICUREANISM Edited by james warren EXISTENTIALISM Edited by steven crowell FEMINISM IN PHILOSOPHY Edited by miranda fricker and jennifer hornsby FOUCAULT 2nd edition Edited by gary gutting FREGE Edited by tom ricketts and michael potter FREUD Edited by jerome neu GADAMER Edited by robert j. dostal GALEN Edited by r. j. hankinson GALILEO Edited by peter machamer GERMAN IDEALISM Edited by karl ameriks GREEK AND ROMAN PHILOSOPHY Edited by david sedley HABERMAS Edited by stephen k. white HAYEK Edited by edward feser HEGEL Edited by frederick c. beiser HEGEL AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY PHILOSOPHY Edited by frederick c. beiser HEIDEGGER 2nd edition Edited by charles guignon HOBBES Edited by tom sorell HOBBES’S ‘LEVIATHAN’ Edited by patricia springborg HUME 2nd edition Edited by david fate norton and jacqueline taylor HUSSERL Edited by barry smith and david woodruff smith WILLIAM JAMES Edited by ruth anna putnam KANT Edited by paul guyer KANT AND MODERN PHILOSOPHY Edited by paul guyer KANT’S ‘CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON’ Edited by paul guyer

KEYNES roger e. backhouse and bradley w. bateman KIERKEGAARD Edited by alastair hannay and gordon daniel marino LEIBNIZ Edited by nicholas jolley LEVINAS Edited by simon critchley and robert bernasconi LIFE AND DEATH Edited by steven luper LOCKE Edited by vere chappell LOCKE’S ‘ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING’ Edited by lex newman LOGICAL EMPIRICISM Edited by alan richardson and thomas uebel MAIMONIDES Edited by kenneth seeskin MALEBRANCHE Edited by steven nadler MARX Edited by terrell carver MEDIEVAL JEWISH PHILOSOPHY Edited by daniel h. frank and oliver leaman MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY Edited by a. s. mcgrade MERLEAU-PONTY Edited by taylor carman and mark b. n. hansen MILL Edited by john skorupski MONTAIGNE Edited by ullrich langer NEWTON Edited by i. bernard cohen and george e. smith NIETZSCHE Edited by bernd magnus and kathleen higgins NOZICK’S ‘ANARCHY, STATE AND UTOPIA’ Edited by ralf bader and john meadowcroft OAKESHOTT Edited by efraim podoksik OCKHAM Edited by paul vincent spade THE ‘ORIGIN OF SPECIES’ Edited by michael ruse and robert j. richards PASCAL Edited by nicholas hammond PEIRCE Edited by cheryl misak

PHILO Edited by adam kamesar THE PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY Edited by david l. hull and michael ruse PIAGET Edited by ulrich mu¨ ller, jeremy i. m. carpendale and leslie smith PLATO Edited by richard kraut PLATO’S ‘REPUBLIC’ Edited by g. r. f. ferrari PLOTINUS Edited by lloyd p. gerson PRAGMATISM Edited by alan malachowski QUINE Edited by roger f. gibson jr. RAWLS Edited by samuel freeman RENAISSANCE PHILOSOPHY Edited by james hankins THOMAS REID Edited by terence cuneo and rene´ van woudenberg ROUSSEAU Edited by patrick riley BERTRAND RUSSELL Edited by nicholas griffin SARTRE Edited by christina howells SCHOPENHAUER Edited by christopher janaway THE SCOTTISH ENLIGHTENMENT Edited by alexander broadie ADAM SMITH Edited by knud haakonssen SOCRATES Edited by donald morrison SPINOZA Edited by don garrett SPINOZA’S ‘ETHICS’ Edited by olli koistinen THE STOICS Edited by brad inwood LEO STRAUSS Edited by steven b. smith TOCQUEVILLE Edited by cheryl b. welch UTILITARIANISM Edited by ben eggleston and dale miller VIRTUE ETHICS Edited by daniel c. russell WITTGENSTEIN Edited by hans sluga and david stern

The Cambridge Companion to AUGUSTINE

Second Edition

Edited by David Vincent Meconi, S.J. St. Louis University

and

Eleonore Stump St. Louis University

University Printing House, Cambridge cb2 8bs, United Kingdom

Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107680739 © Cambridge University Press 2014 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First edition ﬁrst published 2001 Second edition ﬁrst published 2014 Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Catalouging in Publication data The Cambridge companion to Augustine / edited by David Vincent Meconi, S.J., St. Louis University and Eleonore Stump, St. Louis University. – SECOND EDITION. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-1-107-02533-2 (Hardback : alk. paper) – isbn 978-1-107-68073-9 (Pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo. I. Meconi, David Vincent, editor of compilation. b655.z7c35 2014 1890.2–dc23 2014007612 isbn 978-1-107-02533-2 Hardback isbn 978-1-107-68073-9 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

For Norman Kretzmann (†1998), teacher and friend, and for John Kavanaugh (†2012), friend and brother in the Society of Jesus

contents

Notes on contributors page xiii Preface xix List of abbreviations xxi Introduction 1 eleonore stump and david vincent meconi, s.j.

Part I The nature of God 1 The divine nature: being and goodness 17 scott macdonald 2 God’s eternal knowledge according to Augustine 37 john c. cavadini 3 Augustine on the triune life of God 60 lewis ayres

Part II God’s relation to the world 4 Time and creation in Augustine 81 simo knuuttila 5 Augustine on evil and original sin 98 william e. mann 6 Jesus Christ, the knowledge and wisdom of God 108 allan ﬁtzgerald, o.s.a.

xii Table of contents

Part III Human nature 7 The human soul: Augustine’s case for soul–body dualism 125 bruno niederbacher, s.j. 8 Augustine on knowledge 142 peter king 9 Augustine on free will 166 eleonore stump

Part IV Human excellence 10 Augustine’s ethics 189 timothy chappell 11 Augustine’s doctrine of deiﬁcation 208 david vincent meconi, s.j.

Part V Political and ecclesial life 12 Augustine’s political philosophy 231 paul weithman 13 Heaven and the ecclesia perfecta in Augustine 251 david vincent meconi, s.j.

Part VI Language and faith 14 Faith and reason 275 john peter kenney 15 Augustine on language 292 peter king 16 Hermeneutics and reading Scripture 311 thomas williams

Part VII Augustine’s legacy 17 Augustine’s legacy: success or failure? 331 karla pollmann

Bibliography 349 Index 367

notes on contributors

lewis ayres is Professor of Catholic and Historical Theology at the University of Durham, UK. Among other publications, he has authored Augustine and the Trinity (Cambridge, 2010) and Nicaea and its Legacy: An Approach to Fourth Century Trinitarian The- ology (2004), and is co-editor (with Frances Young and Andrew Louth) of The Cambridge History of Early Christian Literature (Cambridge, 2004). He serves on the editorial boards of Modern Theology, Journal of Early Christian Studies, and Augustinian Studies. He is currently working on a book concerning Patristic Exegesis between 150 and 250 and co-editing (with Medi Ann Volpe) the Oxford Handbook of Catholic Theology.

john c. cavadini is Professor of Theology and the McGrath– Cavadini Director of the Institute for Church Life at the University of Notre Dame. He completed his undergraduate degree in 1975 at Wesleyan and, in addition to receiving an MA from Marquette, he also received an MA, an M.Phil., and a Ph.D. from Yale University. His main areas of research and teaching are in patristic and early medieval theology, with special interests in the theology of August- ine and in the history of biblical exegesis, both Eastern and Western, as well as in the reception and interpretation of patristic thought in the West.

timothy chappell is Professor of Philosophy at the Open Univer- sity. He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, and the Faculty of Divinity in Edinburgh. He has previously taught in universities including Oxford, Manchester, and UEA. He has been a Visiting Professor at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, at

xiii

xiv Notes on contributors

the University of Oslo, at the University of Reykjavik, in the School of Latin and Greek and in the Centre for Ethics, Philosophy, and Public Affairs in St Andrews, and at the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities in Edinburgh. Since 2000 he has been Treasurer of the Mind Association, and Associate Editor and Reviews Editor of The Philosophical Quarterly. His books include Understanding Human Goods (2003), Reading Plato’s Theaetetus (2005), and Ethics and Experience (2009); his next book will be Knowing What to Do: Virtue, Imagination, and Platonism in Ethics (forthcoming).

allan ﬁtzgerald, o.s.a., is the Director of the Augustinian Institute (since 2009) and member of the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Villanova University (since 1972). Editor of the journal published by Villanova University, Augustinian Studies, from 1989 until 2012, he is also the General Editor of Augustine Through the Ages: an Encyclopedia (1999). His articles on penance, Ambrose, and Augustine have been published in Revue des Etudes Augustiniennes et Patristiques, Connaisance des Pères, Angelicum, Augustiniana, Augustinian Studies, Revista Agustini- ana, and Augustinianum. He also taught at the Istituto Patristico ‘Augustinianum’ from 1997 to 2009.

john peter kenney is Professor of Religious Studies at Saint Michael’s College. He was previously Professor of Religion and Humanities at Reed College and then Dean of the College at Saint Michael’s. He studied Classics and Philosophy at Bowdoin College and completed his Ph.D. in Religious Studies at Brown University. He is the author of Mystical Monotheism: A Study in Ancient Platonic Theology (1991), The Mysticism of Saint Augustine: Rereading the Confessions (2005), and Contemplation and Classical Christianity: A Study in Augustine (2013).

peter king is Professor of Philosophy and of Medieval Studies at the University of Toronto; he previously taught at the University of Pittsburgh and the Ohio State University. He has translated August- ine’s Against the Academicians and The Teacher for Hackett Pub- lishing Company, and more recently The Free Choice of the Will, Grace and Free Will, and other writings for Cambridge University

Notes on contributors xv

Press. King is the author of several essays in all areas of medieval philosophy and has written extensively on Augustine.

simo knuuttila is Professor of Theological Ethics and the Philoso- phy of Religion at the University of Helsinki. His publications include Modalities in Medieval Philosophy (1993), Emotions in Ancient and Medieval Philosophy, and numerous articles on the history of logic, semantics, the philosophy of mind, and philosophical theology. He is also editor of many books on the history of philosophy and the managing editor of The New Synthese Historical Library.

scott macdonald is Professor of Philosophy and Norma K. Regan Professor in Christian Studies at Cornell University. His research interests include ancient and medieval philosophy, early Christian thought, philosophical theology, and issues in moral psychology and the philosophy of action – especially those concerned with free will, moral responsibility, and practical reasoning. He has published widely in these areas and is currently at work on projects on August- ine’s Confessions, De trinitate, and De genesi ad litteram.

william e. mann is the Marsh Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy Emeritus at the University of Vermont. His research interests are primarily in the areas of philosophy of religion and medieval philosophy; within those areas he focuses on philosophical theology, metaphysics, and ethics. He edited The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Religion and Augustine’s Confessions: Critical Essays. He has contributed essays for the Cambridge Companions to Duns Scotus, Abelard, and Anselm, and The Cambridge History of Medieval Philosophy. He is the editor of Augustine’s “Confessions”: Philosophy as Autobiography (2014).

david vincent meconi, s.j., is a professor in the Department of Theological Studies at Saint Louis University. He holds the pontif- ical license in Patrology from the University of Innsbruck and a D.Phil. in Ecclesiastical History from Oxford University. He has published widely in the area of patristic thought, specializing in Augustine’s philosophy and theology. His most recent books include the Annotated Confessions of Saint Augustine (2012) and The One Christ: St. Augustine’s Theology of Deiﬁcation (2013). In 2013 he

xvi Notes on contributors

served as the president of the Jesuit Philosophical Association, and in 2014 he was the Patricia H. Imbesi Fellow of Augustinian Studies at Villanova University.

bruno niederbacher, s.j., is Associate Professor of Philosophy in the Department of Christian Philosophy at the University of Inns- bruck. His main research interests are in medieval philosophy and in metaethics, especially in moral epistemology. He is the author of Glaube als Tugend bei Thomas von Aquin (2004), Erkenntnistheorie moralischer Überzeugungen (2012), and the co-editor of Theologie als Wissenschaft im Mittelalter (2006). He has contributed to Per- sonal Identity and Resurrection: How do we Survive our Death? (2010) and The Oxford Handbook of Aquinas (2012).

karla pollmann holds degrees in Classics, Divinity, and Educa- tion, and is currently Professor of Classics at the University of Kent, Canterbury, Adjunct Professor of Theology at Århus University, Denmark, and Professor Extraordinary at Stellenbosch University, South Africa. She is widely known for her monographs on late antique poetry, on Augustine’s hermeneutics and his cultural con- text, and a commentary, with introduction and text, on Statius, Thebaid 12, which all have become standard works of reference. She recently completed a world-leading international and interdis- ciplinary project on the reception of Augustine through the ages, generously funded by the Leverhulme Trust (see www.st-and.ac. uk/classics/after-augustine), which resulted in the publication of the Oxford Guide to the Historical Reception of Augustine (2013). She is co-editor of various international academic journals in Clas- sics and Theology, has held various prestigious scholarships, and was a fellow at the Institutes of Advanced Study at Princeton and in Wassenaar in the Netherlands. She has an international reputation as a speaker and delivered the Eleventh Annual Augustine Lectures in 2007 in Malta under the patronage of the President of the Repub- lic, and the fourth Fliedner Lecture on Science and Faith in Madrid in May 2013.

eleonore stump is the Robert J. Henle Professor of Philosophy at Saint Louis University, where she has taught since 1992. She has published extensively in philosophy of religion, contemporary

Notes on contributors xvii

metaphysics, and medieval philosophy. Her books include her major study Aquinas (2003) and her extensive treatment of the problem of evil, Wandering in Darkness: Narrative and the Problem of Suffering (2010). She has given the Gifford Lectures (Aberdeen, 2003), the Wilde lectures (Oxford, 2006), and the Stewart lectures (Princeton, 2009). She is past president of the Society of Christian Philosophers, the American Catholic Philosophical Association, and the American Philosophical Association, Central Division; and she is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

paul weithman is Glynn Family Honors Collegiate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame, where he has taught since 1990. He is the author of numerous articles on contemporary political philosophy, ethics, and medieval political theory. His most recent book is Why Political Liberalism? On John Rawls’s Political Turn (2010).

thomas williams is Professor and Chair of Religious Studies and Professor of Philosophy at the University of South Florida. He is the co-author, with Sandra Visser, of Anselm (2008), translator of Anselm: Basic Writings (2007) and Augustine: On Free Choice of the Will (1993), editor of The Cambridge Companion to Duns Scotus (2003), and co-editor, with Arthur Hyman and James J. Walsh, of Philosophy in the Middle Ages, 3rd edn (2010). He has contributed to the Cambridge History of Medieval Philosophy (2009), the Black- well Companion to the Philosophy of Action (2010), the Oxford Handbook to Thomas Aquinas (2012) and the History of Ethics (2013), and the Cambridge Companions to Anselm (2005), Abelard (2004), and Medieval Philosophy (2003). His articles have appeared in journals such as Anglican Theological Review, Modern Theology, Philosophy and Literature, Apeiron, Faith and Philosophy, Journal of the History of Philosophy, and Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie.

preface

This volume is a greatly revised version of the earlier Cambridge Companion to Augustine. The earlier version was co-edited by one of us, Eleonore Stump, together with Norman Kretzmann. When he undertook the project that culminated in the earlier volume, Norman knew that he was dying of cancer; the earlier volume was one of the last joint projects in the long and fruitful collaboration between him and Eleonore Stump. With his death, the field of the history of philosophy lost one of its most accomplished scholars, and we are sad that this revised volume has not had the benefit of his care, thoughtfulness, and expertise. Nonetheless, the volume has profited from the proficiency of its many new contributors as well as the capable work of previous contributors. It has also benefited from its new editor, David Vincent Meconi, S.J., whose expertise in patristics and the history of theology has been invaluable in broadening the range of this collection. We appreciate the help and advice of Hilary Gaskin as well as the work of all our production team at Cambridge in every stage of the production of this volume. We would like also to express our great gratitude to Barbara Manning, the administrative assistant for this project; Andrew Chronister; and Joel Archer, the research assistant for the entire volume. Barbara Manning’s administrative skill and intelligent man- agement of the complexities of this project were an invaluable help. Andrew Chronister carefully and very competently proofread many of these pages. Joel Archer’s patient labor and competent help with the bibliography, citations, and proof-reading were vital for the project’s success.

xix

xx Preface

Finally, we have dedicated this volume to Norman Kretzmann and to John Kavanaugh, dear friend, fellow teacher and lover of Augustine, and brother in the Society of Jesus, who died after a short illness some months before it went to press.

abbreviations

works by augustine

Abbreviations Latin titles English titles

c. Acad. Contra Academicos Against the Skeptics adn. Job Adnotationes in Job Comments on Job agon. De agone Christiano On the Christian Struggle quant. De animae quantitate On the Greatness of the Soul bapt. De baptism On Baptism b. vita De beata vita On the Happy Life b. conjug. De bono conjugali On the Good of Marriage cat. rud. De catechizandis rudibus On the Instruction of Beginners civ. Dei De civitate Dei City of God conf. Confessiones Confessions cons. Ev. De consensu Evangelistarum On Agreement among the Evangelists cont. De continentia On Continence corrept. De correptione et gratia On Admonition and Grace dial. De dialectica On Dialectic div. qu. De diversis quaestionibus On Eighty-Three Varied octoginta tribus Questions doc. Chr. De doctrina Christiana Christian Teaching en. Ps. Enarrationes in Psalmos Explanations of the Psalms ench. Enchiridion ad Laurentium de A Handbook on Faith, ﬁde spe et caritate Hope, and Love

xxi

xxii List of abbreviations

(cont.)

Abbreviations Latin titles English titles

ep. (epp.) Epistulae Letters ep. Rm. inch. Epistulae ad Romanos inchoata Unfinished Commentary expositio on the Letter to the Romans ex. Gal. Expositio Epistulae ad Galatas Commentary on the Letter to the Galatians ex. prop. Rm. Expositio quarundam Commentary on propositionum ex epistula Statements in the Letter Apostoli ad Romanos to the Romans c. Faust. Contra Faustum Manicheum Against Faustus, a Manichee f. invis. De fide rerum invisibilium On Faith in the Unseen f. et symb. De fide et symbolo On Faith and the Creed c. Gaud. Contra Gaudentium Against Gaudentius, a Donatistarum episcopum Bishop of the Donatists Gn. litt. De Genesi ad litteram On the Literal Interpretation of Genesis Gn. litt. imp. De Genesi ad litteram On the Literal imperfectus liber Interpretation of Genesis, an Unfinished Book Gn. adv. De Genesi adversus On Genesis, against the Man. Manichaeos Manichees gr. et lib. arb. De gratia et libero arbitrio On Grace and Free Will gr. et pecc. or. De gratia Christi et de peccato On the Grace of Christ and originali Original Sin haer. De haeresibus On Heresies imm. an. De immortalitate animae On the Immortality of the Soul Jo. ev. tr. In Johannis evangelium Tractates on the Gospel of tractatus John c. Jul. imp. Opus imperfectum contra Against Julian, an Julianum Unfinished Book lib. arb. De libero arbitrio On Free Will mag. De magistro On the Teacher mend. De mendacio On Lying c. mend. Contra mendacium Against Lying mor. De moribus ecclesiae On the Catholic and the catholicae et de moribus Manichaean Ways of Life Manichaeorum

List of abbreviations xxiii

(cont.)

Abbreviations Latin titles English titles

mus. De musica On Music nat. b. De natura boni On the Nature of the Good nat. et gr. De natura et gratia On Nature and Grace ord. De ordine On Order pecc. mer. De peccatorum meritis et On the Punishment and remissione Forgiveness of Sins perf. just. De perfectione justitiae On the Perfection of hominis Human Righteousness persev. De dono perseverantiae On the Gift of Perseverance praed. sanct. De praedestinatione sanctorum On the Predestination of the Saints c. Prisc. Contra Priscillianistas Against the Priscillianists qu. Quaestiones in Heptateuchum Questions on the Heptateuch qu. Ev. Quaestiones Evangeliorum Questions on the Gospels qu. vet. T. De octo quaestionibus ex Veteri On Eight Questions from Testamento the Old Testament retr. Retractationes Reconsiderations rhet. De rhetorica On Rhetoric c. Sec. Contra Secundinum Against Secundinus, a Manicheum Manichee s. Sermones Sermons s. Dom. mon. De sermone Domini in monte On the Lord’s Sermon on the Mount Simpl. Ad Simplicianum To Simplicianus sol. Soliloquia The Soliloquies spec. Speculum The Mirror spir. et litt. De spiritu et littera On the Spirit and the Letter Trin. De Trinitate The Trinity util. cred. De utilitate credendi On the Advantage of Believing vera rel. De vera religione On True Religion

xxiv List of abbreviations

standard editions of augustine’s works

BA Bibliothèque Augustinienne, Oeuvres de Saint Augustin. Paris: Desclée de Brouwer 1949– CCL Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina. Turnhout: Brepols, 1953– CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum. Vienna: Tempsky, 1865– PL Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Latina, ed. J. P. Migne. Paris: Garnier, 1844–64 PG Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca, ed. J. P. Migne. Paris: Garnier, 1857–66