Det Nationale Kompromis – Kanslergadeforliget I 1933
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Eugenics As a Science and As a Social Movement 135
Social Movements in the Nordic Countries since 1900 133 David Redvaldsen links: David Redvaldsen rechts: Eugenics as a Science and as a Social Eugenics as a Science Movement and as a Social Movement The Cases of Denmark and Norway 1900–1950 Abstract The article compares Danish and Norwegian eugenics in the first half of the twentieth century. It especially investigates sterilisation and racism, both of which are associated with the doctrine. However, it argues that the laws of 1929, 1934 and 1935 allowing steri- lisation in Denmark were accepted as means to combat sexual offences. The comparative method supports such a contention, as the Norwegian sterilisation law of 1934 is found to have developed along parallel lines. Neither country had a functioning eugenics soci- ety. Therefore the doctrine was the provenance of scientists and other experts. Popular- isation attempts met resistance from specialists. Eugenics could nevertheless be applied to debates about criminality or race. Similarities between the Danish and Norwegian versions outweighed differences. But in Denmark there was a greater focus on the per- nicious societal effects of “feeblemindedness” than in Norway. Conversely, Norwegian eugenics was more racist than Danish. Introduction From its inception, the system of thought known as eugenics had a dual nature: it was both a field of scientific endeavour and an ideology.1 Francis Galton (1822–1911), its British originator, advocated eugenics being brought into the national consciousness as a new religion. He also conducted careful statistical investigations underpinning racial improvement as a science. The doctrine was global in its reach, as exemplified by the 1912 International Congress of Eugenics held in London and its follow-up in 1921 in New York. -
HISTORIER OM DEMOKRATI Tre Vinkler På Demokratiets Etablering I Danmark Ca
HISTORIER OM DEMOKRATI Tre vinkler på demokratiets etablering i Danmark ca. 1848-1915 Simon Ege Dahl Kjærsgaard Historier om demokrati. Tre vinkler på demokratiets etab- lering i Danmark ca. 1848-1945 © Simon Ege Dahl Kjærsgaard og danmarkshistorien.dk 2018 Tilrettelæggelse og layout: Simon Ege Dahl Kjærsgaard ISBN: 978-87-999852-6-5 danmarkshistorien.dk Institut for Kultur og Samfund Aarhus Universitet Jens Chr. Skous Vej 5 8000 Aarhus C www.danmarkshistorien.dk HISTORIER OM DEMOKRATI Tre vinkler på demokratiets etablering i Danmark ca. 1848-1945 Simon Ege Dahl Kjærsgaard Indhold 6 Forord – mest for læreren 8 KAPITEL 1: HVAD MENER DU MED DEMOKRATI? 9 Litteratur 10 KAPITEL 2: GRUNDLOVEN OG DET POLITISKE SYSTEM 11 Den enevældige helstat og stænderforsamlingerne 12 Opposition og politiske krav 14 Marts 1848 16 ”Forfatteren tænker højt” 18 Den Grundlovgivende Rigsforsamling og Junigrundloven 20 Den gennemsete Grundlov 1866 20 Forfatningskampen og Systemskiftet 22 Partisystemet 22 Demokratisk udvidelse – Grundloven 1915 23 Kritik og endeligt gennemslag 25 Efter 2. verdenskrig 26 Kildeafsnit: Var junigrundloven demokratisk? Kilde 2.1: Uddrag af Danmarks Riges Grundlov, 5. juni 1849 (Junigrundloven) Kilde 2.2: J.C. Drewsen: Tale i Den Grundlovgivende Rigsforsamling Kilde 2.3: Ditlev Ræder: Tale i Den Grundlovgivende Rigsforsamling Kilde 2.4: Orla Lehmann: Tale i Vejle 1861 Kilde 2.5: Bertel Nygaard: Om Junigrundloven var demokratisk? 33 Litteratur 34 KAPITEL 3: DEMOKRATI – ET BEGREB I FORANDRING 34 Da julen blev afskaffet 36 Fra oldtid til genopdagelse -
Theory in Nazi Occupied Denmark Katherine Greenwood [email protected]
Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs) Spring 5-2016 “Not With an Iron Fist, But With a Velvet Glove”: The Go‘ od Germans’ Theory in Nazi Occupied Denmark Katherine Greenwood [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Greenwood, Katherine, "“Not With an Iron Fist, But With a Velvet Glove”: The Good‘ Germans’ Theory in Nazi Occupied Denmark" (2016). Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs). 2192. https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2192 “Not With an Iron Fist, But With a Velvet Glove”: The ‘Good Germans’ Theory in Nazi Occupied Denmark By Katherine Greenwood Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree: Master of Arts Department of History Seton Hall University May 2016 © 2016 Katherine Greenwood Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter I: “On principle we will do our utmost to make the operation appear as a peaceful occupation.” ................................................................................................................................. 3 Chapter II: “The canary bird of a murderer.” .............................................................................. 11 Chapter III: “I gather a situation -
Socio-Economic Institutions, Organized Interests and Partisan Politics: the Development of Vocational Education in Denmark and Sweden Michael Dobbins1,* and Marius R
Erschienen in: Socio-Economic Review ; 13 (2015), 2. - S. 259-284 Article Socio-economic institutions, organized interests and partisan politics: the development of vocational education in Denmark and Sweden Michael Dobbins1,* and Marius R. Busemeyer2 1Goethe University of Frankfurt, Institute of Political Science, Grüneburgplatz 1, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland, Germany, and 2University of Konstanz, Fach D 79, D-78457 Konstaz, Germany *Correspondence: [email protected] frankfurt.de Abstract Although Sweden and Denmark are regarded as typical social democratic welfare states, there are significant differences in the institutional set-up of their skill forma- tion systems. In Sweden, vocational education is fully integrated into secondary edu- cation, while Denmark is characterized by strong involvement of employers via workplace-based apprenticeships. This article aims to explain these different paths of development and their political sustainability, while providing general insights on the dynamics of institutional change in advanced political economies. We demon- strate how firm size had crucial implications for skill formation policies during the phase of industrialization, while the partisan balance of power became highly influen- tial in the post-war decades. An additional key observation is that once a critical junc- ture is passed, actors adopt their strategies and preferences to reflect the new institutional context. As a consequence, the skill formation regimes of both countries remained relatively stable after the 1980s. Key words: education, Scandinavia, institutional change, varieties of capitalism, governance, human capital JEL classification: P16, I21, P51 1. Introduction Although Sweden and Denmark are regarded as typical social democratic welfare states (Esping Andersen, 1990), there are significant differences in the institutional set up of their skill formation systems. -
Different Paths Towards Autonomy
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Sagnfræði Different paths towards autonomy: A comparison of the political status of the Faroe Islands and th Iceland in the first half of the 19 century Ritgerð til B. A.- prófs Regin Winther Poulsen Kt.: 111094-3579 Leiðbeinandi: Anna Agnarsdóttir Janúar 2018 Abstract This dissertation is a comparison of the political status of Iceland and the Faroe Islands within the Danish kingdom during the first half of the 19th century. Though they share a common history, the two dependencies took a radically different path towards autonomy during this period. Today Iceland is a republic while the Faroes still are a part of the Danish kingdom. This study examines the difference between the agendas of the two Danish dependencies in the Rigsdagen, the first Danish legislature, when it met for the first time in 1848 to discuss the first Danish constitution, the so-called Junigrundloven. In order to explain why the political agendas of the dependencies were so different, it is necessary to study in detail the years before 1848. The administration, trade and culture of the two dependencies are examined in order to provide the background for the discussion of the quite different political status Iceland and the Faroes had within the Danish kingdom. Furthermore, the debates in the Danish state assemblies regarding the re-establishment of the Alþingi in 1843 are discussed in comparison to the debates in the same assemblies regarding the re-establishment of the Løgting in 1844 and 1846. Even though the state assemblies received similar petitions from both dependencies, Alþingi was re-established in 1843, while the same did not happen with the Løgting in the Faroes. -
The History Canon Project As Politics of Identity: Renationalizing History Education in Denmark’
Haas, C. (2018) ‘The history canon project as politics of identity: Renationalizing history education in Denmark’. History Education Research Journal, 15 (2): 180–92. DOI https://doi.org/10.18546/HERJ.15.2.02 The history canon project as politics of identity: Renationalizing history education in Denmark Claus Haas* – Aarhus University, Denmark Abstract In 2009, the Danish nation state implemented a history canon, Historie 09, as an obligatory part of the history national curriculum in primary and lower secondary schools. The history canon was part of a high-profile ‘cultural battle’ that the Danish liberal–conservative political and intellectual elite initiated during the first decade of the twenty-first century – a conflict that also included several other curricular canons. The Danish history curriculum was meant to satisfy three aims: (1) to bolster students with historical cultural ballast as they are prepared to be a part of the globalized economy and community; (2) to revitalize a chronologically structured master narrative about the historical and cultural origins of the Danish nation; and (3) to incorporate history teaching into an ongoing political struggle against some of the possible consequences of increasing cultural and religious diversity in Denmark – and, accordingly, to further a re-traditionalized vision of Denmark as a culturally homogeneous society, presumably existing as distinct from the membership of a heterogeneous European Union. This paper analyses the background of the history canon project in terms of educational policy, how it was realized in the revised history curriculum of 2009, which is still in force, and finally how representatives of the political elite who framed the history canon interpret the history curriculum. -
Reclaiming Action — Progressive Strategies in Times of Growing
Reclaiming action — PRogRessive stRategies in times of gRowing Right-wing PoPulism in DenmaRk, noRway, sweDen anD geRmany Edited by Christian Krell, Henri Möllers and Niklas Ferch Right-wing populist parties are on the rise almost everywhere in Europe. In the Scandinavian coun- tries, too, where Social Democracy has had the most decisive influence on the development of a solidary society and an inclusive and emancipatory welfare model, policymakers face increasingly substantial difficulties in forming government coalitions vis-à- vis aspiring competitors who have emerged on the far right in recent decades. In light of the remark- able rise of right-wing populism in Germany and its growing presence in parliaments and discourses, the volume at hand contextualizes and compares the growth of right-wing populism in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Germany. Based on the identification of ideal-typical strategies applied by progressive par - ties towards right-wing populist parties in the past and in the present, the authors evaluate the success of various strategies and develop recommendations for progressive and sustainable actions to »reclaim action« against right-wing populist parties. In doing so, the volume addresses both scientists and policy- makers as well as the interested public. ISBN: 978-3-96250-166-2 Reclaiming action — PRogRessive stRategies in times of gRowing Right-wing PoPulism in DenmaRk, noRway, sweDen anD geRmany Edited by Christian Krell, Henri Möllers and Niklas Ferch RECLAIMING Action — PROGRESSIVE STRATEGIES IN TIMES OF GROWING -
Anti-Fascism in a Global Perspective
ANTI-FASCISM IN A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Transnational Networks, Exile Communities, and Radical Internationalism Edited by Kasper Braskén, Nigel Copsey and David Featherstone First published 2021 ISBN: 978-1-138-35218-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-35219-3 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-05835-6 (ebk) Chapter 5 ‘Make Scandinavia a bulwark against fascism!’: Hitler’s seizure of power and the transnational anti-fascist movement in the Nordic countries Kasper Braskén (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) This OA chapter is funded by the Academy of Finland (project number 309624) 5 ‘MAKE SCANDINAVIA A BULWARK AGAINST FASCISM!’ Hitler’s seizure of power and the transnational anti-fascist movement in the Nordic countries Kasper Braskén On a global scale, Hitler’s seizure of power on 30 January 1933 provided urgent impetus for transnational anti-fascist conferences and rallies. One of the first Eur- opean, but almost completely overlooked major conferences was organised in Copenhagen in mid-April 1933 in the form of a Scandinavian Anti-Fascist Con- ference. This formed a transnational meeting point of European and especially Scandinavian workers and intellectuals that provided an important first response to developments in Germany. The chapter will use the Scandinavian conference as a prism to look back at anti-fascist activism in the Nordic countries during the preceding years, and to then follow its transformation after 1933. It will contribute to the global analysis of the transition period of communist-led anti-fascism from the sectarian class-against-class line to the inception of the popular front period in 1935. What were these largely overlooked, first anti-fascist articulations in Europe, and how were they connected to the rising transnational and global anti-fascist mobi- lisation coordinated in Paris and London? As we shall see, on the one hand Hitler’s seizure of power vitalised anti-fascism in Scandinavia but paradoxically, on the other, it further sharpened the communist critique of reformist social democracy and empowered social democratic anti-communism. -
The Creation of Modern Denmark: a Figurational Analysis Kaspersen, Lars Bo
www.ssoar.info The Creation of Modern Denmark: A Figurational Analysis Kaspersen, Lars Bo Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Kaspersen, L. B. (2020). The Creation of Modern Denmark: A Figurational Analysis. Historical Social Research, 45(1), 182-206. https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.45.2020.1.182-206 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY Lizenz (Namensnennung) zur This document is made available under a CC BY Licence Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden (Attribution). For more Information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de The Creation of Modern Denmark – A Figurational Analysis ∗ Lars Bo Kaspersen Abstract: »Die Schaffung des modernen Dänemarks – Eine Figurationsanalyse«. This paper takes its point of departure from an observation made by Norbert Elias in his book The Germans. Many (smaller) European states were confronted by Germany in various wars and conflicts and states such as Denmark suffered defeats. Following from this, Elias poses the question as to how the Danish people came to terms with this reality-shock. This paper claims that the unin- tended consequence of the Danish defeat was the development of a new na- tional habitus with a strong and particular form of nationalism. This national- ism not only tied the nation to the state but went much further by defining the nation as the people and the civil society. It became a deeply sedimented form of nationalism, which provided Denmark with a very strong social cohe- sion. -
Standard Oil, the International Oil Industry and the Scandinavian States, 1890–1939
Scandinavian Economic History Review ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/sehr20 The quest for a non-competitive market: Standard oil, the international oil industry and the Scandinavian states, 1890–1939 Päl Thonstad Sandvik & Espen Storli To cite this article: Päl Thonstad Sandvik & Espen Storli (2020) The quest for a non-competitive market: Standard oil, the international oil industry and the Scandinavian states, 1890–1939, Scandinavian Economic History Review, 68:3, 289-305, DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1786448 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2020.1786448 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 02 Aug 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 476 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=sehr20 SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW 2020, VOL. 68, NO. 3, 289–305 https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2020.1786448 The quest for a non-competitive market: Standard oil, the international oil industry and the Scandinavian states, 1890–1939* Päl Thonstad Sandvik and Espen Storli Department of Modern History and Society, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY This article focuses on the expansion of the international oil majors into Received 1 December 2018 Scandinavia in the period before World War II. From 1890, Standard Oil Accepted 7 June 2020 dominated the Scandinavian markets, but gradually the company’s hold KEYWORDS on these markets was challenged by competitors. The article discusses cartels; government-business how Standard oil achieved its market power in Scandinavia, and how relations; oil industry the relationship between the company and its competitors, customers, and other stakeholders developed from 1890 to 1939. -
Nordeuropaforum Rezensionen
Rezensionen Henning Grelle: Thorvald Stauning. Demokrati eller kaos. En biogra- fi. København: Jyllands-Postens Forlag 2008, 575 S. Thorvald Stauning is one of the strongest The author is an insider on his topic. He early 20th century symbolic representa- is head of Arbejderbevægelsens Bibliotek tives of “Danishness” connected to the og Arkiv in Copenhagen, which has re- early development of the welfare state, of ceived significant trade union and social social progress and of democratic culture. democratic backing. Grelle’s previous He was chairman of the social democratic works include aspects of social democratic party from 1910 to 1939 and Prime Minis- and trade union development, but the ter 1924–25 and 1929–42. He embodies the Stauning biography is clearly his most am- period where the Danish social democratic bitious work. It has not been an easy book party became the largest political party and to write. Firstly, the amount of personal obtained government responsibility and sources left in Stauning’s personal archive where trade union movement and working and in other archives is limited. He did class organizations reached their highpoint. not write a diary and not many personal The social democrats largely represented letters have survived. Secondly, Stauning the urban working class but at the same was so influential for such a long time and time deliberately identified themselves with participated in such a broad range of im- and sought a broader basis as a folkeparti, a portant decisions that his biography tend people’s party. to be the history of the social democratic party, the political history of the govern- Several of the social democratic leaders ments he was heading and to some degree of secondary importance have had their also a political history from the years be- biographies written in recent years, while fore the First World War till the middle of Stauning has only been portrayed in con- the Second World War. -
The Faroe Islands: Independence Dreams, Globalist Separatism and the Europeanization of Postcolonial Home Rule
The Faroe Islands: Independence dreams, globalist separatism and the Europeanization of postcolonial home rule Adler-Nissen, Rebecca Published in: Cooperation and Conflict DOI: 10.1177/0010836713514150 Publication date: 2014 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published version (APA): Adler-Nissen, R. (2014). The Faroe Islands: Independence dreams, globalist separatism and the Europeanization of postcolonial home rule. Cooperation and Conflict, 49(1), 55-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836713514150 Download date: 02. okt.. 2021 Cooperation and Conflict http://cac.sagepub.com/ The Faroe Islands: independence dreams, globalist separatism and the Europeanization of postcolonial home rule Rebecca Adler-Nissen Cooperation and Conflict published online 10 January 2014 DOI: 10.1177/0010836713514150 The online version of this article can be found at: http://cac.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/01/10/0010836713514150 A more recent version of this article was published on - Mar 4, 2014 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Nordic International Studies Association Additional services and information for Cooperation and Conflict can be found at: Email Alerts: http://cac.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://cac.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Version of Record - Mar 4, 2014 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Jan 15, 2014 >> OnlineFirst Version of Record - Jan 10, 2014 What is This?