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The Earl of Beaconsfield; 'ifr> THE EARE OF BEACONSFIELD THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2008 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcliive.org/details/earlofbeaconsfieOOgors The Victorian Era Series This series is designed to form a record of the great move- ments and developments of the age, in politics, economics, religion, industry, literature, science, and art, and of the life- work of its typical and influential men. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d. each Tennyson. A Critical Study. By English National Education. Stephen Gwynn, b.a. By H. HOLMAN, M.A., formerly Professor of Education in Aberyst- John Bright. By C. A. Vince, m.a. wyth University College. Charles Kingsleyand the Chris- The Anglican Revival. By J. tian Social Movement. By the H. Overton, d.d. Very Rev. C. W. Stubbs, d.d. The Rise of Democracy. By J. Charles Dickens. By George Holland Rose, m.a. GiSSING. The Free - Trade Movement and its Results. ByG. Armi- Victorian Novelists. By James tage-Smith, m.a. Oliphant, m.a. London in the Reign of Queen The Earl of Beaconsfield. By Victoria, 1837 -1897. By G. Harold E. Gorst. Laurence Gomme, f.s.a. British Foreign Missions. By Provident Societies and Indus- the Rev. Wardlaw Thompson trial Welfare. By E. W. Bra- and the Rev. A. N. Johnson, m.a. brook, C.B., Chief Registrar of Friendly Societies. The Science of Life. By J. The Growth and Administration Arthur Thomson, M.A.(Edin.). of the British Colonies, 1837- Recent Advances in Astronomy. 1897. By the Rev. W. P. Gres- By A. H. FiSON, D.Sc.(Lond.). WELL, M.A. A Note-Book of French Literature By Philip C. Yorke, m.a., Magdalen College, Oxford. In two volumes. Vol. I. To the end of the i8th Century. 6s. net. A Short History of French Literature By L. E. Kastner, b.a.. Assistant Lecturer in Modern Lan- guages at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and H. G. Atkins, M.A.(Lond.), B.A.(Camb.), Instructor in German at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. Crown 8vo, ^s. 6d. A Primer of French Literature By Professor Weekley, m.a. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d. This is a companion volume to Professor Weekley's Printer of Historical French Grammar. BLACKIE & SON. Limited, LONDON, DUBLIN. AND GLASGOW 1 — The Oxford Manuals of English History General Editor—Q. W. C. Oman, M.A., F.S.A., Fellow of All Souls College. With Maps, Genealogies, and Index. Price \s. each. I. The Making of the English Nation (55 B.C.-1135 a.d.). By C. (.f. Robertson, b.a., Fellow of All Souls College; Lecturer ill Modern History, Exeter College. II. King and Baronage (a.d. i 135-1327). By W. H. HuTTON, B.D., Fellow and Tutor of St. John's College; Examiner in the Honour School of Modern Hi.story. III. England and the Hundred Years' War (a.d. 1327-1485). By C. W. C. Oman, m.a. IV. England and the Reformation (a.d. 1485-1603). By G. W. Powers, m.a., sometime Scholar of New College. V, King and Parliament (a.d. 1603-1714). By G. H. Wakeling, m.a.. Fellow of Brasenose College; Lecturer in Modem History at Magdalen and Wadham Colleges. VI. The Making of the British Empire (a.d. i 714-1832). By Arthur Hassall, m.a.. Student and Tutor of Christ Church. Landmarks in English Industrial History By G. TowNSEND Warner, m.a., sometime Fellow of Jesus Col- lege, Cambridge, Assistant Master at Harrow School. Cloth, 5^-. " " This book is a god-send. All Easily outdistances all competitors. It students of history should at once procure is eminently workmanlike in form and emi- it."— Cambridge Review. nently readable in composition." Oxford Magazine. Outlines of the World's History Ancient, Medieval, and Modern. By Edgar Sanderson, jM.a. Fully Illustrated. 664 pp. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6^. 6^. Also in Parts. Part I. Ancient Oriental Monarchies, \s. Part II. Greece and Rome, 2s. Part III. Mediaeval History, \s. Part IV. Modern History, 2s. 6d. An Epitome of History Ancient, Medieval, and Modern. By Carl Ploetz. Trans- lated by W. H. Tillinghast. Cloth, ^s. tJ. An Epitome of Mediaeval History Being Part II of Ploetz's Epitome of History, issued separately. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d. A History of the British Empire By Edgar Sanderson, m.a. 476 pages. F'cap 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d.; also in Two Parts, \s. 6d. each. A Brief Survey of British History By G. Townsend Warner, m.a. With Tables, Summaries, Maps, Notes, &c. Crown 8vo, cloth, \s. 6d. BLACKIE & SON, Limited, LONDON, DUBLIN, AND GLASGOW 2 Cbe Dictorlan Era Series The Earl of Beaconsfield The Earl of Beaconsfield By HAROLD E. GORST Author of "China" LONDON BLACKIE & SON, Limited, 50, OLD BAILEY, E.C. GLASGOAV AND DUBLIN 1900 Preface It would be impossible, within the limits of a single volume, to record every event in Disraeli's career. The chief aim, therefore, in writing- the following pages has been to trace the political development of the Conserva- i - tive statesman in broad outline ; and to arrange the important incidents of his life in proper perspective, in order that the reader, instead of being confused by a multitude of facts, may derive some kind of impression —however inadequately the idea may have been carried out—of the great part which Disraeli has played in the history of the British empire. Since the appearance of the existing biographies of Lord Beaconsfield, fresh light has been thrown upon an incident in his career by the recent publication, amongst the private papers of Sir Robert Peel, of a letter ad- dressed by Disraeli to Peel in 1841. It will be remem- bered that Disraeli, in 1846, denied having asked Peel for office five years before ; and on that account the letter in question has been generally regarded as aflford- ing proof of a mean and dishonourable action on his part. I have submitted this letter to a high legal authority, and he at once pointed out to me the fact that Disraeli made no direct application for a post in the government. It is rather remarkable that other legal minds, who 1268425 vi Preface have discussed the subject, should not have allg-hted upon this simple explanation of Disraeli's naturally indig-nant denial when he was accused of doing- what he had carefully and purposely avoided. Both the letter and its explanation find a place in this volume, and no doubt the unprejudiced reader will readily adopt the latter, in preference to tarnishing- the otherwise spotless reputation of a statesman to whom the present g-enera- tion owes a deep debt of gratitude. The Conservative victory of 1874 has often been alluded to as the result of a g-reat Conservative reaction, or of a wave of imperialism passing through the country. These inspiriting phrases are unfortunately far removed from the truth ; and it is equally misleading to attribute the defeat of 1880 to a revulsion of feeling against Lord Beaconsfield's foreign policy. The fact is, that the masses of the electorate enfranchised by the bill of 1867 (or at any rate a large proportion of them) know and care nothing about questions of foreign policy, and are equally indifferent to general matters touching domestic legislation. Political feeling is only evoked when the private interests of the individual are directly interfered with. The passions of the thirsty mechanic are aroused to the highest pitch when an extra duty is imposed upon his favourite beverage; but he does not care twopence about Russia's advance in Central Asia, and takes no interest in educational problems which agitate only a handful of genuine reformers. The causes of the victory which placed Disraeli in power with a majority for the first time, and of the defeat which hurled him from the great position that he had attained during Preface. v'li his term of office, are dealt with plainly and, perhaps, prosaically; but the conclusion in each case is based upon the authority of those who were in the best posi- tion to form an accurate judgment. >My father enjoyed considerable political intimacy with! Disraeli from the year 1870. I am indebted to him for \ informatipn that could not have been obtained else- \ where |/but it would be most undutiful of me to neglect I to exonerate him from all responsibility regarding any \ political opinions which may be expressed in the fol- 1 lowing pages. An acknowledgment is due to the great services rendered by Mr. Ewald in collecting, for the purposes of his work on the life and times of Lord Beaconsfield, the speeches delivered by the Conservative statesman both in and out of Parliament; and I have also to tender acknowledgments to the proprietors of the Times, and to Messrs. P. S. King & Son, the pro- prietors of Hansard's Debates, for special permission to reprint extracts from their reports of Lord Beaconsfield's speeches. HAROLD E. GORST. London, 1899. Contents CHAPTER I Page Early Influences -------- y CHAPTER n Parliamentary Debut - - - . jj CHAPTER in Young Englafid 22 CHAPTER IV Opportunity .--...^.28 CHAPTER V Office --..-..... ^o CHAPTER VI Lord Derbys Blunder ------- ^2 CHAPTER VII The Second Derby Government - - - - - 6j CHAPTER VIII Gladstone's FrancJiise Bill ------ y^ CHAPTER IX Dishing the Whigs ------- S4 CHAPTER X Household Suffrage -...-.. gj CHAPTER XI Prime Minister -------- 106 (M6IC) I Contents Page CHAPTER XII Opposition //j CHAPTER XIII Reorganization 122 CHAPTER XIV The Manchester Devionstration iji CHAPTER XV The Victory 0/1874 14J CHAPTER XVI The Ritualist Co7itrovcrsy /jj CHAPTER XVII Imperialism -.--...
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