www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal Research Chronicler A Peer-Reviewed Refereed and Indexed International Multidisciplinary Research Journal Volume III Issue V: May 2015

CONTENTS Sr. No. Author Title of the Paper Page No. 1 Shailendra P. Singh Imparting Idea Generation Skills for 1 Effective Writing 2 Dr. Dhanesh Mohan Depiction of Pain and Misery of a Dalit in 6 Bartwal Omprakash Valmiki’s Joothan: A Dalit’s Life 3 M. Sraddhanandam Women Empowerment through Education in 17 Mahabub Nagar of Telangaana State: Some Observations 4 Talluri Mathew Bhaskar Girish Karnad’s Yayati: a Mythical Play 22 5 Dr. Patil Vijaykumar Blanche: A Barren 37 Ambadasrao 6 B. Niraimathi From Self- adjustment to Self- alienation in 43 Anita Desai’s Fire on the Mountain 7 Mrs. Aphale Jayashri Ajay Use of Literature in Language Teaching 47 8 Anisha Rajan The Gendered Other in the Forty Rules of 53 Love 9 Mr. Dnyaneshwar Shrawan Dramatic Techniques in Vijay Tendulkar’s 58 Bhandare Ghashiram Kotwal 10 ¯ÖÏÖ. ›üÖò. •ÖµÖÓŸÖ ¿Öê¾ÖŸÖêú¸ü †Ö¿ÖµÖÖ­Öã¹ý¯Ö ÃÖÓ¾ÖÖ¤ü ¾Ö ÃÖӯ֍úÖԍú׸üŸÖÖ 62 ÓúšüÃÖÖ¬Ö­Öê“Öß †×­Ö¾ÖÖµÖÔŸÖÖ 11 kaMbaLo ema. ema. jaagaitkIkrNaacaa marazI kivatovar Jaalaolaa pirNaama 67 12 izk-fparke.k f/kanGs vkfnoklh dforsr meVysys tkxfrdhdj.kkps 72 fp=.k

Volume III Issue V: May 2015 Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal

Women Empowerment through Education in Mahabubnagar District of Telangaana State: Some Observations M. Sraddhanandam Doctoral Scholar, Department of Economics, , , (Telangaana State)

Abstract The debatable subject in the world is women empowerment. Many of the nations have been disdaining women education which promotes women empowerment. The paper examines who fought for the women empowerment in the earlier in India. And particularly women eminent personalities in the educationally back ward district Mahaboobnagar were covered. Mandal wise Literacy level trends (least and top mandals) are discussed in the paper. At the same time mandal wise sex ratio trends also explains the paper. Gattu mandal has recorded very lowest female literacy not only in entire district but also both telugu states (Andhra Pradesh and ) and India. Ultimately the paper shows that comparative observation of sex ratio and literacy levels in the district. Key Words: introduction, eminent women personalities, women literacy trends, sex ratio trends.

Introduction: Women empowerment is a debatable while men went out and worked. This subject. Women education in India has division of labor was one of the major also been a major preoccupation of both reasons why certain evils like ’Sati government and civil society as educated Pratha’, .Pardah System’, ’Child women play vital role in the development Marriage’, ’Dowry System’, etc. took birth of the countries. Education is mile stone of in our society. The traditional Indian women empowerment because it enables mentality assumes that the place of women them to responds to the challenges, to is mainly concentrated to the household confront their traditional role and change activities like kitchen work and upbringing their life. So that it is essential to give of the children. There is systematic importance to women education in rural discrimination against women India. economically, socially, politically and culturally more so, in India. These History of women education in India: discriminations & disabilities are practiced For centuries women were not treated at all levels day in & day out. equal to men in many ways. They were not allowed to own property, they did not have In motherhood society women played a a Share in the property of their parents, key role in the family and society. Actually they had no voting rights, and they had no Indian religious, customs and traditions freedom to choose their work or job and so superstitious are the major obstacle for the on. Gender inequality has been part and women education. Prior independence parcel of an accepted male-dominated some of the eminent personalities entered Indian society throughout history. Women and laid several reforms to cross all these were expected to be bound to the house, barriers. Like Rajaram Mohan Rai,

Volume III Issue V: May 2015 (17) Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal EswaraCandra vidhya sagar rao and obtained of every individual in the census. Dr.BR.Ambedkar etc are emphasised At the time of independence of India women education in India. Particularly literacy rate was 18 percent (1951). It is Savithri bai pule w/o of Mahathma Jyothi reached to 76 percent by 2011. Women bapule was the first women teacher in literacy also increased to 65.46 from 8.86 India. Periayar EV.Ramaswamy and during the same period. In Andhra Pradesh Ambedkar were the leaders for the lower literacy rate also increased to - from castes in the country who took various during the same period. Mahaboob Nagar initiatives to make education available to district one of the least developed the women. in the United Andhra Pradesh and Literacy is one of the important social Telangaana states. characteristics on which information is India literacy rate during 1951-2011 M-F in literacy Census year Persons Males(M) Females(F) rate 1951 18.33 27.16 8.86 18.3 1961 28.3 40.4 15.35 25.05 1971 34.45 45.96 21.97 23.98 1981 43.57 56.38 29.76 26.62 1991 52.21 64.13 39.29 24.84 2001 65.38 75.85 54.16 21.7 2011 74.15 82.14 65.38 17.78 Census: 2001, 2011. Male literacy rate has increased to 82.14%, Profile of the Mahabob nagar district: which shows an increase of 11.13%.On the Mahabubnagar is southern district of other hand, the female literacy of 53.67% under Nizam and has increased at a much faster rate of bordered with River Krishna in the south 14.38%. The male-female literacy gap has and surrounded by the , increased to 26.62% from 18.3% Hyderabad, Kurnool, Raichur and between1951-1981.and later decreased Gulbarga districts. Mahabubnagar town is drastically to 16.68% by 2011. located at a distance of 96-km from Objectives: with the following objectives Hyderabad. Total population in the district the paper is framed. 1. To know the as per 2011 census 40, 53,028 (Male: 20, differences of literacy levels in the district, 50,386 Female: 20, 02, 642, and the 2. Find out the sex ratio differences in the district connected with 5 revenue divisions district. (Mahabubnagar, Nagakarnool, , , Wanaparthy) and 64 mandals Data Source: For reaching the objectives and 1475 villages. The district has very primary(interiew) and secondary data were least literacy rate with 55 percent which adopted. District hand book and census shows poor condition of the distirct. The 2011 and research papers and related district was under the Andhra Pradesh state books considered for the secondary data. earlier, but now it comes under the newly

Volume III Issue V: May 2015 (18) Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal emerged Telangaana State. Particularly Amarcanthala and Baduguala Sumathai women literacy is less comparing to the Super indent of Police (SP) of Medhak other districts of the Telangana State. It is district, and Santa bai Ex MLA the only one district where too much Kalwarkurti etc are the eminent migrations takes place to Hyderabad, personalities in Mahaboobnagar district.. Mumbai, Maharastra, Guntur, Jhansi, Smt.Padhma PDSU leader Karnataka and other countries(Arab ,Samskruthi(Jawaharlal Nehru countries) as labours in building University(JNU) Doctoral Scholar and construction. Finally the district is said to Student leader, Jyoti President Chaitanya be address for the migrations in both Mahila Organization etc also said to be Telugu states. important women personalities. The one more significant women personality Some of the women important Ajamma has been working to control the personalities in the district: Some of the eminent personalities are also prostitution and its related unfair activities. paying their services in the society. Actually she was once belongs to the Ponnaganti Yashoda Reddy Professor at deevasi family.Vanam Jhansi BJP central Osmania University, D.K.Aruna M.L.A of active Leader and Narayanamma APTF Gadwala, Sitha Dayakar Reddy Ex.MLA, ex.leader etc,. Comes under the active, Swrna Sudhakar Reddy, Ex MLA eminent women personalities in the back ward district. (Mahabubnagar). Literacy levels and male female gap in the district Table.1 Census year Total literacy Male(M) Female(F) M-F gap in the district 2001 44.41 56.63 31.89 12.22 2011 55.04 65.21 45.72 20.49 Census: 2001 & 2011 According to the table (1), the literacy gap it is appearing more i.e. 20.49 percent between 2001 and 2012 is only around 10 during the same period. The much gap percent. In the district literacy gap of male between male and female shows bad & female 12 percent, but in case of female performance of the society. Some of the indicators of the district (Rural and Urban) Table.2 Indicator Rural Urban Population 85 15 Literacy avg 50.59 77.96 Male literacy 61.54 85.52 Female 40.15 70.24 Child(%) in population 13.26 11.9 Child sex ratio 923 935 Source: 2011 census

Volume III Issue V: May 2015 (19) Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal As per the table (2), 85 percent of the in urban area which much difference. And population is resided in the rural areas and there is no more difference in case of child remaining in urban areas. Female literacy sex ratio in rural and urban in the district. is 40.15 percent in rural and 70.24 percent Women literacy trends of top five mandals in the Mahaboob nagar district. Table.3 S.NO Name of the Mandal Litaracy 1 Alampur 51.42 2 Veepangandla 46.29 3 Kollapur 46.24 4 Booth pur 4.19 5 Bejijepally 44.10 6 Total MBNR district 45.65 Source: Census 2011 According to the above table (2) Alampur bejinepally mandals are recorded more mandal stood at first place in women literacy rate which is more than the literacy rate in the district. Alam district average literacy rate. pur,veepanagadla, Kollapur Boothpur and

Women literacy trends of least five mandals in the Mahaboob nagar district Table.4 S.no Name of the Mandal Literacy 1 Gattu 25.13 2 Dharur 29.28 3 Maldhakal 31.79 4 Dhamaragidda 33.67 5 Narva 38.46 6 Total MBNR district 45.64 Source: Census 2011 Above table (4), depicts that least literacy mandals are also very low literacy levels in levels of five mandal in the district. In the district. In these madals literacy rate is Gattu mandal has recorded very lowest too low than that of district average literacy rate (25.13). And in Darur literacy level. Maldakal Dhamaragidda and Narva

Sex ratio trends of top five mandals in the Mahaboob nagar district. Table.5 S.no Mandal Sex ratio 1 Kodangal 1017 2 CC kuna 1016

Volume III Issue V: May 2015 (20) Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal 3 Gattu 1015 4 1009 5 Total MBNR district 975 Source: Census 2011 Above table (5) states that kodangal stood Telangaana and India. Remaining mandals at recordable place in case f sex ratio CC kunta, Gattu and Kosgi mandals are (1017). It is more than that the average sex also more sex ratio recorded. ratio of Mahabob nagar district and

Sex ratio trends of least five mandals in the Mahaboob nagar district. Table.6 S.no Mandal Sex ratio 1 Amangal 924 2 Balmur 929 3 Alampur 931 4 Kothhur 930 5 Kollapur 942 6 MBNR district 975 Source: Census 2011 According to the above table (6) in education causes for the maximum Amangal mandal sex ratio is very least utilisation of available resources in the place (924). Balmur, Alampur, Kothur and country. It is one of the parameter of the kollapur mandals are recorded also low sex human resource development and ratios which are low with district and state economic development. Education averages. compelled the accelerate growth of the economy. As per the experts view lack of Conclusion: education is one of the important driving Education play key role in the distinity of factors for the less development of the the nation. Particularly women societies. So government should provide educationcan promotes the strengthen the the quality and rational education to the society. There is much gap between male increasing population which changes the and female literacy and education. Women society in to a positive way. References:

1. Census report 2011 2. M. SUGUNA-Education and Women Empowerment in India, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol.1 Issue 8, December 2011, ISSN 2231 5780. 3. Reecha Upadhyay- Women's Empowerment in India:An Analytical Overview 4. Dutt and sundaram-Indian economy 5. Telugu Daily news papers Sakshi,Enadu,and Namasthe Telangaana 6. http://mahabubnagar.nic.in/Atglance.php?s=0#0

Volume III Issue V: May 2015 (21) Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke