Vol. 21 (2), June, 2019 BIONOTES Himalaya for over 50 years prior to 1997, yet its next Evans, W.H. 1932. The identification of Indian appearance was only 20 years after the last sighting . Bombay Natural History Society, in 1999. Bombay. x + 454 pp., 32 pl. Acknowledgement Smetacek, P. 2001. Resolution of the controversial I am grateful to Peter Smetacek for hosting my western limit of the range of Delias acalis Godart research during spring, 2019 at the (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Journal of the Bombay Research Centre, Bhimtal and to the authorities of Natural History Society 98(2): 298-300. the Institute of Forestry, Pokhara, for permitting me to conduct my research in . Wynter-Blyth, M.A. 1957. Butterflies of the Indian References Region. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay. Bailey, F.M. 1951. Butterflies from Nepal, Part 1. xx + 523 pp., 72 pl. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 50: 64-87.

BIOEFFICACY OF SOME GREEN PESTICIDES TOWARDS THEIR OVICIDAL ACTION AGAINST EGGS OF TETRANYCHUS AFRINDICUS NASSAR & GHAI (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) INFESTING ADHATODA VASICA UNDER LABORATORY CONDITION

1 2 MONALISA MANDAL & S.K. GUPTA 1,2Medicinal Research & Extension Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur, Kolkata-7000103. 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected]

Reviewer: Peter Smetacek

Abstract (L), Saraca asoca (Roxb.). The results The mite species Tetranychus afrindicus indicate that leaf extract of Santalum album Nassar & Ghai, 1981 was founed to be a new was found to be the best registering mean pest of Vasak (Adhatoda vasica L) in the ovicidal action of 36.13% at 3% concentration Medicinal Garden of R.K Mission, and 22.47% at 5% concentration while the Narendrapur, Kolkata, West Bengal and a corresponding values of Saraca asoca laboratory experiment was conducted to was61.85% at 3% and 53.24 at 5% assess the ovicidal action of some of the concentrations. Leaf extract of botanical pesticides (leaf extracts of Santalum was found to be the second best at both the album L, Datura metel L, gigantea concentrations.

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Introduction Thereafter, the extracts of 4 plants, Santalum Tetranychus afrindicus has been recorded as a album, Datura metel, Calotropis gigantea and new pest of Vasok (Adhatoda vasica) Saraca asoca were sprayed on the freshly laid attacking undersurface of leaves during eggs in two concentrations, viz. 3% and 5%. February 2019 causing chlorosis of leaves. Another petridish containing one more This mite was not earlier known from West excised leaf with freshly laid counted number Bengal. Since, no study was undertaken of eggs was kept unsprayed to act as control earlier on efficacy of botanical pesticides treatment. Observations towards hatching of against this mite species, it was thought eggs were recorded after every 24 hrs till all desirable to undertake a laboratory experiment the eggs hatched in the unsprayed excised leaf to evaluate the efficacies of some medicinal kept as control. The percentage of hatching plant extracts viz., Santalum album, Datura was calculated using the formula:- metel, Calotropis gigantea and Saraca asoca [PR= (NC-NT)/(NC+NT) × 100 ] towards causing mortality, repellency and (McDonald et al. 1970) ovicidal action. The present communication NC= Number of mites in control disc pertains to the result of ovicidal action of the NT= Number of mites in treated disc aforesaid leaf extracts while the results of the The data thus collected were subjected to other aspects of this study will be published statistical analysis by using ANOVA elsewhere. The percentage mortality was determined and Materials & Methods transform to Arc-sine square root values for For studying ovicidal action of Tetranychus analysis of variance (ANOVA). afrindicus occurring on Adhatoda vasica, the Results and Discussion technique of Yanar et al. (2011) was followed. The data pertaining to ovicidal action of In this, the test mite was allowed to lay eggs different plant extracts have been presented in on excised leaves kept on wet cotton pads in a Table-1. petridish overnight and the next morning, after the eggs had been laid, the adult females were removed. The eggs laid on excised leaves were counted and encircled with a marker. Table1: Relative efficacy of plant extracts towards ovicidal action of different concentrations of plant extracts at different intervals

Treatments % of eggs hatched at different intervals

72 hrs 96 hrs 120 hrs Mean Datura metel 5% 30.66 40.04 50.29 40.79 (33.93) (39.55) (45.45) (39.98) Datura metel 3% 48.23 52.17 62.28 55.56 (44.27) (46.53) (52.40) (48.48) Saraca asoca 5% 42.65 51.37 65.71 52.91 (41.06) (46.07) (54.46) (46.96)

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Saraca asoca 3% 52.55 58.50 74.50 57.18 (46.75) (50.18) (60.00) (49.42) Santulum album 18.87 22.55 26.00 22.47 5% (26.11) (28.69) (30.98) (28.64) Santulum album 32.50 35.70 40.00 36.13 3% (35.06) (36.99) (39.52) (37.25) Calotropis 38.20 41.44 55.00 42.70 gigantia 5% (38.47) (40.36) (48.16) (41.09) Calotropis 50.50 55.00 64.00 54.83 gigantia 3% (45.57) (48.16) (53.43) (48.06) Control 55.56 70.50 80.00 68.68 (48.48) (57.42) (63.79) (56.28) + SEM - 0.63 0.79 0.99 0.80 CD 0.05 1.90 2.30 3.00 2.40 Figures͘͘ in parentheses are angular transformed values

At 24 hrs interval with 3% concentration treatments can be arranged for more No eggs hatched at this interval either in efficacious to less efficacious as below:- treatments or in control. 3% Santalum album(32.5)

Vol. 21 (2), June, 2019 BIONOTES course, Calotropis gigantea was superior to Calotropis gigantea and the latter was Saraca asoca. superior to Saraca asoca. At 3% concentration, the result of efficacy Mean % of hatched eggs at 3% concentration, towards ovicidal action was in the order as the trend was similar as observed in the mentioned earlier and can be arranged from previous cases. The relative efficacy can be more efficacious to less efficacious as below:- arranged in decreasing order as below:- Santalum album (35.70)

Vol. 21 (2), June, 2019 BIONOTES Tunc, I., B. M. Berger, F. Erler, F. Dagli. Kumar N .A., S. Cobanoglu , C. Yalcin 2009. 2000. Ovicidal activity of essential oils from Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent five plants against two stored-product insects. activities of Datura stramorium L. against J. Stored Products Res., 36:161-168. adult Tetranychus urticae Koch. J. Pest Sci., Yang HZ, J.H. Hu , Q. Li , H.J. Li, H.Q. Liu , DOI 10.1007/S 10340-009-0284-7. T.S. Yao, H.D. Lei 2007. Primary studies of Yanar, D., I. Kadioglu & A. Gokce 2011. acarocidal activity of twenty plants extracts Ovicidal activity of different plant extracts on against Panonychus citri. Southwest two-spotted spiter mite (Tetranychus urticae Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20(50): Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae).Scientific 1012-1015. Research and Essays 6(14): 3041-3044. Isman M .B., C.M Machial , S. Miresmailli , McDonald, L.L.; R.H Guy & R.D. L.D Bainard. 2007. Essential oil-based Speirs.1970. Preliminary evaluation of new pesticides: new insights from old chemistry. candidate materials as toxicants, relents and In: Ohkawa, H., H. Miyagawa, P. Lee (eds.) attractants against stored product insects. Pesticide Chemistry. Wiley, Weinheim, pp. Marketing Research Report 882(ARS, USDA) 201-209. Washington: 8.

ON THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME PAINTED LADY FOR VANESSA CARDUI (LINNAEUS, 1758) (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) SARAB SETH 103 Seapoint Court, Point Richmond, California (USA)

Reviewer : Peter Smetacek

The Painted Lady is among the most widely The name Painted Lady was believed to have distributed butterflies known, being found on been coined by James Petiver (1665-1718), an every continent except Antarctica (Shields, apothecary who coined English names for 1992). The butterfly is common in Europe and several butterflies, including Admirals, was among those named by the creator of the Tortoiseshells and Brimstone. However, binomial system of classification, Carolus Salmon et al. (2001) state that although Linnaeus in 1758. The English name for the Petiver published this name, it was an already butterfly, Painted Lady is believed by some to current folk name for the butterfly. be a euphemism for a lady of easy virtue, Since the global distribution of butterflies was referring to the fact that the butterfly is found unknown in 1699, when the name was almost all over the world, as are ladies who published in Petiver’s Musei Petiverani practice the oldest profession. Centuria Prima Rariora Naturae Continens series, it is unlikely that the 50