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Wisconsin Magazine of History (ISSN 0043-6534) WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY The State Historical Society of Wisconsin * Vol. 68, No. 2 • Winter, 1984—1985 '^'^ i^'-t^ 'k *Sfc^ •"•^ tnml^ilr''*iiB"yp\ tfsJr ^j^wJ^Sii^MkWB !f/f M K ^^J IV' ^1 B^ m 4•^-'-v l fri , i «^ " ~... ••^i**.. THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN RICHARD A. ERNEY, Director Officers WILLIAM C. KIDD, President WILSON B. THIEDE, Treasurer NEWELL G. MEYER, First Vice-President RICHARD A. ERNEY, Secretary MRS. L. PRENTICE EAGER, JR., Second Vice-President THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISC:ONSIN is both a state agency and a private membership organization. Founded in 1846—two years before statehood—and tharlered in 1853, it is the oldest American historical society to receive continuous public funding. By statute, it is charged with collecting, advancing, and disseminating know ledge of Wisconsin and of the trans-Allegheny West. The Scxiety serves as the archive of the State of Wisconsin; it collects all manner of books, periodicals, maps, manuscripts, relics, newspapers, and aural and graphic materials as they relate to North America; it maintains a museum, library, and researcli facility in Madison as well as a statewide system of historic sites, school services, area research centers, and affiliated local societies; it administers a broad program of historic preservation; and publishes a wide variety of historical materials, both scholarly and popular. MEMBERSHIP in the Society is open to the public. Annual membership is |I5, or $12.50 for persons over 65 or members of affiliated societies. Family membership is $20, or $15 for persons over 65 or members of affiliated societies. Contributing membership is $50; supporting, $100; sustaining, $200-500; patron, $500 or more. THE SOCIETY is governed by a Board of (Curators which includes, ex officio, the Governor (or his designee) and three citizens appointed by the Ciovernor with the approval of the Senate; the Speaker of the Assembly and the President of the Senate, or a member from the majority party and a member from the minorilv parly from each house designated by them; the President of the University of Wisconsin, the President of the Friends of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, the President of the Wisconsin History Foundation, Inc., and the Chairman of the Administrative C^ommittee of the Wisconsin Council for Local History. The other twenty-four members of the Board of Curators are elected by the membership. A complete listing of the Curators appears inside the back cover. NOTE: The Board of (airators will be reduced from thirty-six to twenty-four members on or before the annual meeting in I98(). The Society is headquartered at 816 State Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, at the juncture of State and Park streets on the University of Wisconsin campus. A partial listing of phone numbers (Area Code 608) follows: General Administration 262-.^266 Library circulation desk 262-3421 General information 262-3271 Maps 262-5867 Affiliated local societies 262-2316 Membership 262-9613 Archives reading room 262-3338 Microforms reading room 262-9621 Contributionof manuscript materials 262-3248 Museum tours 262-2704 Editorial offices 262-9603 Newspapers reference 262-9584 Film collections 262-0585 Picture and sound collections 262-9581 Genealogical and general reference inquiries . .262-9590 Public information office .262-9606 Government publications and reference 262-2781 .Sales desk 262-3271 Historic preservation 262-1339 School services 262-9567 Historic sites 262-3271 Speakers bureau 262-9606 ON THE COVER: Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall meeting with Lt. General Stanley H. Ford, commander of the Second Army, and an unidentified National Guard officer during the maneuvers at Camp McCoy in 1940. Photo by the Signal Corps, U.S. Army, courtesy the George C. Marshall Research Foundation, Lexington, Virginia. [WHi (X3) 40587] Volume 68, Number 2 / Winter, 1984-1985 WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY Published quarterly by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 816 State Street, Madison, Blitzkrieg for Beginners: Wisconsin 53706. Disttibuted The Maneuvers of 1940 in Central Wisconsin 83 to members as part of their dues. (Annual membership, Thomas Doherty $15, or $12.50 for those over 65 or members of affiliated societies; family membership, $20, or $ 15 for those over 65 or The Minus First Meeting of the members of affiliated sociedes; American Astronomical Society: contributing, $50; supporting, $100; sustaining, $200-$500; Williams Bay, Wisconsin, 1897 108 patron, $500 or more.) Single Donald E. Osterbrock numbers from Volume 57 forward are $2. Microhlmed copies available through University Microfilms, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, When John Barleycorn Michigan 48106; reprints of Went Into Hiding in Wisconsin 119 Volumes 1 through 20 and most issues of Volumes 21 Paul W. Glad through 56 are available from Kraus Reprint C^ompany, Route 100, Millwood, New York 10546. Reading America 137 (xmimunications should be Mary Lou M. Schultz addressed to the editor. The Society does not assume responsibility for statements made by contributors. Second-class postage paid at Madison, Wisconsin, and at Book Reviews 140 additional mailing offices. POST.MASTER: Send address Book Review Index 154 changes to Wisconsin Magazine of History, Madison, Wisconsin Wisconsin History Checklist 155 53706. Copyright © 1985 by the State Historical Society of Accessions 158 Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Magazine of History is indexed annually by Contributors 160 the editors; cumulative indexes are assembled decennially. In addition, articles are abstracted and indexed in America: Histoiy Editor andLife, Historical Abstracts, Index to Literature on the American PAULH. tJASS Indian, and the Combined Associate Editors Retrospective Index lo Journals in History, 1838-1974. WILLIAM C. MARTEN JOHN O. floLziiuEXER WHi (X:i) 40.590 High-spirited guardsmen loading train for trip to annual training site. Courtesy the Wisconsin National Guard. Blitzkrieg for Beginners: The Maneuvers of 1940 in Central Wisconsin By Thomas Doherty O the four thousand 32nd Divi­ across the Atlantic in ever-mounting num­ T sion veterans from Wisconsin bers, the divisions of the U.S. Army had who marched down Grand Avenue on the proved that in spite of America's historic re­ morning of June 6, 1919, Milwaukee's Red fusal to maintain a large peacetime military Arrow Day celebration more than lived up to a establishment, our land army would be a force boy's dream of what a soldier's homecoming to reckon with in any war involving the great should be like. Banks and businesses were powers. closed in their honor. The division's wartime The 32nd was one of those divisions. Cre­ commander, Major General William "Bun­ ated out of National Guard regiments from ker" Haan, led the parade on horseback. Six Wisconsin and Michigan, it suffered the first DeHavilland army planes flew over in forma­ of over 2,600 combat deaths on June 3, 1918, tion.' during a German raid into trenches where the The last of the division's soldiers had re­ division was training, and its last on November turned less than a month before from occupa­ 10, while still attacking in the hours before the tion duty along the Rhine. By then many armistice.- Except for a few weeks out to rest earlier arrivals had already settled back into hometowns and jobs. On this day they gath­ ^None of the casualty figures that I found agree, ered from across the state—and from govern­ (iarlock's estimates for the division are 3,466 killed; ment hospitals outside Wisconsin—lor an 10,473 wounded. G. W. Garlock, Tales of the Thirty-Second emotional welcome loud with patriotic music (West Salem, Wisconsin, 1927), 275. The division history put the number of killed at 2,660; wounded, 10,813. joint and patriotic colors, their parade route noisy War History Commissions of Michigan and Wisconsin, and swarming on all sides with cheering and The 32nd Division in the World War, 1917-1919 (Madison, singing and a blur of waving flags. The march­ 1920), 296. Even government publications disagree. The ing men were followed by hundreds of War With Germany, A Statistical Survey (Washington, D.G., 1919) lists 2,915 dead and 10,477 wounded, wh'ile Ameri­ wounded veterans in flower-bedecked autos. can Armies and Battlefields in Europe (Washington, D.G., They lunched at the Auditorium, the Hotel 1938) puts the figures at 3,028 and 10,233. Another divi­ Pfister, the Milwaukee Athletic Club, the Scot­ sion history cites a total of 12,394 casualties and breaks tish Rites Cathedral. At the military ball that down the number of killed, wounded, and died of wounds night, ten thousand people danced to three for each regiment of the division for each campaign. American Battle Monuments C^omnussion, 32nd Division orchestras and two bands. Summaiy of Operations in the World War (Washington, D.G., Raised in little more than a year, hurried 1943), 72. William E. Moore and James G. Russell put the estimate of total casualties at 13,400. U.S. Official Pictures of the World War (Washington, D.C., 1920). Early in 1918, when the 32nd was designated a replacement division 'Newspapers consulted for this event were The Mil­ (events and a forceful commanding general saved the di­ waukee Journal, The Milwaukee Sentinel, and The Wisconsin vision from such inglorious, piecemeal destruction), ap­ News, May 31 through June 7, 1919. proximately 1,200 junior officers and enlisted men of the Cofjyright © 1985 by The State Historical Society of'Wisconsin 83 All rights of reproduction in any form reserved WISCONSIN MACTAZINE OF HISTORY WINTER, 1984-1985 and take on replacements, the division hacl re­ pared to the speed with which other modern mained in combat throughout that five-month nations could mobilize, it was an eternity. Be­ period. A writer in The Inpanlry ftmrnal called cause the U.S.
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