THE MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, SINGAPORE

THE www.ies.org.sg SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 | MCI (P) 009/03/2018

COVER STORY: SBF CENTER PROJECT GAINS RECOGNITION FOR SAFETY

HEALTH & SAFETY ENGINEERING: Protecting Critical Infrastructure against terrorist attacks ENVIRONMENT & WATER ENGINEERING: Clearing the air PLUS MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING: Singapore entry wins first prize in ferry design competition

CONTENTS

FEATURES

COVER STORY 16 SBF Center project gains recogni on for safety The development was a winner of the BCA Design and Engineering Safety Excellence Award, in the Commercial Category, at BCA AWARDS 2017.

HEALTH & SAFETY ENGINEERING 20 22 Protec ng Cri cal Infrastructure against terrorist a acks The ar cle gives a brief introduc on of the Infrastructure Protec on Act (IPA), passed by Singapore, in October 2017, the security-by-design (SBD) process, as well as some common mi ga on strategies to enhance building protec on.

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT 23 26 Interna onal Benchmarking of Singapore’s Construc on Workmanship Quality Standards A descrip on of a study ini ated by the Building and Construc on Authority (BCA) is provided, as well as an analysis of the results.

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President Assistant Publica ons Manager Editorial Panel Design & layout by 2EZ Asia Pte Ltd Er. Edwin Khew Fenda Ngo Er. Chong Kee Sen Cover designed by Irin Kuah [email protected] Dr Chandra Segaran Chief Editor Dr Ang Keng Been Cover images by KTP Consultants Pte Ltd T Bhaskaran Publica ons Execu ve Mr Kenneth Cheong Published by [email protected] Queek Jiayu Mr Gary Ong The Ins tu on of Engineers, Singapore [email protected] Dr Victor Sim Publica ons Manager 70 Bukit Tinggi Road, Singapore 289758 Desmond Teo Media Representa ve Tel: 6469 5000 I Fax: 6467 1108 [email protected] Mul Nine Corpora on Pte Ltd Printed in Singapore sales@mul 9.com.sg

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 02 April 2018 www.ies.org.sg

ENVIRONMENT & WATER ENGINEERING 34 Clearing the air To improve ambient air quality, ac on is underway to reduce diesel emissions and other vehicular pollu on.

MARINE & OFFSHORE 35 ENGINEERING 36 Singapore entry wins fi rst prize in ferry design compe on The innova on is in reducing costs whilst conforming to the highest safety standards. 40 Cyber security has become a hot topic The marine and energy industries are far from being immune to cyber-a acks and security breaches, and the consequences can be far- reaching. 36 43 Danfoss opens applica on development centre in Singapore The company’s technologies will help customers achieve energy effi ciency.

REGULAR SECTIONS

04 INDUSTRY NEWS 14 EVENTS 41 44 IES UPDATE

The Singapore Engineer is published monthly by The Ins tu on of Engineers, Singapore (IES). The publica on is distributed free-of-charge to IES members and affi liates. Views expressed in this publica on do not necessarily refl ect those of the Editor or IES. All rights reserved. No part of this magazine shall be reproduced, mechanically or electronically, without the prior consent of IES. Whilst every care is taken to ensure accuracy of the content at press me, IES will not be liable for any discrepancies. Unsolicited contribu ons are welcome but their inclusion in the magazine is at the discre on of the Editor.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 03 INDUSTRY NEWS

COLLABORATION, DATA, R&D AND SKILLS TAKE CENTRE STAGE IN PLANS FOR PORT GROWTH

The Mari me and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) This will help enable the development and test-bedding announced a slew of measures last month to strengthen of digital apps and services for the mari me industry as the inter- and intra-connec vity of Singapore’s mari me well as promote data sharing. It will also serve as a col- cluster, build a vibrant innova on ecosystem and develop labora ve pla orm for technology companies, startups a skilled, future-ready workforce. and mari me stakeholders to co-develop data-driven mari me solu ons, support projects under the MPA These will facilitate growth and support Singapore’s Living Lab and enhance connec vity among mari me vision to be a global mari me hub. logis cs stakeholders. Investments in port capacity and infrastructure will As a start, the SG-MDH will make available to the public con nue together with PSA. By early 2019, reclama on real- me access to MPA’s port and ship-related data such works for the fi rst phase of the Tuas Terminal should be as vessel informa on, vessel arrival and departure me complete. Concurrently, PSA is tes ng out new opera on and vessel posi on and movement by the third quarter systems involving automated guided vehicles, yard and of 2018. quay cranes for deployment in Tuas. MPA will work with stakeholders such as classifi ca on Apart from promo ng the growth of non-tradi onal socie es and mari me companies on this front and will mari me technology enterprises, the authority will also also look to integrate SG-MDH with the Na onal Trade co-fund the cost of shared workspaces and services to Pla orm and other industry-wide and government sys- encourage exper se and resource sharing. tems. In the longer term, to foster collabora on and co-inno- Besides systems and technologies, MPA will con nue to va on across the mari me and other sectors, MPA, PSA invest in developing the mari me workforce. The author- and other government agencies will experiment with ity will roll out a new Global Talent Programme (GTP) by concepts such as inter-modal logis cs and explore the 2019 to groom local mari me talent for future leadership se ng up of a port and logis cs cluster at Tuas, which and management posi ons, and will also co-fund 70 per could spur the development of more effi cient systems for cent of eligible expenses incurred by companies which supply chain management. are prepared to commit to training local talent through Furthermore, MPA will capitalise on digitalisa on and au- structured rota ons and overseas a achments. toma on with the Mari me Transforma on Programme It aims to partner up to 20 mari me companies with a (MTP). strong focus on human capital development over the This will be rolled out “over the next few months” and next seven years. build new capabili es plus capture new growth areas. Furthermore, the authority will top up the Mari me In collabora on with the Na onal Research Founda on, Cluster Fund by SGD 100 million to co-fund the concep- ins tutes of higher learning and industry, the MTP will tualisa on of new products or services, to spur innova- deepen Singapore’s mari me R&D capabili es in four on and forge collabora ons amongst mari me players. focus areas: It is expected to support about 30 new projects and ben- • Effi cient and intelligent world class next genera on efi t some 5,000 people annually. port; • Smart autonomous vessel and mari me opera ons; • Strategic sea space and mari me traffi c management; • Eff ec ve mari me safety and security. Funding will be made available for industry partners to help develop new capabili es and technologies that have high applica on poten al. Addi onally, MPA will establish the Singapore Mari me Data Hub (SG-MDH), a one-stop data repository with a centralised applica on programming interface gateway and data management capabili es. MPA plans to s mulate port growth through smart digital technologies

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 04 April 2018 INDUSTRY NEWS

MULTISPECTRAL LENSLESS IMAGING TECHNIQUE DEVELOPED BY NTU SCIENTISTS

A new camera technology developed by scien sts from usually bulky and NTU can take sharp, colour images without using a lens expensive due and colour fi lters. to the precision manufacturing Using only a piece of ground glass and a monochrome sen- required. sor, the scien sts created mul -coloured images by u lising an algorithm to ‘reverse engineer’ light that is sca ered by Replacing these the translucent ma surface of the ground glass, recon- with ground glass struc ng the original image that was projected on to it. opens up poten- al applica ons To do this, they created a library of ‘speckle pa erns’ in compact cam- linked to each wavelength of light, including those in the eras and smart infrared and ultraviolet spectrums which are not visible phones to reduce Prof Dang (le ) and Dr Sahoo demonstra ng to the naked eye. their physical size their mul spectral lensless imaging technique. Photo: NTU The project leader, Assistant Professor Steve Cuong Dang further. from the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, According to NTU, the ability of this new technique to said, “The unique feature of our camera is that it can reconstruct images in other wavelengths, even at the mi- capture any range of light spectrum, unlike exis ng cameras croscopic scale, means that many domains can benefi t, on the market which are pre-fi xed. It is also less aff ected by such as medicine, surveillance, and astrophysics. op cal alignment issues like conven onal cameras, because there are no moving parts and no focusing op cs.” This interdisciplinary project involving physics and pho- tonics engineering took Prof Dang and his researchers Dr In a conven onal camera, op cs made from glass or plas- Sujit Kumar Sahoo, and Dr Tang Dongliang, over a year of c lenses capture light and guide it onto the colour fi lters research and development. A patent has been fi led for and camera sensor to obtain images. These lenses are this new technology.

SMRTMCLAREN PARTNERSHIP TO TAP ON F1 TECHNOLOGY TO MONITOR TRAIN PERFORMANCE

On 15 March 2018, SMRT Trains and McLaren Applied Technol- 300 sensors embedded on its two race cars. This enables the ogies announced that they would be partnering on condi- team to monitor, analyse and make informed decisions in real on-monitoring solu ons to track and predict the performance me to op mise on-track performance. of SMRT trains. The joint team will work on customising solu ons to monitor The United Kingdom-based company is part of the McLaren the train motors, brakes, pneuma c systems and gearboxes Group, which includes the Formula 1 team and high-perfor- aboard one train; these will serve as a test-bed to allow en- mance car maker McLaren Automo ve. gineers to validate the performance of an end-to-end condi- on-monitoring pla orm. The agreement marks the fi rst me that engineers at SMRT and McLaren Applied Technologies are jointly seeking to adapt race Mr Desmond Kuek, SMRT President and Group CEO, said, “We car condi on-monitoring technology for tracking MRT train look forward to collabora ng with McLaren Applied Technolo- performance. gies to elevate this capability further, combining our engineer- ing exper se in rail with their proven capabili es harnessing The sensors and high-speed loggers installed on race cars are sensors, telemetry and so ware in motorsport.” small and light to save space and weight. They are also of robust construc on to withstand the stresses imposed during Adding on, Mr Dick Glover, Ac ng CEO, McLaren Applied Tech- high speed races, meaning they can be readily adapted for use nologies, said: “This unique partnership with SMRT will deliver on trains. advantage for Singapore by maximising vehicle availability and maintenance capacity of their train services.” Over a Grand Prix season, the McLaren race team captures an average of more than 12 billion real- me data points from over

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 05 INDUSTRY NEWS

ST ENGINEERING TRIALS NEXTGEN SMART BUS STOP OUTSIDE PLAZA SINGAPURA

In early March, ST Engineering announced the launch of the zens. With this world’s fi rst Airbitat Oasis Smart Bus Stop, ST world’s fi rst next genera on smart bus stop that addresses Engineering is trialling an approach of harnessing technolo- the challenges of urban heat and PM2.5 par cle-based air gy and innova on to transform land transport infrastructure pollu on. so that even simple daily ac vi es such as wai ng for a bus can be greatly improved through data analy cs, air cooling Located along Orchard Road, outside Plaza Singapura, the and purifi ca on technologies,” said Mr Gareth Tang, Head Airbitat Oasis Smart Bus Stop was developed within 18 of Innosparks. months from idea to market by Innosparks, an ST Engineer- ing Open Lab, and harnesses digitalisa on and data analyt- Findings from the trial will be shared with LTA and other ics to transform the commuter’s overall transit experience. interested government agencies. It uses water to cool air to as low as 24 degrees Celsius, de- Through data collected from the bus stop technologies and livering energy-effi cient, sustainable cooling with no waste communter surveys conducted of commuters, Innosparks heat genera on. It also u lises air purifi ca on to remove will also explore how its technologies, such as its overhead air harmful airborne PM2.5 par cles. Other tech features will cooling and purifi ca on unit, can be deployed in other ways to enable it to detect suspicious ac vi es such as una ended meet ci zens’ needs in various public outdoor spaces. baggage and loitering, trialling the applica on of public safety technologies. The Airbitat Oasis Smart Bus Stop leverages the already proven technology of the Airbitat Smart Cooler which Innosparks will trial the Airbitat Oasis Smart Bus Stop for a year. has been successfully deployed in other commercial and “Designers of Smart Ci es need to reimagine infrastructure industrial urban spaces, such as the Singapore Mandai Zoo, and design solu ons that improve their liveability for ci - Resorts World Sentosa, and CHIJMES.

The Airbitat Oasis Smart Bus Stop and its features. Image: ST Engineering / Innosparks

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 06 April 2018 INDUSTRY NEWS

CYBERCRIMINALS DEPLOYED MORE STRATEGIC CYBERATTACKS ON COMPANIES IN 2017 According to cybersecurity fi rm Trend Micro’s 2017 from 2016 (1.07 billion), a 32 per cent increase in new Annual Security Roundup Report, cybercriminals are u l- ransomware families in 2017 was observed. ising more strategic methods to achieve a higher success rate and return on investment. Major variants, such as WannaCry and Petya, were re- sponsible for large-scale, contagious a acks and incurred Although the number of data breaches made public in an es mated USD 5 billion in losses globally. 2017 decreased to 553, compared to 813 in 2016, the number of aff ected records hit almost 5 billion, com- In addi on, the report reveals a doubling of Business pared to 3.3 billion in 2016. Email Compromise a empts between the fi rst and second half of 2017 and soaring rates of cryptocurrency Ransomware threats and exploit kits also decreased, sig- mining malware, peaking at more than 100,000 detec- nalling a shi away from “spray-and-pray a acks” towards ons in October. smaller-scale, more eff ec ve, and more targeted a acks. Vulnerable IoT devices are also a major security risk In 2017, 630 million threats were detected in the across several trending threats. So ware vulnerabili es Asia-Pacifi c alone, almost 40 per cent of Trend Micro’s also con nued to be targeted, with 1,008 new fl aws global total. Although this was a signifi cant decrease discovered and disclosed in 2017.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 07 INDUSTRY NEWS

ST ENGINEERING CREATES NEW MANAGEMENT POSITION TO DRIVE GROWTH IN NEW BUSINESS AREAS ST Engineering has appointed Mr Russell Tham as Presi- Mr Tham joined ST Engineering a er 23 years with dent, New Enterprises and Ventures, eff ec ve 19 March Applied Materials, where he held various manage- 2018. ment posi ons before being appointed president of its South-east Asian opera ons in 2009. In this posi on, he In this newly created posi on, Mr Tham will drive the oversaw the regional business and led the company’s expansion of the Group’s business by building new adja- business, infrastructure and strategy to grow their foot- cencies for growth through technology and innova on print in Singapore and South-east Asia. in ver cals outside of the Group’s core businesses in the aerospace, electronics, land systems and marine sectors. He has concurrently held various global roles based in He will report to the Mr Vincent Chong, President and Singapore, including corporate business development CEO of ST Engineering. responsibili es to drive opportuni es in new growth markets. “The crea on of this new posi on represents a further strengthening of our management team, and signals our Mr Tham serves on the board of the Energy Market commitment to pursue growth beyond our core business Authority (EMA) and a member of the Singapore gov- sectors as we advance into building new business ver cals, ernment’s Future Economy Council a er serving on the including health and medical technology,” said Mr Chong. Commi ee on the Future

SOFTBANK ROBOTICS EUROPE SELECTS COGNIZANT FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE OF AI SYSTEMS IN ITS ROBOTS

IT services MNC Cognizant has been selected by So Bank Robo cs Europe, a specialist in humanoid robo cs, to provide quality engi- neering and assurance (QE&A) services for the ar fi cial intelligence (AI) systems in the popular Pepper and NAO robots. Cognizant’s exper se ensures high quality machine-human interac- ons and will enable So Bank Robo cs Europe to scale produc on to meet rising global demand in sectors such as retail, healthcare, tourism and educa on. Cognizant’s QE&A engineers, based in Grenoble, France, will devel- op a standardised tes ng protocol for the NAOqi opera ng system – the two robots’ “brains” – as well as their default applica ons for speech recogni on, movement percep on and obstacle and colli- sion avoidance, to ensure op mal performance. Cognizant will also provide tes ng services for the development toolkit and content management system, as well as tes ng appli- ca ons developed by partners, to ensure conformity to rules and policies throughout So Bank Robo cs Europe’s en re value chain. Cognizant’s advanced tes ng capabili es will also enable So Bank Robo cs Europe to develop apps more quickly, allowing their Pep- per and NAO robots to be even more intui ve, agile and person- alised. These robots are currently used in shops and public places to wel- come, inform and entertain customers, and in educa onal se ngs, such as helping children to learn in a unique and fun way. The NAO (le ) and Pepper robots. Photo: So Bank Robo cs

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 08 April 2018 THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 09 INDUSTRY NEWS

PROF RITA R COLWELL WINS LEE KUAN YEW WATER PRIZE 2018

In conjunc on with World Singapore Interna onal Water Week Water Day 2018, on 22 Organised by Singapore’s Ministry of the Environment March, and the launch of the and Water Resources and PUB, Singapore’s Na onal ‘Interna onal Decade for Ac- Water Agency, and with Experia as the Event Organiser, on: Water for Sustainable Singapore Interna onal Water Week (SIWW) is a global Development 2018 - 2028’, pla orm to share and co-create innova ve water solu- Prof Rita R Colwell was ons. The event will comprise the Lee Kuan Yew Water unveiled as the recipient of Prize, Water Leaders Summit, Water Conven on, Busi- the pres gious Lee Kuan Yew ness Forums, Industrial Water Solu ons Forum, Water Water Prize 2018. Expo, TechXchange, Young Water Leaders Summit and One of the most well-known Prof Rita R Colwell the HydroPreneur Programme. and respected water scien sts in the world today, Prof Colwell is Dis nguished University Professor at both the University of Maryland at College Park CleanEnviro Summit Singapore 2018 to and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA. address environmental challenges Though her immensely rich and mul -faceted career, Themed ‘Transforming Tomorrow’s Ci es with Clean which con nues ll today, Prof Colwell has benefi ed Environment Solu ons’, the fourth biennial CleanEn- the lives of millions worldwide through her pioneering viro Summit Singapore 2018 (CESS 2018), organised insights into microbial water quality surveillance and her by the Na onal Environment Agency, Singapore, will reless eff orts in building upon these insights to trans- be held from 8 to 12 July 2018, in conjunc on with form the surveillance and control of cholera and other SIWW 2018 and WCS 2018. The event will provide a waterborne diseases. global pla orm for industry and government leaders to iden fy, develop and share prac cal, replicable and As the 8th Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize Laureate, Prof Rita scalable solu ons to address environmental challeng- R Colwell will deliver the Singapore Water Lecture on 9 es. CESS 2018 will deep-dive into fi ve streams: July 2018. She will also receive the Lee Kuan Yew Water Waste Management: Singapore has developed an Prize at the Lee Kuan Yew Prize Award Ceremony and advanced and integrated waste management system Banquet on the same night. that minimises land use and maximises resource re- covery. In working towards the Zero Waste Na on vi- The award ceremony is one of the fl agship programmes of sion, new solu ons need to be con nuously explored. Singapore Interna onal Water Week 2018 (SIWW 2018), Cleaning: A recession-proof sector, the cleaning industry which will be held from 8 to 12 July 2018, concurrently with is one of the fast-growing areas in developing economies. the World Ci es Summit 2018 (WCS 2018) and CleanEnviro Summit Singapore 2018 (CESS 2018), at Sands Expo and Pest Management: The pest management industry is Conven on Centre, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore. con nually progressing with increasing emphasis on integrated pest management and technology, and its SIWW 2018 will feature a range of fl agship programmes transforma on into a knowledge industry. and pla orms that bring together the global value chain Sustainable Energy: Energy effi ciency and renewable of water, to share the latest in business and technological energy play signifi cant roles in decoupling econom- innova ons, as well as policy developments in water. ic growth from the increase in carbon emissions. Renewable energy solu ons are helping to move away from fossil fuel dependence, while improvements in Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize smart grid and storage technologies will reshape how Launched in 2008 to recognise outstanding contribu ons electricity is produced and delivered. by individuals or organisa ons towards solving the world’s Pollu on Control: Smart systems can be used to water problems by developing or applying innova ve tech- bolster pollu on control capabili es, allowing for re- nologies or implemen ng policies and programmes which al- me analysis of air, land, and marine pollu on, and benefi t humanity, the Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize (named in implementa on of suitable measures. honour of Singapore’s fi rst Prime Minister) is the highlight of In-depth discussions and the sharing of global best SIWW. The Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize laureate receives SGD prac ces will be facilitated through business forums 300,000, a cer fi cate and a gold medallion at the award and high level plenaries, such as the Clean Environ- ceremony held during the event. The award is sponsored by ment Leaders Summit, Clean Environment Conven on, Temasek Founda on Innovates, a non-profi t philanthropic and Clean Environment Regulators Roundtable. The organisa on that funds and supports programmes focusing Innova on Pitch will showcase the latest environmen- tal solu ons. on developing prac cal solu ons for a be er life through research and innova on.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 10 April 2018 INDUSTRY NEWS

AUTOCAD 2019 WITH SPECIALISED TOOLSETS NOW AVAILABLE

Subscribers of AutoCAD 2019 can access the following and 10,500+ intelligent mechanical, electrical, and seven toolsets with just one product: plumbing objects can be used in the dra ing, designing and documenta on of building systems. Architecture Toolset - the specialised building design fea- tures and 8,000+ intelligent architectural objects and styles Plant 3D Toolset - the specialised plant design and engi- speed up architectural drawing and documenta on. neering toolset can be used to effi ciently produce P&IDs and then integrate them into a 3D plant design model. Mechanical Toolset - the specialised mechanical design features and 700,000+ intelligent manufacturing parts, Map 3D Toolset - the specialised mapping features can be features and symbols speed up product design. used to incorporate GIS and CAD data to support planning, design, and data management. Stored spa al data can be Electrical Toolset - the specialised electrical design accessed and aggregated with user’s AutoCAD design data. features and 65,000+ intelligent electrical symbols boost produc vity. Raster Design Toolset - raster to vector tools can help the user to edit scanned drawings and convert raster images MEP Toolset - the specialised MEP engineering features into DWG objects.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 11 INDUSTRY NEWS

SEOUL CONFERRED LEE KUAN YEW WORLD CITY PRIZE 2018

Seoul, the capital of South Korea, has won the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize 2018. Through a combina on of visionary leadership and ac ve engagement of its ci zens, it has fl ourished to become an inclusive, crea ve and sustainable city with a high quality of life. The Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize honours outstanding achievements in and contribu ons to the crea on of liveable, vibrant and sustainable urban communi es around the world. The biennial interna onal award has been jointly organised by the Urban Rede- velopment Authority (URA) and Centre for Liveable Ci es (CLC), since 2010. Seoul has exhibited several model strategies in crea ng a dis nc ve and deligh ul home for its ci zens: Overview of Seoul, including Seoullo 7017 - a lushly planted elevated walkway with ac vi es along the way. Image by Seoul Metropolitan Government.

Bold leadership with innova ve Crea ve rejuvena on of modern heritage solu ons Seoul seeks innova ve ways to repurpose its heritage Post-democra sa on in the 1990s, Seoul faced the chal- buildings, a prac ce also known in the city as ‘devel- lenges of rapid urbanisa on. These included an increas- opment without demoli on’. For example, Makercity ingly resistant and vocal populace, a dras c increase in Sewoon is a cluster of seven commercial superblocks the number of cars and resul ng environmental degra- built in the 1970s, which were rehabilitated through the da on. Bold leadership to implement cataly c projects, sensi ve introduc on of new uses and interven ons. such as the Dongdaemun Area Regenera on, to shi Seoul’s focus from tradi onal manufacturing to design, From among the ci es considered for the Lee Kuan Yew led to benefi ts for the en re city. World City Prize 2018, four ci es won ‘Special Men ons’ for their best prac ces in city management. They are Good communica on with ci zens and stakeholders Hamburg, Germany; Kazan, Russian Federa on; Suraba- ya, Indonesia; and Tokyo, Japan. City leaders also engaged and nego ated with stakehold- ers represen ng diff erent interests, and formulated a set of confl ict management strategies. The government Prize Lecture and Award Ceremony introduced a team of nego ators for urban development Seoul will be invited to give the Prize Lecture on 9 July projects, to engage ci zens on the city’s vision. The Seoul 2018 at the World Ci es Summit 2018 (WCS 2018) Master Plan 2030 went further to make ci zen par ci- which will be held at Sands Expo and Conven on Centre, pa on the norm of all plans, and priori sed bo om-up Marina Bay Sands, Singapore, from 8 to12 July 2018. It processes. will also receive the prize at the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize 2018 Award Ceremony and Banquet on 9 July 2018, Decisive shi to people-centric spaces during the summit. Seoul u lised big data to help ci zens make a seamless The prize comprises an award cer fi cate, a gold me- and convenient transi on from car-oriented transpor- dallion and a cash prize of SGD 300,000, sponsored by ta on to public transport. Elevated highways and main Keppel Corpora on. roads were reclaimed to become prominent public spac- Representa ves of the four ci es that won ‘Special Men- es. For instance, an elevated highway was removed to ons’, will also share their experiences, at a dedicated restore a stream and create a natural recrea onal haven Prize Forum, during the summit. at Cheonggyecheong, and a formerly congested area at Yonsei-ro was pedestrianised. WCS 2018 is also organised by CLC and URA.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 12 April 2018 INDUSTRY NEWS

NEW CHAIR FOR ARUP IN AUSTRALASIA

Arup, the global design, engineering and business con- Mr Koh joined Arup as a market leader, focussing par- sultancy has recently appointed Mr Peter Chamley as the cularly on the crea on and implementa on of ver cal Chair for Arup in Australasia. Formerly Group Leader for solu on plans for na onal governments. Having worked Arup’s Infrastructure prac ce, Mr Chamley has over 35 in Australia, USA and Asia, he has in mate knowledge years’ experience in leading major projects across the on Asia’s growing and emerging markets. Mr Koh also UK, Europe, Australasia, East Asia and USA. takes a personal interest in working with start-ups who are developing drone, video analysis and robo cs capa- Mr Chamley, who will be based in Melbourne, takes over bili es, to bring new levels of op misa on to the built as Chair from Mr Peter Bailey who has moved into the environment. role of Group Director of Sustainable Development. Mr Walmsley joined Arup in 1997 and brings with him Earlier, Arup had appointed Mr Kevin Koh to lead the more than 20 years of global planning and design experi- digital services team, and Mr Neil Walmsley, to lead the ence. The ci es and planning team will bring together a ci es and planning team, in Singapore. holis c range of specialist technical and advisory services With more than 23 years of experience in the industry, across all aspects of the built environment.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 13 EVENTS

ASIA PACIFIC MARITIME 2018 CLOSES ON A HIGH NOTE

Asia Pacifi c Mari me 2018 (APM 2018), Asia’s premier ship- New at the exhibi on area was the Career & Skills pavil- building & marine, workboat and off shore exhibi on and ion, where industry professionals looking for upskilling conference, was held from 14 to 16 March 2018, at Sands and career opportuni es obtained insights from over Expo and Conven on Centre, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore. 10 presenta ons by industry observers, and met with agencies involved in human capital, recruitment, talent Close to 14,200 trade visitors a ended the biennial event management, and training & development. which featured the displays of 1,432 brands from 60 coun- tries, at over 644 booths. APM 2018 was organised by Reed Exhibi ons. APM 2018 Conference More than 60 industry leaders spearheaded discussions APM 2018 Exhibi on at the APM 2018 conference, cemen ng its posi on as an important knowledge exchange pla orm. Leveraging the convergence of mari me decision-makers at APM 2018, several exhibitors presented their newest The APM 2018 Conference also covered cri cal industry launches at the exhibi on fl oor. Among them were the ma ers rela ng to hybrid mari me, marine fuels, mari- following: me fi nance, the off shore sector and the tanker market, as well as Vietnam’s role in the Southeast Asian and glob- • The ALCONA brand of professional-grade products al mari me industry. from AMOS Interna onal (S) Pte Ltd • AQUAMAP keyed GPS - the advanced all-in-one solu- The next edi on on from Garmin Corpora on APM 2020, the next edi on of APM will take place from • New industrial spark plugs and marine ba eries from 18 to 20 March 2020. Robert Bosch (SEA) Pte Ltd “Through the years, APM has always been a marketplace • A mobile applica on for ship sales and purchase from of ideas, innova on and to exchange deals. It is heart- Sovereign Shipping Global ening to witness strong par cipa on and support from interna onal exhibitors and visitors - the strong turnout • The propulsion research vessel from Teignbridge Pro- also reaffi rms APM’s importance in Asia. As the industry pellers Int Ltd looks forward to a posi ve year ahead, partnerships • The 6M33NG Marine Gas Propulsion Engine from We- cemented and knowledge gained over the three days ichai Singapore Pte Ltd will certainly power the industry forward as we navigate the upward cycle”, said Ms Yeow Hui Leng, Group Project Several business announcements were also made. Au- Director, APM, Reed Exhibi ons Pte Ltd. tronica Fire & Security AS relocated its regional offi ce to Singapore to be er serve the needs of mari me clients in the region, while Hanseat- icso is looking to open a Singapore offi ce to ac- celerate its growth in the Asian shipping market. APM 2018 also brought together 18 offi cial pavil- ions - from Austria, Aus- tralia, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germa- ny, Greece, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Norway, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, the Neth- erlands and the United Kingdom. Asia Pacifi c Mari me 2018 a racted large numbers of visitors.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 14 April 2018 THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 15 COVER STORY

SBF CENTER PROJECT GAINS RECOGNITION FOR SAFETY

The development was a winner of the BCA Design and Engineering Safety Excellence Award, in the Commercial Category, at BCA AWARDS 2017.

INTRODUCTION Located in the Central Business District along Robinson Road, SBF Center is a commercial development featuring dedicated, purpose-built medical suites as well as high quality, contemporary offi ce spaces. Developed by Far East Organiza on, SBF Center also fea- tures a collec on of sky gardens interspersed through- out the development, a fully sheltered plaza stylishly landscaped into a park-like environment with F&B outlets and alfresco dining areas, as well as recrea onal facili es including a 20 m lap pool and gymnasium. SBF Center consists of a 31-storey offi ce tower and an 8-storey podium accommoda ng the medical centre as well as F&B and retail outlets. There are also two base- ment car parks. Besides winning the BCA Design and Safety Excellence Award 2017, SBF Center has also received the MOM WSH Safety and Health Award 2016, the ROSPA Occupa onal Safety Award 2016, the Green Mark Pla num Award 2016, and the FIABCI Singapore Property Award 2017.

DESIGN PROCESSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR SAFETY Robust transfer system The major design challenge in this project was in rela on to the transfer fl oor system of the building. Column numbers were limited, due to the design requirement for spacious medical suite podium fl oors without the obstruc on of columns. Hence, a transfer fl oor, with long-span transfer beams, was introduced at the inter- sec on between the offi ce and podium fl oors, to carry The mul -award-winning SBF Center the loading from the offi ce fl oors above. Top down construc on The tower block is a slender structure with a tower The development is located in close proximity to the height of 184 m, fl oor plan width of only 20.2 m, and a East-West Line MRT tunnel and adjoining structures with slenderness ra o of 9.1. The main lateral load resistance various services and buildings. system for the structure is provided by the tower li core and gable end walls. The overturning moment ac ng on Hence, top down construc on, with a secant bored pile the building is resisted by ‘push and pull’ coupling eff ects wall system, was adopted as the Earth Retaining and generated by compression and decompression in the Stabilising Structure (ERSS), to minimise impacts and walls. hazards to neighbouring structures. A secant bored pile wall provides water ghtness, while a This system minimises building sway, and reduces constructed RC slab possesses greater s ff ness as a strut accelera ons under wind loads to acceptable levels, for for the retaining secant bored pile wall. occupant comfort.

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Design analysis of ra founda on the methodologies was the use of ETABS so ware with To ensure robust founda on design, load-taking was car- considera on of construc on sequence, and the other ried out using two diff erent methodologies and the most method was the conven onal tributary area load-taking. cri cal cases were adopted as the design values. One of The design of the ra founda on was carried out using

Robust transfer system that integrates with the lateral load resisting system analysed with sophisticated 3D Finite Element, ETABS and RAM Concept software.

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the 3D fi nite element so ware, RAM Concept, with the relate the measurements with theore cal es ma ons up most cri cal case values incorpora ng wind loadings to the comple on of the roof of the structure. The actual generated from the wind tunnel test. se lement measurements showed favourable readings compared to the theore cal projec ons, hence establish- As part of safe founda on design, monitoring of building ing the veracity of the founda on design. se lement at regular fl oor intervals was done, to cor-

Top down construc on with secant bored pile wall as ERSS system for construc on of basements

3D fi nite element analsysis of ra founda on, using RAM Concept

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Wind tunnel test Mock-up of thick ra founda on As the tower is considered rela vely slender for its As part of the eff orts to validate quality, a mock-up of the height, there were signifi cant challenges in the design thick ra founda on was done, with the main objec ve of the superstructure. In order to provide more certain- of determining the cross-sec onal temperature diff er- ty, a scaled model was put through a wind tunnel test, en al due to the heat of hydra on of concrete. Ther- under present and future condi ons, to determine wind mocouples with real- me data loggers were deployed loadings for both building and façade designs. The wind to monitor the core and surface temperatures, and the tunnel test enabled a more accurate determina on results of the mock-up showed a favourable temperature of the building accelera on, building dri and a more diff eren al. robust façade design, thereby contribu ng to the safety of the overall design. BIM modelling A BIM model was built, to achieve synergic collabora on QUALITY APPROACH amongst project team members from various disciplines In addi on to con nuous monitoring of se lement and increased quality of informa on sharing, in order to ensure rec fi ca on of design confl icts at the earliest during construc on and implementa on of the wind tun- possible me and achieve higher standards of safety in nel test, other measures were implemented, to ensure construc on. quality commensurate with the design intent. DESIGN FOR SAFE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Automated Monitoring System devices Catwalks Con nuous, real- me Automated Monitoring System (ATMS) devices were installed within the adjacent MRT There are sky terrace fl oors with double ceiling heights. tunnel, to closely monitor and ensure that the move- In order to facilitate safe access for future inspec on and maintenance of M&E services installed in these sky ments are within LTA-approved allowable limits, through- terraces, at height, catwalks have been provided. This is out the construc on period. Readings acquired showed in accordance with the philosophy of a safe design for favourable results compared to the theore cal ERSS safe future opera ons. analysis projec ons, hence establishing the veracity of the ERSS system adopted. Building Maintenance Unit Preven on of diff eren al se lement cracking As part of the building maintenance strategy for the tow- er’s curtain wall system, the roof design has allowed for As the tower carries vastly greater loading than the low- the provision of a Building Maintenance Unit. Detailed rise podium block, it is expected to se le diff erently from coordina on was carried out to ensure that there was the podium block. If the tower block and podium block suffi cient roof space to posi on the track system, as are connected integrally from the onset, cracks due to closely as possible, along the the roof’s edge, for higher diff eren al se lement can be expected to form along the effi ciency. The system represents a sustainable and eco- interface of the two blocks, due to the vastly diff erent nomical approach to carry out maintenance, for years to structural condi ons. It was therefore decided during the come, with the safety of the opera ng personnel as the design process, to introduce post-pour strips along the top priority. interface of the tower and podium blocks to mi gate this concern. CONSTRUCTION QUALITY AND SAFETY Prefabricated elements and components Prefabricated perimeter beams and columns were ad- opted for the construc on at the roof level, to minimise concrete cas ng (wet works) and working at height, to ensure safety of construc on site personnel. In addi on, the roof crown steel connec ons were designed as pre- fabricated nuts and bolts, to minimise welding works on site and hence avoid poten al fi re hazards.

Steel frame bar chairs As the ra is thick, the ra reinforcement was supported by means of bar chairs, to mi gate the risk of reinforcement collapsing onto workers working within the ra founda on. This greatly enhanced the safety of the workers, with regard to reinforcement collapse, as well as to provide a fi rmer pla orm for more accurate placement of the reinforce- ment, thereby improving the quality of works. Wind tunnel test

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Temperature monitoring of concrete pour The 3 m thick ra founda on was cast using Portland Blast Furnace Cement (PBFC) concrete, to keep the heat of hydra on low enough to prevent excessive heat cracks. Thermocouples with real- me data loggers were used to monitor the diff erence in the tempera- ture between the concrete core and the surface, such that any abnormality could be picked up instantly and rec fi ed swi ly. No excessive temperature diff erences were recorded, hence ensuring the integrity of the ra founda on.

Prefabricated retaining wall A prefabricated RC retaining wall was employed as the temporary earth retaining structure during excava on and cas ng of deep core wall founda on, to ensure the safety of all site personnel, during the construc on works. The prefabricated RC retaining wall also provided a s ff er surface that served as formwork for the concrete pour, hence improving both construc on quality and safety.

B2 PUBLIC SAFETY Controlled access for construc on vehicles The development is located in Singapore’s central busi- ness district, along major roads with dense traffi c and in close proximity to surrounding buildings. Access to the Catwalks have been provided above the ceilings of all sky terraces for construc on site was therefore restricted. To mi gate future inspec on and maintenance.

Steel frame bar chairs used for ra construc on

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these constraints and to minimise the impact to the A wind tunnel test was carried out and the output neighbourhood, all construc on vehicles were required of the test was incorporated in the 3D fi nite element to enter the construc on site via the back of lane, ser- design analysis of the en re building, to ensure that the vice road, throughout the en re construc on period. design intent and the intended level of design safety in the actual built structure, are achieved. Safety nets A top-down construc on with secant bored pile walls Heavy duty full height safety nets were deployed to method was adopted as the ERSS system for the con- prevent debris from falling down within the construc- struc on of basements which are in close proximity to on site and also, onto public spaces. Safety nets were the East-West Line MRT tunnel (First Reserved Line). erected on all constructed levels, as well, to prevent Secant bored pile walls are water- ght while the con- falling object and falling from height hazards, during structed RC slab possess great s ff ness as a strut. Real erec on/ dismantling of formwork. Flip boards were in- me Automated Monitoring System devices (ATMS) stalled between the safety screens and the building pe- were installed within the MRT tunnel for monitoring rimeter, to seal all gaps, thereby crea ng a full barrier. during excava on, and the readings obtained were compared against the theore cal outputs from ERSS Covered walkway for pedestrians analysis. In addi on to the safety screens, covered walkways Many measures were implemented, that helped to were provided for pedestrians, throughout the en re achieve an accident-free record, throughout the con- construc on period, along an external footpath adjoin- struc on, even though there was work at great heights. ing the construc on site footprint, to prevent debris These measures included the use of a prefabricated from falling onto the public area. This passive measure retaining wall for excava on of the deep ra founda- eff ec vely augmented the debris management strategy on; the use of prefabricated perimeter roof beams and aimed at enhancing public safety. columns; the provision of access for heavy construc on vehicles via the back lane; the provision of heavy duty, Sound and vibra on monitoring devices full height safety nets; and the provision of an external, Sound and vibra on monitoring devices were posi- covered walkway for pedestrians, throughout the en re oned on neighbouring structures, to monitor and construc on period. ensure that the impact of construc on ac vi es were within the allowable limits. In the event of these limits In addi on, the design and provision of the telescopic being breached, the site would have had to be no fi ed BMU system and catwalks at the high volume sky ter- and all site ac vi es stopped with immediate eff ect. races will contribute to the safety of building mainte- nance personnel during the opera onal life of the building. Noise barriers In addi on to the provision of sound and vibra on monitoring devices, preven ve measures were also tak- en on site, to minimise disturbance to the neighbour- PROJECT CREDITS hood. Noise barriers were provided to reduce the noise from all site ac vi es that would generate noise, such Qualifi ed Person as the hacking of bored pile heads to expose starter Er. Allan Teo Kok Jin bars. Also, temporary electrical generator rooms were constructed, to ensure that the noise produced by the Civil & Structural Consultant generators is signifi cantly reduced. KTP Consultants Pte Ltd

CONCLUSION Contractor Spacious podium fl oors, with limited number of Woh Hup (Private) Limited columns, are obligatory, due to the requirements for Developer the func oning of the medical suites. To achieve this Far East Organiza on objec ve, a transfer fl oor was introduced at the inter- sec on between the offi ce and podium fl oors. As the Architect offi ce block is considered a slender structure, with a DP Architects Pte Ltd slenderness ra o of 9.1, it was essen al to establish a robust transfer system integrated with the main lateral loads resis ng system. Hence, the tower li core and gable end walls were designed as the main lateral load All images by KTP Consultants Pte Ltd resistance system of the structure.

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PROTECTING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AGAINST TERRORIST ATTACKS

by Ang Choon-Keat, Lin Yadong and Justus Goh, Prostruct Consul ng Pte Ltd, Singapore With the real possibility of terrorist a acks, Singapore passed the Infrastructure Protec on Act (IPA) in October 2017, to provide a clear regulatory framework for protec on against such threats. Selected buildings will have to undergo a security-by-design (SBD) process, before they are built or renovated. This ar cle gives a brief introduc on of the IPA, the SBD process, as well as some common mi ga on strategies to enhance building protec on.

INTRODUCTION strategy to fi ght terror. Under the new law, MHA could Mi ga ng the threat of terrorist a acks has always been designate new buildings as ‘special developments’, and a challenging task. It is diffi cult to predict how, why and exis ng buildings as ‘special infrastructures’. The des- when such an a ack will take place. A terrorist a ack ignated buildings include those that provide essen al is an extremely disrup ve act which can destabilise the services, have heavy human traffi c or have iconic or normalcy and unity of a society. Historically, bombings symbolic signifi cance. have been among the favourite tac cs used by terrorists, These iden fi ed buildings will be required to go through due to the rela ve ease of access to chemicals needed a security-by-design (SBD) process, to integrate security to make explosives. A acks can be carried out by suicide measures such as video surveillance, vehicle barriers and bombers or by the detona on of vehicle borne explo- protec on against blasts, in their design, before they are sives. Vehicles can also be driven at speed into groups of built, and for selected exis ng buildings to incorporate unsuspec ng people. such measures in their renova on plans. Past terrorist incidents show that critical infrastruc- ture are preferred targets for terrorists. On 22 March Security-by-design 2016, three coordinated suicide bombings occurred in Incorpora ng physical security concepts in the ini al Belgium - two at Brussels Airport and one at Maal- design of a new building is o en the most effi cient and beek Metro Station in central Brussels. The incident cost-eff ec ve way to achieve the required security level, resulted in more than 30 fatalities and more than 300 at minimal cost. In doing so, security can be eff ec vely injuries. On 19 May 2017, a man drove his car onto a incorporated without compromising other factors such pavement in New York’s Times Square, killing one per- as the func onality and aesthe cs of the building. son and injuring more than 20 others. On 10 Decem- ber 2016, a car bomb and a bomb carried by a suicide The main stages in SBD are the Preliminary Facility bomber exploded in Istanbul, Turkey, killing 48 people Design Development (PFDD), the Risk Assessment (RA) and injuring several others. and the development of a Final Security Protec on Plan (FSSP). Closer to home, a group of six militants were arrested after a plan to fire a rocket at Singapore’s Marina Bay For new buildings, the Security & Blast (S&B) Consultants Sands from Batam Island was foiled by the authorities will embark on the PFDD and the RA. At this stage, the (on 5 August 2016). If the attack was not uncovered S&B Consultants will do a site apprecia on, in order to and prevented, the consequences could have been develop a Preliminary Security Protec on Plan (PSPP) disastrous. and to share applicable good security design prac ces. The Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report, The S&B Consultants will then work on the Threat, released by Ministry of Home Aff airs (MHA) in June 2017, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (TVRA), to determine states that the terrorism threat remains the highest in the specifi ed protec on requirement. This process Singapore, in recent years. The poten al terror threat involves iden fying threats and cri cal assets and how has underscored the need for a more systema c way they may aff ect or impact the opera ons of the cri cal to protect key infrastructure. In response, the IPA was infrastructure, and determining how best to mi gate passed on 2 October 2017, as part of Singapore’s count- those threats, based on current capabili es and resource er-terrorism eff orts. requirements. A Blast Eff ect Analysis (BEA) study will be conducted to determine the eff ects of a blast event and highlight any vulnerabili es. THE INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION ACT The Infrastructure Protec on Act (IPA) is intended to Finally, a Structural Resilience Study (SRS) will be con- form a clear regulatory framework and comprehensive ducted to recommend any mi ga on measures required

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before pu ng up an FSSP, to achieve the necessary safeguards against iden fi ed threats.

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR BUILDING PROTECTION To fully protect a building from an explosion that occurs outside the building, a combina on of security mea- sures is necessary. Some of the common considera ons include se ng up an -ram vehicle barriers or bollards to increase standoff distances, hardening of structural components to withstand blast loadings, loca ng cri cal Figure 1: Bollards to create addi onal standoff . assets away from public areas to reduce their vulnerabili- ty and hardened protec on at openings that are exposed to blast threats.

Providing standoff distances Providing a standoff between the building and poten al loca ons for detona on of bombs is perhaps the most eff ec ve means of mi ga ng damage to the building. Where possible, this can be achieved via strategies such as bollards (Figure 1), barriers, landscaping etc.

Structural hardening In some cases, increasing standoff distances is insuffi - cient or such areas are not available to mi gate the blast Figure 2: Strengthening of structures with FRP composites. eff ects. It may be necessary to adopt designs to prevent progressive collapse of the en re building, as well as harden cri cal structural elements. Progressive collapse is defi ned as the spread of an ini al local failure, from element to element, eventually resul ng in the collapse of an en re building. The Oklahoma City bombing (April 1995) is a classic example that illustrates the importance of building designs to prevent progressive collapse. In that incident, most of the deaths resulted from the collapse of the building, rather than from the bomb blast itself. Besides preven ng progressive collapse, structural hardening is also crucial in protec ng the interior cri cal assets, to minimise disrup on to the opera on of essen- al services. Structural hardening measures could come in various forms. The straigh orward way is simply to increase the physical size of the structural components and/or the reinforcement details un l they are suffi ciently thick and can therefore resist the blast loads. The strength of structural components can also be increased by other means such as by using fi bre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites (Figure 2). Figure 3: Blast door, commonly installed to protect building openings. Protec on of openings Openings refer to locations in a building, that provide Conven onal mi ga on solu ons involve installing access for equipment and personnel, and which are blast-resistant doors (Figure 3). Blast-resistant doors are covered by doors, roller shutters or windows. When specialty doors, built of very thick and heavy steel plates an explosion occurs outside the building, these open- and sec ons, that cover such openings, in order to pro- ings become vulnerable points through which flying tect equipment and personnel within the building. The fragments can enter and cause injuries to occupants door and frame system is typically engineered to resist and damage to assets. specifi ed blast loadings.

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SUMMARY [2] Ministry of Home Aff airs (11 September 2017): ‘Infra- In summary, the IPA was passed in October 2017, as part structure Protec on Bill 2017’, Press Release. Retrieved from: h ps://www.mha.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/Pages/ of the na on’s counter-terrorism strategy to keep Singa- Infrastructure-Protec on-Bill-2017.aspx pore safe and secure. It means selected buildings would have to go through a vigorous SBD process to incorporate [3] Zaihan Mohamed Yusof (5 October 2017): ‘Industry wel- security measures, upfront. comes new law to protect buildings against a acks’, The Straits Times. Retrieved from: h p://www.straits mes.com/singa- This ar cle gives a fl avour of some common mi ga on pore/courts-crime/industry-welcomes-new-law-to-protect- measures to protect buildings from explosions. It in- buildings-against-a acks cludes crea ng standoff distances, hardening of structur- al components and protec on of vulnerable openings. [4] Ministry of Home Aff airs (2010): ‘Guidelines for Enhancing However, one should note that these common measures Building Security in Singapore’. may not be applicable for all scenarios, as threats and [5] Paul Forman et al (2009): ‘Vehicle-borne threats and the protec on criteria are unique to each building. principles of hos le vehicle mi ga on’, Blast eff ects on build- In many cases, it is o en necessary to combine several ings, 2nd Edi on. solu ons, to achieve full protec on. At mes, it would [6] Security Council Report (February 2017): ‘Counter-Terror- require the industry to innovate and off er new protec ve ism: Protec on of Cri cal Infrastructure’. Retrieved from:h p:// technologies that are more eff ec ve and economical. www.securitycouncilreport.org/monthly-forecast/2017-02/ counter- terrorism_protec on_of_cri cal_infrastructure.php REFERENCES [7] C K Ang et al (2016): ‘Design and tes ng of a crash bollard [1] Ministry of Home Aff airs (1 June 2017): ‘Singapore Terrorism system’, ‘The Singapore Engineer’, December 2016. Threat Assessment Report 2017’, Press Release. Retrieved from: (This is the fi rst of a series of three ar cles on the protec on of h ps://www.mha.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/Pages/Sin- cri cal infrastructure, authored by Prostruct, for publica on in gapore-Terrorism-Threat-Assessment-Report-2017.aspx ‘The Singapore Engineer’).

Preliminary programme for CIPRA 2018 announced The preliminary programme for the conference on Cri cal Infrastructure Protec on and Resilience Asia 2018 (CIPRA 2018), including Cri cal Informa on Infrastructure Protec on, has been announced. The event will be held at the Waterfront Hotel, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia from 17 to 19 July 2018. CIPRA 2018 is organised with Na onal Cyber Security Agency of Malaysia (NACSA) as Strategic Partner and in partnership with CyberSecurity Malaysia. A highlight of the conference is a one-day specialised training workshop on ‘Cyber Defense Strategies: Tools, Techniques, Response and Procedures’, hosted by CyberSecurity Malaysia. Confi rmed speakers include Ir. Md Shah Nuri Md Zain, Chief Execu ve, Na onal Cyber Security Agency (NACSA), Malaysia; Oliver Carlos G Odulio, VP, Head of Asset Protec on & Risk Management, PLDT Inc, Philippines; Dato Dr Chai Khin Chung, Director, State Security Unit, Sarawak, Malaysia; Dato’ Dr Haji Amirudin Bin Abdul Wahab, Chief Execu ve Offi cer, CyberSecurity Malaysia; Franz-Josef Schneiders, Head of Division, Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, Germany; Tim Norton, Global Market Director, Ports & Borders, Smiths Detec on, UK; Ian Yip, Chief Technology Offi cer, Asia Pacifi c, McAfee, Australia; J P Dunning, Principal Security Consultant, APAC Lead for Foundstone Services, McAfee, Australia; Nur Iylia Roslan, Researcher, Cybersecu- rity Malaysia; Ir. VR Harindran, Sr Custodian, I&C, Mechanical & Process Sec on, Group Technical Solu ons, PETRONAS; Kenneth Chen, Managing Director, ASEAN, Symantec Asia Pacifi c, Singapore; Elli Pagourtzi, Project Manager, Center for Security Studies (KEMEA), Hellenic Ministry of Interior, Greece; Henry Ee, Chairman for Asia Chapter, Business Con nuity Ins tute; Dato’ Dr Haji Amirudin Bin Abdul Wahab, Chief Execu ve Offi cer, CyberSecurity Malaysia; Katja Kiukas, Product Manager, Environics Oy, Finland; Norhamadi bin Ja’aff ar, Senior Execu ve, CyberSecurity Malaysia; Nur Iylia Roslan, Researcher, Cybersecurity Malaysia, as well as a Senior Rep- resenta ve from Sarawak Energy, and a Senior Representa ve from Malaysia Cyber Security Centre, Universi Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia. More informa on on CIPRA 2018 can be obtained from h p://www.cip-asia.com.

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INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKING OF SINGAPORE’S CONSTRUCTION WORKMANSHIP QUALITY STANDARDS by Prof Low Sui Pheng, Department of Building, School of Design & Environment, Na onal University of Singapore

An extensive interna onal workmanship quality benchmarking exercise was ini ated by the Building and Construc on Authority (BCA) in 2000, involving Sydney and Hong Kong. Based on BCA’s Construc on Quality Assessment System (CONQUAS), its aim is to compare Singapore’s workmanship quality vis-à-vis that of other major ci es. Since then, the study has covered London, Melbourne, Paris, Shanghai and Tokyo. The fi h exercise, which took place in Melbourne and London, concluded in 2017, with the author as an independent validator. The ar cle provides a descrip on of the study as well as an analysis of the results. Prof Low Sui Pheng

Introduc on • Compare architectural workmanship quality in residen- Following its introduc on in 1989, the Building and al buildings. Construc on Authority’s (BCA) Construc on Quality • Examine architectural workmanship standards and Assessment System (CONQUAS) has evolved to become prac ces adopted. the de facto na onal yards ck for evalua ng workman- • Iden fy areas (work methods, materials and processes) ship quality in buildings (Low and Ong, 2014). CONQUAS for improvement. was introduced at a me when the Singapore economy The study focused on high-end and mid-range residen al was being transformed from that of a developing na on markets, overseas, which have global appeal, and ex- to that of a developed na on, with growing aspira ons cluded projects in the mass market. Projects in the mass for a be er quality built environment. Issues rela ng to market were excluded because it is inherently diffi cult construc on workmanship quality standards have also to compare workmanship expecta ons of popula ons in become increasingly relevant, in recent years, as more diff erent countries, in such projects. In selec ng high-end Singaporeans invest in overseas proper es, in countries and mid-range projects for study, the respec ve contrac- such as Australia, Japan and the UK. Hence, it is useful tors had to have similar standing and reputa ons, within to benchmark Singapore’s construc on quality with their respec ve ci es, insofar as workmanship quality that in other countries, to learn about best prac ces for was concerned. The choice of projects was also depen- con nuous improvement in the local industry (Low and dent on their being completed at the me of the study Seet, 2011) as well as to provide some helpful guidance visit, as well as on the developers’ willingness to allow to Singaporean property investors. BCA to assess their projects. It is with this background that several interna onal High-end projects are generally located in prime residen- benchmarking exercises were conducted, to compare al loca ons and come with full condominium facili es Singapore’s workmanship quality vis-à-vis that of other and luxurious high-end fi nishes. The construc on cost major ci es, primarily in developed countries. The ci es of high-end projects is typically more than SGD 300 psf. include Hong Kong, London, Melbourne, Paris, Shanghai, On the other hand, mid-range projects, with full condo- Sydney and Tokyo. The interna onal benchmarking exer- minium facili es, are located typically in the suburban cise fi rst started in 2000, with Sydney and Hong Kong. areas. The construc on cost of such mid-range projects is The recently concluded fi h interna onal quality bench- between SGD 150 psf and SGD 300 psf. marking exercise was conducted by BCA, in London and Melbourne, between 2013 and 2017, with the author Benchmarking methodology present as an independent validator. The objec ves of The interna onal benchmarking study used the Sixth Edi- the interna onal benchmarking study are to: on of CONQUAS for measurement, in order to compute

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CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

the scores, based on the same defect level weightage. QUAS assessment team. For consistency, the two BCA as- Whenever possible, samples, represen ng about 15% to sessors for the Melbourne leg of the study also assessed 25% of the total units, were selected for measurement. the London project. The Melbourne benchmarking exercise took place in In March 2017, BCA made arrangements for the au- February 2016, where a high-rise residen al building thor to visit four residen al projects in Singapore to (Project M-B) was assessed by two BCA assessors, with inspect their workmanship quality standards, in order the author present as an independent validator. Another to compare them with those for projects that had been high-rise residen al building (Project M-A) was assessed assessed earlier in both Melbourne and London. The four earlier by the same two BCA assessors, in late-2015, with projects that were assessed in Singapore are: Project S-A the author, however, absent because of other commit- (high-end project), Project S-B (high-end project), Project ments. Nevertheless, during the February 2016 exercise, S-C (mid-range project) and Project S-D (mid-range the author took the opportunity to inspect Project M-A, project). to verify its status as a high-end residen al development Brief details of these projects are summarised in Table 1. project as well as to view the workmanship quality of its architectural fi nishes. The main exercise in February A complete CONQUAS assessment covers the three areas 2016 was to assess Project M-B, that was s ll under con- of architectural works, mechanical and electrical (M&E) struc on, when the CONQUAS assessment team made works, and structural works. The benchmarking exercises the visit. Project M-B is a mid-range residen al project. in Melbourne and London were concentrated primarily on architectural fi nishes. This approach was adopted, The London benchmarking exercise took place in Febru- given the immense logis cal hurdles faced in securing ary 2017. Project L-A, developed by a Singapore-based comparable residen al projects outside of Singapore for company, was assessed for this purpose. Project L-A is a assessment over a short me period. Assessing structural mid-range project. The residen al units assessed were works and/or M&E works would not only require a lon- nestled among ac ve, massive on-going construc on ger me-frame for comple on but would also raise safe- works, making safety concerns a priority for the CON- ty and regulatory issues for the CONQUAS assessment

Date of assessment City Project Descrip on Type and/or visit

Large scale residen al development adjoining River London Project L-A Mid-range February 2017* Thames for 3,385 homes when fully completed

One 30-storey block consis ng of 238 residen al Project M-A High-end December 2015+ units and 13 retail lots Melbourne One 47-storey block consis ng of 479 residen al Project M-B Mid-range February 2016* units

Project S-A 381 units within 11 blocks of 12-storey condominium High-end March 2017+

Project S-B 75 units within 2 blocks of 5-storey condominium High-end March 2017+

Singapore 702 units within 8 blocks of 14 to 18-storey condo- Project S-C Mid-range March 2017+ minium

748 units within 6 blocks of 3-storey townhouses and Project S-D Mid-range March 2017+ 23 blocks of 5-storey condominium

(*On-Going Construc on + Completed Projects) Table 1: Details Of Residen al Projects For Interna onal Quality Benchmarking.

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team from Singapore, in another country. In addi on, a also conducted with the site staff and consultants (Figure shorter visit just to assess architectural works would also 3), to be er understand local quality and cost issues encourage overseas developers and other stakehold- related to the project. ers to approve the site visits more readily, considering the inconvenience caused if the site visits were longer. Benchmarking results Given the greater exposure of architectural works to The CONQUAS scores from the selected Singapore the end-user, vis-à-vis structural works and M&E works, projects and average scores of projects completed in the the focus on architectural works is also merited for this same segment in Singapore for 2016 were analysed and reason. This is also in line with the current Ninth Edi on compared against those assessed for Melbourne and of CONQUAS (2017), where a higher weightage, of up to London. A comparison of the common defects found in 85%, is given to architectural works for private housing. Melbourne and London is shown in Table 2. In Singapore, In all the benchmarking exercises, the CONQUAS assess- presence of these common defects nega vely aff ects the ment for architectural works was distributed over all the workmanship quality assessment and thus the overall diff erent loca ons within an apartment unit, including CONQUAS score for the project. the kitchen (open concept), bedrooms, living room, The common defects found in Melbourne and London dining room, and toilets. The completed M&E fi ngs must, however, be viewed from the local workmanship component was also given a score. Apart from physical quality standards specifi ed in these ci es, which might inspec ons conducted, both within the apartment (Fig- be more or less stringent than those in Singapore. A ure 1) and outside the building (Figure 2), mee ngs were comparison of the workmanship quality standards in

Defect Melbourne London category Misalignment of Gaps on wood les fl ooring Uneven wall Patchiness on wall Squareness of Squareness of wall Wall wall not achieved not achieved Uneven led Poor join ng on Figure 1: Assessment inside the apartment. fl ooring skir ng Chipped fl oor le Crack on wall le Chip on door Damaged wardrobe Poor join ng: between diff erent Poor join ng and components, at gap at kitchen windows, and cabinet between kitchen Component cabinet and wall Damaged ward- Damaged kitchen robe cabinet door Damaged kitchen Scratch marks on Figure 2: Assessment of external walls. cabinet window frame Misalignment of Missing screws electrical fi ngs

Table 2: Common defects observed.

Singapore, Melbourne and London is shown in Table 3. To facilitate comparison of the standards adopted in the three ci es, only quan fi able tolerances were compared in Table 3. It appears that while certain specifi ca ons called for more stringent tolerances in Melbourne and London, the end results in Singapore were actually bet- ter. This might be due to the more conscien ous eff orts Figure 3: On-site discussions on quality management. put in by Singapore’s builders, because they know that

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 29 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

their works are subjected to CONQUAS assessment and the opinions of more demanding as well as outspoken home buyers in Singapore. The aggregated comparison across Singapore, Melbourne and London is shown in Figure 4. In the high-end seg- ment, Singapore’s workmanship quality standard was ranked the highest. Under- lining its consistency, Singapore also at- tained the same top ranking, when using the average scores of fi ve other high- end private housing projects completed in 2016. The results showed that for projects in the high-end segment, Sin- gapore’s CONQUAS score was 13 points higher than that for a similar high-end Figure 4: Comparisons between Singapore, Melbourne and London. project in Melbourne. In the mid-range segment, the workmanship quality standard of Singapore also a ained top ranking. Again, underlining its consis- tency, Singapore a ained the same top ranking, when using the average score of fi ve other mid-range private housing projects completed in 2016. The results showed that for projects in the mid- range segment, Singapore’s CONQUAS scores were 11.8 points and 14.4 points higher than those for similar mid-range projects in Melbourne and London, re- spec vely. The higher CONQUAS scores observed in Singapore were generally a ributed to the lower non-compliances observed in rela on to fl oors, internal walls, ceilings, doors, windows, compo- nents, and M&E fi ngs, most notably, in Figure 5: Internal fi nishes and M&E fi ngs in high-end projects for Singapore and Melbourne. high-end projects.

London Melbourne Melbourne Item Singapore (Mid-range) (Mid-range) (High-end)

Ver cality of wall < 6mm in 2m +/- 5mm < 4mm in 1.8m < 5mm in 1.8m

Evenness of fl oor & +/-3mm on 2m straight wall surface (Tile & < 3mm in 1.2m < 4mm in 2m < 4mm in 2m edge Stone installa on)

External angle - 4mm in 300mm Squareness of wall < 4mm in 300mm < 4mm in 1.8m < 5mm in 1.8m Internal angle - 5mm in 300mm Max. 5mm gap all round Consistent gaps Gap > 2mm or Door Installa on Gap < 8mm Max. plumb (visual inspec on) < 5mm < 3mm

Note: More stringent requirements in bold/italic

Table 3: Comparison of workmanship quality standards.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 30 April 2018 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The CONQUAS scores obtained from the assessments in Singapore was also ranked at the top, in the benchmark- Melbourne and London were ‘par al CONQUAS scores’ ing study. Singapore’s overall score of 90.6 was notably because these were derived from the architectural works 11.8 points and 14.4 points above that for Melbourne and M&E fi ngs component scores. It is postulated that and London, respec vely. these par al scores would be lower than the full CON- The breakdown of non-compliances observed in Singa- QUAS scores because the structural component scores, pore and Melbourne for high-end projects, categorised which are usually higher, had been excluded. Generally, by building element, is shown in Figure 5. This shows based on past experiences, a par al CONQUAS score of Singapore topping in the quality of architectural work- 76 points would approximately translate to a full score of manship compared to Melbourne. Singapore also has the 80 points. lowest percentages of non-compliance in all the seven In the high-end segment, Singapore was ranked higher, in building elements considered. par al CONQUAS scores, than Melbourne. The diff er- The breakdown of non-compliances observed in Singa- ence in scores between Singapore and Melbourne is a pore, Melbourne and London for mid-range projects, signifi cant 13 points, with Singapore obtaining an overall categorised by building element, is shown in Figure 6. score of 91.1. In the mid-range segment, Singapore has the lowest Singapore a ained the same top ranking, using the percentages of non-compliance in fi ve building elements average par al CONQUAS scores of fi ve other high-end considered, except those for ceilings and M&E fi ngs, private housing projects completed in 2016. Singapore’s which are marginally higher than those for Melbourne average par al CONQUAS score of 87.6 was 9.5 points and London. above that for Melbourne. Comparing the non-compliances for ceilings, in Singa- In the mid-range segment, the workmanship quality of pore, Melbourne and London, the percentage diff erence is only marginal - at between 2% and 7%. In terms of design and detailing, it was observed that the area cov- ered by wall les, in wet areas in Melbourne, does not extend to just below the ceiling. This serves to avoid problems in connec ng two diff erent materials and this helped to reduce non-compliances by 10%. In London, the joints between the ceiling and wall les were covered by silicone instead of grout. Hence, this not only yielded a smoother fi nish but also served to cover up imperfec ons like inconsistent gap widths. There were also more fi nishing defects like Figure 6: Internal fi nishes and M&E fi ngs in mid-range projects for Singapore, Melbourne and patchiness, lumps, brush strokes, etc, London. locally, compared to the fi nishing in Melbourne and London. The higher incidence of such defects in Singa- pore could be due to the lower skills of workers employed in the local construc on industry. The percentage diff erence in the non-compliance of M&E fi ngs, comparing Singapore, Melbourne and London, is a mere 0.1% to 3%. Defects rela ng to gaps/joints and misalignment of M&E fi ngs observed in Melbourne and London were similar to those observed in Sin- gapore, except that there was a lower incidence of such defects overseas. One plausible reason for this is the a rac ve remunera on for electri- Figure 7: Interna onal benchmarking results from 2000 to 2017 for high-end projects. cians and plumbers who are among

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 31 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

the highest paid tradesmen in Melbourne and London. The interna onal benchmarking exercises also revealed The a rac ve remunera on served to ensure be er fi n- some interes ng observa ons rela ng to cultural ishes compared to the output of their peers in Singapore, responses to workmanship quality in other ci es. For who operated within a low-wage environment. It appears example, non-uniformity in the colour tone of natural that fi rms overseas, off ering such services are more qual- stone les, as laid, does not seem to be a concern in ity conscious and are supported by higher skilled workers Melbourne. On the other hand, the UK has tradi onally delivering be er fi nishes. preferred using bricks for external walls, even though this may not be produc ve. On a posi ve note, the stake- Conclusion holders in both Melbourne and London were also keen to learn more about CONQUAS, with a view to enhancing The results of the interna onal benchmarking exer- their own workmanship quality standards. cise, conducted between 2000 and 2017, for high-end projects, are shown in Figure 7. The results suggest that To reiterate, there are also lessons that can be learned Singapore’s workmanship quality, based on equivalent from the interna onal benchmarking exercise, where average baselines and selected projects, has always been good prac ces are concerned. In London, for example, be er than those achieved by overseas ci es, except for the builder used precast concrete façade walls with Tokyo, in 2010. sandwiched elements including bricks, metal framework, glass and ven la on fi ngs. This appears to result in The key fi ndings from the more recent benchmarking ex- faster assembly on site and higher quality, as claimed by ercises in Melbourne and London include the following: the builder. The project in London also used high-gloss • Singapore’s workmanship quality for both high-end lacquer kitchen cabinet doors. This yielded more round- and mid-range residen al buildings is be er than that ed edges without sharp corners and no visible joints. for Melbourne and London. The results show that for With more game-changing technologies being used for projects in the high-end segment, Singapore’s CON- buildings, such as the use of precast concrete façade QUAS score was 13 points higher than that for the sim- walls in London and Melbourne, the assessment criteria ilar high-end project in Melbourne. The results also for workmanship quality would also need to evolve, to showed that for projects in the mid-range segment, keep in tandem with these developments. This is espe- Singapore’s CONQUAS scores were 11.8 points and cially so with the greater use of Prefabricated Bathroom 14.4 points higher than those for similar mid-range Units (PBUs), Prefabricated Prefi nished Volumetric Con- projects in Melbourne and London, respec vely. struc on (PPVC) and Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) etc, • Some of the materials used in the overseas projects an cipated in the near future. such as, for example, drywall and engineered wood In conclusion, CONQUAS has certainly come a long way, fl ooring, are also similarly used in Singapore. However, following its introduc on in 1989. Since then, numerous there appears to be more conscien ous eff orts taken countries have looked to CONQUAS as the basis for de- by Singapore developers in reducing defects, in order veloping their own assessment systems. Some of these to avoid complaints from demanding home owners. assessment systems include the Performance Assess- • There is also the likelihood that diff erent na onali es ment Scoring System (PASS) in Hong Kong, the Quality of home buyers have diff erent percep ons of work- Assessment System in Construc on (Qlassic) in Malaysia, manship quality defects. and the Construc on Quality Management Assessment System (CQMAS) in South Korea. The interna onal • Although the CONQUAS score for the project in London benchmarking fi ndings presented in this ar cle should be is lower than that for the corresponding project in Sin- of interest to these countries, so that they can similarly gapore, there are also good prac ces adopted in Lon- posi on their own systems vis-à-vis interna onal best don, that can be considered for adop on in Singapore. prac ces for workmanship quality assessment standards, These include the use of precast concrete facade walls an area in which BCA is uniquely leading the way. with sandwiched elements and the use of high-gloss lacquered kitchen cabinet doors. Acknowledgements To ensure that the benchmarking assessments were The assistance provided by Mr Tan Boon Kee, Mr Goh properly conducted, as the independent validator, the Thiam Lai and Mr Wong Chee Hong, from BCA, for the author had also, on separate and random occasions, interna onal benchmarking study, is gratefully acknowl- tested and sa sfactorily audited the veracity of the edged. recordings, by asking both the BCA assessors to confi rm where the specifi c defects were found within the resi- den al units. The author was able to verify that both BCA References assessors were able to detect defects which a layman Low S P and Ong J (2014): ‘Project Quality Management. with untrained eyes would normally not no ce. As an Cri cal success factors for buildings’, Springer. independent validator, the author was sa sfi ed that the Low S P and K Seet (2011): ‘Enhancing construc on qual- interna onal CONQUAS benchmarking exercises in Mel- ity through TQM’, The Singapore Engineer, The Ins tu on bourne and London were conducted in a very profession- of Engineers Singapore, April 2011, pp 16-22. al, thorough, consistent, careful and rigorous manner.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 32 April 2018

ENVIRONMENT & WATER ENGINEERING

CLEARING THE AIR by Charissa Tang and Tan Shengyang, Na onal Environment Agency To improve ambient air quality, ac on is underway to reduce diesel emissions and other vehicular pollu on

The use of diesel in transport has come under increasing These can lead to unfortunate health eff ects in an urban scru ny in recent years, as concerns about its impact on air environment. quality and health have grown, following several studies Governments around the world have iden fi ed diesel and news reports on the harmful eff ects of diesel emissions vehicles as a key source of poor urban air quality, and are and the high-profi le Volkswagen scandal of 2015. taking steps to curb its use as part of measures to tackle As a result, changes are needed to support air quality urban air pollu on. For example, the mayors of ci es improvements and to reduce emissions. like Paris, Mexico City, Madrid and Athens have recently announced that their ci es will ban the use of all diesel Fuel for concern vehicles by 2025. Other ci es, such as London, have im- posed Ultra- Low Emission Zones to limit diesel vehicles While governments around the world had previously in its city centre. touted the green benefi ts of diesel vehicles due to their higher fuel effi ciency, and consequen ally, the lower lev- els of carbon dioxide (CO2) they produce, governments The local fl eet have since U-turned following a report by the Inter- In Singapore, there is concern about the impacts of na onal Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which an- diesel vehicles on air quality. The Ministry of the Envi- nounced that diesel exhaust emissions are carcinogenic ronment and Water Resources (MEWR), together with to humans. the Na onal Environment Agency (NEA) embarked on a study on pollu on from diesel vehicles in Singapore. The Addi onally, diesel vehicles were found to be the key study found that while diesel vehicles make up only 20 contributor to poor air quality in many ci es, such as per cent of Singapore’s vehicle popula on, they account London and Paris, due to the high emission of par culate for 99 per cent of PM and 84 per cent of ozone stemming ma er (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Inhaled PM and from vehicular pollu on. NOx can cause severe health eff ects. In the short term, PM can cause decreased lung func on, respiratory symp- The study iden fi ed two vehicle groups of concern: com- toms and heart a acks, while in the long term, PM can mercial vehicles and buses, and diesel cars. Commercial cause chronic bronchi s, stroke and premature death. vehicles and buses comprise the majority of the diesel NOx can cause increased risk of respiratory infec on and vehicle popula on in Singapore. More than half of the impair lung func ons in asthma cs. commercial vehicle and bus popula on are of the older Pre-Euro/Euro I/II/III emissions standards, and are the According to the European Environment Agency, NOx largest contributors to pollu on. It was also found that pollu on is responsible for tens of thousands of early diesel cars were the fastest growing group of diesel vehi- deaths across Europe. In addi on, NOx also combines cles, increasing by three mes between 2013 and 2015. with hydrocarbons (HCs) to form ground-level ozone— a chief component of smog, which severely reduces air quality. A cleaner slate To reduce pollu on from diesel commercial vehicles and Interna onal ac on buses, and encourage the takeup of cleaner cars, NEA and the Land Transport Authority (LTA) have imple- Other recent studies by interna onal bodies and gov- mented the Early Turnover Scheme (ETS) and Vehicular ernments have discovered that, even before the recent Emissions Scheme (VES) respec vely. These schemes Volkswagen emissions scandal, on-road emissions of encourage individuals and companies to choose greener diesel vehicles—NOx from light vehicles in par cular— vehicle technologies, or cleaner diesel models where were signifi cantly higher than reported test results even alterna ves are not available. at higher Euro VI standards. Reports also indicate that diesel vehicles are less suited for urban driving condi- The Ministry of Finance (MOF) also announced in Febru- ons, as the start-stop condi ons of urban driving can ary 2017 the implementa on of a volumetric diesel duty. clog the diesel par culate fi lter, leading to higher main- This will hopefully shi the basis of taxa on on diesel tenance requirements. This is exacerbated by poor driver vehicles towards usage and be er encourage users to behaviour, which raises the emissions of diesel vehicles. reduce diesel emissions.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 34 April 2018 ENVIRONMENT & WATER ENGINEERING

In addi on, NEA introduced new regu- la ons on diesel fuel composi on on 1 January 2017. The stricter Euro VI emis- sion standards for new diesel vehicles also kicked in from 1 January 2018. All these measures, together with NEA’s enforcement against smokey vehicles and idling engines, will reduce diesel vehicular emissions.

Other ac ons against vehicular emissions Apart from policies against diesel emis- sions, NEA con nues to work towards reducing emissions from petrol vehicles. Petrol vehicles produce higher levels of carbon monoxide (CO) and CO2 than diesel vehicles. While Singapore’s ambient CO levels are within the WHO Air Quality Guidelines, further reduc ons in CO emis- sions would benefi t the environment and Photo: Fredrik Rubensson human health. Many ci es worldwide suff er from air pollu on from vehicular sources. NEA introduced new regula ons on the composi on of petrol fuel on 1 January 2017 and has mandated, since 1 September 2017, that new petrol Health eff ects of some common vehicles comply to Euro VI emission standards. vehicle-borne pollutants To reduce pollu on from exis ng vehicles, the CO limits PM2.5 PM2.5 can cause serious health eff ects at rela- have been lowered for newer petrol vehicles and mo- vely low concentra ons. Long-term exposure torcycles from 1 April 2018. In addi on, HC limits were to PM2.5 can cause decreased lung func on, also introduced for all in-use petrol vehicles and most the development of chronic bronchi s, stroke motorcycles. and premature death while short-term expo- It is an cipated the revised standards will result in sure can cause a range of eff ects, including emissions reduc ons of up to 55 per cent and 51 per decreased lung func on, increased respiratory cent for CO and HC respec vely for in-use petrol vehi- symptoms and heart a acks. cles and motorcycles. HC is a precursor to ozone, and PM10 PM10 can cause respiratory impairment and both CO and ozone are known to cause nausea, impair aggravate exis ng respiratory and cardiovas- vigilance and respiratory func ons. cular disease. Individuals with heart or lung disease, as well as the elderly and children, A new high idle test and lambda measurement will also are most sensi ve to the eff ects of PM10. be introduced for newer in-use petrol vehicles (exclud- ing motorcycles) to detect defec ve components, such NO2 Nitrogen dioxide increases the risk of respi- as sensors and catalysts, which could result in higher ratory infec on and impairs lung func ons in emissions. These test measures are in line with the asthma cs. latest interna onal standards and prac ces. CO Carbon monoxide deprives body ssues To help iden fy and raise awareness of cleaner vehicle of oxygen and causes nausea and impairs op ons, MEWR also commissioned a study on Cleaner vigilance. Alterna ve Technologies to Diesel for New Vehicles in Ozone Excessive ozone in the air can impair resp Singapore by the Singapore University of Technology ratory func ons. and Design. The study iden fi ed feasible green tech- nologies for most vehicle types that consumers and businesses can choose over diesel technologies. The adop on of green vehicle technologies and solu ons This ar cle previously appeared in Issue 12 of the Na onal would require fi nancial and infrastructural investments Environment Agency’s ENVISION Magazine. To read more which will be reviewed together with other agencies about these and other topics, please visit: h p://www.nea. and stakeholders in future. gov.sg/training-knowledge/publica ons/envision-magazine

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 35 MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

SINGAPORE ENTRY WINS FIRST PRIZE IN FERRY DESIGN COMPETITION

The innova on is in reducing costs whilst conforming to the highest safety standards.

SolarJet, designed by the Singapore Collabora ve Team, The design envisages the use of aluminium steel alloy for won the First Prize in the Fi h Design Compe on for a the construc on of the hull, in order to achieve maxi- Safe and Aff ordable Ferry, organised by the World Ferry mum stability, whilst minimising material assembly cost Safety Associa on (WFSA). as well as providing a strong and light-weight skeletal core. This increased stability would allow the ferry to The 2018 Design Compe on focused on designing operate ballast-free, as well as reduce maintenance fees a ferry carrying 300 passengers and crew, which can and lifecycle costs. traverse the highly congested Singapore Strait and access terminals in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The aerodynamic design of the ferry will reduce wind drag and resistance, allowing it to travel at faster speeds, The Singapore Collabora ve Team comprised represen- without consuming too much fuel. ta ves from three academic ins tu ons in Singapore - Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore Man- Also, LED lights will be used inside the ferries, further agement University (SMU) and Newcastle University in reducing energy consump on. Singapore. The team included Marcus Teo Tze Kang, from NTU, as captain; Jaylen Li, from SMU, and Ong Yong Kit, from NTU, as team members; and Dr Ivan Tam and Dr Arun Dev, both from Newcastle University in Singapore, as faculty advisors. The Singapore Mari me and Port Authority’s Mr Kevin Wong and the Safety Inspectorate team devised the specifi ca ons for the Singapore Strait ferry compe on. The Worldwide Ferry Safety Associ- a on is a not-for-profi t organisa on, dedicated to bringing innova on in training methods, as well as use of technology to provide no fi ca on for SolarJet is a tri-mono hull, modern, yet aff ordable ferry that u lises cu ng-edge technologies. sudden hazardous weather, curb over- loading, and enhance marine rescue technology.

Cost-compe ve design SolarJet is a tri-mono hull (mono hull below the waterline, but trimaran shaped at the waterline), modern, yet aff ordable ferry that u lises cut- ng-edge technologies. The hull selec on was made a er a feasibility study of the environment along the straits between Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia, where cur- rents are generally less aggressive. A hard chine hull form was selected, with the geometry of the structure sim- The Singapore Collabora ve Team comprised, seated, from le , Ong Yong Kit, NTU (Team Member); plifi ed, to enable the produc on of the Marcus Teo Tze Kang, NTU (Team Captain); and Jaylen Li, SMU (Team Member). Standing, from le , ferry in less sophis cated shipyards. are Faculty Advisors Dr Arun Dev and Dr Ivan Tam, both from Newcastle University in Singapore.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 36 April 2018 MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

Propulsion ferry, such that it can con nue opera ons even under Diesel is the fuel source, which is supplemented by solar adverse condi ons. power generated by a huge malleable screen on top of The design, construc on and ou i ng of the ferry will the vessel. The giant screen doubles as an augmented comply with the requirements of the Interna onal Con- reality screen showing man-made visuals when not ven on for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). These in- needed for solar power genera on. clude the provision of two-way radiotelephone systems, Medium-speed diesel engines will be used to reduce radar transponders, rocket parachute fl ares, two-way opera ng cost. emergency communica on systems, emergency alarm system, public address system, life jackets, life buoys and The triple waterjet engine arrangement for the propul- portable fi re ex nguishers. sion system helps to increase effi ciency and provide a wider opera ng power range, while also reducing noise Passenger-sea ng will be spread out evenly across the pollu on. ferry for increased stability. There will also be foldable chairs to make way for wheelchairs if there is a need for addi onal space. Adequate numbers of fi re-safety Naviga on equipment like hoses and ex nguishers, will be placed Naviga on is assisted by azipods, as well as by bow and all around the ferry, for easy access. Furthermore, areas stern thrusters. The azipods will help manoeuvrability, as with heavy machinery will be protected with an extra they are able to rotate 360°, and they also help to reduce layer of insula on, as an addi onal safety measure. fuel consump om. The bow and stern thrusters, on both sides of the ferry, will help the ferries dock more easily The life-jackets will be stored under each seat, while the and reduce the docking me needed. life buoys will be located on the side of the hulls. Also, the staircase follows a ‘two by two’ forma on, to enable Organic Light Emi ng Diode (OLED) screens in the speedy evacua on. There will also be smoke detectors wheelhouse will assist naviga on through visuals indicat- that will trigger fi re alarms, in case of such events. ing incoming ships and weather pa erns. This is made possible by modern sensors communica ng with one The ample spaces at both the front and the back of the another, as part of the Internet of Things (IoT). ferry can be used for marshalling purposes and to facil- itate faster evacua on. The installed PA systems can be used to guide the passengers. Safety features Owing to the loca on of key ports in the region, the The en re ferry will also have night lights as well as lights straits between Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia are that line the walkways to aid passengers walking back busy areas, with a high density of boats, which emphasis- to their seats at night. The OLED screen at the wheel- es the importance of safety in the design of the ferry. house can also generate an SOS signal, if needed. Further adjustments can be done on the OLED screen to incorpo- The Singapore Collabora ve Team have designed the rate night vision.

Length (m) 36 Mass of Fuel (tonnes) 15

Beam (m) 9 Deadweight (tonnes) 56.15

Max Draught/ Dra (m) 2 Lightweight (tonnes) 323.85

Min Draught/Dra (m) 1.79 Passengers 300

Total Height (m) 8Crew 20

Speed (knots) 30 Number of Engines 3

Block Coeffi cient 0.57 Power output of each Engine (kW) 720

Displacement (tonnes) 380 Number of waterjets 3

Mass of passengers and crew (tonnes) 20 Mass of hand carried and checked-in luggage (tonnes) 10

Mass of wheelchairs, strollers and bicycles (tonnes) 1.15

Stores (tonnes) 10

Specifi ca ons for the ferry

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 37 MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

There will be four doors, two on each side of the ferry, to allow for docking on either side. There will be two gangways to facilitate the embarka on and disembarka on of all passengers, and for their quick evacua on in emergencies. The malleable screen at the top will double up as a solar panel and as an augmented reality screen to heighten customer experience.

The ferry will have sliding windows. In the open posi on, they will provide ven la on, while in the closed posi on, they will provide protec on to the vessel, under stormy weather condi ons. Passengers can go to the bow of the boat to enjoy the views. Doors on both sides of the ferry, will permit easy access.

Specially designed power-saving light orbs will ensure that light is distributed well throughout the cabin. The viewing gallery at the back will also allow good views. The three, low-noise, waterjet engines will be placed at the back to propel the boat forward.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 38 April 2018

MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

CYBER SECURITY HAS BECOME A HOT TOPIC

by Ms Elisa Cassi, Product Manager - Cyber Security, Marine & Off shore, Lloyd’s Register As we have seen over the past year, the marine and energy industries are far from being immune to cyber-a acks and security breaches, Ms Elisa Cassi and the consequences can be far-reaching.

One of the key challenges associated with increased loss or penalties, loss of customer and/or industry automation and digitalisation is the vulnerability to confidence, reputational damage, and even litigation. cyber-attack, and as industries continue to invest in Cyber security however, is not just about preventing digital systems, the risk will only increase. hackers gaining access to systems and information that can potentially result in loss of confidentiality Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and/or control. It is also about addressing the mainte- is revolutionising shipping and offshore energy, nance of integrity and availability of information and bringing with it a new era - the ‘cyber-enabled’ ship. systems, ensuring business continuity and the continu- Today’s leading manufacturers and ship operators ing utility of digital assets and systems. want to innovate, using the latest ICT systems, going beyond traditional engineering to create ships with Cyber systems transform a ship into a total system enhanced monitoring, communication and connection of interlinked systems (a system of systems). While capabilities - ships that can be accessed by remote cyber systems are not exact substitutes for traditional onshore services, anytime and anywhere. The rapid electro-mechanical systems on board ships and their evolution in the use of, and reliance upon, digital and operators, they provide opportunities to combine communication technologies, as well as the advances these traditional components with more complex in automation and the potential for integration of mul- behaviour. When designed properly, the use of ICT tiple electronic systems, increase the importance of can increase efficiency and safety through improved addressing inherent vulnerabilities. monitoring and communication, and greater situation- al awareness on the bridge, in the engine room and Ships are becoming increasingly complex and depen- in other operational areas. Specifically, cyber systems dent on the use of digital and communication tech- impact ships by interconnecting systems through com- nologies. In line with increased connectivity comes puter networks; integrating systems; creating layers of a new need to implement secure technology and embedded and/or application software that separate processes to mitigate threats to operational technolo- the operator and the ship; changing the role of the op- gy (OT). IT and OT used to be separated by numerous erator to a manager of many linked, complex systems; human-centred processes, allowing for an incremental shifting the operator’s perception of the ship and approach to cyber IT security. As the boundaries of its environment, to one defined by human-machine autonomous systems extend, these ‘fire walls’ are dis- interfaces; enhancing the ability and efficiency of the appearing and cyber security must be considered with crew, or changing the organisation of work, through the utmost importance as a fundamental component automation; and creating the potential to remotely in the risk profile of critical assets that are connected. monitor and change the operation of the ship using a Compromise of a ship’s systems may lead to various wide range of data, from anywhere in the world. unwanted and harmful outcomes at an individual ship or fleet level, for example, physical harm to the Ship-based cyber systems include navigation systems, system or shipboard personnel or cargo - the worst including electronic charts, global positioning sys- case scenario being risk to life and/or loss of the ship; tems (GPS), and dynamic positioning systems (DPS); disruptions caused by the ship no longer functioning radar and automatic identification systems (AIS); or sailing as intended; loss of sensitive information, communications systems, including radio communica- including commercially sensitive or personal data; and tions (terrestrial and satellite), data communications permitting criminal activity, including kidnap, piracy, [broadband, Voice over IP (VOIP), internet access and fraud, theft of cargo and imposition of ransomware. e-mail]; integrated bridge systems; control systems Poor security could also lead to potential financial for the wide range of electro-mechanical systems on

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 40 April 2018 MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

board ships, such as main engine, generators, ballast shore, how they are designed and installed, how they tanks, life support, fuel and oil pumps, water- ght connect and how they will be managed. This is the doors, fi re alarms and controls, cargo hold fans and approach that Lloyd’s Register (LR) takes, applying a environmental controls; as well as equipment used non-prescrip ve, risk-based process from the earliest by charterers, such as survey equipment (sonar and concept stage, through on-board integra on, to opera- seismic survey systems, for example), wireless access on. The approach is based on extensive experience of points, IP ports and wireless phones. system design and installa on on board ships and other marine pla orms. ICT systems have the poten al to en- Because a cyber-enabled ship consists of mul ple, in- hance safety, reliability and business performance, but terconnected systems, and because of the rapid pace of there are numerous risks that need to be iden fi ed, un- technology development, assuring that a cyber-enabled derstood and mi gated to make sure that technologies ship will be safe cannot be prescrip ve, and cannot rely are safely integrated into ship design and opera ons. on knowledge gained from previous systems. Instead, it requires a ‘total systems’ approach - one that takes In February 2016, LR issued the fi rst guidance on cy- account of all the diff erent systems on board and on ber-enabled ships - ‘Deploying Information and Com-

The marine & off shore industry is moving towards the crea on and deployment of vessels with enhanced monitoring, communica on and connec on capabili es, and which can be accessed by remote onshore services, any me and anywhere.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 41 MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

munications Technology in Shipping - Lloyd’s Register’s the newly released Type Approval Requirements for Approach to Assurance’. This identified the elements components within ‘Cyber Enabled Systems on board that constitute a cyber-enabled ship and the activities Ships - Procedure for Network and Network-relat- that need to take place to ensure that cyber technol- ed devices’. Providing all the benefits of traditional ogy does not introduce a safety risk - effectively pro- type approval, reassurance on supply chain quality viding the industry with a route map to understanding and robustness within the marine environment, the the implications of digital technology. LR identified new procedure also incorporates consideration of six key areas of risk that need to be considered and the functioning of a cyber-enabled system, including addressed, in order to assure the safety and depend- aspects such as cyber security. ability of cyber systems - the system, the human-sys- In addi on, a Cyber Secure programme has been de- tem, software, network and communications, data veloped, that consists of a set of consultancy services assurance, and cyber security. designed to help ship operators understand how cyber Cyber security is a through-life issue that requires con- secure they are now and what level of security they sideration, from project inception to asset disposal. In want to achieve in future. Across the industry, there is addition to its impact on system development, special s ll huge varia on in levels of awareness of and pre- consideration must be given to the education of all paredness for the increasing role of cyber technologies related staff and associated organisational culture. and exposure to cyber security risks. Understanding Incident response planning and the maintenance of an the level of cyber readiness is the essen al fi rst step asset’s security status through timely, carefully-tested to iden fying, mi ga ng and managing the risk. LR patching also need to be considered throughout an conducts readiness reviews to quan fy exis ng cyber asset’s lifecycle. Cultural Risk Factors, specific to the capabili es and help develop strategies to maximise the maritime industry, need to also be considered and benefi ts, whilst minimising the risks. Taking a ‘whole re-visited. These factors include low awareness of asset’ approach and looking at all the connected equip- maritime cyber security, complexity of the maritime ment, systems and so ware, both individually and in ICT environment, fragmented maritime governance terms of their interac ons with, and poten al impact context, inadequate consideration of cyber security on, each other, LR can undertake a detailed technical in maritime regulation, lack of a holistic approach to assessment of the en re asset, iden fying theore cal maritime cyber risks, overall lack of direct economic cyber threats and vulnerabili es, and carry out prac cal incentives to implement good cyber security in the interven ons, such as penetra on tes ng and ethical maritime sector, and slow regulatory change. hacking, to ascertain the real, prac cal risks. This com- By addressing the risks and building a safe and secure bined desk-based and prac cal work approach provides foundation, LR is helping ship operators to identify a robust, objec ve and fully quan fi able basis for and then realise the benefits that are possible through developing a cyber security strategy. LR can also review digitalisation, as well as helping them prepare for the levels of cyber security readiness within offi ces, forthcoming regulation. LR’s approach has already and iden fy awareness and technical training needs. been applied to projects, working with leading indus- This assessment also allows for the iden fi ca on of the try players to make autonomous shipping a reality. LR residual risks - those that cannot be reduced or avoided worked with Rolls-Royce and Svitzer on the world’s currently, and must therefore be understood, accepted first remotely controlled commercial vessel, and with or insured against. CSSC on China’s first smart ship, ‘Great Intelligence’. The cyber security landscape is a constantly changing LR has created cyber security requirements, as part one, as new threats and countermeasures emerge, so of its guidance and procedure for cyber-enabled even with the best cyber security strategy in place, at ships. The recently revised ‘Cyber-enabled ships: some point you may suffer a breach. It is important to ShipRight procedure - autonomous ships’, which have in place robust incident response plans that can details LR’s framework for accepting cyber technolo- be deployed quickly and effectively. And it is vital that gy and was the industry’s first ShipRight procedure, staff know what to do in the early stages of a cyber now includes a Cyber SECURE descriptive note. This security threat. In fact, the greatest security vulner- helps to raise the awareness of cyber security and abilities come from people. Ninety percent of cyber recognises that cyber security has been assessed, in security incidents can be traced back to human error the context of design and build, and that an appro- or intent. Good security outcomes are therefore un- priate cyber security governance system is in place to derpinned by positive security behaviours, so training mitigate the risk of introducing vulnerabilities to cy- is vital to increase the overall awareness of cyber risks ber-attack, or other unauthorised access, during the and ensure that the appropriate behaviours, aware- design, procurement, construction and installation of ness, attitudes and technical skills are embedded the cyber-enabled systems. This is complemented by within a business.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 42 April 2018 MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

DANFOSS OPENS APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT CENTRE IN SINGAPORE The company’s range of technologies will help customers achieve energy effi ciency.

Danfoss, a key regional player in the energy effi ciency space, recently unveiled its new offi ce in Singapore and its latest Marine & Off shore Applica on Development Center (ADC). The new Singapore Offi ce and ADC is an important milestone for Danfoss, as it increases its visibility in the Asia Pacifi c re- gion where it has been ac ve, since 1983, and where it currently has 14 offi ces and facili es. “Our Marine Applica on Development Center will help increase innova on close to and with customers at system level, for the marine & off shore industry, to be er Performing the ribbon-cu ng to offi cially open the new Danfos offi ce and the Singapore manage climate challenges in the indus- ADC are, from le , Mr Allan Jensen, Head of Asia Pacifi c Region, Danfoss Global Services; Her Excellency Mrs Dorte Bech Vizard, Danish Ambassador to Singapore; Mr Soren Kvorning, try”, said Mr Soren Kvorning, President, President, Danfoss Asia Pacifi c; and Mr Vikas Anand, Regional Head, Danfoss Asia Pacifi c. Danfoss Asia Pacifi c. The company has an array of technologies, including hybrid power solu ons, that will • Integra on & system performance tes ng, on behalf of help to ensure effi cient shipping opera ons. customers who bring their own equipment to the ADC, With the new ADC, Danfoss is be er posi oned to such as motors, PLCs, sensors, ba ery systems etc. inves gate, test, and demonstrate applica ons that can The Singapore ADC is equipped to perform tests on var- help designers as well as decision-makers, to learn and ious customer applica ons as well as func onal tests on develop new applica ons and digital opportuni es, going new applica ons, redundant solu ons, energy storage, beyond Singapore and into the region. grid converters and marine applica ons. The ADC is also specialised in se ng up tests for integrated solu ons. Singapore ADC With the opening of the new Applica on Development Danfoss technology and solu ons Center (ADC) in Singapore, Danfoss has added a fi h ADC Danfoss develops technology and solu ons that help to its worldwide por olio. The other applica on centres to lower emissions and improve people’s health and are in Tallahassee, Florida, USA; Nordborg, Denmark; comfort, in both indoor and outdoor environments, by Oragadam, India; and Haiyan, China. op mising HVAC systems. The ADC in Singapore will focus more on the marine & Since 1968, variable speed drives have been the focus off shore sector, for the benefi t of the company’s cus- and core business of Danfoss. The merger of Danfoss and tomers, in the areas of training, product & applica on VACON, in 2014, has created one of the largest compa- tes ng, and new solu ons development. The centre is nies in the drives industry. equipped with tes ng units and demo units of VACON NXP Common DC Bus with an ac ve front-end. There are three en es opera ng independently under Danfoss. Danfoss Solar develops and produces solar invert- Key ac vi es at the centre will include: ers for SMA Solar Technology AG. Danfoss Silicon Power de- • Demonstra ng industry-leading applica on system velops, produces and sells power modules to a wide range solu ons. of industries. Holip serves the Chinese market. • Tes ng units under load condi ons. Danfoss is also a pioneer in hydrosta c transmission, as • Tes ng of drives and power conversion products, com- well as in the produc on of orbital motors and steer- ponents and applica ons. ing units. The company is also said to have introduced • Exploring new system approaches with exis ng prod- load-sensing propor onal valves with electronic controls. uct mixes. Today, seamless integra on of electronics and hydraulics • Accelera ng learning of new product & system solu ons. is key to the company’s business.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 43 IES UPDATE

PLACING TECHNOLOGY AT THE CORE OF WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH CULTURE IN SINGAPORE

The Technology Enhanced Workplace Safety and Health Seminar speakers included Professor Chen I-Ming, NTU, (WSH) Management Seminar welcomed about 120 on “Innova ons in Construc on Service Robo cs”; Mr par cipants to Holiday Inn @ Orchard City Centre on 23 Wilson Cho, FM One Management Pte Ltd, on “Adop ng March 2018, in view of the emphasis on technology to Technologies for Integrated Workplace Safety Manage- realise Singapore’s WSH2028 goals. ment in the Built Environment”; Dr Goh Yang Miang, NUS, on “Developing Safety Leading Indicators for Organised by the IES Health and Safety Engineering Construc on Sites: A Machine Learning Approach”; Mr Technical Commi ee, the seminar featured experts who Marken Ang, Changi Airport Group, on “Managing Safety have embraced technologies to eliminate hazards and in Changi Airport Through the Use of Technology”; Mr minimise risks across diff erent industries in Singapore. Rudy Schalk, Rolls-Royce, on “Using Technology to Accel- It exposed engineers and WSH professionals to the latest erate Our Journey to Zero Harm”; Mr Richard Koh, Mic- innova ve technologies, best prac ces and success cases roso Singapore, on “Amplifying Human Ingenuity with to strengthen WSH competency and build collec ve own- Intelligent Technology – to create a safer workplace”; and ership towards Singapore’s ‘Vision Zero’ movement. lastly, a group presenta on by Mr Jeff rey Wijaja Lowardi, Ms Abinaya Seenivasan, Ms Khairrunisa Bte Yahya and The event was organised to encourage pervasive use of Mr Le Trung Hieu from NUS on “Using Computer Vision technology, iden fi ed to be pivotal in achieving Singa- to Improve Construc on Safety – A Case Study”. pore’s WSH2028 goal of reducing the na onal workplace fatality rate from 1.2 per 100,000 employed persons in 2017 to less than one per 100,000 employed workers before 2028. President of IES, Er. Edwin Khew, said, “In the next ten years, technology will con nue to play a prominent role in reducing human errors that cause workplace acci- dents. As many new technologies con nue to emerge to support WSH management, IES has organised this seminar to drive greater adop on of technological inno- va ons to promote the health and safety of employees at all levels in their organisa ons.” The seminar a racted about 120 par cipants.

Mr Richard Koh, Chief Technology Offi cer, Microso Singapore, fi elds a ques on from the audience.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 44 April 2018

IES UPDATE

LAUNCH OF ENGINEERING FEATS COFFEE TABLE BOOK

On 7 April 2018, IES launched Engineering a First World – the profession and recognise these engineers’ eff orts in 50 Feats that Transformed Singapore, a book recoun ng Singapore’s na on-building,” remarked IES President Er. fi rst-person stories of engineers behind Singapore’s 50 Khew at the book’s launch. greatest engineering feats. IES has begun distribu ng the book to all schools, ins tu- Mr Heng Chee How, Senior Minister of State, Prime Minis- ons of higher learning and public libraries. ter’s Offi ce and Deputy Secretary-General, Na onal Trades Engineering Feats @ IES-SG50 was a na onwide com- Union Congress, graced the event held at the Na onal pe on organised by IES and launched by Deputy Prime Library Building. Minister Teo Chee Hean in celebra on of Singapore’s The 240-page book off ers exclusive behind-the-scene 50th anniversary in 2015. The top 50 winners emerged looks into the many challenges that had confronted from 113 shortlisted entries to receive awards from PM engineers behind the winning projects of the Engineering Lee at the IES Golden Jubilee Dinner in July 2016. Feats @ IES-SG50 compe on. The book is avail- It presents inspira onal journeys of these unsung heroes able at S$48 from whose work were chosen by the public to have made the IES. Payment can greatest economic, infrastructural or societal impact to also be made via Singapore from 1965 to 2015. AXS machine, with the remark “50 These stories are covered under seven main sec ons: Feats Book Pur- Building Our Country, Moving Our People, Defending Our chase” – collec on Na on, Greening Our Island, Enhancing Our Lives, Trans- of the book can be forming Our Industries and Globalising Our Ci es. made with valid “We need good engineers to maintain and upgrade our proof of purchase infrastructure to meet the changing needs of our age- at IES and IES Acad- ing popula on, and to keep on developing innova ve emy during offi ce solu ons to our resource constraints. I hope this book will hours. inspire our next genera on of engineers to meet future Members who are challenges, and take the profession to new heights,” said interested in this Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong in the book’s foreword. book may call “Through the book, IES aims to provide insights into the 6461 1246 or 6460 personal journeys of engineers whose work has trans- 4244 for further Engineering a First World: 50 Feats that formed Singapore into a fi rst world economy and given enquiries. Transformed Singapore is available from IES at $48 a copy. our people a high quality of life. We hope to ins l pride in

Er. Edwin Khew, IES President (fi rst row, 7th from le ) and Mr Heng Chee How, Senior Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Offi ce (8th from le ), together with representa ves from the project owners who also sponsored the book. Mr Mervyn Sirisena, IES Vice President (Educa on Group) (11th from le ) chaired the book’s editorial commi ee.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 46 April 2018 IES UPDATE

ADDRESSING CYBER THREATS AND RISKS WHILE EMBRACING EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

The IES Women in Science, Engineering and Research The Cybersecurity Bill, passed in February 2018, Commi ee (WiSER) organised a cybersecurity talk on 8 mandates the owners of cri cal informa on structure to February 2018, tled “Addressing Cyber Threats & Risks comply with codes of prac ce and standards of perfor- While Embracing Emerging Technologies”. mance, among other measures. It also gives the author- i es powers to inves gate and prevent cybersecurity As Singapore con nually takes strides towards the ful- incidents. fi llment of her Smart Na on vision, it is inevitable that advanced technologies will become more prevalent in This is an important fi rst step towards strengthening society, changing the way we interact with each other Singapore’s collec ve defences in the digital age, and and the environment around us. something that we all will have to keep in mind constant- ly while embracing the benefi ts that digitalisa on has For example, ar fi cial intelligence-enhanced automa on brought us. will play a key role in manufacturing, while cashless pay- ment technology will reduce the need for onerous transac ons with physical notes and coins. These, however, can and will be exploited by those with malicious intent for their personal gain The WiSER Committee felt that it was an opportune time to engage with and inform members about the precautions to take and to address the various threats and risks that come along with these emerging technologies. Two industry veterans were invited to speak at the talk: Ms Jaclyn Yeo, Senior Research Analyst, Asia Pacifi c Risk Center, Marsh & McLennan Companies; and Mr John Lim, Lecturer, Diploma in Cyber Security and Forensics, Nanyang Polytechnic. They noted that the hospitality industry WiSER Commi ee Chairperson, Ms Jasmine Foo, addresses the par cipants. was one of the most vulnerable to cyber-at- tacks, due to the large volume of personal and fi nancial data that they handle on a daily basis, and the commonplace use of third-party so ware and other peripherals, which are poten al vulnerabili es hackers can exploit. Also, the lack of investment in cyber protec- on in Asia renders the region at greater risk as compared to America. With the increasing use of social engi- neering to fi sh for informa on and launch cyber-a acks, the current situa on means that IT security is no longer the premise of a select few highly trained professionals. Rank and fi le employees also need to be educated and empowered to cope with the new playing fi eld, to recognise incoming a acks and be able to take measures to Ms Yeo examining cyber-a ack risk factors with par cipants during the talk. protect themselves and their systems.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 47 IES UPDATE

IES MOVIE NIGHT: MARVEL STUDIOS’ BLACK PANTHER

IES held its second Movie Night on 21 February 2018 and it was a great success! This me, we managed to snag ckets to Marvel Studio’s Black Panther, the movie which introduced in greater detail its eponymous hero and put in place the fi nal bits of informa on before the ensemble Infi nity War two-parter. It was well-received, with all available ckets snapped up within two weeks of announcement. Each member was en tled to purchase 4 ckets at half price. Through ac vi es such as this, we hope to enable mem- bers to engage with their family and friends in a holis c manner. A er the inaugural Move Night, many members conveyed that they enjoyed themselves very much and wished for us to arrange more such ac vi es. Of course, IES is more than a social space for engineers. Ge ng ready for the journey to Wakanda. During his welcome address, IES President Er. Khew stressed that the Ins tu on’s core purpose is to develop our members professionally. He encouraged eligible members to apply for IES Char- tered Engineer cer fi ca on as a valida on of their com- petence and recogni on of the deep exper se a ained over the course of their careers. This Movie Night was made possible by the sponsorship from Mr Yeo Wee Khin of IPP Financial Advisers. Mr Yeo is a regular fi gure around IES, having supported various other Members’ Nights by sharing his knowledge on the economy and investment, will wri ng, and home loans. We defi nitely hope to to give members opportuni es to learn and grow with IES, so all feedback is welcome! You may write, call, or speak to us candidly about your ideas and concerns. See you around! Mr Yeo Wee Khin and Er. Edwin Khew

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THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 48 April 2018