Ronja Inferno Libor −Těpán Bakalářka Final

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Ronja Inferno Libor −Těpán Bakalářka Final Bezdrátový optický spoj pro LAN Ethernet Libor Štpán Bakaláská práce 2006 ABSTRAKT Bakaláská práce se zabývá popisem funkce a výroby kompletního PtoP (Point to Point) bezdrátového optického spoje pracujícím v infra spektru pro pímé pipojení do LAN (Local Area Network) Ethernet. Podrobn popisuje funkci všech ástí, elektrických zapojení a zjednodušený náhled mechanického uložení. ABSTRACT My thesis deals with description of function of all parts and building complete Point to Point infra optical wireless data link for direct connection with LAN Ethernet. It describes function of all parts, electric circuits and mechanics. Dkuji Ing. Miroslavu Matýskovi, Ph.D. za vedení mé diplomové práce. V neposlední ad chci podkovat také panu Radku Valovi za krátkou, ale velmi úinnou konstrukní spolupráci. Souhlasím s tím, že s výsledky mé práce mže být naloženo podle uvážení vedou- cího bakaláské práce, editele ústavu a institutu. V pípad publikace budu uveden jako spoluautor. Prohlašuji, že jsem na celé bakaláské práci pracoval samostatn a použitou litera- turu jsem citoval. Ve Zlín, 12. 06. 2006 ............................................. podpis OBSAH ÚVOD....................................................................................................................................8 I TEORETICKÁ ÁST ...............................................................................................9 1 SVTELNÉ OPTICKÉ PENOSY .......................................................................10 1.1 IRDA (INFRARED DATA ASSOCIATION) ................................................................10 1.1.1 Standardy......................................................................................................10 1.1.2 Vlastnosti IrDa .............................................................................................10 1.1.3 Komunikace .................................................................................................11 1.2 PÍSTUP PES PROSTOROVOU OPTIKU – FSO........................................................11 1.2.1 Bezpenost provozu a penosu dat...............................................................11 1.2.2 Konfigurace bezdrátových optických sítí ....................................................12 1.3 RONJA ..................................................................................................................15 II PRAKTICKÁ ÁST................................................................................................16 2 RONJA INFERNO...................................................................................................17 2.1 ZÁKLADNÍ INFORMACE.........................................................................................17 2.1.1 Blokové schéma ...........................................................................................18 2.2 POPIS ZAÍZENÍ ....................................................................................................19 2.2.1 INTERFACE (Ronja Twister) .....................................................................19 2.2.1.1 Napájecí obvody ..................................................................................20 2.2.1.2 1 MHz ochranný signál........................................................................20 2.2.1.3 Vysílací sekce ......................................................................................21 2.2.1.4 Pijímací sekce.....................................................................................21 2.2.1.5 Vlastní provedení interfacu..................................................................22 2.2.2 VYSÍLA ....................................................................................................24 2.2.2.1 Napájecí obvody ..................................................................................24 2.2.2.2 Zpracování signálu...............................................................................24 2.2.2.3 Vysílací souástka ...............................................................................24 2.2.2.4 Vlastní provedení vysílae...................................................................25 2.2.3 PIJÍMA (Ronja Inferno Receiver) ..........................................................26 2.2.3.1 Napájecí obvody ..................................................................................26 2.2.3.2 Pijímací sekce.....................................................................................26 2.2.3.3 Úprava signálu .....................................................................................26 2.2.3.4 Vlastní provedení pijímae.................................................................27 2.3 ELEKTRICKÁ SCHÉMATA JEDNOTLIVÝCH MODUL ...............................................28 2.3.1 Elektrické schéma vysílae ..........................................................................28 2.3.2 Elektrické schéma pijímae ........................................................................29 2.3.3 Elektrické schéma Interfacu.........................................................................30 2.4 ROZPIS POUŽITÝCH SOUÁSTEK ...........................................................................31 2.5 MECHANICKÉ PROVEDENÍ KOMPLETNÍHO SPOJE ...................................................31 2.6 TESTOVÁNÍ RONJI INFERNO..................................................................................32 ZÁVR................................................................................................................................33 SEZNAM POUŽITÉ LITERATURY..............................................................................34 SEZNAM POUŽITÝCH SYMBOL A ZKRATEK .....................................................35 SEZNAM OBRÁZK .......................................................................................................38 SEZNAM PÍLOH............................................................................................................39 UTB ve Zlín, Fakulta aplikované informatiky 8 ÚVOD Rychlý rozvoj bezdrátových, radiových, telekomunikaních technologií v poslední dob je velmi píznivý, co se týká cen koncových zaízení. Dnes již není prakticky pro nikoho problém vytvoit si svou vlastní domácí bezdrátovou sí, pípadn rozsáhlejší infra- strukturu v blízkém okolí. Na druhou stranu práv díky takovému rozšíení, se stalo volné frekvenní pásmo 2,4GHz podléhající všeobecnému oprávnní . VO-R/12/08.2005-34 k využívání radiových kmitot a k provozování zaízení pro širokopásmový penos dat na principu rozprosteného spektra nebo OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple- xing) v pásmech 2,4GHz a 5GHz na mnoha hustji osídlených místech naší republiky ne- použitelným. Je jen otázkou asu, kdy zaízení pro pásmo 5GHz, uvolnné v srpnu 2005, budou stejn masov rozšíená jako ta stávající pro 2,4GHz. [1] Optická bezdrátová zaízení nevyužívají pro svou funkci radiové vlny, jsou spoleh- livá a pes svou relativn pomalou penosovou rychlost 10Mbit/s (týká se neprofesionál- ních domácích výrobk, jakým je nap. projekt Ronja [2]) se vyznaují velmi malou latencí(zpoždní), podobn jako kabelové spoje. Nevýhodou jsou kratší dosažitelné vzdá- lenosti a náchylnost na nepíznivé poasí. Mlha i husté snžení jsou zkrátka mechanic- kými pekážkami se kterými si svtlo neporadí. Pi použití na krátké vzdálenosti však pe- stávají být tyto aspekty problémem a lze tak naplno využít všech výhod tohoto levného bezdrátového pojítka. Práv proto byla Ronja Inferno nejvhodnjším kandidátem na spln- ní požadavk a to pekonání vzdálenosti 200 m v zarušeném prostedí, kde není možné provést položení kabeláže s drazem na minimální latenci pi vytížení spoje. UTB ve Zlín, Fakulta aplikované informatiky 9 I. TEORETICKÁ ÁST UTB ve Zlín, Fakulta aplikované informatiky 10 1 SVTELNÉ OPTICKÉ PENOSY 1.1 IrDa (Infrared Data Association) IrDA je zkratka pro datovou komunikaci mezi zaízeními prostednictvím infra- erveného záení, tedy vzduchem, bezdrátov mezi dvma matnými idly na vzdálenost pár desítek centimetr. Pro upesnní je IrDA zkratka odvozená z Infrared Data Associati- on, názvu neziskové mezinárodní organizace založené v roce 1993, která vytváí a spravu- je standardy pro infraervenou komunikaci. 1.1.1 Standardy • IrDA Data je urený pro zpravidla jednorázový, rozhodn však rychlý penos dat mezi dvma zaízeními. Tmi mohou být notebooky, tiskárny, píruní poítae (H/PC), mobilní telefony, pagery i digitální fotoaparáty. • IrDA Control vznikl v roce 1999 a je podobný nám dvrn známé infraervené komunikaci, tedy dálkovému ovládaní televizoru. Maximální penosová rychlost je pouze 75 kb/s, zato dosah je garantovaný minimáln pt metr a na rozdíl od dál- kového ovládaní mže být komunikace obousmrná. To je využitelné u bezdráto- vých klávesnic, myší, joystick a jiných polohových zaízení pro ovládaní nejen poíta, ale i herních konzolí i televizních box pro pipojení k Internetu. 1.1.2 Vlastnosti IrDa Standard IrDA Data definuje obousmrnou komunikaci chránnou kontrolním soutem CRC, a to od penosové rychlosti 9 600 b/s až do maximálních 4 Mb/s. Minimální vzdálenost mezi dvma idly, kdy si budou ob zaízení bez problém pedávat data, je odvozená od výkonu daných zaízení. Zatímco notebooky a tiskárny komunikují do vzdá- lenosti jednoho až dvou metr, mobilní telefony a elektronické diáe musí být piblíženy aspo na 20 cm, aby nemly píliš velký odbr elektrické energie. Tyto dosahy poítají s vhodným poasím a pímou viditelností mezi idly; na pímém slunci, v hustém dešti i s jinými pekážkami v cest se mohou výrazn zkrátit. Krom vzdálenosti je teba hlídat ješt správnou
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