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Tesis Doctoral Fantasía Y Realidad En La Literatura De Ciencia Ficción De Edgar Allan Poe, Pasamos a Explicar La Motivación Que Nos Llevó a Iniciar Esta Investigación

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Tesis Doctoral Fantasía Y Realidad En La Literatura De Ciencia Ficción De Edgar Allan Poe, Pasamos a Explicar La Motivación Que Nos Llevó a Iniciar Esta Investigación UNIVERSIDAD DE CASTILLA-LA MANCHA FACULTAD DE LETRAS DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOGÍA MODERNA TESIS DOCTORAL FANTASÍA Y REALIDAD EN LA LITERATURA DE CIENCIA FICCIÓN DE EDGAR ALLAN POE MARÍA ISABEL JIMÉNEZ GONZÁLEZ BAJO LA DIRECCIÓN DEL DOCTOR D. Ricardo Miguel Alfonso 2013 UNIVERSIDAD DE CASTILLA-LA MANCHA FACULTAD DE LETRAS DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOGÍA MODERNA D. Ricardo Miguel Alfonso, profesor titular del Área de Filología Inglesa en la Facultad de Letras de Ciudad Real (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha), CERTIFICA Que el presente trabajo de investigación titulado Fantasía y realidad en la literatura de ciencia ficción de Edgar Allan Poe, constituye la memoria presentada por Dña. María Isabel Jiménez González para aspirar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, y que ha sido realizado bajo su dirección. A su juicio, reúne las condiciones necesarias para ser presentada en la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha y juzgada por el tribunal correspondiente. Y para que conste a los efectos oportunos, firma la presente certificación en Ciudad Real a 27 de mayo de 2013. Dr. D. Ricardo Miguel Alfonso A mis padres. Gracias por ser y por estar. AGRADECIMIENTOS Esta Tesis Doctoral es el fruto de varios años de investigación y trabajo continuo. Son tantas las personas que me han apoyado incondicionalmente y que han hecho que este estudio llegara a buen puerto, que temo dejarme a alguien en el tintero. Desde ya, me gustaría dar las gracias a todos aquellos que estén leyendo estas páginas y que sientan de alguna manera que han colaborado en la realización de esta Tesis, a pesar de que su nombre no aparezca de forma directa. Ahora bien, de manera más personal, me gustaría expresar mi más sincera gratitud en las líneas que siguen a todos aquellos que me han acompañado en esta larga andadura. En primer lugar, al doctor D. Ricardo Miguel Alfonso, director de esta Tesis Doctoral, quien sin reservas aceptó guiar este estudio y darme la oportunidad de analizar este tema. Mi más sincero agradecimiento por su paciencia, su interés y su disponibilidad permanente para orientar y sugerir de la manera más rigurosa e iluminadora posible. También debo agradecer al Vicerrectorado de Profesorado de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha gran parte de la imprescindible financiación sin la cual nunca hubiera podido culminar este proyecto. De no ser por la concesión de la “Beca de Colaboración para Alumnos de Tercer Ciclo” mis estancias de investigación internacionales nunca podrían haberse fructificado. Asimismo es digno de mención el cálido recibimiento dispensado por el personal de la Penn State University, especialmente por parte de Barbara Cantalupo, y de la Universidad de Oxford, sobre todo por los trabajadores de la Bodleian Library. A mis profesores del departamento de Filología Moderna de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, sobre todo a aquellos que llegaron a hacerme sentir como una compañera más. Me gustaría destacar especialmente a Esther Zaplana, a Ángel Mateos- vii Aparicio y a Beatriz González por su amistad y respaldo. También debo nombrar a Margarita Rigal, quien me ha ayudado tanto y de forma tan desinteresada que siento que estoy en deuda con ella. A mis compañeros del departamento de idiomas de la Universidad Católica San Antonio, desde Thomas hasta Gloria. Vosotros sí sois la alegría de la huerta, murciana en este caso. Gracias por hacerme sentir como en casa y por hacerme mucho más llevadera la etapa final de esta Tesis. A las chicas de la calle Calatrava, 5 y a los chicos de la calle Mata, 5, así como a todos los que me acompañaron en mi etapa de Ciudad Real (Maia, Marisa, Marta, etc.). Son tantos los buenos momentos que he pasado junto a vosotros, que las páginas de esta Tesis no bastarían para narrarlos todos. A mis seis “súper nenas”, que ellas como nadie saben lo duras que han sido las últimas semanas. Mil gracias de corazón por comprenderme, por soportar mi fase monotemática previa a la defensa y por preocuparos por mí como verdaderas hermanas. También quisiera hacer mención especial a Luis. Gracias por tu ayuda y por poner tu saber, que es mucho, a mi disposición en todo momento. Fuiste tú la persona que me regaló mi primer libro de cuentos completos de Poe, ejemplar que guardo con inmenso cariño. Sabes como nadie que sin ti nada de esto tendría sentido y que nada de esto habría sido posible de no ser por ti. Dicen que los finales nunca fueron buenos, pero este no puede ser mejor. Mi último agradecimiento va para toda mi familia, en especial para mis padres, a quienes dedico este trabajo. No tengo palabras suficientes para expresar mi gratitud. Gracias por vuestro constante apoyo y estímulo. Mil gracias una vez más por haber confiado en mí y por hacerme sentir orgullosa de ser vuestra hija. viii ÍNDICE CAPÍTULO I: INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL .........................15 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................... 17 2. ESTRUCTURACIÓN DEL TRABAJO Y ORGANIZACIÓN ...... 19 3. HIPÓTESIS Y OBJETIVOS .............................................................. 23 - Generales ............................................................................................ 23 - Específicos .......................................................................................... 24 4. MOTIVACIÓN Y JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL OBJETO DE ESTUDIO ................................................................................................. 29 5. FUNDAMENTACIÓN TEÓRICA .................................................... 32 6. REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA Y MARCO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN .................................................................................. 39 - Estado de la cuestión ......................................................................... 39 - Fuentes ................................................................................................ 42 7. PROCEDIMIENTO METODOLÓGICO ........................................ 53 CAPÍTULO II: LA LITERATURA DE CIENCIA FICCIÓN .......................................................................................61 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................... 63 2. LITERATURA VS. CIENCIA ........................................................... 65 3. APROXIMACIONES AL GÉNERO DE LA CIENCIA FICCIÓN .................................................................................................. 70 - Definiciones canónicas ...................................................................... 70 - Temas recurrentes ............................................................................. 79 - Elementos para la construcción del género .................................... 83 - Géneros limítrofes y subgéneros relacionados ............................... 89 4. HISTORIA DE LA CIENCIA FICCIÓN ......................................... 99 - Orígenes de la ciencia ficción ........................................................... 99 - Panorama literario .......................................................................... 100 - Panorama histórico ......................................................................... 111 5. LA CIENCIA FICCIÓN EN EL SIGLO XIX: LA PROTO- CIENCIA FICCIÓN DE EDGAR ALLAN POE ............................... 117 ix 6. LA INFLUENCIA DE EDGAR ALLAN POE EN EL SURGIMIENTO DEL GÉNERO ......................................................... 122 7. RESUMEN .......................................................................................... 128 CAPÍTULO III: CIENCIA, TECNOLOGÍA Y TÉCNICA A LO LARGO DE LA HISTORIA .............................................. 131 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................. 133 2. EL MUNDO ANTIGUO ................................................................... 136 - Prehistoria ........................................................................................ 137 - Oriente Próximo y Lejano Oriente ................................................ 142 - La cultura griega ............................................................................. 144 - El Imperio Romano ......................................................................... 146 3. MEDIEVO .......................................................................................... 148 - La ciencia en el Islam ...................................................................... 148 -La Edad Media en Europa occidental ............................................ 150 4. EDAD MODERNA ............................................................................ 153 - El Renacimiento ............................................................................... 153 - El cambio científico en el siglo XVII .............................................. 155 - La Ilustración ................................................................................... 156 5. REVOLUCIÓN INDUSTRIAL ........................................................ 159 6. EDAD CONTEMPORÁNEA ........................................................... 161 - Revolución Francesa ....................................................................... 161 - Siglo XIX .......................................................................................... 162 7. RESUMEN .......................................................................................... 166 CAPÍTULO IV: LA SOCIEDAD DECIMONÓNICA ESTADOUNIDENSE ................................................................. 167 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................
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