Technical Drawing Examples Pdf
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Axonometric (Isometric Projection)
AXONOMETRIC (ISOMETRIC PROJECTION) Representation Systems Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Elevation Profile Plan Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Isometric Into the ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE, the isometric axes form a 120º angle between one another Front View Technical Drawing Name and Surname: Axonometric System Draw the AXONOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE of these pieces. -
A Non-Photorealistic Lighting Model for Automatic Technical Illustration
A Non-Photorealistic Lighting Model For Automatic Technical Illustration Amy Gooch Bruce Gooch Peter Shirley Elaine Cohen Department of Computer Science University of Utah = http:==www.cs.utah.edu Abstract Phong-shaded 3D imagery does not provide geometric information of the same richness as human-drawn technical illustrations. A non-photorealistic lighting model is presented that attempts to nar- row this gap. The model is based on practice in traditional tech- nical illustration, where the lighting model uses both luminance and changes in hue to indicate surface orientation, reserving ex- treme lights and darks for edge lines and highlights. The light- ing model allows shading to occur only in mid-tones so that edge lines and highlights remain visually prominent. In addition, we show how this lighting model is modified when portraying models of metal objects. These illustration methods give a clearer picture of shape, structure, and material composition than traditional com- puter graphics methods. CR Categories: I.3.0 [Computer Graphics]: General; I.3.6 [Com- Figure 1: The non-photorealistic cool (blue) to warm (tan) tran- puter Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques. sition on the skin of the garlic in this non-technical setting is an example of the technique automated in this paper for technical il- Keywords: illustration, non-photorealistic rendering, silhouettes, lustrations. Colored pencil drawing by Susan Ashurst. lighting models, tone, color, shading 1 Introduction dynamic range shading is needed for the interior. As artists have discovered, adding a somewhat artificial hue shift to shading helps The advent of photography and computers has not replaced artists, imply shape without requiring a large dynamic range. -
'The "Perfyt Scyens" of the Map; a Study of the Meaning and Interpretation of Local Maps in Early Tudor England 1509-1547'
'The "Perfyt Scyens" of the Map; a Study of the Meaning and Interpretation of Local Maps in Early Tudor England 1509-1547' Lewis John Kaye Roberts Queen Mary, University of London 70,056 words (excluding bibliography) This work was supported by the AHRC (BGP award reference: 0673) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of London 1 Statement of Originality. I, Lewis Roberts, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Date: 16th January 2014 2 Abstract. This thesis begins by examining an unexplored contextual background for sixteenth century local maps. It argues that the architectural drawing techniques developed by master masons in the late twelfth century continued to be taught to the King’s masons well into the sixteenth, and that these drawing techniques lie behind the innovations in sixteenth century topographical mapping. -
CT.ENG CAD Drafting/Engineering Graphics
CT.ENG CAD Drafting/Engineering Graphics Essential Discipline Goals -Develop and apply the technical competency and related academic skills that allow for economic independence and career satisfaction. -Acquire the essential learnings and values that foster continued education throughout life. -Demonstrate the ability to communicate, solve problems, work individually and in teams, and apply information effectively. -Develop technological literacy and the ability to adapt to future change. Standards Indicators CT.ENG.05 Communicate graphically through sketches of multi-view and pictorial drawings that meet industry standards. CT.ENG.05.01 Read and apply the rules for sketching in relation to proportion, placement of the views, and drawing medium needed CT.ENG.05.02 Select necessary views for the problem CT.ENG.05.03 Use blocking technique for size, shape, and details CT.ENG.05.04 Apply surface shading techniques where needed CT.ENG.05.05 Identify the uses of sketches in industry CT.ENG.05.06 Identify and describe the terms used in sketching CT.ENG.10 Produce multi-view orthographic projections to industry standards. CT.ENG.10.01 Define and apply the terms related to multi-view drawings CT.ENG.10.02 Apply the rules for orthographic projection CT.ENG.10.03 Review and analyze the working drawing problem and specifications CT.ENG.10.04 Visualize and select the necessary views CT.ENG.10.05 Identify the types of lines, lettering, and drawing medium needed CT.ENG.10.06 Solve fractional, decimal, and metric equations as needed CT.ENG.10.06 Use concepts related to units of measurement CT.ENG.10.07 Analyze and identify the need for sectional and/or auxiliary views CT.ENG.10.08 Define and apply the rules for sections and auxiliary views CT.ENG.10.09 Visualize and draw geometric figures in two dimens CT.ENG.10.10 Describe, compare and classify geometric figures CT.ENG.10.11 Apply properties and relationships of circles to solve circle problems CT.ENG.15 Produce development layouts of various shaped objects to industry standards. -
Basic Engineering Drawings
Today’s Thoughts The thing that’s so wonderful about using beautiful, appropriate [CAD] tools is that they become an extension of you, your body, you fingertips, and your mind. They get out of the way and let you directly interact with the problem you are solving. Everyone’s tried to remove a screw without a screwdriver; a task quickly becomes impossible that otherwise would be trivial. — Luke Crawford Here is one of the few effective keys to the design problem — the ability of the designer to recognize as many of the constraints as possible — his willingness and enthusiasm for working within these constraints. Constraints of price, of size, of strength, of balance, of surface, of time and so forth. — Charles Eames Section Views ME 172 Outline • Full Section • Half Section • Offset Section • Broken-out Section • Revolved Section • Removed Section • Sectioning Problems • Sectioning Quiz A Section View Technical Drawing– by Giesecke Visualizing a Section View Technical Drawing– by Giesecke Visualizing a Section View Technical Drawing– by Giesecke A Cut Plane Line Technical Drawing– by Giesecke Full Section View Blueprint Reading Basics – by Warren Hammer Full Section View Technical Drawing– by Giesecke Correct Full Section View Technical Drawing– by Giesecke Correct Full Section View Technical Drawing– by Giesecke Correct Full Section View Technical Drawing– by Giesecke Sectioning Symbols Technical Drawing– by Giesecke Correct Sectioning Lines Technical Drawing– by Giesecke ProblemAligned Full with Section a Full Section Blueprint Reading -
Pen-And-Ink Illustrations Painterly Rendering Cartoon Shading Technical Illustrations
CSCI 420 Computer Graphics Lecture 24 Non-Photorealistic Rendering Pen-and-ink Illustrations Painterly Rendering Cartoon Shading Technical Illustrations Jernej Barbic University of Southern California 1 Goals of Computer Graphics • Traditional: Photorealism • Sometimes, we want more – Cartoons – Artistic expression in paint, pen-and-ink – Technical illustrations – Scientific visualization [Lecture next week] cartoon shading 2 Non-Photorealistic Rendering “A means of creating imagery that does not aspire to realism” - Stuart Green Cassidy Curtis 1998 David Gainey 3 Non-photorealistic Rendering Also called: • Expressive graphics • Artistic rendering • Non-realistic graphics Source: ATI • Art-based rendering • Psychographics 4 Some NPR Categories • Pen-and-Ink illustration – Techniques: cross-hatching, outlines, line art, etc. • Painterly rendering – Styles: impressionist, expressionist, pointilist, etc. • Cartoons – Effects: cartoon shading, distortion, etc. • Technical illustrations – Characteristics: Matte shading, edge lines, etc. • Scientific visualization – Methods: splatting, hedgehogs, etc. 5 Outline • Pen-and-Ink Illustrations • Painterly Rendering • Cartoon Shading • Technical Illustrations 6 Hue • Perception of “distinct” colors by humans • Red • Green • Blue • Yellow Source: Wikipedia Hue Scale 7 Tone • Perception of “brightness” of a color by humans # •! Also called lightness# darker lighter •! Important in NPR# Source: Wikipedia 8 Pen-and-Ink Illustrations Winkenbach and Salesin 1994 9 Pen-and-Ink Illustrations •! Strokes –! -
Drawing the “Boundaries”, the Start of an Urban Planning Project
Geographia Technica, Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2017, pp 73 to 81 DRAWING THE “BOUNDARIES”, THE START OF AN URBAN PLANNING PROJECT Jordi GOMIS1, Carlos TURÓN DOI: 10.21163/GT_2017.122.07 ABSTRACT: The graphic representation of the boundaries of urban planning areas is a sufficiently important element of the representation of urban planning as not to allow the slightest hint of doubt or imprecision to arise in regard to the dividing lines it indicates. It can include everything from the growth limit of the urban land as a whole to small inner areas of the city subject to improvement, renovation or change of planning conditions. It is this first concept that the town planner must include/draw on his working plan to begin his task. Throughout the history of urban planning, this first “boundary” has been represented in various ways using different graphic and/or visual mechanisms. This article presents a journey through the history of the resources used by technicians for their representation and their evolution. Key-words: Graphic representation, Technical drawing, Urban Planning, City drawing, Urbanism. 1. INTRODUCTION The demarcation of geographical, territorial, municipal, regional, etc. areas has never been a problem dissociated from society. Since ancient times the specification of geographic boundaries and limits of influence has occupied and preoccupied people. “Boundaries” and “frontiers” have always given rise to disputes that people have attempted to resolve and settle, sometimes graphically, many others, unfortunately, through the use of force. Various inventories of land, people, property, crops, etc. were made ever since ancient times to inform kings and noblemen of the quantity and quality of their belongings and properties. -
What's Your Theory of Effective Schematic Map Design?
What’s Your Theory of Effective Schematic Map Design? Maxwell. J. Roberts Department of Psychology University of Essex Colchester, UK [email protected] Abstract—Amongst designers, researchers, and the general general public accept or reject radical new creations. public, there exists a diverse array of opinion about good practice Furthermore, the lay-theories held by designers will affect the in schematic map design, and a lack of awareness that such products that they create and the recommendations that they opinions are not necessarily universally held nor supported by make. Similarly, the lay-theories of transport managers will evidence. This paper gives an overview of the range of opinion determine design specifications and the acceptance or rejection that can be encountered, the consequences that this has for of end-products. With so many different theories in circulation, published designs, and a framework for organising the various conflicts will be inevitable, hence the polarised response to the views. controversial Madrid Metro map of 2007, which generated a huge adverse reaction amongst residents: presumably, the Keywords—schematic mapping; lay-theories, expectations and transport authority believed that this was a sound design. prejudices; effective design; cognition; intelligence. Likewise, the adverse public response to the removal of the I. LAY-THEORIES OF DESIGN River Thames from the London Underground map in 2009. The lay-theory held by officials, presumably, was that the river Whenever I create a controversial new schematic map and was irrelevant to usability. The public disagreed, and the river publish it on the internet, the diversity of opinion that it evokes returned a few months later. -
Module 4 Electronic Diagrams and Schematics
ENGINEERING SYMBOLOGY, PRINTS, AND DRAWINGS Module 4 Electronic Diagrams and Schematics Engineering Symbology, Prints, & Drawings Electronic Diagrams & Schematics TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Co nte nts TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................ii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ iii REFERENCES ................................................................................................................iv OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 1 ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS, PRINTS, AND SCHEMATICS ............................................ 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 2 Electronic Schematic Drawing Symbology .................................................................. 3 Examples of Electronic Schematic Diagrams .............................................................. 6 Reading Electronic Prints, Diagrams and Schematics ................................................. 8 Block Drawing Symbology ......................................................................................... 13 Examples of Block Diagrams .................................................................................... -
Architectural and Engineering Design Department (AEDD) South Portland, Maine 04106 Title:Technical Illustration Catalog Number
Architectural and Engineering Design Department (AEDD) South Portland, Maine 04106 Title:Technical Illustration Catalog Number: AEDD-205 Credit Hours: 3 Total Contact Hours: 60 Lecture: 30 Lab: 30 Instructor: Meridith Comeau Phone: 7415779 email :[email protected] Course Syllabus Course Description This comprehensive course covers technical and perspective forms of three-dimensional drawing, one and two point perspective, shade and shadow, color, and rendering. Extensive sketching, a thorough understanding of technical drawing/graphic concepts, and hands-on experience promote the development of artistic talent as it relates to architectural engineering design. Prerequisite(s): AEDD-100 or AEDD-105 Course Objectives 1. Generate accurate axonometric and isometric drawings. 2. Generate exploded views of assemblies from working drawings. 3. Generate one and two point perspective drawings from working drawings. 4. Integrate the effects of light, shade, and shadow. 5. Generate full-color renderings from working drawings and photographs. Topical Outline of Instruction 1. Overview of course, explanation of examples, and the introduction of sketching techniques. 2. Line technique and values, depiction of surface textures. 3. Introduction of drawing mediums. 4. Generation of axonometric drawings. 5. Generation of isometric drawings. 6. Introduction of one point perspective drawing. 7. Introduction of two point perspective drawing. 8. Introduction of light and shadow. 9. Introduction of shading techniques. 10. Introduction of rendering techniques. Course Requirements 1. Active attendance and participation. 2. Generation of all assigned drawings. 3. Development of a portfolio. Student Evaluation and Grading Work will be evaluated on content, quality, and timeliness. Homework/Sketching/In-class = 30% Critique = 20% Portfolio = 40% Attendance = 10% I use the course portal to post and grade all assignments. -
Vision & Implementation Plan
Buffalo River Greenway Vision & Implementation Plan Implementation Guidelines for the Buffalo River, Cayuga Creek, Buffalo Creek and Cazenovia Creek within the City of Buffalo and Towns of Cheektowaga and West Seneca. Prepared For: Buffalo Niagara RIVERKEEPER® Prepared By: Lynn Mason, ASLA With Assistance From: Julie Barrett O’Neill Jill Spisiak Jedlicka Lynda Schneekloth May 2006 II TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURE LIST pg. IV INVOLVED AGENCIES pg. VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY pg. VII I. GREENWAY VISION pg. 1 1. Greenway Benefits pg. 3 2. Buffalo River Greenway Project Area pg. 8 II. GREENWAY PLANNING HISTORY pg. 15 1. Recent Projects pg. 17 2. Recent Planning Projects pg. 28 III. EXISTING GREENWAY RESOURCES pg. 29 1. Parks & Parkways pg. 31 2. Conservation Areas pg. 37 3. Bike/Hike Trails pg. 38 4. Boat Launches and Marinas pg. 41 5. Fishing Access and Hot Spots pg. 41 6. Urban Canoe Trail and Launches pg. 42 7. Heritage Interpretation Areas pg. 44 IV. PROPOSED NEW GREENWAY ELEMENTS pg. 47 1. Introduction pg. 49 2. Buffalo River Trail Segments pg. 56 3. Site Specific Opportunities pg. 58 V. IMPLEMENTATION pg. 95 1. Introduction pg. 97 2. Implementation Strategies pg. 106 3. Leveraging Resources and Identifying Funding pg. 108 4. Legislative Action pg. 110 5. Education and Encouragement pg. 110 6. Operations and Maintenance pg. 111 7. Trail Development pg. 112 8. Design Guidelines pg. 181 APPENDIX/ BACKGROUND INFORMATION pg. 189 A. Existing Greenway Resources pg. 191 B. Prohibited Uses pg. 209 C. Phytoremediation pg. 213 D. Buffalo River Paper Streets: A Status Report pg. 215 REFERENCES pg. -
How Neurons Exploit Fractal Geometry to Optimize Their Network Connectivity Julian H
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN How neurons exploit fractal geometry to optimize their network connectivity Julian H. Smith1,5, Conor Rowland1,5, B. Harland2, S. Moslehi1, R. D. Montgomery1, K. Schobert1, W. J. Watterson1, J. Dalrymple‑Alford3,4 & R. P. Taylor1* We investigate the degree to which neurons are fractal, the origin of this fractality, and its impact on functionality. By analyzing three‑dimensional images of rat neurons, we show the way their dendrites fork and weave through space is unexpectedly important for generating fractal‑like behavior well‑ described by an ‘efective’ fractal dimension D. This discovery motivated us to create distorted neuron models by modifying the dendritic patterns, so generating neurons across wide ranges of D extending beyond their natural values. By charting the D‑dependent variations in inter‑neuron connectivity along with the associated costs, we propose that their D values refect a network cooperation that optimizes these constraints. We discuss the implications for healthy and pathological neurons, and for connecting neurons to medical implants. Our automated approach also facilitates insights relating form and function, applicable to individual neurons and their networks, providing a crucial tool for addressing massive data collection projects (e.g. connectomes). Many of nature’s fractal objects beneft from the favorable functionality that results from their pattern repeti- tion at multiple scales 1–3. Anatomical examples include cardiovascular and respiratory systems4 such as the bronchial tree5 while examples from natural scenery include coastlines 6, lightning7, rivers8, and trees9,10. Along with trees, neurons are considered to be a prevalent form of fractal branching behavior11.