Piemontano Oriental

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Piemontano Oriental guía dinámica de los reptiles del bosque piemontano oriental omar torres coordinador editorial Lista de especies Número de especies: 136 Amphisbaenia Amphisbaenidae Amphisbaena bassleri, Culebras ciegas Squamata: Serpentes Boidae Epicrates cenchria, Boas arcoiris Colubridae: Dipsadinae Atractus ecuadorensis, Culebras tierreras de Ecuador Atractus resplendens, Culebras tierreras resplandecientes Atractus major, Culebras tierreras cafés Atractus collaris, Culebras tierreras de collares Atractus duboisi, Culebras tierreras Atractus elaps, Falsas corales tierreras Atractus occipitoalbus, Culebras tierreras grises Atractus snethlageae, Culebras tierreras Atractus orcesi, Culebras tierreras de Orcés Atractus modestus, Culebras tierreras modestas Atractus touzeti, Culebras tierreras de los Guacamayos Clelia clelia, Chontas Clelia equatoriana, Chontas ecuatorianas Dipsas catesbyi, Culebras caracoleras de Catesby Dipsas elegans, Culebras caracoleras ecuatorianas Dipsas indica, Culebras caracoleras neotropicales Dipsas oreas, Culebras caracoleras manchadas Dipsas pavonina, Culebras caracoleras norteñas Dipsas peruana, Culebras caracoleras de Perú Dipsas vermiculata, Culebras caracoleras Drepanoides anomalus, Culebras hoz Erythrolamprus breviceps, Culebras terrestres pequeñas Erythrolamprus reginae, Culebras terrestres reales Erythrolamprus festae, Culebras terrestres parduzcas Erythrolamprus pygmaeus, Culebras de la cuenca superior del Amazonas Erythrolamprus aesculapii, Falsas corales comunes Erythrolamprus mimus, Falsas corales miméticas Erythrolamprus epinephelus, Culebras terrestres occidentales Imantodes lentiferus, Cordoncillos del Amazonas Imantodes cenchoa, Cordoncillos comunes Leptodeira annulata, Serpientes ojos de gato anilladas Ninia hudsoni, Serpientes de Hudson Oxyrhopus petolarius, Falsas corales amazónicas Oxyrhopus melanogenys, Falsas corales oscuras Oxyrhopus leucomelas, Falsas corales de Warner Oxyrhopus occipitalis, Falsas corales Philodryas simonsii, Serpientes corredoras de Simons Saphenophis boursieri, Culebras de labios manchados Sibynomorphus petersi, Culebras Siphlophis ayauma, Siphlophis compressus, Falsas corales tropicales Synophis bogerti, Synophis lasallei, Serpientes Synophis zamora, Serpientes pescadoras de Zamora Xenodon rabdocephalus, Falsas equis Xenodon severus, Falsas equis orientales Taeniophallus brevirostris, Culebras sudamericanas Colubridae: Colubrinae Chironius fuscus, Serpientes látigo olivas Chironius exoletus, Serpientes látigo Chironius monticola, Serpientes látigo de montaña Chironius scurrulus, Serpientes látigo de Wagler Chironius carinatus, Serpientes látigo negras Dendrophidion dendrophis, Serpientes corredoras aceituna de bosque Drymoluber dichrous, Serpientes corredoras comunes brillantes Lampropeltis micropholis, Falsas corales interandinas Mastigodryas heathii, Serpientes látigo del sur Oxybelis brevirostris, Serpientes liana Spilotes sulphureus, Serpientes silbadoras gigantes Tantilla melanocephala, Culebras de cabeza negra Phrynonax polylepis, Culebras silbadoras amazónicas Elapidae Micrurus narduccii, Coralillas Micrurus dumerilii, Corales capuchinas transandinas Micrurus ornatissimus, Corales ornamentadas Micrurus petersi, Corales montañeras Micrurus peruvianus, Corales peruanas Micrurus spixii, Corales amazónicas de cuello negro Micrurus steindachneri, Corales de Steindachner Micrurus lemniscatus, Corales acintadas amazónicas Tropidophiidae Tropidophis taczanowskyi, Boas pigmeas de Taczanowsky Viperidae Bothriopsis pulchra, Loros mashacos Bothriopsis taeniata, Chichis Bothrocophias microphthalmus, Hojas podridas Bothrops brazili, Equis de Brasil Bothrops atrox, Equis del oriente Lachesis muta, Verrugosas del oriente Leptotyphlopidae Trilepida anthracina, Serpientes hebra Squamata: Sauria Sphaerodactylidae Gonatodes caudiscutatus, Salamanquesas diurnas occidentales Lepidoblepharis festae, Salamanquesas pestañudas orientales Pseudogonatodes guianensis, Salamanquesas Gymnophthalmidae Arthrosaura reticulata, Lagartijas de vientre amarillo Anadia rhombifera, Lagartijas de rombos Anadia petersi, Lagartijas Cercosaura oshaughnessyi, Lagartijas rayadas de O'Shaughnessy Cercosaura argula, Lagartijas rayadas brillantes Euspondylus guentheri, Lagartijas Pholidobolus dicrus, Lagartijas rayadas de franja bifurcada Pholidobolus ainis, Cuilanes Pholidobolus macbrydei, Cuilanes Pholidobolus montium, Cuilanes Pholidobolus prefrontalis, Cuilanes Potamites ecpleopus, Lagartijas ribereñas Potamites strangulatus, Lagartijas ribereñas de escamas grandes Riama anatoloros, Palos del este Riama balneator, Palos Riama meleagris, Palos Riama orcesi, Palos Riama raneyi, Palos Riama simotera, Palos Riama stigmatoral, Palos Macropholidus annectens, Cuilanes Gelanesaurus cochranae, Lagartijas ribereñas de Cochran Gelanesaurus flavogularis, Lagartijas ribereñas de garganta amarilla Loxopholis parietalis, Lagartijas comunes de las raíces Andinosaura petrorum, Palos Alopoglossidae Alopoglossus angulatus, Lagartijas Alopoglossus atriventris, Lagartijas de vientre quillado Alopoglossus buckleyi, Teiidos de Buckley Alopoglossus copii, Lagartijas Ptychoglossus brevifrontalis, Lagartijas Iguanidae: Hoplocercinae Enyalioides rubrigularis, Lagartijas de palo gargantirrojas Enyalioides cofanorum, Lagartijas de palo cofanes Enyalioides laticeps, Lagartijas de palo cabezonas Enyalioides microlepis, Lagartijas de palo microescamadas Enyalioides praestabilis, Lagartijas de palo de Canelos Enyalioides anisolepis, Lagartijas de palo de escamas ásperas Morunasaurus annularis, Mantícoras de anillos Iguanidae: Dactyloinae Anolis vanzolinii, Anolis de Vanzolini Anolis fitchi, Anolis de Fitch Anolis fuscoauratus, Anolis esbeltos Anolis orcesi, Anolis de Orcés de los Andes Anolis ortonii, Anolis de Orton Anolis punctatus, Anolis manchados Anolis trachyderma, Anolis de piel áspera Anolis podocarpus, Anolis del Podocarpus Anolis soinii, Anolis de Soini Teiidae Kentropyx altamazonica, Lagartijas de la Amazonía alta Kentropyx pelviceps, Lagartijas del bosque Iguanidae: Tropidurinae Plica umbra, Lagartijas de labios azules Stenocercus angel, Guagsas Stenocercus humeralis, Guagsas verdes collarejas Stenocercus angulifer, Guagsas cornudas de Pastaza Stenocercus festae, Guagsas del austro Stenocercus cadlei, Guagsas de Cadle Testudines Chelidae Phrynops georoanus, Tortugas cabeza de sapo de Georoy Amphisbaenia Amphisbaenidae Amphisbaena bassleri Culebras ciegas Vanzolini (2002) Orden: Amphisbaenia | Familia: Amphisbaenidae Nombres comunes Pudridoras , Mottled amphisbaenas , Speckled worm lizards , Worm lizards , Culebras ciegas Tamaño El tamaño varía de 300 a 362 mm de longitud (Duellman, 1978; Vitt y de la Torre, 1996). Color en vida Cuerpo blanco a blanco amarillento, raramente blanco rosáceo; marcas dorsales oscuras (negruzcas o azuladas), delgadas y transversales que terminan en los flancos; vientre blanco a blanco amarillento, raramente blanco rosáceo (Duellman, 1978; Vitt y de la Torre, 1996; Vanzolini, 2002). Historia natural Esta especie de hábitos fosoriales es diurna y crepuscular (Vitt y de la Torre, 1996). Poco se conoce sobre su ecología, pero podría ser un forrajeador activo de desplazamiento lento que se alimenta de invertebrados, como hormigas (Formicidae), termitas (Isoptera) y ciempiés (Chilopoda) (Duellman, 1978; Vitt y de la Torre, 1996). Es probablemente ovípara, como la mayoría de anfisbénidos (Duellman, 1978; Vitt y de La Torre, 1996). Andrade et al. (2006) sugieren que los huevos de las especies amazónicas pueden ser colocados en nidos de hormigas y termitas, lo que brindaría rangos de temperatura y humedad favorables para el desarrollo de los embriones, además de servir como mecanismo de defensa ante depredadores o ataques microbianos. Cuando se siente amenazada levanta la cola y la cabeza del suelo, y mueve la cola como si fuese la cabeza. La cola puede autotomizarse una vez (desprenderse), si es atrapada se defiende mordiendo, y aunque no es venenosa sus mordeduras son dolorosas (Vitt y de la Torre, 1996). Distribución y Hábitat Amphisbaena bassleri se distribuye en Bolivia, Perú, norte de Argentina y la Amazonía alta de Ecuador (Gans, 2005). En Ecuador habita entre los 0 a 152 m de altitud, y se la ha reportado en las provincias de Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbíos y Morona Santiago (Vanzolini, 2002; Lemos y Facure, 2007). Este reptil habita en bosques de galería, bosques semideciduos y formaciones abiertas, en la hojarasca o bajo tierra. Después de las lluvias se la puede observar sobre el suelo (Vitt y de la Torre, 1996). Regiones naturales Bosque Montano Oriental, Bosque Piemontano Oriental, Bosque Húmedo Tropical Amazónico Pisos Altitudinales Tropical oriental Sistemática Vanzolini (1951, 2002) reconoce cinco subespecies de Amphisbaena fuliginosa, por su coloración y números de escamas. Sin embargo, Gans (2005) propone el cambio de estatus de la subespecie (Amphisbaena fuliginosa bassleri) a especie (Amphisbaena bassleri). Estado de conservación Lista Roja IUCN: No evaluada. Lista Roja Carrillo: Preocupación menor. La destrucción, fragmentación y contaminación del hábitat son sus mayores amenazas. Fomentar los estudios acerca del estado de sus poblaciones naturales sería el primer paso para su conservación. Literatura Citada 1. American Heritage Dictionary. 2006. The American heritage dictionary of the English language. Houghton Milin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2074 pp. 2. Andrade, D. V., Nascimento, L. B. y Abe, A. S. 2006. Habits hidden underground: A review on the reproduction of the Amphisbaenia
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