DOCSLIB.ORG

Tropical Diseases in Travelers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tropical Diseases in Travelers BLBK134-Schwartz March 17, 2009 21:4 Tropical Diseases in Travelers EDITED BY Eli Schwartz md dtmh Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Israel and Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Av iv, Israel A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication iii BLBK134-Schwartz March 17, 2009 21:4 Tropical Diseases in Travelers i BLBK134-Schwartz March 17, 2009 21:4 ii BLBK134-Schwartz March 17, 2009 21:4 Tropical Diseases in Travelers EDITED BY Eli Schwartz md dtmh Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Israel and Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Av iv, Israel A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication iii BLBK134-Schwartz March 17, 2009 21:4 This edition first published 2009, C 2009 by Blackwell Publishing Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing programme has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered office: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.w ile y.com/w ile y-blackwe ll The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tropical diseases in travelers / edited by Eli Schwartz. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4051-8441-0 1. Tropical medicine. 2. Travel—Health aspects. I. Schwartz, Eli, Dr. [DNLM: 1. Tropical Medicine—methods. 2. Communicable Disease Control—methods. 3. Travel. WC 680 T8557 2009] RC961.T736 2009 616.9993—dc22 2008055877 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 9.25/11.5pt Minion by Aptara R Inc., New Delhi, India Printed and bound in Singapore 1 2009 iv BLBK134-Schwartz March 17, 2009 21:4 Dedicated with love to my wife Carmela and our children, Miriam, Aviad, and Naama v BLBK134-Schwartz March 17, 2009 21:4 vi BLBK134-Schwartz March 17, 2009 21:4 Contents List of Contributors, x Foreword, xii Acknowledgments, xiv Part I Tropical Diseases in Travelers—General Aspects 1 Introduction, 3 Eli Schwartz 2 The Art of Travel Medicine a Century Ago, 5 Eli Schwartz 3 Epidemiology of Post-Travel Illnesses, 13 Pamela Rendi-Wagner and Eli Schwartz 4 Travelers as Sentinels for Disease Occurrence in Destination Countries, 27 David O. Freedman and Eli Schwartz 5 VFR (Visiting Friends and Relatives) Travelers, 35 Phyllis E. Kozarsky and Jay S. Keystone 6 Post-Tropical Screening, 45 Joanna S. Herman and Peter L. Chiodini Part II Specific Infections 7 Dengue Fever, 53 Eli Schwartz 8 West Nile Fever, 65 Michal Chowers 9 Japanese Encephalitis in Travelers, 74 John Simon 10 Yellow Fever and Yellow Fever Vaccine-Associated Disease, 82 Elizabeth D. Barnett 11 Chikungunya: An Emerging Disease in Travelers, 92 Fabrice Simon, Elodie Vivier, and Philippe Parola 12 Ross River Virus, 101 Joseph Torresi 13 Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, 107 Annelies Wilder-Smith vii BLBK134-Schwartz March 17, 2009 21:4 viii Contents 14 Rabies and the Traveler, 119 Henry Wilde and Thiravat Hemachudha 15 Enterically Transmitted Hepatitis: Hepatitis A and E, 130 Nancy Piper Jenks and Eli Schwartz 16 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever, 144 Eli Schwartz 17 Bacterial Diarrhea, 154 Herbert L. DuPont 18 Rickettsial Diseases, 161 Mogens Jensenius and Philippe Parola 19 Relapsing Fever, 169 GilSidiandEliSchwartz 20 Leptospirosis, 175 Eyal Leshem and Eli Schwartz 21 Malaria in Travelers: Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, and Treatment , 187 Eli Schwartz 22 Malaria Diagnosis in Travelers, 204 R. Scott Miller 23 Malaria—Prevention, 216 Eli Schwartz 24 Schistosomiasis, 229 Eli Schwartz 25 Filarial Infections, 243 Thomas B. Nutman 26 Human Trypanosomiasis: African and American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease), 254 Johannes A. Blum 27 Cystic Echinococcosis, 264 Enrico Brunetti 28 Neurocysticercosis, 275 Eli Schwartz 29 Histoplasmosis and Other Endemic Fungal Infections, 282 Michael J. Segel and Eli Schwartz 30 Intestinal Protozoa: Giardia, Amebiasis, Cyclospora, Blastocystis hominis, Dientamoeba fragilis,andCryptosporidium parvum, 294 Karin Leder 31 Intestinal Helminths: Strongyloides stercoralis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Trichuris trichiuria, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichinella, Intestinal Tapeworms, and Liver Flukes, 303 Karin Leder 32 Leishmaniasis, 316 Eli Schwartz BLBK134-Schwartz March 17, 2009 21:4 Contents ix 33 Ectoparasites: Myiasis, Tungiasis, Scabies, 334 Eli Schwartz and Eric Caumes 34 Helminthic Skin Diseases in Travelers, 341 Eric Caumes 35 Delusional Parasitosis, 352 Eli Schwartz, Jay Keystone, and Henry Abramovitch Part III Syndromic Approach 36 Approach to Patients with Post-Travel Diarrhea, 361 Eli Schwartz and Bradley A. Connor 37 Approach to Patients with Fever, 370 Eli Schwartz 38 Approach to Returning Travelers with Skin Lesions, 379 Eric Caumes 39 Approach to Travel-Related Eosinophilia, 389 Eyal Meltzer and Eli Schwartz 40 Approach to Patients with Protracted Rheumatological Manifestations, 403 Eli Schwartz and Michael Ehrenfeld 41 Travel-Related Respiratory Infections, 413 Eyal Meltzer and Eli Schwartz 42 Neurological Signs and Symptoms in Travelers, 427 Einar P. Wilder-Smith and Annelies Wilder-Smith 43 Closing Remarks, 434 Eli Schwartz Appendixes Appendix A: Drugs for Parasitic Infections, 436 Appendix B: Laboratory Tests for Tropical Diseases, 466 Index, 473 Color plate section follows page 274. BLBK134-Schwartz March 20, 2009 11:53 Contributors Henry Abramovitch PhD Meir Medical Center, Mogens Jensenius MD Department of Medical Education, Kfar Saba, Israel Ulleval˚ University Hospital, Sackler School of Medicine, Oslo, Norway Tel Aviv University, Bradley A. Connor MD Tel Av iv, Israel Division of Gastroenterology and Jay S. Keystone MD Hepatology, Division of Infectious Disease, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Elizabeth D. Barnett MD Toronto General Hospital, New York, USA Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious University of Toronto, Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Boston Medical Center, Herbert L. DuPont MD Boston, Massachusetts, USA The University of Texas–Houston School of Public Health and Medical School, Phyllis E. Kozarsky MD Johannes A. Blum MD and Division of Infectious Diseases, Swiss Tropical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine, Basel, Switzerland and Atlanta, Georgia, USA St. Luke’s Episcopal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Borrelia Garinii and Rickettsia Monacensis in Ixodes Ricinus Ticks
    LETTERS light the country’s potential role in the 5. Sessions OM, Khan K, Hou Y, Meltzer E, Borrelia garinii global circulation of DENV. Quam M, Schwartz E, et al. Exploring the origin and potential for spread of the 2013 and Rickettsia Our findings are corroborated by dengue outbreak in Luanda, Angola. Glob a recently reported case of dengue in Health Action. 2013;6:21822. monacensis in a traveler from Portugal that was ac- 6. ProMed-mail. Dengue—Angola (06), Ixodes ricinus quired in Luanda concomitantly with update [cited 2014 Mar 20]. http://www. promedmail.org, article no. 1824865. Ticks, Algeria our cases and also found to be caused 7. Nunes MR, Faria NR, Vasconcelos HB, by DENV-4 (10). In light of the ap- Medeiros DB, Silva de Lima CP, To the Editor: Lyme disease Carvalho VL, et al. Phylogeography of parent introduction of DENV-4 to (Lyme borreliosis) is caused by a Angola, probably from Brazil, health dengue virus serotype 4, Brazil, 2010–2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:1858–64. http:// group of related spirochetes (Borrelia authorities should be encouraged to dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1811.120217 burgdorferi sensu lato) that include enhance surveillance and vector con- 8. Saluzzo JF, Cornet M, Castagnet P, ≥11 species (1). In northern Africa, Rey C, Digoutte JP. Isolation of den- trol efforts. In addition, health prac- the main vector of Lyme disease in titioners treating travelers returning gue 2 and dengue 4 viruses from pa- tients in Senegal. Trans R Soc Trop Europe (Ixodes ricinus ticks) is also from Angola should be aware of the Med Hyg.
    [Show full text]
  • Artemether-Lumefantrine Compared to Atovaquone-Proguanil As a Treatment for Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Travelers
    Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 92(1), 2015, pp. 13–17 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0249 Copyright © 2015 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Artemether-Lumefantrine Compared to Atovaquone-Proguanil as a Treatment for Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Travelers Shirly Grynberg, Tamar Lachish, Eran Kopel, Eyal Meltzer, and Eli Schwartz* The Center of Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; The Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Abstract. Atovaquone-proguanil (AP) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) are both treatments for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but comparative clinical trials are lacking. We performed a retrospective analysis, comparing treatment failure and fever clearance time in non-immune travelers with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, treated with AP or AL. Sixty-nine patients were included during 2001–2013: 44 in the AP group and 25 in the AL group. Treatment failure was observed in 6 of 44 (13.6%) and 1 of 25 (4.0%) patients in the AP and AL groups, respectively. Six treatment failures were observed in travelers from West Africa. Fever clearance time was 44 ± 23 h in AL group versus 77 ± 28 h in AP group, (P < 0.001). Hospitalization time was significantly shorter in the AL group; 3.8 + 1.3 versus 5.1 + 2.8 days in the AP group (P = 0.04) In conclusion, travelers with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria recover faster on AL than on AP. The AL should probably be the drug of choice for this population.
    [Show full text]
  • ELI SCHWARTZ, MD, DTMH LIST of PUBLICATIONS-According to Subjects
    CV- ELI SCHWARTZ, MD, DTMH LIST OF PUBLICATIONS-according to subjects (partial list) Parasitic Diseases Malaria: 1. Schwartz E., Golenser Y. Treatment of malaria. Harefu'ah, 124, 572-577, 1993. 2. Duer D., Schwartz E., Shaked N., Ramot B. Amodiaquin-induced agranulocytosis: Drug inhibition of myloid colonies in the presence of patient's serum. Israel. J. of Medical Science. 21: 331-334, 1985. 3. Schwartz E., Shapiro R., Shina S., Bank, I. Delayed Expansion of Vδ2+ and Vδ1+ γδ T cells after acute Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria. J. of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 97, 1387-1392, 1996. 4. Schwartz E., Pener H., Issa M.S., Golenser J. An overview of the malaria situation in Zanzibar. J. of Community Health 22, 33-44, 1997. 5. Golesner J., Peled-Kamar M., Schwartz E., Friedman H., Groner Y., Pollack Y. Transgenic mice with elevated level of CuZnSOD are highly susceptible to malaria infection. Free Radicals Biology and Medicine .24,1504-1510,1998. 6. Schwartz E., Sidi. Y. New aspects of malaria imported from Ethiopia. Clinical Infectious Disease.26, 1089-1091, 1998. 7. Weber G., Schwartz E., Schlaffer F., Lang R., Alkan M. Imported severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Israel. J. of Travel Medicine. 5, 97-99, 1998. 8. Schwartz E., Samuni A., Friedman I., Hempelmann E., Golenser Y. Deleterious role of superoxide dismutation in malaria parasites. Inflamation .23: 361-370, 1999. -1 - Short CV- ELI SCHWARTZ, MD, DTMH 9. Schwartz E., Regev-Yochay G., Primaquine as prophylaxis for malaria for non-immune travelers; comparison to mefloquine or doxycycline Clinical Infectious Disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Probable Importation of Dengue Virus Type 4 to Angola from Brazil
    LETTERS Probable Angola and who were hospitalized (http://doua.prabi.fr/software/njplot). within days of returning to their home Results showed that RNA from this Importation of countries because of signs and symp- isolate was most closely related to Dengue Virus toms of dengue fever. None of the that of a DENV-4 strain identified in Type 4 to Angola case-patients met criteria for severe 2010 in Boa Vista, the capital of Ro- dengue, and all recovered unevent- raima State in the Amazon Region of from Brazil fully. Acute DENV infection was Brazil (7) (Figure). To the Editor: The prevalence confirmed by serologic testing in all DENV-4 infection was previ- of dengue virus (DENV) infection in 3 patients and by positive results for a ously reported in Africa in 1986, when Africa may have been grossly under- nonstructural protein 1 serum antigen 2 cases were identified in travelers estimated for many years (1). Even test in 2 travelers. returning from Senegal (8), but to though published reports are scarce, In a serum sample taken from 1 our knowledge, no other cases have dengue has been documented in at of the travelers from Israel on the sec- been reported in western or south- least 34 countries in Africa (2). The ond day of fever, DENV RNA was de- western Africa. During the April 2013 role of travelers as sentinels of infec- tected by using reverse transcription dengue outbreak in Luanda, only tious disease has proven to be invalu- PCR. This strain was found to belong DENV-1 was isolated (3,4).
    [Show full text]
  • International Conference on Migration Health 1-3 October 2018, Rome, Italy Poster Abstracts
    International Conference on Migration Health 1-3 October 2018, Rome, Italy Poster Abstracts Please view this document with its bookmarks for easier navigation. At each bookmark, you will find the complete list of poster(s) in that topic, a corresponding poster number, and its presenter(s). Poster Group 1 - Access to Care Abstract List Abstract: 227 MIGRATION2018 10 - Access to Care Provision of multidisciplinary, post-hospitalisation care to migrants in Catania, Italy F. Bellissimo, Italy1, L. Vicari, Italy2, I.P. Martino, Italy3, E. Galli, Italy1, N. Leiba, Italy1, L. Borruso, Italy1, G. Maringhini, Italy1 1Médecins sans frontières, Catania, Italy, 2Medicines Sans Frontiers, Catania, Italy, 3medicins Sans Frontiers, Catania, Italy Introduction and Objectives A major gap in the provision of care to individuals in precarious situations, such as the highly vulnerable migrant population in Europe, is post-hospitalisation care: due to bed shortages, pressure exists on hospitals to discharge patients as rapidly as possible, but the living conditions of many vulnerable populations may not be conducive to a good recovery, leading to high rates of re-admission and complications. In July 2017, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) launched a pilot project in Catania, Italy, with the aim of providing multidisciplinary post-hospitalisation assistance (provision of medical, nursing, rehabilitative, and psychological care and socio-legal and cultural mediation support) in a protected environment. Migrants who were discharged following emergency or planned hospitalization were assessed and admitted to the MSF center for extended care. Here, we present the lessons learned from this intervention. Methods The MSF center was set up as a residential structure with 24 beds, 8 of which were reserved for female patients and 2 for people with reduced mobility.
    [Show full text]
  • Couv Rto-Vso Ang.Qxp
    Couv_rto-vso Ang.qxp 15.02.2007 09:59 Page 1 International travel and health International travel People made more than 800 million international journeys in 2006.This amount of global travel exposes many people to changes in altitude, humidity, disease agents and temperature – all of which can lead to ill-health. Many health risks InternationalInternational can be minimized by precautions taken before, during and after travel.This book explains how travellers can stay healthy, and provides WHO guidance on vacci- nations, malaria chemoprophylaxis and treatment, protection against insects and traveltravel andand healthhealth other disease vectors, and safety in different environmental settings. This book covers all the main health risks to travellers, both during their jour- ney and at the destinations. It describes the relevant infectious diseases, inclu- ding causative agents, modes of transmission, clinical features, geographical dis- tribution, and prophylactic and preventive measures. New and revised contents in this edition include: travel by sea high-altitude illness deep vein thrombosis related to air travel new vaccines and vaccine schedules rabies avian influenza Chikungunya special groups of travellers; including Hajj pilgrims, and immigrants visiting friends and relatives malaria treatment for returning travellers and travellers abroad implications of the revised International Health Regulations (2005); and its updated vaccination certificate. This book is designed for medical and public health professionals who advise
    [Show full text]
  • (Malaronevr ) in Long-Term Travellers to West Africa Tamar Lachish, MD1,*, Maskit Bar-Meir, MD1, Neta Eisenberg, MD2, and Eli Schwartz, MD3,4
    Journal of Travel Medicine, 2016, 1–5 doi: 10.1093/jtm/taw064 Original Article Original Article Effectiveness of twice a week prophylaxis with atovaquone–proguanil (MalaroneVR ) in long-term travellers to West Africa Tamar Lachish, MD1,*, Maskit Bar-Meir, MD1, Neta Eisenberg, MD2, and Eli Schwartz, MD3,4 1The Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, P.O.B 3235, Jerusalem 91301, Israel, 2Centro Me´dico La Paz, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, 3The Center for Geographic Medicine, the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel, and 4Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel * To correspondence should be addressed: Tel: þ972-2-6666340, Fax: þ972-2-6666840; Email: [email protected] The paper was presented as an oral presentation in the CISTM14 2015, Quebec, Canada and the APTHC 2016, Kathmandu, Nepal. Submitted 1 July 2016; revised 16 August 2016; Accepted 23 August 2016 Abstract Background: Current guidelines recommend daily dosing of atovaquone–proguanil (AP), beginning a day before travel to endemic areas and continuing for 7 days after departure. Adherence of long-term travellers to daily malaria chemoprophylaxis tends to be poor, even when residing in highly endemic malaria regions. Evidence from a volun- teer challenging study suggests that non-daily, longer intervals dosing of AP provides effective protection against Plasmodium falciparum. This study examines the effectiveness of twice weekly AP prophylaxis in long-term travel- lers to highly endemic P. falciparum areas in West Africa. Methods: An observational surveillance study aimed to detect prophylactic failures associated with twice weekly AP, during the years 2013–2014, among long-term expatriates in two sites in West Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • May/June 2003
    Newsletter of the International Society of Travel Medicine 2003 May/June Bradley A. Connor Inaugurated as Message from President; Prativa Pandey is chosen Prativa President-elect Three New Counselors Elected radley Connor, MD (USA) was inaugurated as the sev- enth president of ISTM at the organization’s May meet- Bing in New York. (Brad’s bio and mission statements ap- peared in the previous issue (March/April 2003) of NewsShare and are available on the ISTM website. Written copies of am very honored to be entrusted with NewsShare are also available from the ISTM office.) the responsibility of being president- Prativa Pandey, MD (Nepal) was chosen president-elect in the Ielect of this prestigious Society. I recently held election. She will be inaugurated as the Society’s never dreamt that I would be saying this eighth president at CISTM9, in 2005, in Lisbon Portugal, when but here I am asking for your goodwill Brad ends his term. and support to move the organization for- In the same election, three new counselors were chosen: Peter Leggat (Australia), Kevin ward. Kain (Canada) and Eli Schwartz (Israel). Kevin and Elie will serve four-year terms. Peter will The ever changing issues in travel medi- serve a two-year term. Generally, only two counselors are chosen, but a third was neces- cine make it imperative that the ISTM con- sary to complete Prativa’s term, as she now rises from counselor to president-elect. Peter tinues to educate travel medicine practi- received the third most ballots. tioners and the traveling public while en- This election of Prativa marks several milestones in the history of the ISTM.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of Giardiasis After Nonresponse to Nitroimidazole
    DISPATCHES of fecal samples after nitroimidazole therapy) were seen Treatment of at the Center for Geographic Medicine and Tropical Dis- eases at Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Giardiasis after the Tropical Disease Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. All patients were symptomatic. Nonresponse to Median patient age was 25.0 years (interquartile range Nitroimidazole 23.7–35.0, mean ± SD 30.4 ± 11.7 years), and 75% of pa- tients were male (Table 1). Of the 12 cases, 10 (83.3%) Eyal Meltzer, Tamar Lachish, and Eli Schwartz occurred after travel to developing countries; 8 patients had traveled to Asia (India and/or Thailand) and 2 to Latin During January 2008–October 2013, a total of 12 cases America. Of 11 patients evaluated for immune deficiency, 4 of giardiasis at the Chaim Sheba and Shaare Zedek Medi- (36.4%) had low immunoglobulin levels; of these, 1 patient cal Centers, Israel, did not respond to nitroimidazole; 83.3% had pan-hypogammaglobulinemia and 3 had IgA deficiency. were associated with travel and 33% with immunoglobulin The median number of failed courses of nitroimid- deficiency. Among 110 published cases, the most effec- tive treatment was quinacrine (efficacy 90%–100%), but its azole was 2.5 (interquartile range 1–3, mean ± SD 2.7 ± 2.5 availability is limited. courses). All 12 patients received albendazole as a second line of treatment. Of 10 patients for whom complete para- sitologic data were available, 4 (40%) experienced cure. iardia lamblia are protozoan parasites distributed Of 6 patients for whom albendazole failed, 4 received ni- Gglobally and mostly transmitted by close contact and tazoxanide.
    [Show full text]
  • Travelers As Sentinels of Zika Virus Transmission. a Geosentinel Analysis, 2012 to 2016 Karin Leder, Martin P
    Zika beyond the Americas: Travelers as sentinels of Zika virus transmission. A GeoSentinel analysis, 2012 to 2016 Karin Leder, Martin P. Grobusch, Philippe Gautret, Lin H. Chen, Susan Kuhn, Poh Lian Lim, Johnnie Yates, Anne E. Mccarthy, Camilla Rothe, Yasuyuki Kato, et al. To cite this version: Karin Leder, Martin P. Grobusch, Philippe Gautret, Lin H. Chen, Susan Kuhn, et al.. Zika beyond the Americas: Travelers as sentinels of Zika virus transmission. A GeoSentinel analysis, 2012 to 2016. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2017, 12 (10), 10.1371/journal.pone.0185689. hal-01730465 HAL Id: hal-01730465 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01730465 Submitted on 13 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License RESEARCH ARTICLE Zika beyond the Americas: Travelers as sentinels of Zika virus transmission. A GeoSentinel analysis, 2012 to 2016. Karin Leder1,2*, Martin P. Grobusch3, Philippe Gautret4, Lin H. Chen5,6, Susan Kuhn7, Poh Lian Lim8,9, Johnnie Yates10, Anne E. McCarthy11,12, Camilla Rothe13, Yasuyuki Kato14, Emmanuel Bottieau15, Kristina Huber16, Eli Schwartz17,18, William Stauffer19, Denis Malvy20, Marc T.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Variation in Travel-Related Illness Acquired in Africa, March 1997–May 2011 Marc Mendelson, Pauline V
    RESEARCH Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa, March 1997–May 2011 Marc Mendelson, Pauline V. Han, Peter Vincent, Frank von Sonnenburg, Jakob P. Cramer, Louis Loutan, Kevin C. Kain, Philippe Parola, Stefan Hagmann, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Mark Sotir, and Patricia Schlagenhauf, for the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network1 To understand geographic variation in travel-related frica is a popular tourist destination and a focus for illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the Ainternational aid work, research, and business travel. GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze In 2011, compared with 2010, international arrivals on the records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a African continent remained relatively stable at ≈50 mil- 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly lion, although the number of travelers to northern Africa reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile decreased by 1.7 million (9%) and travel to sub-Saharan illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; Africa increased by 1.3 million (4%) travelers (1). Identifi- these deaths occurred mainly among male business trav- cation of the types and relative frequencies of illnesses ac- elers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied quired by travelers to Africa would enable targeted preven- substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers tion strategies before and during travel, as well as diagnosis returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, and management of illness in returnees. strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Previously described as “the Dark Continent,” refer- Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • This Is the Published Version of a Paper
    http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a paper published in Global health action. Citation for the original published paper (version of record): Sessions, O., Khan, K., Hou, Y., Meltzer, E., Quam, M. et al. (2013) Exploring the origin and potential for spread of the 2013 dengue outbreak in Luanda, Angola. Global health action, 6: 21822 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.21822 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85590 æORIGINAL ARTICLE Exploring the origin and potential for spread of the 2013 dengue outbreak in Luanda, Angola October M. Sessions1*, Kamran Khan2, Yan’an Hou1, Eyal Meltzer3,4, Mikkel Quam5, Eli Schwartz3, Duane J. Gubler1 and Annelies Wilder-Smith6,7 1Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS, Singapore; 2Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 3Center for Geographic Medicine and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; 4Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; 5Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; 6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; 7Epidemiology and Global Health, University of Umea, Umea, Sweden Introduction: Dengue in Africa is underreported. Simultaneous reports of travellers with dengue returning from Luanda, Angola, to six countries on four continents suggest that a major dengue outbreak is currently occurring in Angola, South West Africa. Methods: To identify the origin of the imported dengue virus, we sequenced the virus from Angola and investigated the interconnectivity via air travel between dengue-endemic countries and Angola.
    [Show full text]