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Borrelia Garinii and Rickettsia Monacensis in Ixodes Ricinus Ticks

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Borrelia Garinii and Rickettsia Monacensis in Ixodes Ricinus Ticks LETTERS light the country’s potential role in the 5. Sessions OM, Khan K, Hou Y, Meltzer E, Borrelia garinii global circulation of DENV. Quam M, Schwartz E, et al. Exploring the origin and potential for spread of the 2013 and Rickettsia Our findings are corroborated by dengue outbreak in Luanda, Angola. Glob a recently reported case of dengue in Health Action. 2013;6:21822. monacensis in a traveler from Portugal that was ac- 6. ProMed-mail. Dengue—Angola (06), Ixodes ricinus quired in Luanda concomitantly with update [cited 2014 Mar 20]. http://www. promedmail.org, article no. 1824865. Ticks, Algeria our cases and also found to be caused 7. Nunes MR, Faria NR, Vasconcelos HB, by DENV-4 (10). In light of the ap- Medeiros DB, Silva de Lima CP, To the Editor: Lyme disease Carvalho VL, et al. Phylogeography of parent introduction of DENV-4 to (Lyme borreliosis) is caused by a Angola, probably from Brazil, health dengue virus serotype 4, Brazil, 2010–2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:1858–64. http:// group of related spirochetes (Borrelia authorities should be encouraged to dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1811.120217 burgdorferi sensu lato) that include enhance surveillance and vector con- 8. Saluzzo JF, Cornet M, Castagnet P, ≥11 species (1). In northern Africa, Rey C, Digoutte JP. Isolation of den- trol efforts. In addition, health prac- the main vector of Lyme disease in titioners treating travelers returning gue 2 and dengue 4 viruses from pa- tients in Senegal. Trans R Soc Trop Europe (Ixodes ricinus ticks) is also from Angola should be aware of the Med Hyg. 1986;80:5. http://dx.doi. present, and this disease has been sus- risk for DENV infection. org/10.1016/0035-9203(86)90182-3 pected to be present in this region of 9. Teixeira MG, Siqueira JB Jr, Ferreira GL, Africa (2). Twenty-one cases of Lyme Eyal Meltzer,1 Yaniv Lustig,1 Bricks L, Joint G. Epidemiological trends disease were reported in Algiers, Al- Ora Glichinsky, Florian Steiner, of dengue disease in Brazil (2000–2010): a systematic literature search and analysis. geria, during 1996–1999 (3). How- and Eli Schwartz PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7:e2520. http:// ever, these cases were diagnosed by Author affiliations: The Chaim Sheba Medi- dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002520 detection of only serum antibodies cal Center Department of Medicine ‘C’ 10. Parreira R, Centeno-Lima S, Lopes A, Portugal-Calisto D, Constantino A, against B. burgdorferi by ELISA with- and Center for Geographic Medicine, Tel Nina J. Dengue virus serotype 4 and chi- out confirmation by Western blotting. Hashomer, Israel (E. Meltzer, E. Schwartz); kungunya virus coinfection in a traveller I. ricinus ticks are also known Tel Aviv University Sackler School of returning from Luanda, Angola, January to harbor spotted fever group rickett- Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel (E. Meltzer, E. 2014. Euro Surveill. 2014;19:pii:20730. siae, including Rickettsia monacensis, Schwartz); Ministry of Health Central which was detected in Algeria in 2009 Virology Laboratory, Tel Hashomer Address for correspondence: Eli Schwartz, (4). This rickettsia has been recently (Y. Lustig, O. Glichinsky; and Institute of The Center for Geographic Medicine and identified as a human pathogen in Tropical Medicine and International Health, Department of Medicine C, The Chaim Sheba Spain and Italy (5). Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621 Israel; To investigate Lyme disease and Germany (F. Steiner) email: [email protected] tickborne rickettsioses transmitted by DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2010.140609 Table of Contents I. ricinus ticks in northeastern Alge- Emailed to you ria, we collected ticks by using the flag References method in El Ghora (Bougous, El Tarf) (36°39′34″N, 8°22′10″E). Ectopara- 1. Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL, sites were collected in March 2012 and et al. The global distribution and burden of identified to genus and species by using dengue. Nature. 2013;496:504–7. http:// taxonomic morphologic keys (6). dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12060 Total genomic DNA was isolated 2. Were F. The dengue situation in Africa. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2012;32 Suppl by using the QIAamp Tissue Kit (QIA- 1:18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/20469 GEN, Hilden, Germany) and BioRobot 04712Z.00000000048 EZ1 (QIAGEN) as described by the 3. Schwartz E, Meltzer E, Mendelson M, manufacturer. DNA was used as tem- Tooke A, Steiner F, Gautret P, et al. Detection on four continents of dengue plate for quantitative real-time PCR. fever cases related to an ongoing outbreak We used the RKND03 system, which is in Luanda, Angola, March to May 2013. specific for the gltA gene of Rickettsia Euro Surveill. 2013;18:pii:20488. spp. (7), and the Bor16S system, which 4. Ongoing dengue epidemic—Angola, June 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. GovDelivery is specific for the rrs gene of Borrelia 2013;62:504–7. Manage your email alerts so you only spp. (8). Real-time PCRs were per- receive content of interest to you. formed by using the CFX96 Real Time 1 These authors contributed equally to this Sign up for an Online Subscription: System C1000 Touch Thermal Cycler wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/subscribe.htm article. (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Singapore). 1776 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 20, No. 10, October 2014 LETTERS Positive results were confirmed We have detected B. garinii, a Université, Marseille, France (H. Leulmi, by using a standard PCR specific for cause of Lyme disease, in Algeria in I. D. Raoult, P. Parola); and Université de the ompA gene of Rickettsia spp. and ricinus ticks by using a standard PCR Boumerdes, Boumerdes, Algeria (I. Bitam) the 16S rRNA and flaB genes of Bor- and sequencing methods. We also con- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2010.140265 relia spp. (8). We used bacteria-free firmed the presence of R. monacensis DNA of Rhipicephalus sanguineus in this country. References ticks reared in our laboratory colonies Borrelia spp. have been detected as a negative control and DNA of B. in I. ricinus ticks in Tunisia and Mo- 1. Stanek G, Wormser GP, Gray J, Strle F. crocidurae and R. montanensis, which rocco (2,9), and B. lusitaniae was Lyme borreliosis. Lancet. 2012;379:461– 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 are not known to be associated with I. found to be predominant (97% of Bor- (11)60103-7 ricinus ticks, as a positive control. relia spp. in Tunisia and 93% in Mo- 2. Bouattour A, Ghorbel A, Chabchoub A, PCR amplification was verified rocco). However, B. garinii was also Postic D. Lyme borreliosis situation in by electrophoresis of products on present (2,9,10). In Tunisia, 1/16 I. north Africa [in French]. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis. 2004;81:13–20. 2% agarose gels. Products were pu- ricinus ticks were positive for B. ga- 3. Alem A, Hadji N. Clinico-serologic study rified by using a NucleoFast 96 PCR rinii (2,9). In Morocco, 3 (3.6%) of of Lyme disease in Algeria (1996–1999) plate (Macherey-Nagel EURL, Ho- 82 were positive for B. burgdorferi [in French]. Arch Inst Pasteur Alger. erdt, France) as recommended by the sensu stricto and 3 (3.6%) of 82 were 1999;63:49–58. 4. Dib L, Bitam I, Bensouilah M, manufacturer. Purified PCR products positive for B. garinii (9). However, in Parola P, Raoult D. First description of were sequenced by using the same these studies, Borrelia spp.were iden- Rickettsia monacensis in Ixodes rici- primers as for a standard PCR and the tified by using restriction fragment nus in Algeria. Clin Microbiol Infect. BigDye version 1–1 Cycle Ready Re- length polymorphism analysis (2,9). 2009;15(Suppl 2):261–2. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1469- 0691.2008.02277.x action Sequencing Mixture (Applied B. garinii is the most neurotropic 5. Parola P, Paddock CD, Socolovschi C, Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) in of the genospecies of B. burgdorferi Labruna MB, Mediannikov O, Kernif T, the ABI 31000 automated sequencer sensu lato; it causes meningopolyneu- et al. Update on tick-borne rickettsioses (Applied Biosystems). Sequences ritis and, rarely, encephalomyelitis (1). around the world: a geographic approach. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26:657–702. were assembled and analyzed by us- Clinicians need to be aware of the prev- http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00032-13 ing ChromasPro version 1.34 software alence of this bacterium in Algeria. Our 6. Estrada-Pena A, Bouattour A, Camicas JL, (Technelysium Pty. Ltd., Tewantin, results help clarify the epidemiology Walker AR. Ticks of domestic animals in Queensland, Australia). of B. garinii in Algeria. R. monacensis the Mediterranean region, a guide to iden- tification of species. Zaragoza (Spain); Ninety-four ticks were collected is an agent of tickborne diseases that University of Zaragoza; 2004. by using the dragging method; these was detected in Algeria in 2009 (4). 7. Socolovschi C, Mediannikov O, Sokhna C, ticks belonged to 2 species: 85.1% The few cases that have been described Tall A, Diatta G, Bassene H, et al. Rickettsia (80/174) were I. ricinus ricks (43 fe- were characterized by influenza-like felis–associated uneruptive fever, Senegal. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16:1140–2. http:// males, 22 males, and 15 nymphs) and symptoms, fever, an inoculation eschar, dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1607.100070 14.9% (14/94) were Rh. sanguineus and a generalized rash (5). 8. Socolovschi C, Kernif T, Raoult D, Parola P. adult ticks (11 females and 3 males). In northern Africa, the risk areas Borrelia, Rickettsia, and Ehrlichia spe- We screened only the 80 I.
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