DOCSLIB.ORG

Anatomical Analysis of Origin, Branching Pattern and Variations of Subclavian Arteries in Human Cadavers’’

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Dissertation on “ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF ORIGIN, BRANCHING PATTERN AND VARIATIONS OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES IN HUMAN CADAVERS’’ Submitted to THE TAMILNADU Dr. M. G. R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Chennai – 600 032 In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of DOCTOR OF MEDICINE IN ANATOMY BRANCH - XXIII Submitted by Register Number: 201733351 KARPAGA VINAYAGA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH CENTRE MADHURANTHAGAM TAMILNADU MAY 2020 1 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that “ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF ORIGIN, BRANCHING PATTEREN AND VARIATIONS of SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES IN HUMAN CADAVERS’’ is a bonafide work of Dr. T.N.Pavazhakkurinji, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.D Anatomy (Branch-XXIII) examination of The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University to be held on May 2020. Dr. T.L.Anbumani., M.D., M.S Dr. Sufala Sunil Vishwas Rao., MD Vice Principal and Principal, Head of the Department, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Department of Anatomy, Medical Sciences and Research Centre Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Madhuranthagam. Sciences and Research Centre Madhuranthagam. 2 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that “ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF ORIGIN, BRANCHING PATTEREN AND VARIATIONS of SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES IN HUMAN CADAVERS’’ is a bonafide work of Dr.T.N.Pavazhakkurinji in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.D Anatomy (Branch-XXIII) examination of The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University to be held on May 2020. Dr. T.L.Anbumani, M.D., M.S Head of the Department, Professor and Guide, Department of Anatomy, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre. Madhuranthagam. 3 DECLARATION I, Dr.T.N.Pavazhakkurinji hereby declare that this dissertation “ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF ORIGIN, BRANCHING PATTEREN AND VARIATIONS OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES IN HUMAN CADAVERS’’ is a presentation of my own work and that it has not been submitted anywhere for any award. Wherever contributions of others are involved, every effort is made to indicate this clearly, with due reference to literature and discussions. This work was done under the guidance of Professor Dr. T.L.Anbumani, MD., M.S., at Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Madhuranthagam. Candidate’s Name: Dr. T.N.Pavazhakkurinji Candidate’s signature: Date: In the capacity as guide for the candidate’s dissertation work, I certify that the above statements are true to the best of my knowledge. Dr.T.L.Anbumani. MD., M.S., Head of Department, Professor and Guide, Department of Anatomy, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Madhuranthagam 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all I would like to thank our beloved Professor T.L.Anbumani M.D, M.S., Vice principal and Head of the department for guiding and supporting me over the years. You have set an example of excellence as a Mentor, Instructor and Role model. I would like to express my sincere and heartfelt Gratitude to respected Managing director Prof.Dr.R.Annamalai M.S. and Dr.Sufala Sunil Vishwas Rao M.D. for permitting and extending their valuable support in conducting the study. I would like to thank Dr.A.Thamari selvi M.D. Assistant Professor for all of her guidance throughout this process; her discussions, ideas and feedback have been absolutely invaluable. My sincere thanks to all the Faculty Members in the Department of anatomy for their valuable guidance and support during this study. I would like to thank my Fellow graduate students, Technicians and supporting staffs who contributed to this study. I am very grateful to all of you. My sincere thanks to my family members and friends for their moral support given in all the time in completing this dissertation. 5 CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE TITLE NO. NO. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. AIM AND OBJECTIVES 14 3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 15 4. MATERIAL AND METHODS 43 5. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS 45 6. DISCUSSION 74 7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 90 BIBLIOGRAPHY 95 ANNEXURES 110 a) PLAGIARISM ANALYSIS REPORT 111 b) PLAGIARISM SCREEN SHOT REPORT 112 c) DR.MGR MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 113 PLAGIARISM VERIFIED GUIDE CERTIFICATE d) INSTITUTIONAL ETHICAL COMMITTEE 114 APPROVAL CERTIFICATE e) ABBREVIATIONS 115 6 INDEX FOR TABLES 7 INDEX FOR TABLES TABLE PAGE TITLE NO. NO. 1. NUMBER OF BRANCHES OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY 45 2. NUMBER OF BRANCHES OF FIRST PART OF 46 SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY 3. ORIGIN OF VERTEBRAL ARTERY 47 4. LEVEL OF VERTEBRAL ARTERY ENTREING 47 TRANSVERSE FORAMINA 5. ORIGIN OF INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERY 48 6. NUMBER OF BRANCHES OF THYROCERVICAL 52 TRUNK 7. ORIGIN OF INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY 56 8. RELATION OF RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE TO 57 INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY 9. PRESENCE /ABSENCE OF TRANSVERSE CERVICAL 59 ARTERY 10. ORIGIN OF SUPRASCAPULAR ARTERY 60 11. BRANCHES OF COSTOCERVICAL TRUNK 64 12. PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF BRANCHES IN THIRD PART 65 OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY 13. ORIGIN OF DORSAL SCAPULAR ARTERY 65 14. RELATION OF DORSAL SCPAULAR ARTERY WITH 67 BRACHIAL PLEXUS 15. COMPARISON OF VERTEBRAL ARTERY ORIGIN 75 8 INDEX FOR CHARTS FIGURE PAGE TITLE NO. NO 1 PERCENTAGE OF BRANCHES OF SUBCLAVIAN 46 ARETRY 2. PERCENTAGE OF BRANCHES OF THYROCERVICAL 52 TRUNK 3. PERCENTAGE OF RELATION OF RECURRENT 57 LARYNGEAL NERVE WITH INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY. 4. PERCENTAGE OF TRANSVERSE CERVICAL ARTERY 59 PRESENCE AND ABSENCE 5. ORIGIN OF SUPRASCAPULAR ARTERY 61 6. PERCENTAGE OF DORSAL SCAPULAR ARTERY 67 ORIGIN 7. RELATION OF DORSAL SCAPULAR ARTERY WITH 69 BRACHIAL PLEXUS 8. COMPARATIVE CHART OF VERTEBRAL ARTERY 76 ORIGIN 9. COMAPARTIVE CHART OF ORIGIN OF INTERNAL 78 THORACIC ARTERY FROM THYROCERVICAL TRUNK 10. COMPARATIVE CHART OF THYROCERVICAL 80 TRUNK HAVING TWO BRANCHES 11. COMPARATIVE CHART OF RELATION OF 82 RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE WITH INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY 9 FIGURE PAGE TITLE NO. NO 12. COMPARATIVE CHART ON ORIGIN OF 83 TRANSVERSE CERVICAL ARTERY FROM THYROCERVICAL TRUNK 13. COMPARATIVE CHART FOR VARIOUS ORIGIN OF 85 SUPRASCAPULAR ARTERY 14. COMPARATIVE CHART FOR ABSENCE OF DEEP 86 CERVICAL ARTERY 15. COMPARATIVE CHART OF ORIGIN OF DORSAL 88 SCAPULAR ARTERY 16 MASTER CHART 70-73 10 INDEX FOR FIGURES FIGURE PAGE TITLE NO. NO 1. ORIGIN OF VERTEBRAL ARTERY FROM ARCH OF 49 AORTA 2. INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERY ORIGIN FROM 50 THYROCERVICAL TRUNK 3. THYROCERVICAL TRUNK WITH TWO BRANCHES 53 4. THYROCREVICAL TRUNK WITH FIVE BRANCHES 54 5. ABSENCE OF THYROCERVICAL TRUNK 55 6. RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE BETWEEN THE 58 BRANCHES OF INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY 7. SUPRASCAPULAR ARTERY ORIGINATING FROM 62 THIRD PART OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY 8. SUPRASCAPULAR ARTERY FROM AXILLARY 63 ARTERY 9. DORSAL SCAPULAR ARTERY FROM CERVICO 66 SCAPULAR TRUNK 10. DORSAL SCAPULAR ARTERY BELOW THE TRUNKS 68 OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS 11 CHAPTER – I INTRODUCTION SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY AND ITS BRANCHES 12 INTRODUCTION The human body itself have countless difference in structure and many of these variations have been documented in anatomical literature. One such structure is subclavian artery and its arterial branches originating from it. Subclavian artery and its branches reside in compact and complex anatomical space. Subclavian artery’s such location makes it difficult exposure during surgery. Also there is much uncertainty and variability in literature of subclavian artery. With recent increase in the use of CT, MRI and angiography it has been pointed that accurate understanding of morphology of normal subclavian artery, and its ramifications are essential for accurate diaganosis1. Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle are frequently used as musculocutaneous flap in reconstructive surgery. These muscles are supplied by branches of subclavian artery, but the literatures on these arteries are limited2.For these purpose a study is conducted for origin, ramification of subclavian artery. In the root of neck the key orienting structure is Scalenus anterior muscle. It arises from anterior Tubercles of cervical vertebrae C3-C6 and inserted into scalene tubercle on superior aspect of first rib. The main vascular trunks to head and neck and upper extremity enter root of neck. 13 The aorta is largest artery in human body. The aorta arises from left ventricle of heart to deliver oxygenated blood. It is divided into ascending aorta, arch of aorta, and descending aorta. The ascending aorta runs superiorly from its origin to the arch of aorta at the level of T4-T5. The arch of aorta is located in superior mediastinum, progressing posterior to posterior mediastinum as descending aorta. The common branching pattern of aortic arch in human consists of three vessels, Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and subclavian artery. Vascular anomalies occur as a failure in the congenital development of primordial aortic arch3. These aortic vessels are important in providing vascularisation to the head and neck region. Occlusion of these vessels may lead to impairment of neurological functioning. Origin of Subclavian artery On right side subclavian artery arise from brachiocephalic trunk behind right sternoclavicular joint. On left side it arises from arch of aorta. Each subclavian artery divided into three parts by scalenus anterior muscle. Scalenus anterior muscle originates from C3 to C6 vertebrae, inserted into scalene tubercle present in first rib positioned anterior to subclavian artery. Scalenus anterior muscle divides the artery into three parts. First part extends from origin to medial border of scalenus anterior. Second part behind the muscle. Third part extends from lateral border of scalenus anterior to outer border of first rib. First part of 14 both side have separate description and relation .C5 –T1 nerve roots of brachial plexus originate from cervical transverse foramina of C5-C7 and T1,anterior primary rami of these roots unite to form upper, middle and lower trunks. Lower trunks is closely associated with Subclavian artery.4 First part: Right subclavian artery arises from right brachiocephalic trunk. The relation are in front by superficial fascia, platysma, deep fascia, clavicular origin of sternocleido mastoid, sternohyoid, sterno thyroid.Subclavian artery crossed by internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, subclavian loop of sympathetic trunk.
Recommended publications
  • ANGIOGRAPHY of the UPPER EXTREMITY Printed in the Netherlands by Koninklijke Drukkerij G.J.Thieme Bv, Nijmegen ANGIOGRAPHY of the UPPER EXTREMITY

    ANGIOGRAPHY of the UPPER EXTREMITY Printed in the Netherlands by Koninklijke Drukkerij G.J.Thieme Bv, Nijmegen ANGIOGRAPHY of the UPPER EXTREMITY

    1 f - h-' ^^ ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY Printed in The Netherlands by Koninklijke drukkerij G.J.Thieme bv, Nijmegen ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor in de Geneeskunde aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magni- ficus Dr. A. A. H. Kassenaar, Hoogleraar in de faculteit der Geneeskunde, volgens besluit van het college van dekanen te verdedigen op donderdag 6 mei 1982 te klokke 15.15 uur DOOR BLAGOJA K. JANEVSKI geborcn 8 februari 1934 te Gradsko, Joegoslavie MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS THE HAGUE - BOSTON - LONDON 1982 PROMOTOR: Prof. Dr. A. E. van Voorthuisen REPERENTEN: Prof. Dr. J. M. F. LandLandsmees r 1 Prof. Dr. J. L. Terpstra ! I Copyright © 1982 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro- duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the pub- lishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,P.O. Box 566,2501 CN The Hague, The Netherlands if ••»• 7b w^ wife Charlotte To Lucienne, Lidia and Dejan h {, ,;T1 ii-"*1 ™ ffiffp"!»3^>»'*!W^iyJiMBiaMMrar^ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was produced in the Department of Radiology, Sirit Annadal Hospital, Maastricht. i Case material: Prof. Dr. H. A. J. Lemmens, surgeon. Technical assistence: Miss J. Crijns, Mrs. A. Rousie-Panis, Miss A. Mordant and Miss H. Nelissen. Secretarial help: Mrs. M. Finders-Velraad and Miss Y. Bessems. Photography: Mr. C. Evers. Graphical illustrations: Mr. C. Voskamp. Correction English text: Dr.
  • Cervical Arterial Collateral Network References Reply: Reference Age

    Cervical Arterial Collateral Network References Reply: Reference Age

    Cervical Arterial Collateral Network Age and Gender Effects on Normal Regional Cerebral Purkayastha et al1 reported 3 cases of proatlantal intersegmental Blood Flow arteries of external carotid artery origin associated with Galen’s vein We read with great interest the article of Takahashi et al.1 The article malformation; however, because of their configuration, I believe that points out the use of 3D stereotactic surface projections (3D-SSP) to the 3 cases do not demonstrate this rare arterial variation, but rather study the age-effect on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The show collateral blood flow from the occipital artery (OA) to the ver- greatest rCBF reduction observed was in the bilateral anterior cingu- tebral artery (VA). In patients with a vein of Galen malformation, the late. Although we generally agree with the conclusions, we would like intra-arterial blood pressure in the VA is lower than that in the OA to emphasize some methodologic issues that may have had an impact because of blood steal phenomenon at the malformation. It is well on the obtained results. known that there is a cervical arterial collateral network between OA, In the study, 31 healthy volunteers between 50 and 79 years were classified in 3 different age classes (50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 years). VA, and the deep cervical artery arising from the subclavian artery.2 If Statistical analysis was performed 2 by 2 by using unpaired Student t test. one of these arteries is occluded, the remaining arteries and their Rather than considering age as a discrete variable, the analysis would have branches are dilated and supply the distal segment of the occluded been strengthened by performing a multivariate analysis based on the artery.
  • The Variations of the Subclavian Artery and Its Branches Ahmet H

    The Variations of the Subclavian Artery and Its Branches Ahmet H

    Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn., 76(5): 255-262, December, 1999 The Variations of the Subclavian Artery and Its Branches By Ahmet H. YUCEL, Emine KIZILKANAT and CengizO. OZDEMIR Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330 Balcali, Adana Turkey -Received for Publication, June 19,1999- Key Words: Subclavian artery, Vertebral artery, Arterial variation Summary: This study reports important variations in branches of the subclavian artery in a singular cadaver. The origin of the left vertebral artery was from the aortic arch. On the right side, no thyrocervical trunk was found. The two branches which normally originate from the thyrocervical trunk had a different origin. The transverse cervical artery arose directly from the subclavian artery and suprascapular artery originated from the internal thoracic artery. This variation provides a short route for posterior scapular anastomoses. An awareness of this rare variation is important because this area is used for diagnostic and surgical procedures. The subclavian artery, the main artery of the The variations of the subclavian artery and its upper extremity, also gives off the branches which branches have a great importance both in blood supply the neck region. The right subclavian arises vessels surgery and in angiographic investigations. from the brachiocephalic trunk, the left from the aortic arch. Because of this, the first part of the right and left subclavian arteries differs both in the Subjects origin and length. The branches of the subclavian artery are vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, This work is based on a dissection carried out in thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk and dorsal the Department of Anatomy in the Faculty of scapular artery.
  • Head & Neck Muscle Table

    Head & Neck Muscle Table

    Robert Frysztak, PhD. Structure of the Human Body Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine HEAD‐NECK MUSCLE TABLE PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION) Anterior floor of orbit lateral to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), inferior Abducts, elevates, and laterally Inferior oblique Lateral sclera deep to lateral rectus Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular nasolacrimal canal division rotates eyeball Inferior aspect of eyeball, posterior to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), inferior Depresses, adducts, and laterally Inferior rectus Common tendinous ring Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular corneoscleral junction division rotates eyeball Lateral aspect of eyeball, posterior to Lateral rectus Common tendinous ring Abducent nerve (CN VI) Abducts eyeball Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular corneoscleral junction Medial aspect of eyeball, posterior to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), inferior Medial rectus Common tendinous ring Adducts eyeball Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular corneoscleral junction division Passes through trochlea, attaches to Body of sphenoid (above optic foramen), Abducts, depresses, and medially Superior oblique superior sclera between superior and Trochlear nerve (CN IV) Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular medial to origin of superior rectus rotates eyeball lateral recti Superior aspect of eyeball, posterior to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), superior Elevates, adducts, and medially Superior rectus Common tendinous ring Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular the corneoscleral junction division
  • Complications Associated with Clavicular Fracture

    Complications Associated with Clavicular Fracture

    NOR200061.qxd 9/11/09 1:23 PM Page 217 Complications Associated With Clavicular Fracture George Mouzopoulos ▼ Emmanuil Morakis ▼ Michalis Stamatakos ▼ Mathaios Tzurbakis The objective of our literature review was to inform or- subclavian vein, due to its stable connection with the thopaedic nurses about the complications of clavicular frac- clavicle via the cervical fascia, can also be subjected to ture, which are easily misdiagnosed. For this purpose, we injuries (Casbas et al., 2005). Damage to the internal searched MEDLINE (1965–2005) using the key words clavicle, jugular vein, the suprascapular artery, the axillary, and fracture, and complications. Fractures of the clavicle are usu- carotid artery after a clavicular fracture has also been ally thought to be easily managed by symptomatic treatment reported (Katras et al., 2001). About 50% of injuries to the subclavian arteries are in a broad arm sling. However, it is well recognized that not due to fractures of the clavicle because the proximal all clavicular fractures have a good outcome. Displaced or part is dislocated superiorly by the sternocleidomas- comminuted clavicle fractures are associated with complica- toid, causing damage to the vessel (Sodhi, Arora, & tions such as subclavian vessels injury, hemopneumothorax, Khandelwal, 2007). If no injury happens during the ini- brachial plexus paresis, nonunion, malunion, posttraumatic tial displacement of the fractured part, then it is un- arthritis, refracture, and other complications related to os- likely to happen later, because the distal segment is dis- teosynthesis. Herein, we describe what the orthopaedic nurse placed downward and forward due to shoulder weight, should know about the complications of clavicular fractures.
  • Dr. Neelesh Kanasker Original Research Paper Anatomy Dr.Preeti

    Dr. Neelesh Kanasker Original Research Paper Anatomy Dr.Preeti

    Original Research Paper Volume - 11 | Issue - 04 | April - 2021 | PRINT ISSN No. 2249 - 555X | DOI : 10.36106/ijar Anatomy SURGICAL IMPORTANCE OF VARIABLE BRANCHING PATTERN OF THYROCERVICAL TRUNK IN NECK ROOT SURGERIES Dr. Neelesh Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital Kanasker and Research Center, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth , Pimpri Pune. Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Dr.Preeti Sonje* Research Center, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth , Pimpri Pune. *Corresponding Author Dr. P. Professor and Director Academics, Department of Anatomy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical Vatsalaswamy College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth , Pimpri Pune. ABSTRACT Objectives: Variations in the arteries of human body are important clinically as well as anatomically. Accurate knowledge and understanding of anomalous variations in the origin and course of arteries have serious implications in angiographic and surgical procedures hence it is of great importance to be aware of such possibilities of variations. Background and Results: Thyrocervical Trunk is short wide vessel arising from rst part of subclavian artery and divides into its three terminal branches i.e. Suprascapular, Inferior Thyroid and Transverse cervical artery. 30 formalin xed cadavers were dissected to study variations in Thyrocervical Trunk and its branches if any. Conclusion: Awareness of variations in the origin and branching pattern is of utmost importance during Doppler scanning of blood vessels for clinical diagnosis and surgical management and to avoid major complications in head and neck surgeries. KEYWORDS : Thyrocervical Trunk, Anomalous variations, Doppler scanning, Head and neck surgeries. INTRODUCTION anterior muscle and then arches medially at the level of C7 vertebra Subclavian artery is the artery of upper limb, but is supplies a between the vertebral vessels behind and carotid sheath in front.
  • A Functional Perspective on the Embryology and Anatomy of the Cerebral Blood Supply

    A Functional Perspective on the Embryology and Anatomy of the Cerebral Blood Supply

    Journal of Stroke 2015;17(2):144-158 http://dx.doi.org/10.5853/jos.2015.17.2.144 Review A Functional Perspective on the Embryology and Anatomy of the Cerebral Blood Supply Khaled Menshawi,* Jay P Mohr, Jose Gutierrez Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA The anatomy of the arterial system supplying blood to the brain can influence the develop- Correspondence: Jose Gutierrez ment of arterial disease such as aneurysms, dolichoectasia and atherosclerosis. As the arteries Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th supplying blood to the brain develop during embryogenesis, variation in their anatomy may Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA occur and this variation may influence the development of arterial disease. Angiogenesis, Tel: +1-212-305-1710 Fax: +1-212-305-3741 which occurs mainly by sprouting of parent arteries, is the first stage at which variations can E-mail: [email protected] occur. At day 24 of embryological life, the internal carotid artery is the first artery to form and it provides all the blood required by the primitive brain. As the occipital region, brain Received: December 18, 2014 Revised: February 26, 2015 stem and cerebellum enlarge; the internal carotid supply becomes insufficient, triggering the Accepted: February 27, 2015 development of the posterior circulation. At this stage, the posterior circulation consists of a primitive mesh of arterial networks that originate from projection of penetrators from the *This work was done while Mr. Menshawi was visiting research fellow at Columbia distal carotid artery and more proximally from carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses.
  • Arterial Supply to the Rotator Cuff Muscles

    Arterial Supply to the Rotator Cuff Muscles

    Int. J. Morphol., 32(1):136-140, 2014. Arterial Supply to the Rotator Cuff Muscles Suministro Arterial de los Músculos del Manguito Rotador N. Naidoo*; L. Lazarus*; B. Z. De Gama*; N. O. Ajayi* & K. S. Satyapal* NAIDOO, N.; LAZARUS, L.; DE GAMA, B. Z.; AJAYI, N. O. & SATYAPAL, K. S. Arterial supply to the rotator cuff muscles.Int. J. Morphol., 32(1):136-140, 2014. SUMMARY: The arterial supply to the rotator cuff muscles is generally provided by the subscapular, circumflex scapular, posterior circumflex humeral and suprascapular arteries. This study involved the bilateral dissection of the scapulohumeral region of 31 adult and 19 fetal cadaveric specimens. The subscapularis muscle was supplied by the subscapular, suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles were supplied by the suprascapular artery. The infraspinatus and teres minor muscles were found to be supplied by the circumflex scapular artery. In addition to the branches of these parent arteries, the rotator cuff muscles were found to be supplied by the dorsal scapular, lateral thoracic, thoracodorsal and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. The variations in the arterial supply to the rotator cuff muscles recorded in this study are unique and were not described in the literature reviewed. Due to the increased frequency of operative procedures in the scapulohumeral region, the knowledge of variations in the arterial supply to the rotator cuff muscles may be of practical importance to surgeons and radiologists. KEY WORDS: Arterial supply; Variations; Rotator cuff muscles; Parent arteries. INTRODUCTION (Abrassart et al.). In addition, the muscular parts of infraspinatus and teres minor muscles were supplied by the circumflex scapular artery while the tendinous parts of these The rotator cuff is a musculotendionous cuff formed muscles received branches from the posterior circumflex by the fusion of the tendons of four muscles – viz.
  • Comparing the Organs and Vasculature of the Head and Neck

    Comparing the Organs and Vasculature of the Head and Neck

    in vivo 31 : 861-871 (2017) doi:10.21873/invivo.11140 Comparing the Organs and Vasculature of the Head and Neck in Five Murine Species MIN JAE KIM 1* , YOO YEON KIM 2* , JANET REN CHAO 3, HAE SANG PARK 1,4 , JIWON CHANG 1,4 , DAWOON OH 5, JAE JUN LEE 4,6 , TAE CHUN KANG 7, JUN-GYO SUH 2 and JUN HO LEE 1,4 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; 3School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, U.S.A.; 4Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; 5Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Dongtan, Republic of Korea; 6Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; 7Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea Abstract. Background/Aim: The purpose of the present Unique morphological characteristics were demonstrated by study was to delineate the cervical and facial vascular and comparing the five species, including symmetry of the associated anatomy in five murine species, and compare common carotid origin bilaterally in the Mongolian Gerbil, them for optimal use in research studies focused on a large submandibular gland in the hamster and an enlarged understanding the pathology and treatment of diseases in buccal branch in the Guinea Pig. In reviewing the humans. Materials and Methods: The specific adult male anatomical details, this staining technique proves superior animals examined were mice (C57BL/6J), rats (F344), for direct surgical visualization and identification.
  • Ascending and Descending Thoracic Vertebral Arteries

    Ascending and Descending Thoracic Vertebral Arteries

    CLINICAL REPORT EXTRACRANIAL VASCULAR Ascending and Descending Thoracic Vertebral Arteries X P. Gailloud, X L. Gregg, X M.S. Pearl, and X D. San Millan ABSTRACT SUMMARY: Thoracic vertebral arteries are anastomotic chains similar to cervical vertebral arteries but found at the thoracic level. Descending thoracic vertebral arteries originate from the pretransverse segment of the cervical vertebral artery and curve caudally to pass into the last transverse foramen or the first costotransverse space. Ascending thoracic vertebral arteries originate from the aorta, pass through at least 1 costotransverse space, and continue cranially as the cervical vertebral artery. This report describes the angiographic anatomy and clinical significance of 9 cases of descending and 2 cases of ascending thoracic vertebral arteries. Being located within the upper costotransverse spaces, ascending and descending thoracic vertebral arteries can have important implications during spine inter- ventional or surgical procedures. Because they frequently provide radiculomedullary or bronchial branches, they can also be involved in spinal cord ischemia, supply vascular malformations, or be an elusive source of hemoptysis. ABBREVIATIONS: ISA ϭ intersegmental artery; SIA ϭ supreme intercostal artery; VA ϭ vertebral artery he cervical portion of the vertebral artery (VA) is formed by a bral arteria lusoria8-13 or persistent left seventh cervical ISA of Tseries of anastomoses established between the first 6 cervical aortic origin.14 intersegmental arteries (ISAs) and one of the carotid-vertebral This report discusses 9 angiographic observations of descend- anastomoses, the proatlantal artery.1-3 The VA is labeled a “post- ing thoracic VAs and 2 cases of ascending thoracic VAs. costal” anastomotic chain (ie, located behind the costal process of cervical vertebrae or dorsal to the rib itself at the thoracic level) to CASE SERIES emphasize its location within the transverse foramina.
  • The Rare Origin of the Suprascapular Artery Arising Off The

    The Rare Origin of the Suprascapular Artery Arising Off The

    eISSN 1308-4038 International Journal of Anatomical Variations (2011) 4: 182–184 Case Report The rare origin of the suprascapular artery arising off the internal thoracic artery in the presence of the thyrocervical trunk: clinical and surgical implications Published online December 2nd, 2011 © http://www.ijav.org Stavros ATSAS ABSTRACT Jacob N. FOX During routine dissection of the subclavian artery and its branches, the suprascapular artery was found arising from H. Wayne LAMBERT the proximal end of the internal thoracic artery in only the left side of a 68-year-old Caucasian male, despite the presence of the thyrocervical trunk on the ipsilateral side. The suprascapular artery ran deep to the proximal one- third of the clavicle then continued its usual course, running parallel to the suprascapular nerve and passing over the superior transverse scapular ligament distally. Knowledge of this variant origin of the suprascapular artery is clinically Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University School of Medicine, important because the internal thoracic artery is utilized for a majority of the 800,000 coronary artery bypass surgeries Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. performed worldwide each year. Its course deep to the clavicle is also significant due to clavicular fractures accounting for approximately 5-15% of adult bone fractures. © IJAV. 2011; 4: 182–184. Dr. H. Wayne Lambert, PhD Associate Professor West Virginia University School of Medicine Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy HSN 4052; P.O. Box 9128 Morgantown, WV, 26506-9128, USA. +1 304 293-0610 [email protected] Key words [anatomical variant] [suprascapular artery] [internal thoracic artery] [branches of subclavian artery] [thyrocervical trunk] [coronary bypass Received June 21st, 2011; accepted October 12th, 2011 surgery] [radical and modified neck dissections] Introduction In 2005, Weiglein et al.
  • Blood Supply to the Human Spinal Cord. I. Anatomy and Hemodynamics

    Blood Supply to the Human Spinal Cord. I. Anatomy and Hemodynamics

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by IUPUIScholarWorks Clinical Anatomy 00:00–00 (2013) REVIEW Blood Supply to the Human Spinal Cord. I. Anatomy and Hemodynamics 1 1 2 1 ANAND N. BOSMIA , ELIZABETH HOGAN , MARIOS LOUKAS , R. SHANE TUBBS , AND AARON A. COHEN-GADOL3* 1Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 2Department of Anatomic Sciences, St. George’s University School of Medicine, St. George’s, Grenada 3Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana The arterial network that supplies the human spinal cord, which was once thought to be similar to that of the brain, is in fact much different and more extensive. In this article, the authors attempt to provide a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the anatomy and known hemodynamics of the blood supply to the human spinal cord. Additionally, as the medical litera- ture often fails to provide accurate terminology for the arteries that supply the cord, the authors attempt to categorize and clarify this nomenclature. A com- plete understanding of the morphology of the arterial blood supply to the human spinal cord is important to anatomists and clinicians alike. Clin. Anat. 00:000–000, 2013. VC 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Key words: spinal cord; vascular supply; anatomy; nervous system INTRODUCTION (segmental medullary) arteries and posterior radicular (segmental medullary) arteries, respectively (Thron, Gillilan (1958) stated that Adamkiewicz carried out 1988). The smaller radicular arteries branch from the and published in 1881 and 1882 the first extensive spinal branch of the segmental artery (branch) of par- study on the blood vessels of the spinal cord, and that ent arteries such as the vertebral arteries, ascending his work and a study of 29 human spinal cords by and deep cervical arteries, etc.