ICPM-2012. Crisis Management in the Time of Changing World

Natural Disaster Reduction, Aid Ability Construction Research—Based on analysis of province

Zhao Lijiang1, Wang Xiaoxu2 1,2School of Public Management,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, , ,430073 (E-mail:[email protected];[email protected])

Abstract urbanization process, human activities on the environment of the intervention is not Hubei province is natural disasters occurrence reasonable increase, although natural disaster areas, the ability to withstand natural disasters reduction of relief is increasing, the frequency is very weak in rural areas，basic undefended. of natural disasters shows a trend of increase This paper sets up the disaster prevention and for the past ten years ,so as the disaster loss. mitigation and disaster emergency assistance in The flood disasters of river in 1998. Hubei province as the starting point, Because of elnino and la Nina weather, the summarizes rural disaster emergency aid climate is unusual, the Yangtze river happened practice of Hubei province in recent years, a whole basin flood since 1954, the upper explore the optimization way of rural natural Yangtze river successively appeared 8 times disaster relief ability construction in central flood peak. The high level and high frequency China of local government. Puts forward of flood peak, the long time of high water level policy advices of rural disaster prevention and are all unprecedented. It affected 73 counties, mitigation disaster emergency assistance . 1357 towns, 14 cities. 2.32 million people are Keywords: Natural Disaster, Aid Ability, trapped, 2.42 million people are emergency Sustainable Livelihood transferred ， 528 people are killed, 504100 houses are collapsed; 14616 enterprise are 1. Introduction stopped production and production ; one railroad is broken for 2 hours; 1217 highway Hubei province is located in the middle area of are interrupted . Yangtze river, Yangtze river and hanjiang river 2011 is the year of all kinds of disasters. go through the whole province, and there are Hubei province has suffer from freeze at a low many rivers and lakes, known as “the province temperature, drought, floods, FengBao, of thousands lakes ”, "the flood corridor" . In landslides, earthquake etc. All kinds of the background of global climate change, the disasters affected 29.2605 million people, 63 chance of extreme weather events increases, people are died because of the plague, 17 flood, drought, high temperature, low people are missing, emergency shelters for temperature freezing rain and snow heat displaced 476400 people; 2.57334 million increase which are result in precipitation hectares crops are affected of which 224680 uneven distribution, the temperature changes. hectares crops; 41400 rooms are poured, Heavy rainfall lead to severe geological 164000 houses are damaged; 1.8 million disasters such as landslides triggered, landslide people once appear difficulties water; by Direct and debris flow. Along with the change of economic loss of 22.858 billion yuan. motion of the earth's crust, the risk of earthquake disaster is rising, global climate change, abnormal sexual weather increase. At the same time, because of the acceleration of

© 2012. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 389

Disaster Affect Population Population Area of Agricultural Houses Damaged Econo name people of died & of affected crops area collapsed houses mic missing emergency crops loss transferred Total 2926.06 63 47.69 2573.34 224.69 11488 164036 228.59 Drought 1701.19 0 0.36 1300.46 44.41 0 0 87.75 Flood 1038.87 48 43.98 948.28 124.96 34868 94279 115.02 Wind&hai 267.46 12 1.38 236.8 36.55 3698 57852 12.95 Earthquak 8.35 0 0.92 0 0 251 10397 1.72 snowstorm 372.2 0 0.96 194.09 17.68 2336 6375 9.63 Landslides 0.33 0 0.07 0.42 0.25 195 174 1.12 Others 16.5 3 0.02 16.77 1.78 140 2279 0.39

Table1: Different kinds of disaster statistics in 2011 of whole province The above analysis shows that the focus on rural areas, the farmer's house, crop occurrence of natural disasters frequency loss is bigger. The task of natural disaster increases, the influence of the population will reduction in rural areas is difficult.

As so far, the government have complete the 2. The analysis of reasons and capacity system of preventing plans for counties 、 building of disaster mitigation and relief in country towns and villages. However, there are the rural areas in Hubei province some problems in the publicizing and rehearsing. Excepting lacking efforts on the It is a comprehensive skill of the government publicizing and rehearsing,the installtions of to do with the disaster mitigation and relief in hardware are not enough and the installtions at the rural areas. With the hope of more happy the emergency place are not enough and the life , people demand the government to marks are not clear,necessary emergency develop the ability of management and service supplies are not enough. level, in the rural areas, there are some weak 2.3. Emphsising the construction of the parts of doing with the disaster mitigation and proffesional disaster urgent team, ignoring relif in the rural areas, so there are some space the mobilization of the private aid groups for the government's ability to develop. 2.1.Value relief more than reduce nature It has'nt thoroughly called up for the urgent disaster natural disaster troops .what they can do is to deal with some normal natural disasters for the Goverments at different levels all think that it's department of functions like local police, more important to relief disater than to firemen, millitary police, etc. However, it is far decrease the disater; and the press often more enough to meet the demand of dealing concentrate on the urgency of assisting with with heavy natural disasters, especially for few press about the work of avoiding the heavy serious disasters. because of lacking the disater in the common life, so the government necessary rescue knowledge ,many people like often invest much money on the giving disaster reserve service unit ,basic level relief than reducing natural disasters. During militia,community voluteers, Women the plan of eleventh five, Jiayu county in Hubei Federation,T he Youth League, they cannot province has recived 23.64 million RMB function well,on the other hands, the people without money specializing on avoiding and can't meet the urgency because of the lack of reducing natural disater. traing. 2.2. Pay attention to plan despise drill 2.4. Depending on the experience too much, I gnoring the effect of technology.

390 The monitoring and warning of the possible reconstruction, recovery capability, funds and disasters largly depons on the experience of the material reserve capacity. disaster prevention personnel. it may not reach 3.1 Improving local government's disaster the expected result, if the ignoring the effect of authentication and communication ability technology ,on the contrary, just depending on the experience. 3.1.1 Unity caliber of disaster report, 2.5. The standard of disaster relief cannot construction of share platform of disaster meet the demands of the actual needs of the information victims. For the semi natural half man-made fire, give relief fund grant. it is found that, from the The problem displays the these aspects: the Enshi state research, due to custom culture, non-coodinate of the disaster relief standard eating habits and harsh weather, together with and the rising price;the large difference of the the civil construction of the house, the majority disaster relief standard in different regions ,or of ethnic minority area especially the in the same areas but not the same years; the mountainous area, the residents in the home relief fund cannot cover all the victims from all fire, bacon is extremely easy to cause fire. Fire of their demands ;some relif standard just don't has become poverty important factors of rural adjust to the developing society; besides, some households, especially the civil housing unfair phenomena in the rescuing occurs; the structure, brick-wood structure, structure relief funds cannot issue timely, etc. difficult family housing collapse, destroying, tolls, and tolls returning. 3 Enhancing the ability of prevention, Establish accurate, rapid disaster reduction and deliverance of natural information transmission platform. Change disaster in rural area with regional informational segmentation and congestion. characteristics use modern means of communication and computer management system, establish The prevention, reduction and deliverance of natural disaster relief short message service natural disaster in rural area is a complex platform, the information mobile phone system engineering, and it put forward an number to be included in the county of natural important challenge to the local government's disaster relief disaster information short management ability。Local government is not message service platform, requirement member only the guide and driver of local economic 24 hours mobile phone contact flow. construction, political change and social 3.1.2 Training of Professional disaster management, but also the planners, leaders, information team members managers and actors of natural disaster's Accelerate the disaster information prevention, reduction and salvation. The occupation skill training process, to ensure government ability is the summation of energy the province, city, state, county, township and and power to effectively manage the society, village's professionals construction at all owned by some government organizations with levels. Ensure that the provincial advanced public powers, in order to maintain the stability disaster information division ( country and further development of the organization occupation qualification level), disaster and complete the tasks and goals of the information division ( country occupation organization. The construction of Natural qualification level two ), municipal advanced disaster emergency rescue ability contains the disaster information (country occupation material input, system construction, qualification level three ); state, county organization activity and continuous personnel intermediate disaster information (country training, all these can improve the abilities to occupation qualification level Four ); resist the natural disaster of the government, Township, village has a primary hazard organizations, individuals and society。as for information technician (country occupation the government, the construction of natural qualification level five ) of the five levels of disaster emergency rescue ability is to improve knowledge, skills in architecture. Through disaster authentication, information scientific online examination platform (see communication, emergency response ,the Figure 9), overall planning, co-ordination, mobilization and organization ability, strategic integrating and optimizing personnel foresight, system construction, disaster structure, then realize the coordinate

391 development of disaster rescue and relief personnel and experts team. Sequence area Appraisal station and Total The number of Appraiser and evalua tea number the construction of correspo holder tion che the unit staff rs ndents 2009 2010 2011 total

Civil administration occupation skill appraisal station Hub 17 twenty-eighth 31092 17 83 1412 1512 6 1 ei ( Wuhan Vocational College of Civil Administration)

Table 2: the basic information of Hubei provincial civil affairs system’s disaster information occupation skill training and identification work (Source: the People’s Republic of China Ministry of civil affairs http://www.mca.gov.cn/) 3.1.3 Constructed information network from referred to as" the third road". Social capital central to local disaster refers to the social personal connections of Establish government shared information relationship between social network and the database at all levels up and down through. resulting mutual benefit and mutual trust norms. Change the lag of information management The classical theory of social capital gives us system to improve the current situation, important enlightenment. meteorological disasters, geological disasters 3.2.1 Militia, Women's federations and Youth forecast level. Establish real time disaster League play roles in traditional rural across agencies reported linkage system, break organization the barriers of information. Integrate various The militia, Communist Youth League, types of emergency processing system in order women's Federation of traditional rural to realize the sharing of information. cooperative organization is the valuable capital Develop computer simulation training in rural disaster relief organization, relative to system for natural disasters. The development the local common people, they have higher of multi-level distributed modular training consciousness, effectiveness, they can be the information platform, reconstruct disaster first team to the disaster scene; at the same scene, with different disaster scale, time, they can avoid the strangeness of the environment, disaster evolution simulation field organizations and volunteers, with strong conditions, sequential development and regional comparative advantage. participation in membership, joint training as 3.2.2. Innovating social organization relief to strengthen the commander 's ability of system, to mobilize social forces to participate judgment, and through the systematic operation in disaster prevention and reduction and experience learning mechanism, complete Sound relief donation system and emergency experience collection, classification, value rescue system of requisition compensation, added, diffusion, in order to achieve the standard receive , management and use of accumulation of experience, inheritance and donated funds, carry forward the Chinese training. glorious tradition" party hard, help comes from 3.2. Enhancing the government's all quarters" , and give full play to the role of mobilization and derive resource capacity of social organizations, develop the disaster relief disaster alleviation volunteer service, enhance the linkage among enterprises, social organizations, volunteers The theory of social capital is considered by and disaster reduction work .To the units and the western countries’ making circles as new individuals with outstanding contributions in ideas to solve social contradictions, even the flood relief work, county Party committee

392 and government shall award a certificate, and devising and construction of town's building their deeds shall be recorded in the annals of program, pay attention to disaster preparedness history, in order to realize the implementation and response skill and management service. of standardized, scientific management of After the disaster, people should assess it and if social organizations. it exists anthropic factors such as site selection 3.2.3 Construct "disaster Prevention and planning, those responsible should be community"; improve community's disaster called to account. relief capability 3.3.3 Innovate the mechanism of law of Combined with the community construction, disaster preparedness and response put the" disaster prevention community Enhancing legal consciousness, salvage "construction into the construction plan, work of disaster should be perfected according arrange reasonably for the layout of the to the law which including the preparation, building, and build synchronous program, emergency response, salvation and setting, synchronous process, synchronous rebuilding, relief materials management and development with community construction; social donation.. The whole disaster give full play to community party ( Group ) , preparedness and response should be done in a establish community disaster emergency legal way. mechanism, make the party member the 3.4. Local government's ability on backbone in serving the construction of the reconstructing and recovering rural area "disaster prevention community" and from natural disaster mitigation the resilience; organize regularly the masses of the people in community Village "Farmers living" is a plan that the United (house) to join disaster reduction activity and Nations food and agriculture organization exercise plans, support community mass launched aims to narrow the digital divide, its organizations, non-governmental organizations core is to reduce poverty through narrow the etc, to conduct disaster prevention knowledge digital divide , its tenet is the human-oriented, publicity, give full play of their impact on their multilevel and sustainable, dynamic way to disaster prention, emergency rescue, medical reduce poverty. At present, Hubei province assistance, health protection, restoration and grassroots’s post-disaster reconstruction funds reconstruction, post-disaster psychological basically use the "a three point formost and one support . point as complementary" way. the provincial 3.3. Local government's ability of decreasing room relief subsidy funds help to solve a little and extinguishing the disaster bit, and mutual help a little bit, labor neighborhood the rest; now the disaster relief 3.3.1The systematism of education of disaster standard 5000-10000 yuan can only scratch the preparedness and response surface, the most important is to improve the Propagate the knowledge of disaster farmers’ self-raised funds ability . Therefore, preparedness and response in a wide way, this paper puts forward a farmer sustainable enhance idea education of disaster livelihood framework, to break severe poverty. preparedness and response, enhance the 3.4.1 The government level: innovating means conscious education of disaster preparedness and smoothly getting through the specific work and response, enhance the longterm education of reconstructing the destroied houses after the of disaster preparedness and response. Let disaster people know disaster, keep a watchful eye on The research place which was located in Jiayu disaster, discuss disaster and increase the County, Hubei Province, was implementing a awareness of disaster in order to build the mechanism of 3 level responsibility system for reliable social basis of disaster preparedness guarantee and multi-sectoral linkage. During and response. the process of helping the people who had 3.3.2. Bring the work of disaster preparedness suffered this disaster rebuilding their home, the and response into the towns building government stuck to the unified leadership, the management system unified deployment and the unified Disaster preparedness and response is a main implementation. They carried out the part of town management, it should be bought responsibility system for guarantee leveled on into the management system. In the cycle of county, town and village and reached down to town's program and the planning, prospecting, every destroied house ownner, besides,

393 ensuring the completion before deadline and government's mobilization and derive resource the quality up to grade, created a social capacity of disaster alleviation; Local atmosphere as “ one in trouble, all will help”. government's ability of decreasing and 3.4.2Rural disaster prevention and take off defi extinguishing the disaster. Local government's cient to become rich withResearch of Hubei pr ability on reconstructing and recovering rural ovince area from natural disaster. City District to take" five do not loosen" metho d to solve the problem. One is the coordination References between departments, implement the responsib ility not to relax; two is a multi-party financing [1]The United Nations Development , helping measures do not lock; three is the flex Programme (UNDP) and the International ible distribution, capital reachs the designated Poverty Reduction Centre in China (IPRCC). position does not relax; four is the quality and Policy Study on the Challenges and quantity, supervision does not relax; five is to g Responses to Poverty Reduction in China's rasp the progress, helping the focus does not re New Stage [R].2011 lax 3.4.3Implementation of disaster prevention and [2The World Bank.China:from Poor Areas to mitigation from the perspective of sustainable Poor People:China's Evolving Poverty livelihoods-focused anti-poverty mechanism. Reduction Agenda [R].2009 City of Hu Bei Province is stricting [3]Huber provincial department of land "three checkpoints",Ensure that the resources.Hubei geological disaster reconstruction engineer safety engineering, but prevention plan to prevent the farmers once again into the top (2003-2015)[EB/OL].http://www.hblr.gov.cn priority of the "poverty trap". First, strict /structure/index.htm,2003 planning concept; Second, strict siting outlook; [4]The state council information office of the At last, strict quality control concept. People's Republic. "China's relief efforts Farm level：Sustainable livelihoods analysis report"[R].2009 under the framework of rural anti-poverty mechanism Adopt a framework of sustainable development, targeting at the poor and vulnerable groups, put livelihood development to the foremost position, Ensure that the compensatory measures can promote the accumulation of wealth and poverty，and promote its alternative livelihoods，Pay attention to strengthening the prevention and reduction of disaster in ecological fragile area ， Undertake farmer agriculture knowledge, knowledge of forestry and comparative advantage industrial training， develop tourism of forest region for its ethnic autonomous prefectures ，so as to guarantee the farmers' sustainable livelihoods.

4. Conclusion

This paper shows that the occurrence of natural disasters frequency increases, the influence of the population will focus on rural areas, the farmer's house, crop loss is bigger. The task of natural disaster reduction in rural areas is difficult. So, we advice that :Improve local government's disaster authentication and communication ability; Enhance the

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