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University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8300197 Albrecht, Carl William, Jr. THE TAXONOMY, GEOGRAPHY, AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RHOPALOCERA IN OHIO The Ohio State University PH.D. 1982 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Copyright 1982 by Albrecht, Carl William, Jr. All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background______ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy____ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages ^ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 11. Page(s)___________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) ___________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered____________. Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. Other____________________ _______________________________________________ University Microfilms International THE TAXONOMY, GEOGRAPHY, AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RHOPALOCERA IN OHIO DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Carl William Albrecht, Jr., B.A., M.Sc. sfr & Jc tfe * The Ohio State University 1982 Reading Committee: Approved By Charles A. Triplehorn, Professor D. Lyle Goleman, Professor David J. Horn, Professor Department of Entomology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Numerous persons have helped me in acquiring the data on which this study is based. It is my pleasure to acknowledge this assistance, and to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. For providing access to collections and making working space available, I am indebted to the following curators and their institutions: Frederick H. Rindge, American Museum of Natural History; the late Rendell Rhoades, Ashland College; the late Harry K. Clench, Carnegie Museum of Natural History; Richard A. Davis and Charles Oehler, Cincinnati Museum of Natural History; Patricia Hellwig, Cleveland Museum of Natural History; Robert^W. Alrutz, Denison University; Arnnold W. Fritz, Malone College; Thomas E. Moore, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan; Roland L. Fisher, Michigan State University Insect Collection; William D. Field, National Museum of Natural History; Roy W. Rings, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center; William T. Schultz, Department of Natural History, The Ohio Historical Center; Charles A. Triplehorn, The Ohio State University Insect Collection; the late Edward S. Thomas, Museum of Zoology, The Ohio State University; Glenn B. Wiggins, Royal Ontario Museum; Louis J. Laux, Jr., Wittenberg University. Others who have been helpful in providing records from their personal collections include: James W. Amrine, Jr., Columbus, Ohio; Roger S. Boone, Springfield, Ohio; John Calhoun, Westerville, Ohio; David C. Iftner, Worthington, Ohio; Joe and Calhoun, Westerville, Ohio; David C. Iftner, Worthington, Ohio; Joe and Ella McMahon, Chillicothe, Ohio; David K. Parshall, Columbus, Ohio. My thanks are extended also to those who have been helpful and welcome companions on many field collection trips, including: Susan K. Ahearn, Stuart L. Alcott, Christine J. Chandler, Donald Chandler, Glen Firebaugh, John Jenkinson, Eric H. Metzler, Frank Moore, Beverley H. Moseley, David K. Parshall, Melanie Pratt, Robert A. Restifo, Ann Skrei, John S. Thomas, Tom Wood. This project has benefited from the many discussions I have had with several zoologists, including John M. Condit, Roy W. Rings, William T. Schultz, and David H. Stansbery. My adviser, Charles A. Triplehorn, has been supportive throughout with his encouragement, patience, and good humor. His suggestions and criticism of this manuscript are most appreciated, as are those of D. Lyle Goleman and David J. Horn. All errors are, of course, my responsibility. To my parents, Carl W. Albrecht, Sr., and Mabel M. Albrecht, I owe special thanks for their support and encouragement throughout the long period of my formal education. My wife, Joann, through her infinite patience and tact, has given me an essential environment in which the completion of this project was possible. Finally, the staff of The Ohio State University Instruction and Research Computer Center and the University Libraries provided invaluable support in making their facilities available, and in giving assistance whenever required. Gratitude also is extended to the library staff of The Ohio Historical Center, in particular to Mary Ellen West and Conrad Weitzek, both of whom were very helpful with interlibrary loans and the use of their facilities. To Charles C. King, and the staff of the Ohio Biological Survey, my thanks are also extended. VITA 8 October 1932. Born - Columbus, Ohio 1950-1952 .......... Ohio Academy of Science Scholar, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 1954 . B .A. , Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 1954-1955 .......... University Scholar, Graduate School, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1955-1958 .......... United State Army 1960-1963, 1965-1967. Teaching Assistant and Instructor, Departments of Zoology and Biology, The Ohio State Universityt Columbus, Ohio 1962 . M.Sc., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1970-1978 .......... Curator, Natural History Department, The Ohio Historical Center, Columbus, Ohio 1975-1982 .......... Manager, Data Processing Department, The Ohio Historical Center, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS "The Lepidoptera of Cedar Bog., Champaign Co., Ohio. I. An Annotated Check List of the Rhopalocera." Ohio J. Sci. 74(2):126-132, 1974. "A Flexible Computer Program for the Production of Insect Labels." Great Lakes Entomol. 7(l):27-29, 1974, with Russell V. Skavaril. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Entomology Studies in Systematics. Professor Charles A. Triplehom v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................... ii VITA.............. v LIST OF TABLES....................... vii LIST OF FIGURES...................... viii INTRODUCTION.............................. 1 METHODS............................................. 7 THE TAXA WITH KEYS FOR DETERMINATION................. 13 HESPERIIDAE.................................... 21 PAPILIONIDAE.................................... 150 PIERIDAE........................................ 167 LYCAENIDAE...................................... 204 RIODINIDAE...................................... 263 LIBYTHEIDAE..................................... 268 HELICONIDAE..................................... 270 NYMPHALIDAE..................................... 271 SATYRIDAE.......... 327 DANAIDAE....................................... 345 DISCUSSION...................................... 349 SUMMARY............................................. 368 LIST OF REFERENCES................................... 370 APPENDIX 378 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Species of Rhopalocera known from Ohio and neighboring states................................. ........ 14 2. Taxonomic composition of the rhopalocerous fauna of Ohio....349 3. Taxonomic composition of the rhopalocerous fauna reported from the area surrounding Ohio, but not from Ohio itself, with the number of species