RET258 Final Book

Impact and Use of Electronic Resources in University Libraries in Gujarat

Author Dr. Vasantray A. Chauhan

ISBN: 978-93-85641-42-8

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Publisher: RET International Academic Publishing Powered By: Rudra Education Trust (Regd.) 143, Gokuldham Society, Modhera Road, Village: Dediyasan Dist. Mehsana 384002. Gujarat (India) Website: www.raijmr.com Mail id. [email protected], [email protected] Cell No. +91 9824974994 Preface

Internet has been a revolution in the world of information for a few decades now. It has become an important source of information for researchers and scholars worldwide. It is increasingly consulted as a warehouse of research activities. Information has become wider in present day research, covering electronic materials. University libraries are required to support teaching, learning and research by incorporating electronic information and professional skills.

The transition of E-resources in academic libraries is gaining momentum in the opening years of the 21st century. The E-resources have become a very widely used format for academic library patrons. Every academic institution is purchasing e-resources for their users. Finally, the library E-resources are not useful unless the end-users perceive the values.

The present study is an attempt to understand and explore the dynamics of the impact and use of E-resources in university libraries of Gujarat. The study has been divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction which discusses e-resources, university libraries, objectives, research hypothesis, limitation and methodology. The second chapter discusses literature review in relevant sources. The third chapter is about the details of electronic resources i.e. advantage of e-resources, type of e- resources, opens source e-resource and Indian consortia. The fourth chapter presents the profile of the university libraries. The fifth chapter is about the analysis and interpretation of data of university libraries and also the library users. The sixth chapter is based on findings, suggestion and conclusion.

I hope some useful points could be observed with this study to redefine the practice of

E-resources in university libraries particularly in Gujarat. I am not a perfect professional and hence it is likely that some mistakes may occur which may kindly be excused.

Vasantray A Chauhan

CONTENTS

1. Introduction 1

2. Review of Literature 15

3. Electronic Resources in University Libraries: An overview 45

4. University Libraries in Gujarat: An overview 80

5. Analysis and Interpretation of Data 124

6. Findings, Suggestion and Conclusion 201

Bibliography 217

Annexure

1. Questionnaire for University Librarians 230

2. Questionnaire for Library Users 235

LIST OF ABBREVITATIONS

AAU Anand Agricultural University

BAOU Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University

MKBU Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University

CD Compact Disc

CD-ROM Compact Disc Read Only Memory

CEPT Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology University

CeRA Consortium for e-resources in Agriculture, India

CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India

CUSAT Cochin University of Science and Technology

DDIT Dharmsinh Desai University

DVD Digital video disc

E-book Electronic book

E-collection Electronic Collection

E-databases Electronic databases

E-Media Electronic Media

E-newspapers Electronic Newspapers

EISS Electronic information services

E-journal Electronic journal

E-Magazines Electronic Magazine

E-Maps Electronic Maps

ETD Electronic Thesis and Dissertation

FORSA Forum for Resource Sharing in Astronomy and Astrophysics

FTP File Transfer Protocol

GAU Gujarat Ayurveda University

GFSU Gujarat Forensic Sciences University

GNLU Gujarat National Law University

GTU Gujarat Technological University

GU Gujarat University

GV Gujarat Vidyapith

HELINET Health Sciences Library and Information Network

HNGU Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University

IFLA International Federation of Library Associations

ILL Inter Library Loan

INDEST Indian National Digital Library in Engineering Sciences &Technology INFLIBNET Information and Library Network

INSDOC Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre

ISBN International Standard Book Number

LISA Library and Information Science Abstract

IRs Institutional Repositories

IT Information Technology

KSKVKU Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University

LAN Local Area Network

MSU Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

N-LIST National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content NISCAIR National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources NISCOM National Institute of Science Communication OA Open Access

OPAC Online Public Access Catalogue

PDAs Personal Digital Appliances

SKDAU Sardar krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University

SOUL Software for University Libraries

SPU Sardar Patel University

SSSU Shree Somnath Sanskrit University

SU Saurashtra University

TANET Taiwan Academic network

UGC University Grants Commission, India

UGC-INFONET University Grants Commission Information Network

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizations

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development organizations

VNSGU Vir Narmad South Gujarat University

WWW World Wide Web

INTRODUCTION

Research is an important activity for the development of scientific and technical knowledge. It is the gateway to the development of theoretical knowledge, practical skills and technical knowhow in any discipline. Universities are the centers of higher education and research. The libraries attached to the Universities have to deal with the needs of the researchers in various disciplines. It is the responsibility of the

University libraries to provide the information requirements of the researchers from time to time.

Digital revolution promises to lead a new world. The success of the revolution depends on the construction of computer networks that can move huge quantities of bits reliably, and with the quality of service needed by each type of information.

Information super highway is an international gathering of computer networks offers access to data through ftp and the World Wide Web and supports communication through electronic conferencing.

Information has become wider in present day research, covering non-print materials. For research it is essential to use information in print as well as electronic information. Both are available in various sources crossing the boundaries of a specific library. Library and information centres are required to support teaching, learning and research by incorporating electronic and digital information and professional skills. With the increasing use of electronic resources, a changing pattern of usage is apparent. The ability to connect to library services through the

Internet and to access information services from other sources has reduced the capacity to characterize and categories users. The electronic resources have become a very widely used format of choice for academic library patrons as they offer today’s users many opportunities which were not available to their predecessors.

The transition to electronic resources in academic libraries is gaining momentum in the opening years of the 21st century. Every academic institution is purchasing e- resources in record numbers for their users. Finally, the library electronic resource are not only useful its very effective sources of our stakeholder.

E-Resources:

In the academic scenario, over the years, e-resources have undergone a tremendous change assuming new dimensions influenced by the technology driven applications.

The value of information lies in the ability to access and adapt to suit new applications and improve the efficiency of existing system.

E-resources offer unique advantages like compact storage, fast delivery, interactivity and flexibility in transfer of information. These sources provide access to current information as these are updated regularly. These resources such as e- journals, E-books, E-database, Dictionaries, Encyclopaedias, OPACs etc.

E-resource provides access to thousands of Journals and newspaper far more than the library could possible subscribe to in print format. Some E-resource provides archival facility to find such articles on particular subject from many different publications.

Day by day more and more library resources become electronic and users also

2 prefer to access these e-resource. This changing scenario in library environment has arisen because of the needs and use of e-resources along with print version. E- resources come with new challenges before the library professional to give full text access to scholarly publication both in print and E-version to its end users.

In Indian context, a novel initiatives by the INFLIBNET Centre, a programme by

University Grants Commission to support learning, teaching and research activities of colleges and universities in India. INFLIBNET provides large number of e-journals and e-books under National consortia UGC Infonet for universities and “National

Library and Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content (N-LIST) for colleges. Government of India supports library to build need based e-collection for end users.

University libraries:

Education plays a pivotal role in the development of society. The universities are the apex bodies in higher education system. Higher education institutions are transcending state and national boundaries. The university is no more a place where teacher and students have face-to-face interaction. The role of the teacher has been redefined from teacher to facilitator. Physical distances are no more important with new information technologies.

It is here where the university library extends its support to the academic community engaged in higher pursuit of knowledge by adjusting itself to the demanding needs of the knowledge society driven by new technology.

University libraries have made provision for automated circulation, reservation and

3 recommendation for procurement of information sources, and access to the OPAC which save the time of the academic staff. A well-designed library web site serves as a gateway for the resources of the library and promotes the use of information sources and services.

In today’s context, libraries have to play two distinct roles - to serve as a knowledge centre of information and be a local gateway to national and global knowledge centre of information. In order to achieve this goal, existing libraries must modernize their collection, services and facilities, become more proactive and collaborate with other institutions and agencies in order to develop a community- based information system.

The university libraries have realized the importance of electronic information resources to fulfil the ever-growing and dynamic needs of their new generation of users, who give more importance to instant access to information than its authenticity and authoritativeness. In this situation, Librarians have to evaluate the methods to judge whether, and to what extent the resources or the services is operating successfully.

Thus, Libraries must provide the facilities for teaching both students and faculty how to effectively use and manage information resources both in print and electronic format, from the mechanics of using them, to the information literacy needed to use them wisely, to the techniques and creativity required to create them and render information services to the users.

Library must become "virtually present" as an information resource at all points on campus "library without walls" that is accessible in classrooms, laboratories, dorm

4 rooms, and beyond. Thus, Libraries must provide the facilities for teaching both students and faculty how to effectively use and manage information resources both in print and in the electronic format, from the mechanics of using them, to the information literacy needed to use them wisely, to the techniques and creativity required to create them and render information services to the users.

Use of E-resources:

The E-resources are playing the most important role in the area of education to provide better service and easy access. E-resources open news vistas for teaching, learning and research. In present scenario information is highly explosive and available in various formats. E-resources have become more powerful tools that allow users to search the information more effectively and efficiently. Users are preferring e-information due to 24x7 availability at their desk as well as easy flexible search of e-database.

Libraries are spending huge amount of money for subscribing of databases such as full-text e-journals, e-books, reference materials and archiving of journals.

Therefore it becomes important to check usage of e-resources. This may be useful to identify usage pattern to help digital collection development and to get additional funds from university authorities.

Impact of E-resources on university libraries and their users:

Information technology has altered the mode of publication in such a way that along with traditional print based sources of information, we are getting flooded with a lot of attractive electronic forms of publications like e-journals; CD ROM based databases and online databases. In such changing scenario, libraries and librarians

5 will have to play a vital role handling conventional and electronic resources. The most significant advantage of electronic resources is that they can be accessed from anywhere, anytime and by any number of persons. Though these require libraries to invest heavily in infrastructure, libraries are not complaining after seeing its benefits. Most of the leading university libraries are using one or the other form of electronic resources.

The impact of electronic resources characterized on information services by changes in format, contents and method and use/delivery of information products.

The new tools used for dissemination of information, shift from physical to virtual services environment and extinction of some conventional information services and emergence of new and innovation web based.

The concern and interest in understanding the impact of electronic resources on libraries and its usage by user community has assumed great importance in the recent time.

The study showed that electronic access to journals particularly library funded access is integral to research activities, with the vast majority of respondents reported that they read at least one article from an electronic source weekly.

Availability of e-journals, Online Databases through the library portal have enabled library users to access information at their own desktop and their convenient time.

Libraries have formed consortia and are now providing thousands of e-journals and online databases to their patrons. This kind of information service was completely unheard when libraries had to depend on their meagre budgets.

Statement of the Problem:

Impact and Use of Electronic resources in University libraries in Gujarat: A Study

The library at present is maintaining two parallel collection of reading materials such as traditional and electronic resources to satisfy the varied needs of the user communities. Further, the Library and Information Centres require availability and accessibility to a variety of information resources. In view of the financial constraints almost all the university libraries of Gujarat are unable to procure sufficient reading and research materials both in traditional and e-form for teaching and research purpose of the users. Moreover, the increasing volume of available publications has also created confusions for the library to acquire all the titles within the allocated limited budget which caused immense problems for the users in pursuing their teaching and research work. This has made the academic communities including students and researchers move from print to electronic resources. Mention may be made that now-a-days, the e-resources are liberally available through Internet, World Wide Web and Consortia and subject gateways.

The problems associated with the library under study whether the e-resources could help the user communities to overcome the problems in spite of inadequate funding or tough budget curtailments.

Moreover whether, the users are used to the Information Technology, to find out their information need from a vast array of resources available in electronic form.

Therefore, the present research attempts to find out the Impact and use of e- resources in the university library by the user community. This will facilitate the

7 researcher to find out the relevance and length of the e-resources services provided by University Libraries as well as the Librarians to compare usage statistics from different vendors; derive useful metrics such as cost-per-use, make better-informed purchasing decisions and plan infrastructure more effectively

Need of the Study:

Libraries have witnessed a great metamorphosis in recent years for Electronic resources. Over the last several years, a significant transformation has been noticed in e-resource. This study examines libraries by region within the State of Gujarat,

India. It examines the level of effort taken by the Universities libraries in Gujarat in the Impact and use of electronic resources

Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the present study on the above research topic are to:

1. To reveal the present status of e-Resources in the university libraries of Gujarat.

2. To study the use of different types of electronic resource by the users.

3. To Study the purpose of use of electronic resources by the users.

4. To study the satisfaction and problems in utilizing the e-resources

5. To find out how often researchers and Professors use e-resources in the

university libraries?

6. To suggest recommendation to improve the electronic resources for research

scholars.

7. To explore the current practices of selection and evaluation of e-Resources.

8. Determine the awareness of e-resources among the users of University Library.

9. Find out the usage statistics of e-resources of the library under study.

10. To find out the effect of e-resources on quality of research.

11. To identify areas of training requirements of the users in the electronic era.

Significance of the Study:

The library happens to be the nucleus of information centers which supports the learning, teaching and research needs of the user communities by providing access to scholarly literature though various e-resources. Growth and change have always been predominant characteristics of the libraries. In the present time, adoptions of information technology have compelled the library to be dependent upon digital materials which could be collected through Internet on a WWW platform. The significance of the study is that it happens to the University libraries in Gujarat to provide e-resources services to its clientele. Moreover, the work aims at evaluating the flexibility of this library in this fluid environment as well as their capabilities in developing a process to integrate the changes into a standard library practice to meet the current, and update, demands of the users’ communities

Research Hypotheses:

The following hypotheses have been incorporated for the present study:

1. Present status of e-resources is inadequate of University libraries in Gujarat.

2. Insufficient fund for e-resources.

3. The situation of the man power working in e-Resource section is

impoverished.

Research Methodology:

Research is a way to solve the problem, to unfold the probable answer, and to test the hypothesis stated. As there are many roads leading to a city, likewise there are many methods to solve the problems of research.

Many researchers have studied it from different perspectives using different approaches and methodologies. I am using following methodologies such as,

Structured Questionnaire-1 was designed to obtain data/information from university librarian. The questionnaire was intended to cover the aspects like general information of library, library staff details, library user, library print and e- resource and facilities. The questionnaires were distributed to the 19 university to collect the data relating to infrastructure facilities available at library.

The data and opinions pertaining to the use of e-resources by the library users were collected through thequestionnaire-2. Questionnaires were distributed to 1230 library users and responses were received from them. The total number of responses obtained in the form of questionnaire was 754 which account of 74.87%.

The library user include teaching staff non-teaching staff and PG Student.

Scope and Limitation of the Study:

The scope of the study area is limited to Gujarat State.

The study will be limited to the following universities libraries which are

included in the list of 2(F) and 12 (B) of the UGC Act 1956.

I have also included Gujarat Vidyapith as declared by the deemed university

under section 3 of the UGC Act 1956 by the Ministry of Human Resources

Development, Government of India.

The study will be limited into the following Universities:

Sr.No. Name of the University Estd. Year

1 Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 1949

2 Gujarat University 1950

3 Sardar Patel University 1955

4 Saurashtra University 1955

5 Gujarat Vidyapith 1963

6 Vir Narmad South Gujarat University 1965

7 Gujarat Ayurveda University 1968

8 Sardar krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University 1972

9 Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University 1978

10 Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University 1986

11 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University 1995

12 Dharmsinh Desai University (converted from Deemed 2000 University to State University) 13 Gujarat National Law University 2003

14 Anand Agricultural University 2004

15 Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University 2004

16 Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology University 2005

17 Shree Somnath Sanskrit University 2005

18 Gujarat Technological University 2007

19 Gujarat Forensic Sciences University 2008

REFERENCES

Adams, J. (1995). Electronic Information Technologies and Resources: Use by University Faculty and Faculty preferences for related library services. College and Research Libraries, 56(2), pp. 119-131.

Bhatt, R. K. (2004). University Libraries in India and Electronic Journals: The Role of Consortia- based Subscription of E-journals for the Effective Use of Financial Resources. 2nd International CALIBER-2004. New Delhi.

Bidyutkumar, M. (2009). Collection building through E-Resources in the University Libraries in india.

Mahatama Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwadyalay.

Carol, T. (2003). Use of Users of Electronic Library Resources: An overview and Analysis of recent

research Studies. Washington, D.C: Council on Library and Information resources.

Desai, H. (2009). Research Methods and Techniques. Ahmedabad: University Granth Nirman

Board

Golian, L. (2000). Utilizing Internet resources by Educational professionals in the new Millennium. Information Technology and Libraries, pp. 136-143.

Kaur, B. (2000). Use of Electronic Resources at TIET Library Patiala: A Case study. ILA Bulletin, 42(3), pp. 18-20.

Kothari, C. (2001). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Delhi: Wishwa

Prakashan.

Kumar, R. (2008). Research Methodology. New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation.

Manojkumar, S. A. (2011). Usages of Electronics Resources available under UGC-INFONET Digital Library consortium by Assam University Library users. CALIBER 2011. Goa: Goa University.

Mishra, R. A. (2010). Use and Usage Statistice of Electronic Resources at Central Library Tezpur University: a Case study.. Assam: . 7th Convention Planner-2010. Assam: Tezpur University.

Ramaiah, L. (2007). E-Libraries: Problems and Perspectives. New Delhi: Allied Publishers.

Satpathy, S. K. (2008). LIbraries in Digital Environment: Problems and prospects. New Delhi:

Mahamaya Publishing House.

Thanuskodi, S. (2010). Use of Internet and Electronic Resources for Medical Science Information: A Case Study. Journal of Communication, 1(1), 37-44.

Umesh, P. (2009). Planning and use of E-Documents in Engineering college libraries in gujarat: A Study. Ahmedabad: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University.

Vasappa Gowda D and D, S. (2010). E-Resources of Information: A Study of attitudes of research schoolars. CALIBER 2007. Chandigarh: Panjab University.

Verma, K. (Ed.). (2007). The Electronic Library. New Delhi: Akansha Publication House.

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Libraries and their information have existed for thousands of years. People recognised the value of information, although sometimes in rather unusual ways.

Today, as an organised system, the Library is becoming an intermediary, rather than a storehouse, of information. The evolving nature of the library is characterised by a gradual change of its organisation. "In this info age, information is not only recorded items of knowledge, it is also the digitized bits of information that could be moved through computers and telephone lines to wherever it is needed.

Al-Braid, S. A. (2000) in his study on ‘Developing Electronic Resources at the

KFUPM Library highlighted the use of the KFUPM Library collection increase services, and improvement operation to provide access to a growing collection of internal and external electronic resources.

Agrapu, D. (2013) It was found that cent-percent of library users are aware of e- resources collection subscribed by the university libraries. Most of the faculties’ preference research as top priority, followed by teaching and publication. It was also inferred that majority of research scholars have difficulties in using e- resources like low speed of internet, frequent power failure and very limited time to access. Majority of faculty and research scholars integrate the benefits that they have gained through use of e-resources from consortium. Findings suggest the need to have information literacy programmes for accessing e-journals through consortia and open access.

Ali, N. (2005) highlighted the use of electronic information services among the users of Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi library. Data was collected from

300 IIT library users. Results revealed that 95% of the users had awareness about EIS provided by the library.

Al-Saleh, Y. N. (2004) the study examined graduate students in three Saudi universities. Findings indicated that only half of graduate students used the library’s electronic resources for their academic information needs. The main barrier to student information search was insufficient instruction for using or searching electronic resources followed by not enough librarians to help. Other barriers were insufficient availability of computers or computer labs, and libraries did not improve student’s information skills. Overall, the e-resources of

Saudi university remain under-utilized because they are not meeting student’s needs.

Arora, K. (2008) this book is a study of University Library system: Centralization and Decentralization. This book describes the present university library systems in major Universities of Punjab and Chandigarh from their inception to present times. Universities covered in this study were Guru Nanak Dev University,

Amritsar, Punjabi University Patiala, and Panjab University Chandigarh. It is found that such problems arise due to lack of adequate budget, infrastructure and its improper utilization, absence of perspective planning etc. All these affect university library system and their services in each unit and in general.

Baljinder, K. A. (2009) revealed that users from all these categories were using e-resources; the awareness about e-resources encourages users to use such resources to the maximum and the users are using computer centre and hostels more for accessing the information. The impact of e-resources was visible from

16 the decrease in number of printed journals in comparison to the increase in number of electronic journals. The use of e-journals has increased manifold. The printed material is being quickly replaced by the electronic resources.

Beard, J. D. (2007) in their study on ‘The Impact of E-Resources at Bourmouth

University2004/2006 observes that the use of, and enthusiasm for, electronic resources is widespread amongst students and the staff of Bourmouth university

(UK)

Bhatt, R. K. (2004) reported that consortia-based subscription to electronic resources can help college and university libraries in order to enhance their access capacity to a large number of periodicals, yet there is a need to develop a policy for consortia-based subscription to electronic resources which should clearly indicate the terms and conditions favouring and protecting the academic interest of the college and university libraries.

Borrego A. (2007) presented the results of a survey on the use of electronic journals by the academic staff of the universities belonging to the Consortium of

Academic Libraries of Catalonia (CBUC). The results showed that a high proportion of teaching and research staff are aware of the collection of electronic journals and that there is an increasing preference for the electronic to the detriment of the printed format. The collection of electronic journals was highly valued and most users expect to increase their use of them during the next few years. The results also confirmed the importance of discipline and age of the users as explanatory factors of the use of electronic journals. The preference for the electronic format was higher among academic staff in Biomedicine,

Engineering and Exact and Natural Sciences.

Chirra, R. A. (2008) analysed the use of e-journals by doctoral research scholars of Goa University, India. The e-journals have become a vital part of information for research work. This study could help in knowing the importance and use of e- journals in comparison to printed journals, by the research community. Most of the respondents were accessing e-journals from the department computer labs for their research work as the e-journals could meet the instant desire of users to have an access to information.

Candela (2009) Participants confirmed the increase in the amount of journal reading among academics, because of the increase in the number of electronic journals available and the improvement in the tools for locating and accessing this information, especially off-campus access. Librarians were well aware of the importance of internet search engines as the first information source for academics. They regretted having failed to provide users with a single interface to all information products. Academics’ perceptions of the usefulness of bibliographic management software have increased dramatically during the last few years, especially among PhD students. Finally, librarians stated that most of the complaints they receive from users were related with platform breakdowns, difficulties in accessing resources off-campus, and discontinued resources.

Dadzie, P. (2005) investigated the use of e-resources by students and faculty of

Asheshi University, Ghana, to determine the level of use, the type of information accessed and the effectiveness of the library’s communication tools for information research and problems faced in using e-resources. Results indicate that 85 per cent of respondents used the internet to access information, and that respondents mainly accessed information in the library by browsing books on the shelves.

Doraswamy, M (2005) studied the use and familiarity of the electronic information resources in a paper titled “Familiarity and Use of the Available

Electronic Information Resources by the Students of U.R Siddhartha Engineering

College Library, Vijay Wada: Survey”. The findings show that 61.25% students are familiar with electronic information resources, 27.50 % of the students use the computer daily and 5.63% have never used it. A small percentage of students, i.e.,

2.5% of students used CD-ROM, 33.13% internet, 38.13% e-mail, 36.87% search engines, and 21.25% use VRSECE website ‘daily’ respectively. The online databases are used by 25% and VRSECE catalogue’ once a month’. 18.75% of students use online journals rarely. 42.50% of the students use electronic information resources for communication purposes. The main problems faced while using electronic information resources were lack of training and time.

Erin, T. (2003) the primary factor analyzed in the studies of users carried out is the variables determining the end users’ behavior in the use of electronic resources. Clearly different behaviors can be identified according to variables such as discipline, age and academic position. While studying the subjects, it seems that teaching and research staff in exact and natural (hard) sciences, who were in fact the first to adopt electronic journals, are the most active users of titles in electronic format

Fatoki, O. (2004) the findings of the study have shown that, the vast majority of university libraries in Nigeria has provided internet access to their patrons, as 17

89.5% of the surveyed libraries responded in the affirmative. This is an improvement on earlier reports that only a few university libraries provide access to internet in Nigeria.

Fenner, A. (2004) Managing Digital Resources in Libraries is a practical guide to managing library in digital formats. Working librarians share their expertise in the acquisition and management of digital resources, addressing question of licensing, funding and providing access. The Author also examines innovative projects and systems, such as the integration of PDA-accessible resources into a library collection and the development of all-digital libraries. The authors also provide solution for handling digital resources, from various viewpoints. The chapters addressing copyright issues, licensing concepts, and issues surrounding bibliographic control are particularly strong.

Galyani M.G and Talwar V.G. (2008) studied the scholarly electronic journals at the Indian Institute of Science. The results showed a growing interest in electronic journals among the users at IISc. Electronic journals were mostly used for research needs and PDF was the most preferred format. The fact that users had free access to electronic journals at all hours from their own computers seems to be the most appealing feature.

Gohel, B. M. (2005) Study discusses the highest allotment of amount for a magazine was found at the M.S. University Library, Baroda, and lowest amount was allotted at the North Gujarat University Library, Patan. The highest collection of books was seen in the Gujarat Vidyapith Library and lowest collection was found in the North Gujarat University Library, Patan. Only Gujarat Vidyapith

Library had E books and E-Magazines facility among the eight libraries of Gujarat.

The Gujarat Vidyapith Library, Ahmadabad, was the first to be established among the university libraries of Gujarat and the North Gujarat University Library,

Patan, was the last to be established.

Golian, L. M (2000) tried to provide a concept of learning theory and presented a cursory overview of why education activities, like teaching and scholarly research and the use of internet resources need to be first grounded in the concepts of learning theory. It also explained the status of conducting scholarly research in the field of education using the internet and web at that time. It also highlighted the several categories of educational internet resources like commercial databases, govt. and educational web resources. It also provided a brief speculation concerning the possible future of internet and web information in future educational research and scholarly activities. He concluded that the internet should be a collection of tools that can be incorporated into the instructional design of any educational program or library information literacy program, which augments the individual’s learning styles and skills.

Gupta, V. (2008) the present study seeks to examine the usage of e-journals by the research scholar in the University of Lucknow. The survey reveals that all the

PhD Students are aware of e-journals in the University of Lucknow. Most of the

PhD students use both printed and electronic journals. A large number of PhD

Students are storing e-journals by downloading them in CDs, pen drives, floppy etc. So many problems are faced by PhD students, but overall a large no. of students is satisfied with the use and accessibility of e-journals. E-journals cannot replace traditional sources.

Gyeszly, S. (2001) in his research paper entitled, Electronic and Paper Journals?

Budgetary collection development and user satisfaction Question compared the annual subscription of prices of core printed journals with their electronic counterparts in the discipline of political science and economics during 1998-

2000 academic years. The electronic use of statistics was examined by the scholar

21 for the expensive serials, based upon the numbers of hits cumulated by user’s request via the websites of the Texas A&M university libraries and resources are easily accessible online than the printed counterparts.

Hamid, R.A. (2005) presented the conclusions of several studies that used log analysis to study the use and users of electronic journals. These papers focused on the formats preferred by the end users where it was documented that the users prefer the PDF rather than HTML format. This study has presented the behavior patterns of users and the growing preference for searching to the detriment of browsing as the main means of accessing information.

Helle, V. K. (2006) Documents that supply has not declined as much as demand for copies for the company’s collections. Automation has played a significant role in reducing costs and improving speed, and a number of other improvements are identified.

Herring, S. D. (2002) this paper describes a citation analysis of research articles from scholarly electronic journals published in 1999 -2000. The analysis focused on the extent to which scholars are using electronic resources and the types and subject areas of online resources that are being referenced. Results indicate a growing reliance on electronic resources by scholars, a high occurrence of nontraditional types of resources, and a relatively high use of interdisciplinary references.

Hewitson, A. (2002) reports the results of an investigation, undertaken at Leeds

Metropolitan University, to study the awareness and extent to which university academic staff use and assimilate electronic information services (EISs) into their work.. The study is based on the findings of a quantitative survey, which addressed four specific areas: the characteristics of the respondents (age, gender,

22 and faculty); the level of the information technology (IT) literacy of staff; the frequency of use by academic staff of different EISs offered by the university; and academic staff's perception of student use. The study also investigates how academic staff at the university obtains information for their work and what they do with the information they obtain. The other factors studied include awareness of staff about EISs; the barriers that exist to their use; the extent to which academic staff are integrating the use of EISs into students' educational experience; and what the university can do to support staff better in their use of

EISs. It concludes from the results that the internet is the most popular information source but the factors affecting the use at the expense of subscription-based services are complex. University staffs, especially those with low-level IT skills, frequently uses the internet because it is easy to access and provides instant results. It is clear that members of staff, who used EIS s regularly, used it for their own research or after joining some form of professional development such as a PhD.

Holly Yu, Scott breivod. (2008) Electronic Resource Management in Libraries:

Research and Practice provides comprehensive coverage of the issues, methods, theories, and challenges connected with the provision of electronic resources in libraries, with emphasis on strategic planning, operational guidelines, and practices. These books primarily focus on the management practices of the life- cycle of commercially acquired electronic resources from selection and ordering cataloguing, web presentation, user support and usage evaluation.

Ibrahim, A. E. (2004) in his study titled “Use and User Perception of Electronic

Resources in the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU)” made an attempt to measure the use and perception of the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU)

23 faculty members of electronic resources. He found that the frequency of use of the electronic resources was low due to lack of time because of the time needed to focus on teaching; lack of awareness about electronic resources provided by the library; ineffective communication channels and language barrier.

Iyer, H. (1998) Electronic Resources: Use and User Behaviour book is devoted to

Electronic Resources and their use in libraries. The main emphasis is on the newer resources namely the Internet and the GIS. The topics covered in this collection range from theoretical models of user’s interaction, to their user interaction, to their actual searching behaviour and to the management of electronic resources. Ruth A Palmquist presents some theories relating to information system use and users. Ingrid Hsieh-Yee focus on the Internet resources. Jane M Subramanian presents the Management of Electronic

Resources

Jose, B. S (2005) the authors show the impact of the consortia purchased periodical publications on document supply services. These services have undergone considerable changes over the last five years, first decreasing but now recovering. It focuses mainly on the impact of electronic journals in libraries, their effect, and proposed actions. Second, as an example of the new behavior, it presents the document supply service data, as collected on one hospital’s health- science library in the last four years.

Kaur, B. (2009) the study was carried out in four prestigious institutions in

India, IIT-Delhi, IIT-Roorkee, TU-Patiala and PEC Chandigarh to study electronic resources & services provided to users of these libraries. Results show that internet and online catalogues are used more as compared to current and back volumes of e-journals. E-books are used minimum and e-journals are mostly used

24 for academic work. Users prefer to use the information in both the format i.e. electronic as well as print, although they feel that electronic document can’t replace the print document.

Kumar, R. A (2006) examined a survey on Internet Use by Teachers and

Students in Engineering Colleges of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh

States of India: An Analysis. The response rate was 80.9%. The present study demonstrates and elaborates the various aspects of Internet use, such as frequency of Internet use, methods used for the learning of Internet skill, most frequently used place for Internet use, purposes for which the Internet is used, use of Internet services, ways to browse the information from the Internet, problems faced by the users and satisfaction level of users with the Internet facilities provided in the college. The result of the survey also provides information about the benefits of the Internet over conventional documents. The study was conducted particularly to find an answer to the question as to whether the Internet can replace library services. It was found that the Internet has becomea vital instrument for teaching, research and learning process of these respondents. Some suggestions are set forth to make the service more beneficial for the academic community of the engineering colleges under study.

Levine-Clark, M. (2007) found that only 13% of humanities graduate students frequently used e-books and the remainder used them only once or occasionally.

If both print and electronic versions are accessible, only 13.4 per cent of the students would always or usually use e-books

Liew, C.A. (2000) has made a study on ‘A Study of Graduate Student End-Users

Use and Perception of Electronic Journals’ in which they have expressed that , the growth of diversity of e-journals in the past five years led many to predict, the

25 extinction of print journals and that a new paradigm is sweeping scholarship. The above work also highlights the future of e-journals in the light of the use and perception of graduate student end-users, and their expectation about the future of e-journals as they are absolutely different from print journals, with novel forms of functionality not possible in their print counterparts.

Ling YuhW Pattie, Bonnie Jean Cox. (1996) Electronic Resources: Selection and

Bibliographic Control clearly illustrates the evolving role of librarian from that of gate keeping in the print world to that of active player in the electronic environment. This transformation calls for alternative strategies in educating future information professionals and reconfiguring traditional infrastructure for providing user services. This book also enlightens the reader on such topic as:

Internet resources, Text Encoding Initiative, core Languages and the information

Bus, Dublin core metadata as discovery/retrieval tool and e-texts and e-theses.

Liu, Z. (2006) concluded that a hybrid information environment was most desired. Electronic and print resources both have advantages and limitations and meet different needs of users.

Lohar, M. A. (2006) analysed the use of electronic resources and how the electronic resources are improving the academic career of the faculty members of college and universities. He also tried to find out the problems faced by the faculty members at the time of accessing the e-resources and concluded that the main objective of the use of electronic resources of faculty members is the academic interest. The speed of availability and the ease of accessibility of information make the faculty members use electronic resources in academic environment.

Madusudhan, M. (2010) focused on the use of e-resources by research scholars of Kurukshetra University. The main aim was to determine the use of e-resources, users’ skills in handling e-resources, and the purposes of their use. The findings showed that e-resources have become an integral part of the information needs of research scholars at Kurukshetra University. Further, it was found that e- resources could be good substitutes for conventional resources, if the access becomes fast and more computer terminals could be installed to provide fast access to e-resources. Google was the most widely used search engine for locating information electronically.

Maheswarappa, B. A. (2003) studied the use of internet resources and services in Gulbarga University. In this study they found a great deal of first time and exploratory use of Internet in Gulbarga city. Further study is required to see if patterns of use change as function of time and user satisfaction increases.

Mal, B. K.(2009) It was found that the users are mostly not satisfied with the services extended by U.P. State university libraries and a very few users expressed their satisfaction. It was also observed that very few U.P. University

Libraries frame the collection development policy for development and management of their e-resources collection. A very few university libraries have skilled and professional staff to undertake e-collection development and management activities. The users preferred to use the traditional collection to e- resources to get their information due to less interest because they are not fully aware of electronic sources and services provided by the university libraries. It was also observed that Libraries are not properly equipped with computers, networking and OPAC Facilities.

Mandal, M. A. (2007) in their paper ‘Usage of e-Resources supplied Through a

Consortium: A study vividly discussed the usage of e-resources received through

INDEST consortium by a group of members of the consortium in the backdrop of

21st century library environment. The study successfully unfolds some reasons for low usage and suggests some remedial steps to improve the use of e- resources and services.

Mangkhollen, S. A (2010) The findings of this small sample population suggests that many respondents do use some electronic resources and are aware of their benefits, but the majority still like to use printed material to complement this technology. The results of the study offer significant information on the level of awareness and the use of electronic journals in academic institutions. However, it is also apparent that a large number of students from the sample population are leaving University without the necessary transferable skills to cope in an information-based society. Further research is necessary to show how best to encourage students to make effective use of the electronic sources that are available. Research scholars suggest the following approaches for improvement.

Manjunatha, K. A (2003) revealed that in the age of digital evaluation escalating price of electronic information, resource sharing is critical for effective functioning of libraries. Increased availability of information in digital format and high costs of journal subscription compel the libraries to work together.

Technical advancements provide a platform for digital resource sharing, and offer many opportunities for librarians to become more technical and professional. His work also attempted to identify the needs and the factors influencing the electronic resource sharing and presented requirements and strategies for effective resource sharing in academic libraries.

Mary, C. (2001) these books focus on Electronic Resources and Services.

Electronic technologies have produced revolutionary changes in the daily activities of science librarians. Electronic technologies provide librarians with new mechanism and tools to accomplish these traditional functions in a distributed and virtual environment. The articles can generally be divided between the areas of electronic services and resources. Several of the papers discuss the relation between these two areas. Paul j Bracke discusses methods to control and manage electronic access through the use of proxy servers and persistent Uniform Resources Locators (PURLs. Another paper describes strength and weakness of information retrieval technologies related to specific subject areas of sci/tech libraries

Mathew, S. A. (2005) conducted a survey entitled Use of E-resources in a

Networked Environment a Case Study of CUSAT. This paper studies the use of E- resources by the faculty and research scholars of Cochin University of Science and Technology. The use of e-resources under INDEST consortium, UGC Infonet project, and the database subscribed to in the CUSAT Library are studied in the survey. The survey covers various aspects like awareness of the users, user satisfaction, use pattern of e-resources, preference for print or electronic version, etc. The problems faced are stressed and possible solutions are suggested.

Medeiros, N. (2005) in his study Electronic Resource Usage Statistics: the

Challenge and the effort initiated to develop a decision support system for electronic resources through usage statistics in the library.

Miller, R. (2000) in his article titled “Electronic Resources and Academic

Libraries, 1980-2000: Historical Perspective” described how collection has to be developed in an Electronic environment. Over the past twenty years, academic

29 collection development specialists have dealt with dramatic changes, brought about by decreasing purchasing power and the growing importance of electronic resources. The collection managers have rethought their efforts and revised criteria for the selection of materials in new formats while maintaining traditional collections.

Milne, P. A(1998) examined the effect of enhanced electronic access to information on the patterns of scholarly coomunication.Using a panel typology, the Academic at the Australian National University were surveyed in 1991 and again in 1994. The research mainly focussed on the use of library and on their patterns of information seeking and dissemination. Results found that the communication technologies –such as e-mail had been almost universally adopted, overall, a few changes had taken place in academics information related behaviour. Scientists were more likely to have adopted the new technologoes than social scientists or scholars from the humanities. However, there was strong evidence that a small group of academics were adopting the new technologies with enthusiasm suggesting that the overall pattern of use would change in the future

Ming-der, W. A. C.(2010) the results showed that these humanities graduate students cited considerably more print materials than the electronic resources.

Most of the documents cited were supplied by the university library. Only a small proportion of the documents were available in electronic format either from the university library or from the internet. The availability ratio of journals was higher than that of books. Students’ acceptance of e-journals was higher than that of e-books.

Mohamed, H. (2007) in his investigation ‘Use of ICT Based Resources and

Services in Special in Kerala unfolds the popularity of ICT-based resources and services among the special library users.

Montgomery. H. (2000) describes the background and development of the migration to an electronic journal collection by the W.W. Hagerty library of

Drexel University, Philadelphia. Starting in 1998, the transition was a key component of the library’s strategic plan, and with a few exceptions, journals are purchased in electronic- only format, whenever possible. Drexel’s collection now

Consists of only 800 print subscriptions and 5, 5000 electronic journals. A newly created position of electronic resources librarian acts as a focal point for the integrated development of electronic resources.

Natrajan, M. (2003) the paper describes the different types of electronic resources available. The factors that determined the quality of e-resources like, authority, content, currency and timeliness and special attributes are discussed in detail. The article concluded that library and information science professionals should be well aware of the e-resources available, and evaluate them before acquiring .accessing them for their users.

Nikam, K. A. (2007) in his study on ‘Use of e-Journals and Database by the

University of Mysore examined that the utilization and satisfaction levels of users with respect to the e-resources and presents the use of internet by the users of

University of Mysore highlighting the usage trend.

Nwokedi, V. (2007) in his survey assessed the impact of internet use on research and teaching activities of academic staff in the Faculty of Medical

Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria. The findings of the study revealed that respondents possessed skills in internet use for research, especially in the area of

31 literature search; but with low level of skills in the use of the internet to enhance their teaching activities

Oduwole, A. A. (2003) in his paper presented the accessibility and retrieval of electronic information in the Nigerian University of Agricultural Library. The study reveals that the non-final year UG students use mainly the OPAC, while final year and PG students as well as academic staff regularly use bibliographic databases tools. A majority of users were satisfied with the information obtained and reported that service is to greater or lesser extent, easy to use. The major constraint to information accessibility and retrieval of automated library services was infrastructural: the limited number of terminals available for users and power supply outages.

Pricilla, P. (2007) the technology helps the reader to get the information in various other formats than the traditional means. The e-journals as well as the e- books have made changes in the way the information is delivered to the readers.

They help them to get up-to-date and latest information that is updated regularly.

The hardware required for the use of e-books has to be considered before creation of the content. Their licensing, pricing and standards are the usability constraints. The open access publishing helps the readers with free information availability but in some cases their standards are not tested, they may have broken links, wrong mappings and server problems. This has to be taken into consideration. Although the technological advancements have helped the people, yet that have some disadvantages as well. However, the use of the resources is in the hand of users. It is the expertise of users to handle this tool efficiently which helps them to get right information. The future developments should overcome the disadvantages of the technology and give a new path for its effective usage.

Rao, K. M. (2008) The Book is a Festschrift volume brought out in the honour of

Prof. Satyanarayan, University Librarian of the Jawarharlal Nehru University,

Hyderabad. There are 23 articles on the management of e-resources in academic libraries. Libraries in general become virtual libraries. E-resources became important in the context of information explosion and information technology.

The Internet facilitates libraries and scholars to have access to huge information both structural and unstructured. Information flow has become the life blood for the development of nations and individuals.

Razaand, M. A. (2006) a survey was carried out to examine the usage of e- journals by the researchers at Aligarh Muslim University. The survey reveals that all the researchers are aware of e-journals in AMU. Many research scholars are consulting e-journals from their departmental labs and computer centers, not only for research purposes but also to update their own knowledge. Some problems like lack of training and slow downloading has been reported and the researchers felt about the need for print journals as well as electronic journals.

Rogers, S. A. (2001) research shows an increased use of e-journals and decreased use of printed journals by faculty and graduate students as the number of available e-journals Increased from 200 to 3000 titles. A majority of frequent users of all these three types of resources were from the departments in the faculty of science.

Sajila, K. (2005) Study on the use of electronic information resources in the library and information centre at the Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode.

The major objectives of the study were to access the current use of electronic information resources, to examine the frequency of use, to find out the most frequent use of electronic information resources. From the major finding of the

33 study it was evident that most of the students used digital library resources for project work, and research assistant and teachers used them for research purpose. The majority users were of the opinion that electronic resources are easy to access.

Shuling, W. (2006) analysed the use of e-resources in Shaanxi University of

Science and Technology. The sample consisted of 909 respondents of all types of library users. The study found that nearly 80 per cent of respondents knew little about e-resources. Nearly half of the respondents use both printed and electronic resources, followed by print periodicals

Smith, E. T. (2003) in his paper titled “Changes in faculty reading behaviors: The

Impact of Electronic Journals of the University of Georgia. The survey was conducted through e-mail. The survey explored the role of electronic journals in the faculty and also studied their weekly scholarly reading habits. The results indicated that almost three quarters of respondents reported reading at least one article from an online source every week. Also junior faculty members used electronic resources more than the senior faculty members.

Sreelatha, L. (2005) to major objectives of the study were to assess the awareness of doctoral students about e-journals, to assess the degree of utilisation of e-journals. The study reveals that advanced searching method was followed by a majority of the students. Encyclopaedia Britannica was the most frequently accessed aggregator. The study brought to light that the respondents were quite aware of the importance of e-journals in research.

Srivastava, A. (2012) the book is a collection of seminar proceedings and papers by the working librarians which was organized by Banaras Hindu University in the year of April 2011 on a very recent topic to Print to E-Resources: Challenges

34 and Opportunities. Major topic covered in the books is E-Journals, E-books, E-

Resources, Open access Journals, E-learning, E-Publishing.

Sunil Kumar, S. A. (2010) the study confirmed that faculty members are aware of the e-resources and various types of e-resources, e-database, and e-journals. It suggests for the improvement in the access facilities with high Internet speed and subscription to more e-resources by the Central Library of CVRCE.

Susan (2002) Stated that online resources are increasingly important to today’s scholars and researchers. Findings reflect that the online resources offer an exciting alternative to, and an expansion of, traditional research sources and tools by understanding how scholars use these resources, librarians and other information professionals will be able to provide enhanced service to their users.

Susheela, V. (2004) the paper discusses the ways and means of exploring and accessing the relevant information through the most complex Internet or web, explaining the various electronic networks, its location, and highlighting the

Indian scenario. The author says that the growth and development of electronic journal is envisaged with electronic publishing, computer and web technology.

Szu-chia, L. (2001) The Author discusses the results of a continuous study of access issues related to electronic journals currently distributed via the Taiwan

Academic network (TANet). Data are reported on the accessibility of electronic journals, the status of electronic journal archives, the subject coverage, the indexing and abstracting services, and the various data formats used by electronic journals. The findings illustrate the practical issues that can arise when users attempt to retrieve the texts of electronic journals. The implications for academic and research libraries are also considered.

Tenopir, C. (2003) in his research work titled “Use and Users of Electronic

Library Resources: An Overview and Analysis of Recent Research Studies” studied the 200 recent research publications that focus on the use of electronic library resources published between 1995 and 2003 in the report for the council on library and information resources. The study used a variety of research methods, including observations, surveys, interviews, experiments and transaction log analysis. The findings show that both faculty and students use and like electronic resources and most readily adopt them if the sources are perceived as convenient, relevant, and time saving to their natural work flow.

Print medium is still used for some reading and is part of research in almost every discipline.

Thanuskodi, S. (2011) the study revealed that M.Phil. respondents took the first position in their overall methods of searching e-resources, postgraduate student respondents the second position, PhD Scholar respondents the last position. The respondents were aware of the e-resources and various types of e-resources, e- database, and e-journals. The study recommended the improvement in the access facilities with high internet speed and subscription to more e-resources at Dr

T.P.M. Library, Madurai Kamaraj University.

Vaishali, C. A. (2004) the finding of the study is that research scholar’s access information through various electronic sources and services to keep pace with the developments taking place in the scientific world.

Veenapani, S. S. (2008) stated that the e-resources are highly useful for the research and academic community in the present digital environment in which the UGC –INFONET has to play a significant role to assist the academic community in the provision of this unique service to academic and research

36 community. They also suggested that for the improvement of the system required to be translated into reality by the authorities of Manipur University so that effectiveness and accountability of the same can be maintained to serve the users community in a better way.

Vijay Kumar, A. (2012) this book seeks to understand the effects of the increasing usage of digital information resources on the task that libraries are faced with preserving the integrity of scholarship. The study tackles the issues of permanency, accuracy and integrity of digital resources in information science environment. The book is based on use of electronic information resources in the college libraries in Kerala. This book includes major findings, conclusion, tenability of hypothesis and suggestion for improvement of use of electronic resource in college libraries of Kerala. These book shows that need for library consortia for arts and science college libraries in Kerala.

Vishala, B. B. (2008) stated that electronic publishing is an important media of the new Information Technology. E-journals are attracting readers‟ attention in today’s networked environment. These e- resources are main vehicles used by the researchers for scholarly communication. The present study revealed that there is increased acceptance of e- journals by the university academicians and also by the information centre. The study also demonstrated that all the librarians are fully acquainted with the benefits of e-journals and agreed that the electronic journals have and will continue to have an impact on the library services, library staff and on the information services. They concluded that e- resources have changed the way the research is done and the information obtained through electronic form has greatly improved the results of the research.

Wikoff, K. (2012) ”Electronic Resources management in the Academic Library” covers the whole life-cycle of Electronic Resources, from acquiring through providing access, to administering, supporting and evaluating. Some specific issues included vendor relation, negotiating contracts, access models, trouble shooting, gathering and using statistics and much more. Total nine chapters are available in this book. All nine chapters cover following topics: definition of electronic resources, Acquisition of e-Resources, set-up and provide access to manage, Administration of e-resources, Troubleshooting of e-resources,

Evaluation of e-resources.

Zhang , Y. (2001) The results of study by Zhang show that there has been a notable increase in the number and proportion of authors who cite e-resources in their research articles over an eight year period, but e-resources were still cited much less frequently than print sources. E-resources are increasingly used among scholars and also becoming an important component in their research.

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ELECTRONIC RESOURCES IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES: AN OVERVIEW

Introduction

We are living in an age of information explosion. Computer and other e-resources

has become a very important tool in our society. The main role of a library is to

provide information to the users. With the help of electronic resources the staff,

students and the researchers can access to the huge volume of information with

speed and accuracy.

The importance of e-resources in university is ever growing. Their primary motto is

to provide access rather than ownership. University libraries must move with

minimal disruption from a library model directed primarily at ownership of

materials to one in which access and delivery play a more central role.

Electronic resources represent significant and growing part of the academic library

offering. E-resources are changing rapidly and leading to new generation of

libraries. On one side there is an increasing demand for good quality library

collection in terms of large amount of information and on the hand; publishing

media is striving hard to support the demand of lighting speed by way of e-

publication as well as online access. The perpetual job of libraries is collection

development, preservation, retrieval of information and providing the required user

service.

The beginnings of electronic resources can be traced back to 1960’s with the development of Machine Readable Catalogue format. Almost, at the same time the bibliographic databases became available. The development of computers also encouraged the use of electronic resources in libraries. In 1990, the World Wide

Web was created by Tin Berners Lee; this facility encouraged the use of electronic resources in libraries. Consequently web based electronic resources and their use begins in the mid 1990’s. Libraries offered Web-based catalogues, bibliographic and full-text databases, electronic journals and eventually electronic books through the

Web. Patrons no longer had to go to the library to do a significant amount of their research. To satisfy the five laws, as enunciated by Ranganathan, the use of electronic resources through which a variety of information services should be offered. The developments of technology during 20th century are convenient, economical and user friendly. As a result the libraries are coming forward to move towards electronic resources.

Hence, electronic resources in its ambit include all kinds of digital collection in the form of databases, journals and books, image collections, newspapers, patent resources, technical reports, standards, and these/dissertation. An ideal modern library must hold all the major types of electronic resources like e-books, e-journals, e-indexes, e-media, e-newspapers, etc.

Definition of Electronic Resources:-

Various authors and organizations have defined E-resources as follows:

IFLA Defines Electronic Resources as “to those materials that require computer access, whether through a personal computer, mainframe, or hand held mobile

device”. They may either access remotely via internet or locally some of the most

frequently encountered types are: E-Journals, E-books, Full text (aggregated)

databases, indexing and abstracting databases, reference databases (biographies,

dictionaries, directories, encyclopaedias, etc.) numerical and statistical databases, E-

images, E-audio/visual resources. 1

An electronic resource is defined as a resource which requires computer access or

any electronic product that delivers a collection of data, be it text referring to full

text bases, electronic journals, image collections, other multimedia products and

numerical, graphical or time based, as a commercially available title that has been

published with an aim to being marketed. These may be delivered on CD-ROMs, on

tape, via internet and soon. The E-resource on magnetic and optical media has a vast

impact on the collections of university libraries electronic publishing has led to new

era of communications and information sharing. Many of the electronic books or

electronic publisher’s web site freely permit and encourage readers to provide

feedback on works, often directly to the author rather to the publisher. This is due to

the fact that e-resources have enabled libraries to improve services in a variety of

ways. First, most e-resources come equipped with powerful search and retrieval

tools that allow users to perform literature searches more effectively and efficiently.

Moreover, since most relevant e-resources are now available through the web, users

can have desktop access to them 24 hours a day. There are several forms and types

of electronic resources which are available on the internet, some of the popular ones

that are gaining ground are the electronic journals, standards, technical

1 Sharon Johnson, with Ole Gunnar. (2012). Key Issues for E-Resource Collection Development: A Guide for Libraries. IFLA

47 specifications, reports, patents, full text articles, trade reports and hosts of other document sources. Also the printed editions of scholarly journals are available on the web. Majority of this kind of service providers are those publishers who have several journal publications to their credit, e.g., Elsevier, Academic Press, Springer, and Oxford University Press, Taylor and Francis Blackwell Science and others.

Advantages of Electronic Resources:-

Time Saving: E-Resources are treated as fastest mode of communication. It

is available on the internet, within fraction of second and can be uploaded on

the server. Users can search desired information from anywhere and

anytime. Thus e-resources save time of the library as well as users.

Easy Access: E-resources offer flexibility, quick access, retrieval,

downloading and printing of the relevant issue and accessible from any

network.

Speedy communication: Most significant advantage of e-resources is its

speed of communication having all the details of prints e.g. title page, editor,

reviewer, publisher, ISBN no. etc.

Space saving: Space saving is another significant advantage compared to

space required for the print resources, as we can store lots of e-materials in

electronic format.

Functional aspects: E-resources will allow the users to approach the

publication in order to analyse its content in various new ways and

techniques by click of the mouse on search button.

Flexibility: E-resources are evolved quickly they are not bound to any

format, printer and distribution network.

Consortia mode: The E-resources can be subscribed through consortia thus

cutting down the costs but reaping the same benefits.

Sources of Electronic Resources:-

E-resources are obtained from various sources like, online databases, individual e-

journals, databases of ETDs, open access online journals, e-books, e-newspapers, e-

standards/patents, Govt. Portals, free web-sites developed by various organization,

universities, R&D institutions and different search engines. However online

database that hold detailed full text articles of a good number of journals form the

major sources of e-resources. Some of the leaders of e-resources are hinted in the

below table for an understanding.

Major Sources of E-resources:

S.N. E-resources/Databases Links

1 ABI / Inform Complete http://www.proquest.co.uk/en-UK

2 American Chemical Society http://pubs.acs.org/

3 American Institute of Physics http://search.proquest.com

4 Annual Reviews http://www.annualreviews.org

5 ASCE Journals www.pubs.asce.org/journals/jrns.html

6 ASME Journals http://www.asme.org/pubs/journals

7 ACM Digital Library http://dl.acm.org/

8 ASTM Standards & Digital Library www.astm.org/digitallibrar

9 Cambridge University Press http://journals.cambridge.org/

10 EBSCO Databases http://www.ebscohost.com

11 Elsevier Science Direct http://www.sciencedirect.com

12 Emerald http://www.emeraldinsight.com

13 IEEE / IEE Electronic Library Online http://ieeexplore.ieee.org

14 Indian Standards http://www.bis.org.in

15 Insight http://www.insight.religaretechnova.com

16 J-Gate http://openj-gate.org

17 MathScinet http://www.ams.org/mathscinet

18 McGraw-Hill's Access Engineering http://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com

19 Nature http://www.nature.com

20 Project Muse http://muse.jhu.edu

21 Proquest Science http://www.il.proquest.com/pqdauto

22 Springer Link http://www.springerlink.com

23 Taylor and Francis http://www.tandfonline.com

24 Wiley-Blackwell Publishing http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com

25 Web of Science http://isiknowledge.com)

Open access E-Resources:-

Open Access means something that is FREE. However, it is not only free but,

available online and in an unrestricted manner. In other words, full text of research

articles, conference papers, theses or dissertations for any one can use without the

severe restriction imposed by publisher copyright agreements.

There are varied resources, which are available open access: Open Access e-books,

Open Access Reference Tools, Open Access Journals, Open Access Repositories and

Open Source Software.

Some popular Open access E-books sites:

Project Gutenberg: (https://www.gutenberg.org)

Project Gutenberg is the first and largest single collection of free e-books.

Michael Hart, founder of Project Gutenberg, invented eBooks in 1971 and

continues to inspire the creation of eBooks and related technologies today. At

present Project Gutenberg offers 49000 free books available on his project site.

Digital Book Index: (http://www.digitalbookindex.org)

Digital Book Index provides links to more than 165,000 full-text digital books

more than 1800 commercial and non-commercial publishers, Universities and

various private sites. About 140,000 of these books, texts, and documents are

available free, while many others are available at very modest cost.

Some popular Open Access Reference Tools sites: (https://www.wikipedia.org/)

Wikipedia is a Web–based, free-content encyclopaedia written collaboratively by volunteers and sponsored by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. It has editions in roughly 200 different languages (about 100 of which are active) including 15

Indian languages like: Sanskrit, Hindi, Bhojpuri, Kannada, Tamil, Gujarati, Marathi,

Bengali, Kashmiri, Urdu, Oriya, Malayali, Punjabi, Sindhis and Assamese is in a process of creation, and contains entries both on traditional encyclopaedic topics and on almanac, gazetteer, and current events topics. Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopaedia in as many languages as possible. e.g.:

(gu.wikipedia.org) for Gujarati.

Some popular open access E-journals :

Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ): (http://www.doaj.org)

The Directory of Open Access Journal is a one stop shop for users to access

several Scholarly journals and known for its visibility and ease of use.

High Wire Press: (http://highwire.stanford.edu)

High Wire Press is the largest archive of free full-text science articles. This is

assisting in the online publication of 24, 34,604 free full-text articles and 76,

59,003 total articles. There are 33 sites with free trial periods, and 135

completely free sites. 288 sites have free back issues, and 1469 sites have pay

per view facility.

First Monday: (http://firstmonday.org)

First Monday is one of the first openly accessible, peer–reviewed e-journal

website. Since its start in May 1996, First Monday has published 1,489 papers in

231 issues, written by 2051 different authors. First Monday is indexed in

Communication Abstracts, Computer & Communications Security Abstracts,

DoIS, eGranary Digital Library, INSPEC, Information Science & Technology

Abstracts, LISA, PAIS and other services.

MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching: (http://jolt.merlot.org/)

MERLOT is a free and open resource, designed primarily for faculty and students

of higher education. The MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching

(JOLT) is a peer-reviewed, open access, online publication addressing the

scholarly use of multimedia resources in online education. JOLT welcomes

papers on all aspects of online learning and teaching. Topics may include

learning theory and the use of multimedia to improve online learning,

instructional design theory and application, online learning and teaching

initiatives, etc.

Google Scholar: (https://scholar.google.co.in)

Google Scholar is a source for scholarly literature which facilitates searching

across many disciplines and sources of articles, theses, books, abstracts and

court opinions from academic publishers, professional societies, online

repositories, universities and other web sites.

NISCAIR Open Access Journals: (http://www.niscair.res.in)

National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources

(NISCAIR) came into existence on 30 September 2002 with the merger of

National Institute of Science Communication (NISCOM) and Indian National

Scientific Documentation Centre (INSDOC). NISCAIR has published 18 journals in

Science and communication.

Bentham Open Access: (http://benthamopen.com)

Bentham Open Access publishes 230 peer-reviewed open access journals. These

free-to-view online journals cover all major disciplines of science, technology,

medicine and social sciences.

Popular Open Access Repositories :

With the advent of OA and Open Archives movement, the need for changes in

Scholarly communication to remove barriers to access, and the increasing awareness that universities and research institutes are losing valuable digital and print materials have begun driving the establishment of Institutional Repositories

(IRs). IRs is Web based archives of intellectual and scholarly materials created by the members of a defined institution. Some of the major Institutional Repositories are:

E-Prints@IISc

Dspace@IIMK

Dspace@NITR

ETD@IISc

Librarian's Digital Library (LDL)

Shodhganga

Dspace@INFLIBNET

Some Popular Open Source Software:

Much ahead of the OAI like-minded computer professionals and developers united to develop software for public interest and distribute it over network in order to use it free, distribute it free, down load it free, and modify and redistribute it. In India

Open Source Movement started in 2000. The advantage of such open source software is that it can be customized easily, since source code is available for download. In proprietary software, only object code is distributed, which are binary in nature and cannot be modified by a developer. Even the Libraries are going to use open source by creating digital libraries based on the open source software such as

DSpace, Green Stone, E-prints etc.,

Type of E-resources:-

Electronic publishing has been revolutionizing the format of recorded knowledge.

Electronic services are attracting the user’s attention in today’s networked environment. The Various types of electronic resources that are accessed via electronic media in day to day learning environment are broadly categorized:

E-books:-

An e-book is the digital media equivalent of conventional printed book. Such

documents are usually read on personal computers, or dedicated hardware devices

known as e-books readers or e-book devices. Many mobile phones can also be used

to read e-books.

The concepts of the ‘electronic book’ are varied widely. Some attempts have been

made to include different definitions.

The webopedia defines it as: “An electronic version of a book”1

The Concise Oxford Dictionary (2001) respectively as “A book that has been

converted to digital form and could be read on a computer, usually through network

services or CD ROM.2

Development of E-books-

The First efforts started in the 1970s with the Project Gutenberg and the Oxford text

Archive. Project Gutenberg was founded in 1971 by Michael Hart at the University

Illinois.

Later in 1980s and 1990s book vendors recognised the possibilities of providing

content in digital form and focused on the academic market. These e-books were

typically published on CD-ROM or to be used with personal digital appliances

(PDAs) that were read on personal computers. Today e-books are available in a

range of formats and accessible using a diversity of devices, including are PCs, PDAs,

1 http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/electronic_book.html 2 Judy, Pearsall. (2001).Concise Oxford Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 55

Blackberry’s, Tablets, Mobile Phones and iPad. Each format has its own features and specific reader software is needed to enable the e-book to be read or viewed on a device.

The major international publishers of e-books for the tertiary education libraries are: Cambridge University Press, Springer, Elsevier, RSC Publishing, Taylor and

Francis, Wiley Interscience, Oxford University Press.

Here is the “virtual” journey of e-books:

1971: Project Gutenberg is the first digital library

1990: The web boosts the internet

1993: The Online Books Page is a list of free eBooks’

1994: Some publishers get bold and go digital

1995: Amazon.com is the first main online bookstore

1996: There are more and more texts online

1997: Multimedia convergence and employment

1998: Libraries take over the web

1999: Librarians get digital

2000: Information is available in many languages

2001: Copyright, copy left and Creative Commons

2002: A web of knowledge

2003: eBooks are sold worldwide

2004: Authors are creative on the net

2005: Google gets interested in eBooks’

2006: Towards a world public digital library

2007: We read on various electronic devices

2008: "A common information space in which we communicate"

2009: Amazon.com launches Kindle 2

2010: Google launches Google eBooks

2011: Amazon launches Kindle fire and Kindle touch

2012: Kbuuk released the cloud based e-book for Saas platform

2013: Scribd launched the first public unlimited access subscription for e-book

2014: Amazon launches Kindle Unlimited as an unlimited access e-book and Audio book

E-book providers-

Pixelar e-reader by pixelar (2008-09)

Plastic Logic (2009)

Kindle by Amazon (2007)

Kindle 2 by Amazon(2009)

Cybook Gen 3 by Bookeen (2007)

Sony readers by Sony (2006)

Liad by irex (2006)

Librie by Sony (2004)

The arrival of e-books presents many opportunities for users in new, convenient and cost-effective ways. The success or failure of e-books depends not only on their acceptance by users, but also on the publishing industry’s ability to see beyond traditional business models and recognize that e-books are not just a replacement for paper-based books. They are a new medium with their own potential.

E-Journals:

The term electronic resources came into usage in 1980’s when first electronic journal came into existence. First electronic journals, developed in the 1980s, were

57 e-mailed to the subscribers and made available through FTP in strictly plain text format. The pioneering time form electronic journals was 1990-95, mainly dominated by non-profit making groups interested in exploiting the technology for its own sake. The commercial publishers joined in around 1996 and dominated, mainly with the direct electronic copies with their print journals. With the development of web and scanning technology, adobe portable document format(PDF) and protocol established journals first began to electronic product on the web in 1995 by John Hopkins university press and few journals offered by OCLC online.

Type of E-Journals:

On the basis of accessibility, format, availability etc. electronic journals can be categorized as following.

1. Electronic only- complete article of any journal along with summary or

abstract, available only online having no print counter, part, is known as

electronic journals.

2. Electronic version of print- when journals are provided in both forms i.e.

electronic as well as print. These journals are known as electronic versions of

print.

Feature of E-Journals:

E-journals have various features like searching, linking browsing, archiving, perpetual access etc. Few salient features are listed below:

Accessibility – E-journals can be accessed through username password, IP

address or both.

Searching –Searching is one of the prominent features of e-journals. It save the

time of the users and helps them in quickly locating the desired information.

Browsing –Browsing is another significant feature of the e-journals which

facilitates in various ways like title, author, subject, volume etc.

Linking – It is important feature of e-journals which helps in linking internal as

well as external web pages or digital objects.

Customization –customization allows user to create their profile in selected

journals for their interest. After customization users can receive updates of the

content pages of the selected journals from the publisher by e-mail.

Availability – E-journals are accessible at anytime from anywhere, it never gets

out print or misplaced from the shelves.

Fast communication - E-journals are used for the speedy communication of

outcomes with the research. Library users can access e-journals immediately

after hosting it on the server.

E-Database:-

The concept of electronic database may be understood as a synonym of 'online

database'. Wikipedia defines an online database as a database accessible via a

network including from the Internet. It differs from a local database, held in an

individual computer or its attached storage, such as a CD.1

Developments in information Technology, including computers, storage media, and

software packages have eased access to the large volume of information into

machine readable form. These electronic databases hold the key to improved

1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_database 59 information accessibility with ease and quickness so that scientific community can access information.

Electronic database could be group into various types:

Reference database.

Source database.

Reference databases are of two categories, viz.:

1. Bibliographic

2. Referral

Bibliographic database contains clues to the intellectual content and physical characteristic of pieces of the graphic or printed record of humanity such as journal article, research report, conference proceeding, book or patent etc.

The referral database contains directory type information such as list of persons,

Institutions etc.

Source databases are primary sources of information of data composed of the full text of the information in question and including materials prepared specification for distribution by electronic means. Full text database contain original textual material belonging to primary source as encyclopaedia, newspapers, court decisions, journals etc.

The Indian Scenario:

The First half of the 1990s saw the microcomputer become almost commonplace in libraries in India, and these machines are being used in new and interesting ways in connection with online searching. By 1995, the ability to store enormous amounts of text on compact devices-optical disks, in particular- was no longer a vision of the

future but a reality of the present. Online full text database in India today contain

not only just citations to documents, but also the entire text of the documents

themselves- and the number of such database is increasing. There are a good

number of database available on the Internet today which can be accessed free of

charge.

E-Newspaper:-

An e-newspaper is a self-contained, reusable and refreshable version of traditional

newspaper that acquires and holds information electronically.1

The challenge involved in creating a viable electronic newspaper is to develop a

device that has the desirable characteristics of a traditional newspaper in addition

to its own inherent benefits.

Electronic newspapers retrieve information electronically from online databases,

process it electronically with word processors, desktop publishing packages and a

variety of more technical hardware and software and transmit it electronically to

the end-users.

History and Development:

The birth of the electronic newspaper can be traced back to the early 1970s and the

development of teletext, a one way text display. In 1979 the first videotext system,

Prestel, was launched, which incorporated graphics and allowed interaction. The

1990s however have seen a renaissance in electronic newspaper development. At

the start of the 1990s, there was only one electronic newspaper in existence, the

1 http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/defination

Star- Telegraph and today there has been tremendous growth in number of e- newspaper around the world.

Some of the Major e-newspaper and its websites details are here:

Sr.No. E-Newspaper Websites

1 Aajkal www.aajkaal.net

2 Amar Ujala www.amarujala.com

3 Asian Age www.asianage.com

4 Business standard www.business-standard.com

5 Dainik Bhaskar www.bhaskar.com

6 Deccan Herald www.deccanheraldepaper.com

7 Divya Bhaskar www.divyabhaskar.co.in

8 DNA www.dnaindia.com

9 Financial Express www.financialexpress.com

10 Economic Times www.economictimes.indiatimes.com

11 Indian Express www.epaper.indianexpress.com

12 Hindustan Times www.paper.hindustantimes.com

13 Telegraph www.epaper.telegraphindia.com

14 The Hindu www.thehindu.com

15 Times of India www.epaper.timesofindia.com

ETDs:-

ETDs comprise a new generation of scientific documents which consist of audio-

visual materials and are originally produced, organized, and presented to the user in

the electronic format.

The Online Dictionary of Information and Library Sciences defines ETDs as theses

and dissertations presented digitally rather than on paper. In this dictionary, ETDs

are differentiated from TDs, which are presented on paper and usually converted to

machine-read format after being scanned.1

History of ETDs:

As electronic publishing technologies develop, a number of parties have been

considering the potential of this genre. In 1987, UMI hosted an ETD workshop, and

in 1992 and 1994 representatives from at least ten universities held meetings. In

1996, the South-eastern Universities Research Association (SURA) provided

$90,000 to Virginia Tech to explore ETDs as SGML documents and the project staff

developed a still-evolving Document Type Definition called ETD-ML. To extend

ETDs to the national level, in 1997 Virginia Tech received funding from the U.S.

Department of Education’s Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education.

Benefits of ETDs

In the past, a university’s quality was related to its library, but in the future it may

be related to a digital library of ETDs. Researchers will discover innovation. ETDs

present clear benefits to scholarship. Theses and dissertation are original research

1 Reitz, Joan M. (2004), ODLIS Dictionary for Library and Information Sciences. Libraries Unlimited, 2004-2005

63 and are under used. ETD programs can improve technological literacy and give faculty quicker access to research.

To empower researcher to convey a richer message through the use of

multimedia and hypermedia technologies;

To improve education by allowing researcher to produce electronic documents,

use digital libraries and understand issues in publishing;

To increase the availability of research for scholars and preserve it

electronically;

To lower the cost of submitting and handling theses and dissertations;

To empower universities to unlock their information resources; and

To advance digital library technology.

Indian Scenario:

Digital libraries in India began in the mid-1990s, with the support of the government, and a conference on digital libraries in 1996. The digital library movement in India is still in the beginning stages. The Action Plan of the National

Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development made it mandatory for all Indian universities to host their theses and dissertations on a designated website. This policy provided a framework for creating a digital library of ETDs. INFLIBNET began work to make post-graduate research available in 1994, hosting a database of PhD theses submitted to Indian universities. A number of institutions have worked together to create an Indian ETD library, including IISC,

Bangalore, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research,

Mumbai, and Sri Venkateswar University, Tirupati. Another project is Vidyanidhi, a

Sanskrit word that means “treasure of knowledge.” It began as a pilot project in

2000 at the Department of Library and Information Science, University of Mysore, with the sponsorship of National Information System for Science and Technology,

Government of India. In the year of 2010 INFLIBNET launched Shodhganga is the name coined to denote digital repository of Indian Electronic Theses and

Dissertations set-up by the INFLIBNET Centre. The word "Shodh" originates from

Sanskrit and stands for research and discovery. Presently 214 universities across the country have joined Shodhganga that now has nearly 38000 theses. Several others are in the process of digitisation.This would overcome serious problem of duplication of research and poor quality resulting from the "poor visibility" and the

"unseen" factor in research output.

The greatest advantages of ETDs are avoiding duplication in research work, ensuring quick retrieval of information, promoting resource sharing, and providing a permanent solution to the problem of space.

E-Patent:

Patent is set of exclusive right granted by a government to an inventor to manufacture, use, or sell an invention for a certain number of years. An Invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, and may be a product or a process.

Patents are a form of intellectual property.

The word patent originates from the Latin patere, which means “to lay open (i.e. to make available for public inspection). More directly, it is a shortened version of the term which was a granting exclusive right to a person, predating the modern patent system.

In modern usage, the Patent usually refers to the right granted to anyone who invents any new, useful, and non-obvious process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter.

Indian Scenario:

In India, efforts are made for the protection of human intellect through patent filings. For this purpose India has become a part of the global patent regime. Indian

Patent office (IPO) is creating the awareness among the R&D community regarding the patents and their global benefits. From 18th July 2007, e-filing facility for patent applications initiated for ease in filing of patents.

Patent documents are also uploaded on patent office website http://ipindia.nic.in.

International co-operation for improving the patent administration has increased in

India by initiating cooperative activities with WIPO. Bilateral Agreements signed with UK Patent Office, France, European Patent Office, USPTO, Japan Patent Office,

Switzerland, Germany, by initiating technology and Investment Development

Programme. Indian Patent Office has developed its activities by modernizing the activities and services. It has initiated the Human Resource Development

Programmes and Public Awareness Programmes.

PATENT DATABASE:

A patent database is constituted by a collection of patent documents and/or

elements of information units concerning these documents. Each unique patent

document constitutes a record and series of information units concerning the patent

document constitute fields of the database. Some databases offer many more

searchable fields. Respective websites hosting the databases provide full list of such

searchable fields. Many patent databases are available for searching.

List of some of the patent database which provides free access:

1. Australia: http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au

2. Canada: http://brevets-patents.ic.gc.ca

3. European Patent Office: http://www.epo.org

4. India: http://ipindia.nic.in

5. Japan: http://www.ipdl.inpit.go.jp

6. Singapore: http://www.epatents.gov.sg

7. USA: http://patft.uspto.gov

8. UK: http://www.ipo.gov.uk

9. Free patents online: http://www.freepatentsonline.com

10. Google: http://www.google.com

11. Patent Scope: http://patentscope.wipo.int

E-Maps:-

A map is a visual representation of an area – a symbolic depiction, highlighting

relationships between elements of that space such as objects, regions, and themes.1

1 http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com 67

E-Map is an electronic map for new Internet travelers in the same way that the oil company road map in the 1920's and 1930's was a highway map for new auto travelers. The goal of E-Map is to provide a starting point for entry into places of enlightenment, entertainment and education on the Internet. E-Map identifies high quality, broad interest World-Wide Web sites that can teach, illuminate, and inspire.

In essence, E-Map is meant to serve as a "pico portal" for users interested in quality

Internet resources.

Types of Maps:

Atlas

Thematic map

Topographic map

Street map

Weather map

Political map

CD/DVD-ROMs:-

The most popular and least expensive type of optical disc in Compact Disk Read

Only memory or CD ROM. As the name indicates, these disks come pre-recorded and cannot be altered. CD ROM is, in other words, a read only storage medium. Still CD

Rom Provides an excellent way to distributes large amounts of data at low costs.

The newer optical disk format, digital video disc (DVD) is capable of storing more data (up to 17 GB) and able to transfer data high speed. Digital video disc can store an entire digitized movie. Digital video disc are designed to work with video-player and television. For computer data, a different format is used called DVD-ROM

(digital video disc ROM. DVD-ROM is primarily designed to work with a special drive

and a computer. Thus CD/DVD ROM considerably act as the standby option to

online e-resources.

Indian scenario for E-Resources:-

Libraries function as an essential integral component in higher education system.

Academic libraries in India are facing a lot of problems due to static budget and exponential price hike of library collections. The library environment is currently undergoing a rapid and dynamic revolution leading to new generation of libraries with the emphasis on E-resources. A lot of efforts have been taken in past few years to overcome this problem of financial crunch by resource sharing through consortia for university libraries. UGC-INFONET and INDEST-AICTE consortium are two major initiatives for university library users. These revolutionary steps are providing scholarly resources including peer reviewed journals, databases, abstracts proceeding etc. These efforts must be boon to university library users which will definitely boost the level of higher education system in our country. Library

Consortium is a group of two or more libraries which have agreed to co-operate with one another in order to fulfil certain similar needs, usually resource sharing. It usually, refers to co-operation, coordination and collaboration between, and amongst libraries for the purpose of sharing information. Consortia are basically, evolving a form of cooperation among the libraries which come together to share resources electronically. It has gained momentum even in developing countries like India.

Some of the successful library consortia setup so far in India is:

1) UGC-INFONET E-journal consortium. 69

2) Indian National Digital library in Engineering, Sciences and Technology (INDEST)

Consortium.

3) Inter University Centres (IUC-DAEF Consortia)

4) Health Sciences Library and Information Network (HELINET)

5) Forum for Resource Sharing in Astronomy and Astrophysics (FORSA)

6) Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR e-journals consortium)

Apart from the mentioned consortia, there have been efforts to setup similar kind of consortia by ICAR, ICMR, ICSSR and other government agencies to provide and access to e-resources. Among the above all consortia, UGC-INFONET and INDEST-AICTE consortium are proving to be a boon for the academic users. These two major initiatives have come to the rescue of academic libraries so that they can cater to the needs of academic depending upon them. These revolutionary steps are providing scholarly resources including peer reviewed journals, databases, abstracts, proceedings etc. these efforts will boost the higher education system in India.

Z UGC INFONET Consortium:

The UGC INFONET Digital Library Consortium is major initiative of University

Grants commission (UGC) to bring qualitative change in academic libraries in India.

It was formally launched in December, 2003 by Honourable Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam,

the then President of India, soon after providing the Internet connectivity to the

universities in the year 2003 under the UGC-INFONET programme. It is a national

initiative for providing access to scholarly electronic resources including full-text

and bibliographic databases in all subject disciplines to academic community in

India. It facilitates access to high quality-resources to academia in the country to

70 improve teaching, learning and research.

The Consortium provides current as well as archival access to more than 5,000 core and peer-reviewed journals and nine bibliographic databases in different disciplines from 23 publishers and aggregators. The access to all major e-resources was given

50 universities in first phase in the year 2004. It has now been extended to 157 universities in three different phases.

In terms of number of users, the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium is the

Largest Consortium in India with a vision and plan to reach out to all universities and colleges affiliated to these universities, over a period of time.

The resources subscribed by the Consortium can broadly be divided into the following two categories: i) Full-text Electronic Resources

Full-text electronic resources contain complete articles along with their bibliographic details. All full-text resources subscribed by the Consortium contain electronic journals. ii) Bibliographic Databases

Bibliographic databases contain references to articles published in journals, conference proceedings or chapters in books. Most bibliographic databases contain abstracts of the articles along with links to their full-text.

A list of full-text resources and bibliographic databases subscribed under the

Consortium is given in below.

Sr.No. E-Resources URL No. of Journals Full-text Resources 1 ACS http://www.pubs.acs.org 31 2 AIP http://www.scitation.org 18 3 APS http://www.scitation.org 10 4 Annual Reviews http://arjournals.annualreviews.org 33 5 Blackwell http://www.blackwell-synergy.com 797 6 CUP-STM http://www.journals.cambridge.org 224 7 Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com 34 8 Emerald http://iris.emeraldinsight.com 29 9 Institute of Physics http://www.iop.org/EJ 46 10 Jstor http://www.jstor.org 729 11 Nature http://www.nature.com 1 12 OUP http://www.oxfordjournals.org 202 13 Portland Press http://portlandpress.com/pp/default.htm 8 14 Project Euclid http://projecteuclid.org 21 15 Project Muse http://muse.jhu.edu/journals 389 16 RSC http://www.rsc.org 26 17 SIAM Journals http://epubs.siam.org 14 18 Springer Link http://www.springerlink.com 1236 19 Taylor & Francis http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk 1076 Bibliographic Database 20 JCCC http://jccc-infonet.informindia.co.in 150 21 MathSciNet http://www.ams.org/mathscinet 50 22 SciFinder Scholar http://www.cas.org/Scifinder/Scholar/index.html 20 23 Analytical Abstracts http://www.rsc.org/publishing/current 100 awareness/AA/index.asp 24 Catalysts &Catalysed http://www.rsc.org/publishing/current 100 Reaction awareness/CCR/About.asp 25 Methods in Organic http://www.rsc.org/publishing/current 100 Synthesis awareness/MOS/index.asp. 26 Natural Product http://www.rsc.org/publishing/current 100 Updates awareness/npu/About.asp. 27 Chemical Hazards in http://www.rsc.org/publishing/current 100 Industry awareness/CHI/index.asp. 28 Laboratory Hazards in http://www.rsc.org/publishing/current 100 Bulletin awareness/LHB/index.asp. 29 ISID http://isid.org.in 157

Z INDEST-AICTE CONSORTIUM:

The “Indian National Digital Library in Engineering Sciences and Technology

(INDEST) Consortium” was set up in 2003 by the Ministry of Human Resources development (MHRD) on the recommendation of an Expert Group appointed by the

Ministry. The IIT Delhi has been designated as the consortium Headquarters to coordinate its activities. The Ministry provides funds required for providing access to electronic resources to the core members through the consortium. The total no. of

62 centrally funded Government Institutions including IITs, IISC Bangalore, NITs,

ISM, IIMS, NITTTRs and few other institution that are considered as core members of the consortium. 60 Govt. /Govt. aided engineering colleges are provide access to selected electronic resources with financial support from AICTE and 102 universities/institutions have joined in the consortium under its self-supported category in 2012. The consortium subscribers to over 12000 electronic journals from a number of publishers and aggregators. The consortium website at http//paniit.iitd.ac.in.

E-resources available through the INDEST AICTE Consortium

Full – Text E-Resources

ABI / Inform Complete

ACM Digital Library

ASCE Journals

ASME Journals

ASTM Standards and Journals

Capitaline

CRIS INFAC Ind. Information

Digital Engineering Library (DEL)

EBSCO Databases

Elsevier’s Science Direct

Emerald Full-text

Emerald Management Xtra

Engineering Science Data Unit (ESDU)

Euro monitor (GMID)

IEEE / IEEE Electronic Library Online (IEL)

Indian Standards

INSIGHT

Nature

Proquest Science (formerly ASTP)

Springer Link

Bibliographic Databases

COMPENDEX on EI Village

INSPEC on EI Village

J-Gate Custom Content for Consortia (JCCC)

MathSciNet

SciFinder Scholar

Web of Science

Z Inter University Centres (IUC-DAEF)

Inter University Consortium for DAE Facilities (IUC-DAEF) is an autonomous institution established by the UGC, New Delhi with headquarters at Indore and centres at Indore, Mumbai and Kolkata. IUC coordinates research/projects from scientists from all Indian Universities on major facilities like Dhruva reactor,

Variable Energy Cyclotron, INDUS-I, etc. created by Department of Atomic Energy and in addition maintains supplementary research facilities at these centres. Indore and Mumbai centres have supporting equipment and other research facilities like

ESCA, XRD, EXAFS, SAXS and facilities for studying magnetic, dielectric and transport properties at low temperatures. These unique facilities have led to many high impact research publications from the university system.

Z Health Sciences Library and Information Network (HELINET)

HELINET is Health Science Library and Information Network. It is the first consortia in the country. The consortium was started to improve the quality of education and research in the Health Science institutions. Before the launch of this consortium, access to foreign medical journals by each college was limited to around 100.

HELINET has made it possible for each college to access and share the contents in more than 600 journals.

Z Forum for Resources Sharing in Astronomy and Astrophysics (FORSA)

FORSA is an example of the Open Consortium category. It is an open model having participant institutes affiliated to different government departments. This is a model where professionals willingly come forward and support consortia formation.

FORSA has become a spring board for the sharing and exchange of information and

75 has had several meetings to map out programmes and needs with ever-changing information handling scenario. There were seven Founding Members, viz. IIAP, PRL,

RAC, RRI, TIFR and TIFR Centre, which came together to formulate strategies for cooperation, collaboration and coordination for resource sharing. At present, there are twelve members in the FORSA. Since 1989, FORSA members have met every alternate year in conjunction with the Annual Meeting of the Astronomical Society of

India. A noteworthy feature of such meetings is that FORSA Members interact with astronomers’ in the Joint Session, in which developments in library and information handling activities relating to astronomy/astrophysics are presented and comments from the user community are solicited to improve and expand library services.

Z Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR E-Journal Consortium)

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), a public-funded organisation, is India’s largest R & D organisation established in 1942 with a chain of 37 National laboratories and Institutes. CSIR labs set up a network project under

10th Five year plan period 2002-2007 targeting to access 4500 e-journals. National

Institute of Science and Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) was identified as the coordinator for implementing the consortium. CSIR e-Journals

Consortium strengthens its library resources by pooling, sharing and providing electronic access services like e-journals and international databases to its scholars and scientists. CSIR Consortium has proved to be a great success and its impact can be measured in terms of revenue saving, usage of e-journals in terms of downloads and contribution of articles in international journals.

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UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN GUJARAT: AN OVERVIEW

The State of Gujarat - Brief Introduction:-

The State of Gujarat is situated on the western coast of India, Bounded by the

Arabian Sea to the west, Rajasthan in the North, Madhya Pradesh in the East and

Maharashtra in the South. The state also shares an International border with

Pakistan in the north western fringe. It has the longest coastline of 1600 km which is also the longest among all states in the country.

Gujarat is one of the most prosperous states of the country owing to its booming economy and industry and considered one among the best industrialized state of

India. The state currently has 26 districts (226 Talukas, 18618 villages, 242 towns). Gandhinagar, the capital city of Gujarat is located close to Ahmedabad, the commercial capital. Gujarat is known for its rich culture and tradition. It is famous for its exquisite handicrafts and textiles.

Population size and Density of Population:

The state’s population is 6.03 Crore according to 2011 census which is approximately 4.99 %of the total Indian Population. The population of the state recorded an increase of 19.17 % between population census 2001 and population census 2011 which is more repaid than the population of the country as a whole. Between 2001 and 2011 population census India's population increased by around 17.64 %. Gujarat accounted for 4.99 % of India's population at the 2011 population census where as the geographical area of Gujarat is

5.96% of the geographical area of India. In terms of population, Gujarat ranks

10th amongst the states and union territories of the country However, in terms of population density, the state ranks 15th in the country among state having union territories and the National capital territories of Delhi.

On the basis of the population figures of the 2011 population census, the population sex ratio in Gujarat is estimated to the 918 female per 1000 males which are well below the national average of 940 females per 1000 males.

Between 2001 and 2011, the population sex ratio in the state recorded a marginal decrease where during the same period; the population sex ratio in

India recorded an increase from 933 female’s per1000 males in 2001 to 940 females per 1000 males in 2011.

Literacy Rate:

The literacy rate among the Gujarat has improved. The literacy rate has increased 79.31 % in 2011 from 69.97 % recorded during census 2001. In rural areas the literacy rate is 73.00 % and in urban areas it is 87.58%. The male literacy rate is 87.23% (Rural 83.10%, urban 92.44 %) which is higher than the female literacy rate of 70.73 % (Rural 62.41%, Urban 82.08%). The increase in female literacy rate is significantly higher in all areas. It is significant to note that the gap in literacy rate among males and females has reduced to 16.50 point in the state from 21.86 points in 2001. The table gives district wise information pertaining to population distribution, percentage decadal growth rate, sex ration and density of population.

Table - 1

Distribution of Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Sex-Ratio and Population Density

Sex- Ratio Percentage (No. of Population decadal growth Population 2011 Females density per sq. rate of Dist. per 1000 km. State/Dist. population Code Males)

Persons Males Females 1991-01 2001-11 2001 2011 2001 2011

Gujarat 60,383,628 31,482,282 28,901,346 22.66 19.17 920 918 258 308

01 Kachchh 2,090,313 1,096,343 993,970 25.40 32.03 942 907 35 46

02 Banaskantha 3,116,045 1,609,148 1,506,897 26.38 24.43 930 936 233 290

03 Patan 1,342,746 694,062 648,684 14.16 13.53 932 935 206 234

04 Mehsana 2,027,727 1,053,337 974,390 12.08 9.91 927 925 421 462

05 Sabarkantha 2,427,346 1,244,491 1,182,855 18.25 16.56 947 950 282 328

06 Gandhinagar 1,387,478 722,459 665,019 21.73 12.15 913 920 589 660

07 Ahmadabad 7,208,200 3,787,050 3,421,150 27.25 22.31 892 903 727 890

08 Surendranagar 1,755,873 910,266 845,607 25.34 15.89 924 929 144 167

09 Rajkot 3,799,770 1,975,131 1,824,639 26.08 19.87 930 924 283 339

10 Jamnagar 2,159,130 1,114,360 1,044,770 21.79 13.38 941 938 135 153

11 Porbandar 586,062 300,967 285,095 14.35 9.17 946 947 234 255

12 Junagadh 2,742,291 1,404,506 1,337,785 17.07 12.01 955 952 277 310

13 Amreli 1,513,614 770,651 742,963 6.50 8.59 987 964 188 205

14 Bhavnagar 2,877,961 1,490,465 1,387,496 19.31 16.53 937 931 247 288

15 Anand 2,090,276 1,088,253 1,002,023 13.04 12.57 910 921 631 711

16 Kheda 2,298,934 1,187,098 1,111,836 13.32 12.81 923 937 479 541

17 Panchmahal 2,388,267 1,227,805 1,160,462 20.39 17.92 938 945 389 458

18 Dahod 2,126,558 1,070,843 1,055,715 28.44 29.95 985 986 448 582

19 Vadodara 4,157,568 2,150,229 2,007,339 19.87 14.16 919 934 482 551

20 Narmada 590,379 301,270 289,109 14.47 14.77 949 960 187 214

21 Bharuch 1,550,822 805,945 744,877 19.37 13.14 921 924 210 238

22 The Dangs 226,769 112,976 113,793 29.59 21.44 987 1007 106 129

23 Navsari 1,330,711 678,423 652,288 13.24 8.24 955 961 557 602

24 Valsad 1,703,068 884,064 819,004 29.65 20.74 920 926 465 561

25 Surat 6,079,231 3,399,742 2,679,489 54.30 42.19 810 788 968 1376

26 Tapi 806,489 402398 404091 14.78 12.07 996 1004 222 249

History:

'Gujarat - The Land of the Legends ' Gujarat gets its name from "GujjarRashtra", the land of Gujjars, a migrant tribe who came to India in the wake of the invading

Huns in the 5th Century. The history of Gujarat dates back to 2000 BC. It is believed that lord Krishna left Mathura to settle on the west coast of Saurashtra, which later came to be known as Dwarka, the gateway. Later it saw various kingdoms: Mauryas, Guptas, Pratiharas and others. It was with Chalukya

(Solankis) that witnessed progress and prosperity. In spite of the plundering of

Mahmud Ghazni, the Chalukya kings were able to maintain general prosperity and well-being of the state. After the glorious respite, Gujarat faced troubled times under the Muslims, Marathas and the British rule. Before Independence, the present territories of Gujarat used to be in two parts, the British and the

Princely territories. With the re-organisation of the States, the Union of the States of Saurashtra and the union Territory of Kachchh along with the former British,

Gujarat became a part of biggest bilingual State of Bombay. The present State of

Gujarat was formed in 1st May 1960, as a result of Bombay Reorganization act,

1960. The state is bounded by the Arabian Sea on the west, Pakistan and

Rajasthan in the north and north-east respectively, Madhya Pradesh in the south east and Maharashtra in the South.

Higher Education in Gujarat:

Development of education is important for ensuring overall development of a country. For developing countries it is more or less mandatory to focus on the development of education sector. However, within the education sector, the level of education which is supposed to be compulsory in the country becomes a priority sector.

Gujarat is fast emerging as a hub for specialized education with the setting up of specialized universities in disciplines like petroleum, security, forensic sciences, education of children and law and teachers training. Society for creation of

Proficiency in English (SCOPE) and Gujarat Knowledge Society are imparting functional English knowledge and vocational education to increase employability of youth through development of sector specific skills.

The government of Gujarat plays an important role in enhancing the education scenario of the state. The education system of Gujarat attracts students from all over the nation. There are 46 universities functioning in Gujarat.

Statistical Details of Higher education in Gujarat

Details Total No. of Universities State Universities 9 Central Universities 1 Deemed Universities 2 Private Aided Deemed Universities 2 Private Universities 17 Open University 1 Special Universities 10 Agricultural Universities 4 Research Institutes L D Institute of Indology 1

Shri Maharshi Ved Vigyan Academy 1 Gujarat Research Society 1 S.P. Institute of Economics & Social Research 1 Gujarat Institute of Development Research 1 B.J. Adhyayan & SansodhanVidyabhavan 1 Dwarka Sanskrit Academy &Indological Research 1 Institute Centre for Social Studies 1 B.M. Institute of Mental Health 1 Institute of National Indian Institute of Management 1 Importance Indian Institute of Technology 1 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Institute of 1 Technology National Institute of Design 1 Institute of Rural Management 1 Physical Research Laboratory 1 Plasma Research Institute 1 Indian Institute of Advance Research 1 Colleges Govt. College 71 Grant in Aid Colleges 357

University of Gujarat:

The emphasis on higher education in India can be understood by the number of universities currently present in India and the quality of education they provide.

As of 2015, there are 710 universities in India including 46 Central Universities,

327 State universities and 130 Deemed Universities and 207 Private

Universities, as per the latest statistics from the website of University Grants

Commission India.

In Gujarat there are 46 university level institutions including 9 state universities,

1 central university, 2 deemed university, 2 private aided, 17 private universities, 1 Open University, 10 special university and 4 agricultural universities.

Growth of Universities in Gujarat

Sr. Name of the University Estd. Type of Location No. year Uni. 1 The Maharaja Sayajirao University 1949 State Vadodara

2 Gujarat University 1950 State Ahmedabad

3 Sardar Patel University 1955 State Vallabh Vidyanagar 4 Saurashtra University 1955 State Rajkot

Central 5 Gujarat Vidyapith 1963 Ahmedabad Deemed 6 Veer Narmad South Gujarat University 1965 State Surat

7 Gujarat Ayurved University 1968 Special Jamnagar

8 Sardar Krushinagar Dantiwada 1972 State Sabarkantha Agricultural University 9 Junagadh Agricultural University 1972 State Junagadh

10 Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar 1978 State Bhavnagar University Hemchandracharya North Gujarat 1986 State Patan 11 University 12 Dr. Babasaheb Ambdekar Open University 1995 Open Ahmedabad 13 Dharmsinh Desai University 2000 Private Nadiad Deemed 14 Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information 2001 Private Gandhinagar and Communication Technology 15 Gujarat National Law University 2003 Special Gandhinagar

16 Nirma University 2003 private Ahmedabad

17 Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma 2004 State Bhuj Kachchh University 18 Anand Agricultural University 2004 State Anand

19 Navsari Agricultural University 2004 State Navsari

20 Ganpat University 2005 Private Kherva

21 Shree Somnath Sanskrit University 2005 State Veraval

22 Centre for Environmental Planning and 2005 Private Ahmedabad Technology University Deemed 23 Indus University 2006 Private Ahmedabad

24 Gujarat Technology University 2007 Special Ahmedabad

25 Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University 2007 Special Gandhinagar

26 Sumandeep Vidyapith 2007 Deemed Vadodara Uni. 27 Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya 2007 Private Gandhinagar

28 Gujarat Forensic Sciences University 2008 Special Gandhinagar

29 Central University of Gujarat 2009 Central Gandhinagar

30 Calorex Teacher’s University 2009 Private Ahmedabad

31 Children University 2009 Special Gandhinagar

Charotar University of Science & 32 2009 Private Changa Technology 33 Navrachana University 2009 Private Vadodara

34 Ahmedabad University 2009 Private Ahmedabad

35 Raksha Shakti University 2009 Special Gandhinagar

36 Kamdhenu University 2009 Special Gandhinagar

37 The Indian Institute of Teacher Education 2010 Special Gandhinagar

38 R.K. University 2011 Private Rajkot

39 Auro University 2011 Private Surat

40 Uka Tarsadia University 2011 Private Bardoli

41 Rai University 2011 Private Gandhinagar

42 Swarnim Gujarat Sports University 2011 Special Gandhinagar

43 C U Shah University 2014 Private Surendranagar

44 Parul University 2014 Private Waghodia

45 Lakulish Yoga University 2014 Private Ahmedabad

46 G.L.S University 2015 Private Ahmedabad

Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda:-

The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda was founded by Sir Pratapsingh

Rao Gaekwad under a trust known as Sir Sayajirao Diamond Jubilee and

Memorial Trust. The concept of opening M S University was visualized by Dr.

Jackson in 1908. The university was originally known as the Baroda college of

Science (established 1881), it became a university in 1949 after the independence of the country. It was later renamed after its benefactor Maharaja

Sayajirao Gaekwad III, the former ruler of Baroda State belonging the royal

Gaekwad dynasty of the Marathas.

This university empowers the intellectual ability of its pupil by offering them

Doctoral, Masters, Bachelors, Post Graduate (PG) Diploma, and Certificates programs in diverse areas. It is a teaching and residential university and medium of instruction is English for all courses. Academic programs of teaching departments are as follows:

Academic Programmes:

Faculty of Arts

Faculty of Commerce

Faculty of Science

Faculty of Education and Psychology

Faculty of Medicine

Faculty of Technology & Engineering

Faculty of Law

Faculty of Fine Arts

Faculty of Family and Community Sciences

Faculty of Social work

Faculty of Performing Arts

Faculty of Management Studies

Faculty of journalism and Communication

Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya

Polytechnic

MK Amin Arts Science and Commerce College

University Library:

Shrimati Hansa Mehta Library, the University Library of M S University of Baroda was established on May1, 1950. At the time of establishment of the M. S.

University of Baroda, a collection of 25,000 books belonging to the two State

Libraries (Huzur Political Office and Secretariat Library) was handed over to the

University Library. There were several colleges in Baroda - Baroda College (for

Arts), Science Institute, Commerce College, and Secondary Teacher’s Training

College etc. These colleges had libraries of their own. These libraries continued to remain as Faculty Libraries and were administered independently. Thus the

University Library System was established on 1-5-1950, which was housed in the central block of Old Residency Office Building.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the then President of India laid down the Foundation stone of Smt. Hansa Mehta Library of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda on

16th November 1954.

The existing building of the Smt. Hansa Mehta Library (University Library) was designed with great foresight and a high level of structural marvels. The library is housed in a modular structure building having different sections. The total

built up area of the Library is 80,025 sq. ft. It has a single Reading room of 10,600

sq. ft. which can accommodate about 1100 readers at a time and is open to

readers from 08.00 AM to10.00PM.

Gujarat University:-

Gujarat University a state university was established in 1949 under the Gujarat

University Act of the State Government as teaching and affiliating University. The

university is a member of the Association of Indian Universities, AIU. Approved

by University Grant Commission, UGC, it has got B++ grade from National

Assessment and Accreditation Council, NAAC. It offers Doctorate, Postgraduate,

Undergraduate, Diploma and certificate courses in several fields like Computer

application, Business Administration, Journalism, Mass communication, Library

Science etc.

It provides facilities like Library, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Reading Centre,

Health Centre, Women’s Development Cell, James Reaney Canadian Study Centre.

An Employment Bureau, located in campus, helps students in finding

employment. Youth Welfare programs have been found quite helpful in assisting

the students. Separate hostels are available for boy and girl students. Sports

Complex, Canteen, Internet Access Centre, Air Theatre and NRS Hall are other

facilities in the campus.

The school wise names of teaching department are as follows:

School of Commerce

School of Law

School of Science

School of Social Science

School of Language

B K School of Business Management

School of Education, Philosophy and Psychology

Centre for Development Communication

University Library:

Gujarat university library was started along with its parent body, the Gujarat

University. The University Library moved to its newly constructed building in

May 1967. The Library has more than 3,50,457 books. 11,600 E-Books and 8,500

E-Journals. The Library adds about 5000 books every year and subscribes to about 170 Printed periodicals in various subjects. This library caters to the needs of the students and teachers of the University at large. In addition, there are small libraries attached to each school / department in which house texts and reference books on courses being currently offered by the respective school / department are provided. These books are issued from the Central Library on long-term basis to each school / department. The department and school libraries offer books and reading-room facilities to their students and teachers.

Also there is a reading room attached to the Central Library. The reading room can accommodate 600 readers. They can sit and read at the same time. For those students who find the Central Library away from their residence, nearer centres are provided by the university in the Ahmedabad city, such as centers at Hajipur,

Saraspur and Khokhra-Mehemdabad.

Present Scenario

Gujarat University Library signed memorandum of understanding on

“Shodhganaga” A Repository of Indian Electronic Theses and dissertation with

Dr. Jagdish Arora, Director, and INFLIBNET Centre on 4th June 2012 in presence

of Shri Ramanbhai Vora, Hon’ble Education Minister of Gujarat. 172 PhD Theses

of Various disciplines were uploaded and made available for open access.

Gujarat University Library is in the last stage of automation. Students, Research

Scholars and faculty members can access the 3, 14,097 Bibliographical database,

E-Resources, E-Books, E-Journals & Useful Websites through WEBOPAC in any

corner of the Gujarat University.

Sardar Patel University:-

Sardar Patel University was established by an Act of the Legislative Assembly of

the then Bombay Province in December 1955 and was recognised under 2f of the

UGC Act in October 1968.It has been named after one of the greatest and

illustrious sons of India and a great independence leader, Sardar Vallabhbhai

Patel. SPU is situated in Vallabh Vidyanagar. The Educational township of Vallabh

Vidyanagar is close to the milk city of India (Anand) in terms of its strategic

geographical location. NAAC has given four stars Status to the university.

SPU offers a comprehensive range of courses covering virtually all major

disciplines and fields of study from the graduate to the doctoral level. It also

offers a wide range of research and development facilities. The University offers

40 graduate and post graduate courses, 20 diploma courses and 8 certificate

courses in mainstream faculty disciplines in Arts, Science, Business Studies,

Education, Home Science, Law, Medicine, Pharmacy, Engineering, Technology

and Homoeopathy. All the Postgraduate Departments are networked for VSAT-

Internet connectivity, both for their academic and research purposes. With such

a variety of disciplines available, it is possible for any prospective student to

choose what he/she would like to do while pursuing further studies.

It is currently implementing a major campus diversity initiative project with

generous financial support from the Ford Foundation. The University intends to

launch a major programme to enhance Industry-University interaction and

linkages with UNESCO-UNIDO support.

University Library:

Bhaikaka library caters to the need of Information to all Faculties, Students and

Research Scholars of Sardar Patel University and its affiliated colleges of Sardar

Patel University. There are 20 post Graduate Departmental Libraries under the

umbrella of Bhaikaka Library including National Board of Mathematics of Higher

Mathematics western region library at PG Department of Mathematics of Sardar

Patel University. Bhaikaka Library is Computerised and accessible via OPAC.

Automation is carried out with help of SOUL 2.0 software.

Saurashtra University:-

Saurashtra University was established in 1967 at Rajkot. It is spread over 410

acres of land. The jurisdiction of Saurashtra University includes Amreli,

Jamnagar, Porbandar, Rajkot and Surendranagar districts. It has been distinctly

lucky to avail of the erudition and academic experience of various distinguished

educationists, beginning with the late Prof. Dolarrai Mankad, the founder Vice

Chancellor of the University. University has also gets NAAC accredited with four

94 stars in 2002. The university offers Graduate, PG, M.Phil and PhD courses in its faculties in accordance with Industry Institution Interaction Cell. It has 28 Post graduate Departments on its campus and 320 affiliated colleges. A well-equipped central Library, Career Counselling and Development centre, Centre for Women’s studies, Bank, Post office, Playground, Botanical Garden for Ayurvedic medicinal plants, Radio station for Gyanvani are the key facilities of the university.

There are 28 teaching departments running on the campus of Saurashtra

University which are listed below.

Teaching Departments:

- Amrutlal Dalpatbhai Sheth Dept. of Journalism

- Department of Biochemistry

- Department of Biosciences

- Department of Business Management

- Department of chemistry

- Department of Commerce

- Department of Computer Science

- Department of Economics

- Department of Education

- Department of Electronics

- Department of Physics

- Department of Psychology

- Department of Pharmaceutical Science

- Department of English & Comparative Literary Studies

- Department of Gujarati

- Department of Hindi

- Department of Human Rights & I.H.L.

- Department of History

- Department of Library & Information Sciences

- Department of Law

- Department of Mathematics

- Department of Philosophy

- Department of Sanskrit

- Department of Social work

- Department of Sociology

- Department of Statistics

- Department of Home Science

- Department of Physical Education

University Library:

The Saurashtra University was established on 23rd May 1967, with the Head

Quarters located both at Rajkot and Bhavnagar. Consequently upon the formation of the Bhavnagar University in 1979. The Head Quarters of the

Saurashtra University is now at Rajkot.

The Saurashtra University Library started functioning along with the University in 1967 in a rental building ‘Dharampur No Utaro’. On the 1st Aug 1967 the

Library was shifted to another building called ‘NandVihar’ in the Jagnath Plot

Area. The library was finally shifted to its own newly constructed building at the

University Campus on 20th June 1973 with the area of 3056.15 Sq. Mt. The

Saurashtra University Library which begun its services with a collection of 3200 books in 1967- 68, has presently over 1,95,143 books. The current growth rate is approximately 3000 books per year along with 350 bound volumes and 100

theses/Dissertations per year. The Library has classified its collection according

to 16th& 21stedition of Dewey decimal classification scheme.

The Saurashtra University Library received 6.50 lakhs grant from INFLIBNET in

1997-98 for automation of Library. At present Library is active collection

computerized with Bar Coding facility and common campus I-Cards. Internet

connectivity of 512kbps has been established in our campus under the UGC Info-

Net program.

An “e-corner” with four systems has been installed for the users. This facility

remains open for 12 hours from 8.00 a.m. to 8.00 p.m. The library is in the

process of digitizing the Ph.D. theses submitted here and e-storing them of PDF

Files which then can be accessed on the intranet on the campus.

Gujarat Vidyapith:-

Gujarat Vidyapith was founded by Mahatma Gandhi on 18th October, 1920.

Gujarat Vidyapith is a deemed university since 1963. Gujarat Vidyapith is funded

by the U. G. C. (University Grants Commission) for higher education programs. It

was started as Rashtriya Vidyapith (National Institute of University Education)

and was the wake of the Non-cooperative Movement. Mahatma Gandhi remained

its life-long Kulpati (Chancellor). The Institute imparts higher education with an

integrated system of education teaching from the Nursery to the Doctorate level.

Use of mother-tongue as a medium of instructions. The main objective is to

prepare workers of character, ability, culture and dedication for the conduct of

movements connected with the regeneration of country in accordance with the

ideals given by Mahatma Gandhi. The guiding principles on which the integrated

97 system of education, from Nursery & Basic Schools to Higher Secondary and from Bachelors to Master, M. Phil. & Doctorate level degree in various disciplines.

The university campus is extended over twenty one acres of land and it has its centers at Gandhinagar, Kheda, Anand and Valsad. The university offers innovative courses in multitude of disciplines. Keeping pace with time, the university modernized in structure and curriculum, and yet maintained its commitment to Gandhian ideals, human studies, social service and development work. The university conducts a wide range of degrees, including doctorate studies. Carrying the traditions, it emphasizes on social Service, Gandhian studies and subjects associated with religion, human studies, and culture. Apart from it, all basic amenities are provided to the students. Recognizing the role of sports and extracurricular activities in the development of a person, the students are encouraged to participate in these. GV has following twelve teaching departments at its campus located at Ahmedabad.

Art

Music

Yoga

Computer Technology

Science

Physical Education

Journalism and Mass Communication

Jainism

Buddhism

Library & Information Science

HRM

Home Science

University Library:

Started since the foundation of the Vidyapith in 1920, the Central Library has grown over the years to become one of the richest repositories of books, journals and manuscripts in Gujarat. The Central Library of the Vidyapith is the statutory referral library of the state for the purpose of copyright. The library remains open 364 days a year, remaining closed only on the first day of the Vikram

Samvat. The membership of the library is open to the public at a nominal fee.

Total member of libraries are 47383 but in 2012-13 the total active members are

2569.The library comprises the main book storage facility, reference section, copyright section, a separate hall for Gandhian studies, the magazine and journal section, a reading hall and a children's section

Vir Narmad South Gujarat University:-

VNSGU is located at Udhana-Magdalla road in Surat and is a semi-urban university which was established under the South Gujarat University Act, 1965 and has been functioning as a university from the year of 1966. It was recognised by University Grants Commission in 1968, it was renamed as Veer Narmad South

Gujarat University in 2004 after the great Gujarat Poet Veer Narmadshankar

Lalshankar Dave. The University was awarded B++ by the NAAC in 2004 and re- accredited ‘B” with in 2011. Jurisdiction of the university extends to the seven districts of Surat, Navsari, Narmada, Dangs, Bharuch and Tapi and the Union

Territory of Daman. The University has 79 Grant-in-aid colleges, 146 Self- financed colleges and 100 Post-graduate Teaching centres attached to affiliated colleges. There are 22 Post Graduate Departments and Self Finance Programme

99 on the University campus that offers various courses with multiple specializations, besides M.Phil and Ph.D. The University campus of several building including boys and girls hostel, Gymnasium, Health Centre, Indoor

Stadium and residential quarters for its staff. Day care centre, fitness centre, basketball court and playgrounds facilities available on the campus. There is a separate complex, where with ATM, Stationery and Xerox shops are available.

Academic Department at VNSGU:

Department Aquatic Biology

Department of Bio Science

Department of Business and Industrial Management

Department of Chemistry

Department of Comparative Literature

Department of Computer Science

Department of Economics

Department of Education

Department of English

Department of Mathematics

Department of M Sc(IT)

Department of Physics

Department of Public Administration

Department of Research Methodology

Department of Rural Studies

Department of Sociology

Department of Statistics

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University Library:

Veer Narmad South Gujarat University Library is located at the heart of

University complex. The library started functioning in February, 1976. The total

construction area of Library is approximately 28,000 sq.ft. The library has a

collection of about 1,85,876 Books, 1,598 Theses, 10,034 Dissertations and other

reading materials. The collection is housed subject wise for various disciplines.

Library is subscribing around 219 Indian Journals and about 34 foreign Journals.

University has started to access online journals through INFLIBNET and U.G.C.-

INFONET Digital Library Consortium. More than 5000 online Journals could be

accessed. The library has received a large collection of gratis.

The library puts the list of purchased books and journals in its University

newsletter 'DAKSHINAYAN' (fortnightly) time to time. The library displays the

titles of newly purchased books on its notice board and book exhibition in the

library.

The library provides the facility of Wi-Fi (Wireless Internet) facility. The faculties

and students make use of this facility for their studies and research. Moreover,

the library has dedicated computers for the access of internet for P.G, students

and faculties.

Gujarat Ayurveda University:-

Jamnagar, the main seat of princely state of Nawanagar was well known as a seat

of oriental studies. The rulers of this state have patronised Ayurveda since very

early days. Hence, Shri Gulabkunwarba Ayurvedic Society was established in

1940. On July 1st 1946 in Jamnagar, a college for Ayurvedic Studies was

established and named as Shri Gulabkunwarba Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya by the

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G.K. Ayurvedic Society. In 1954 Govt. of India started a premier research center for Ayurveda in Jamnagar named as "Central Institute for Research in Indigenous

System of Medicine (CIRISM)".

In 1956 Govt. of India had started another Institute in Jamnagar named as Post

Graduate Training Center for Ayurveda (PGTCA). In 1963 Govt. of India and Govt. of Gujarat jointly decided to amalgamate three Institutions viz. Shri G. A.

Mahavidyalaya, CIRISM & PGTCA and named it as Institute for Ayurvedic Studies and Research (IASR).

This prompted the assembly of Gujarat State to pass legislation on 17.12.1965 to establish a University named as Gujarat Ayurveda University with its head quarter in Jamnagar. This University came in to existence on January 5th, 1967 with the Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research and other Ayurvedic

Colleges of Gujarat State as affiliated colleges.

Institute of GAU:

1. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research In Ayurveda

2. Shri Gulabkunwarba Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Jamnagar

3. Institute for Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences

4. Maharishi Patanjali Institute for Yoga & Naturopathy Education and Research.

5. International Center for Ayurvedic Studies

University Library:

The Central library of the university is housed in a building called Juwansinhji

Museum. Library has collection of more than 33588 books on various subjects.

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This library caters to the need of the students and also supplies the books to the various departmental libraries. There are more than 3556 Post Graduate and

Ph.D. theses, which are used as reference material. This library has a large collection of hand written manuscripts. Out of the total 7400 manuscripts a good number of them are on Palm leaf or Bhojapatra. Library also subscribes to various national and international journals related to Ayurveda and other allied subjects. Library has large collection of bound volumes of journals.

Sardar krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University:-

Sardar krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University was founded as one of the prestigious State Agricultural Universities in India. It is approximately 30 km from Palanpur in the Banaskantha District of Gujarat. Since 2004, the GAU has been split into four campuses. The Gujarat Agricultural University started functioning with specific mandates for promoting productivity of agriculture through the pursuance of research in agriculture and allied sciences.

Department/Centers of SDAU

Home Science Polytechnic

Veterinary Polytechnic

C.P. College of Agriculture

Dairy College

Basic Science & Humanity College

REEE College

Agri Business

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University Library

The Central Library is extending its services to the students of all the colleges

and polytechnics as well as teachers, research scientists and other faculties of the

Sardar krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University. The central library has

adequate numbers of textbooks, reference books, Research Journals, Periodicals,

Back volumes and related material for the development of human resources and

to cater the need of students and faculties.

The central library has computer lab with free internet connectivity for

searching references from CD-ROM, e-resources. Moreover the special

operative’s services viz CAB Abstract, CeRA, Krushiprabha, e-books and online

research journals are also available in the library. The complete web based

computerization and automation is available to access the information from any

LAN Connection.

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University:-

Bhavnagar is known for its cultural heritage and the then his Highness of

Bhavnagar Shri Krishnakumarsinhji was first to donate princely state to the

nation. The university was established in 1978 by the state of Gujarat and the

total area of the campus is spread over 3 locations. Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji

Bhavnagar University is providing high quality of teaching and Research. It has

been facilitating various research activities across all the faculties. Full time

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Programme, research and consultancy are carried

out in various department of the university according to the demands of

economic situation and crisis.

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Teaching Departments:

Department of English

Department of Hindi

Department of Gujarati

Department of Economics

Department of Sociology

Department of Psychology

Department of Mathematics

Department of Chemistry

Department of Physics

Department of Statistics

Department of Life sciences

Department of Marine Sciences

Department of Computer Science & Application

Department of Commerce

Department of Education

Department of Business Administration

Department of Bioinformatics

Department of Sanskrit

Department of Library & Information Science

Department of Social work

Department of Information Technology

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University Library:

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University Library was established in the year of 1979. University library provides service as an Information centre to the Faculties, Students, researcher and Administrative staff. Library using soul software for computerisation of library. Library has member of INFLIBNET and

DELNET.

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University:-

North Gujarat University was established by the Ordinance No. 5 of 1986 dated

17th May 1986 which was later passed as the North Gujarat University Act No.22 of 1986 on 11th September 1986 by the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat. The geographical jurisdiction of the North Gujarat University encompasses four districts-Mehsana, Patan, Banaskantha and Sabarkantha. Patan was officially designated as the Head-Quarter town of the University. It is NAAC 'A' accredited state university.

Thus began the University to operate and serve 41 colleges scattered over the three erstwhile districts of Banaskantha, Mehsana and Sabarkantha allotted in its jurisdiction. Along with the two hostel buildings the University rented a hall, called the Gandhi Memorial hall, to house its library. The aim was to start building up a nucleus library for the future post-graduate departments of the university.

University also provides computer centre, Indoor and Outdoor Sports stadium,

Health Centre, Guest House etc. to student and academic community.

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Department and Centres

Z Center of Indian Diaspora and Cultural Studies

Z Department of Bio-Technology

Z Department of Chemistry

Z Department of Commerce and Management

Z Department of Computer Science

Z Department of Education

Z Department of English

Z Department of Hospital Management

Z Department of Journalism Mass Communication

Z Department of Law

Z Department of Library &Information Science

Z Department of Life Science

Z Department of Mathematics

Z Department of Pharmacy

Z Department of Physical Education

Z Department of Physics

Z Department of Sanskrit and Bhartiyavidya

Z Department of Social Work

Z Yoga Centre

University Library:

The Library was started along with the establishment of the University in the year of 1986. The library was established on 15th January 1988. Initially it was housed in the Gandhi Memorial Hall. The University received a donation of Rs.51 lakhs from Dr. M.S. Patel Trust, Mumbai for the construction of the library

107 building; hence the library is named as Shivabhai Umedbhai Patel Library. The total built up area of the building is 2486.41 sq. meter.

Library is also organized weekly discussion named ‘Characha Vartula’ for students. Library has also published newsletter called “Udeechya” fortnightly.

Library has a membership of British Library, DELNET and INFLIBNET.

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University:-

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University (BAOU) was established as per the ordinance No. 5/1994 of Gujarat Government published in extra ordinary gazette on 13th April, 1994.To enhance qualitative education in the state, government of

Gujarat has assigned the nodal agency for Gujarat State Level Quality Assurance

Cell (NAAC Nodal Cell) to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University.

The University has established Student Support Service on campus for strengthening students support Services. The University regularly published its own Newsletter ‘Gyanganga.

Teaching Schools:

School of Humanities & Social Sciences

School of Education

School of Commerce & Management

School of Computer Science

University Library:

University library was started along with its parent body the Dr. Babasaheb

Ambedkar Open University. The Library has more than 50,000 books. The

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Library subscribes to about 38 Printed periodicals in various subjects. Library has computerised through Soul Software.

Dharmsinh Desai University (DDU):-

Dharmsinh Desai Foundation was established at Nadiad in Gujarat, by an eminent Parliamentarian and a social worker, Late Shri Dharmsinh Desai. This

Foundation was established to develop institutions that would improve the quality of life for the people in and around Nadiad. From an affiliated college, started in 1968 as Dharmsinh Desai Institute of Technology (DDIT), offering

Degree and Diploma in Chemical Engineering, DDU has now become a trusted name amongst a variety of stake holders, namely, students, their parents, researchers, academicians, employers, other academic institutions offering higher level education, National level Institutions and State & Central

Government agencies.

DDU (erstwhile DDIT) became the first Autonomous Institute in Gujarat State.

Later, in the year of 2000, it was awarded the status of ‘Deemed University’ by

Government of India, in recognition of its commendable standards in Academia.

In April 2005, the Government of Gujarat declared this Institute as a ‘State

University’.

The NBA-AICTE has also granted Accreditation for a period of five years of the

University. DDU also has linked up with the University of IOWA, USA. DDU has taken up national level projects from pioneer institutes like National Crime

Record Bureau, Institute of Plasma Research, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation

Limited, HiRel Reliance Limited, Gujarat Samachar, Muljibhai Patel Urology

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Hospital, Forensic Laboratory and many others. DDU has recently established

The Shah-Schulman Centre for Surface Science and Nanotechnology with the help of Government of Gujarat.

Departments:

Civil Engineering

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Computer Engineering

Instrumentation & Control Engineering

Information Technology

Undergraduate programmes in Commerce

Computer

Management

Dental Sciences

Pharmacy DDU Library:

The library was established with the start of the Institute in 1968. The library is well-equipped with all facilities and resources in Online database, Journals, books, reports etc. It has total collection of more than 51000 which includes books and periodicals. The library during 2011-12 in addition to print resource provided electronic resource. The access to online full text resources is available through UGC Infonet Consortium. User can access to more than 6000 electronic journals which are available throughout the campus with LAN Network to all computers in the Institute.

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Gujarat National Law University (GNLU):-

Gujarat National Law University (GNLU) the statutory university was established by the Govt. of Gujarat under the Gujarat National Law University Act, 2003. It is one of the most prestigious law schools in India. The university is located at

Gandhinagar which is the capital of Gujarat. The University started in 2004 and has five batches of 160 students each.

The University is recognized by the Bar Council of India

(BCI) and the Association of Indian Universities (AIU) and the University is functioning as nodal agency to uplift the legal education in the State of Gujarat.

Since its inception, the University has been holding regular in-house Moot Court competitions where-in meritorious students are sent abroad for participating in

Moot Court jamborees.

GNLU offers following courses:

Bachelor of Arts BA LLB

Bachelor of Commerce B.Com LLB

Bachelor of Business Administration BBA LLB

Bachelor of Social work BSW LLB

Bachelor of Science BSc LLB

GNLU centres:

Center For Distance Education

Center For Food Security And Agro Economy

Center For Foreign Policy And Security Studies

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Center For Sports Law

Center For Private International Law

Center For Environmental Law

Center For Banking Investment And Taxation

Center For Public International Law

Center For Corporate And Competition Law

Center For Constitutional And Administrative Law

GNLU University Library:

Gujarat National Law University is popular for its library also in addition to infrastructure, teaching and research excellence. Library is shared equally in making GNLU a world class law university. It is spread in four floor huge space with seating arrangement for 300 readers at one time. Library has the vast collection of more than 35000 volumes of books, law reports and subscription of

150 current journals, newspapers, reference books, E books etc.

Library building is spread over four floors. It provides sufficient space for physical and digital access of library resources. In library special ‘discussion rooms’ are made for group discussion purpose. Library functions and services are fully automated with state of the art LMS software and latest RFID/EM technology. GNLU library aims to become a repository of knowledge and research. It aims to employ efforts to establish an excellent library to act as a legal hub for anyone and everyone interested in legal research and reference.

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Anand Agricultural University (AAU):-

The Anand Agricultural University was established at Anand with support of the

Government of Gujarat, Act dated April 29, 2004. The dream Institution of Sardar

Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K.M. Munshi the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in agriculture, Horticulture Engineering products processing and Home science. At present seven colleges, Seventeen research Centres and Six Extension

Education Institute working in six districts of Gujarat, namely Ahmedabad,

Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal and Vadodara.

AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc.

In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote continues process of development of sustainable growth and economics independence in rural society.

AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

Centres of AAU

B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand

Sheth M.C. Polytechnic in Agriculture, AAU, Anand

Polytechnic in Food Science and Home Economics, AAU, Anand

Polytechnic in Agriculture, Vaso

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E-Courses for Post Graduate Studies

College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Godhra

College of Food Processing Technology & Bio Energy, Anand

International Agribusiness Management Institute, Anand

College of Agricultural Information Technology, Anand

College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand

Sheth M.C. College of Dairy Science, Anand

Polytechnic in Agricultural Engineering, AAU, Dahod

Sheth D.M. Polytechnic in Horticulture, AAU, Vadodara

Dr. M. D. Patel Regional library

The history of Dr M.D. Patel Library dates back even prior to our Independence.

In 1942, this Library was an accessory to the then SMC School of Dairy Science.

After the inception of the B.A. College of Agriculture in 1947, it grew as the

Central Library, merging the collections of BACA and SMC College of Dairy

Science. In 1983, it was named after Dr Maganbhai Dahyabhai Patel (Dr.M.D.Patel

Library). Library has been recognized as Regional Library by Indian Council of

Agricultural Research. This library is the first of its kind e-library under National

Agricultural Research System.

The Library renders its services to the users from 08 00 hrs. To 22 00 hrs. The e-

Circulation Counter, Reprography Service, and the Cybrary are remaining open to the readers through the working hours and also on regular Institutional holidays like second and fourth Saturdays. In addition, the Library extends ILL

(Inter Library Loan) service.

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Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University:- The Govt. of Gujarat has taken a commendable decision to provide a separate

University for the region of Kachchh to fulfil the demand of the people of

Kachchh. The Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University Act was published in the Govt. Gazette in March 2003 and recognized by the UGC on third

February 2004 Under Section UGC 2(f). It is a regional university established to promote higher education in the region of Kachchh in Gujarat.

University started with 10 colleges in 2004 having 28 colleges with more than

15000 students and nearly 200 teachers working in the faculties of Arts,

Commerce, Science, Education, Law, Technology including Engineering and

Pharmacy. The University is providing higher education on par with any other university of the state and India.

The University also encourages its students to participate in sports and cultural activities. There are following twelve teaching departments located in its campus at Bhuj city.

Department of Sanskrit

Department of English

Department of Economics

Department of Commerce & Management

Department of Earth & Environment Science

Department of Education

Department of Chemistry

Department of Computer Science

Department of Social work

115

Department of Public Administration

Department of Archaeology

University Library:

The library was establishment in the year of 2003. The Library is fully automated with SOUL Software. The library has a total collection of about 15000 printed volumes including books, textbooks and theses and dissertation. Library has also subscribed national & International journals for users. Library has also a member of DELNET for accessing e-resources.

Centre for Environmental Planning & Technology University:-

CEPT University takes its name from the ‘Center for Environmental Planning and

Technology’ (CEPT). CEPT and the various schools that it comprised were established by the Ahmedabad Education Society with the support of the

Government of Gujarat and the Government of India. The Government of Gujarat incorporated CEPT as a university in 2005. The University Grants Commission recognized CEPT University under section 2(f) of the UGC Act, 1956 in 2007. The

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) of the Government of

India recognizes the University as a Scientific and Industrial Research

Organization (SIRO).

CEPT University focuses on understanding, designing, planning, constructing and managing human habitats. Its teaching programs build thoughtful professionals and its research programs deepen understanding of human settlements. CEPT

University also undertakes advocacy and advisory projects to further the goal of making habitats more livable.

116

The University comprises five faculties. The Faculty of Architecture was established as the ‘School of Architecture’ in 1962. It focuses on design in the private realm. The Faculty of Planning, focused on planning in the public realm, was established in 1972 as the ‘School of Planning’. The Faculty of Technology, which concentrates on engineering and construction, was established in 1982 as the ‘School of Building Science and Technology’. The Faculty of Design was established in 1992 as the ‘School of Interior Design’. It deals with habitat related interiors, crafts, systems, and products. Faculty of Management is a newly established faculty from the Faculty of Technology Management and it focuses on

Habitat and Project Management.

University Library

The Library’s mission is to make its resources available and to be useful to the

CEPT members and to sustain and preserve the collection of knowledge and creativity for future generations.

CEPT library houses more than 40,000 resources which include 29000 books,

4000 bound volumes of journals and 3000 theses and students’ reports etc. The library collection covers subjects like Architecture, Art, History and civilization,

Urban design, Landscape design, Interior design, Furniture design, Graphics,

Textile design, Computer aided design, Building Science, Structural design,

Earthquake Engineering, Construction planning and management, Urban and regional planning, Housing, Environmental planning, Transportation, Remote sensing, GIS, Economics, Sociology, Economic planning etc. CEPT library has a unique collection of drawings, prepared by students during their academic programmes. More than 4500 drawings are available in the library. This

117 collection attracts national and international visitors. During academic session, library is open for 82 hours per week.

Shree Somnath Sanskrit University:-

Assessing the inevitability of Sanskrit education in Gujarat state and also to promote Vedic studies on traditional lines, our Hon. Chief Minister Shri

Narendrabhai Modi decided to establish Sanskrit University in Gujarat. Shree

Somnath Sanskrit University established on 12th April 2005 at Somnath-Veraval, district Junagadh.The jurisdiction of the University is the whole of the State Of

Gujarat. On 17 February, 2006 the University Grants Commission gave approval under section 2/F and included in the recognized universities.

Courses offered:

Faculty of Sahitya

Faculty of Darshan

Faculty of Indian Culture and Fine Arts

Faculty of Teachers training Shikshak-Prashikshan

Faculty of Modern Science and Ancient Shasytras

University Library:

The library was establishment in the year of 2006. The library has a total collection about 5500 printed volumes including books, textbooks and theses and dissertation. Library has also subscribes print journals for its users.

Gujarat Technological University:-

Gujarat Technological University (GTU) is a state wide institution affiliating many esteemed Engineering, Pharmacy and management colleges of the western

118

Indian districts of Gujarat. The university is headed by the state government and came into existence on the 16th of May 2007.

List of courses offered by GTU:

Diploma Engineering

Diploma Pharmacy

Bachelor of Engineering

Bachelor of Pharmacy

Bachelor of Architecture

Bachelor of Hotel Management and Catering Technology

Masters of Business Management

Masters of Computer Application

Masters of Pharmacy

Masters of Engineering

Doctor of Philosophy

University Library: GTU has not established its own library.

Gujarat Forensic Science University:-

The Gujarat Forensic Sciences University is a highly specialized higher education institution that came into existence through an Act: No. 17, passed by the Gujarat

State Legislative Assembly, dated the 30th of September 2008. It is the only university across the world, dedicated to Forensic & Investigative Science. The

University started functioning from July 2009 onwards and in May 2011, received recognition by the 'University Grants Commission'; as a State

University, under Section 22 of the UGC Act 1956. It is located at Gandhinagar - the capital city of the State of Gujarat. The University is segregated into three

119 academic departments, namely: Institute of Forensic Science, Institute of

Behavioural Science and Institute of Research & Development. It currently offers only postgraduate level academic programs.

The University runs in parallel association with the Directorate of Forensic

Science (DFS) - Gujarat State, to provide hands-on training. DFS - Gujarat State is a state-of-the-art; NABL accredited; ISO-IEC 17025:2005 certified laboratory, maintaining international standards in terms of infrastructure and facilities for

Forensic Analysis.

University Library:

The Library was started along with the establishment of the University in the year of 2009. It has total collection of more than 2500 which includes books and periodicals. Library provides service as an Information Centre to the Faculties,

Students, researcher and Administrative staff.

120

Following are the common library services provided by University Libraries of Gujarat.

Uni. Library service MSU GU SPU SU GV VNSGU GAU SDAU BU HNGU BAOU DDU GNLU AAU KSKVKU CEPT SSSU GTU GFSU

Circulation Service Reference Services Interlibrary Loan Services Reading Room service Internet Access WEBOPAC E-Journals access Photocopying service Current Awareness Service Literature Search Service User Education Bibliography Service Newspaper clipping service Document Delivery Service New Arrivals Referral Services Service to visually disabled users Syllabus Service Indexing and Abstracting Service

121

REFERENCES

Shukla, K.H. (1994). University Libraries in India: Some observation and Suggestion. Jaipur:RBSA Publishers. Gupta, Ameeta and Kumar, Ashish. (2006). Handbook of Universities: Includes Universities, Colleges, Private Universities and Prominent Educational and research Institutions. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. 60th Annual Report 2013-14. New Delhi: University Grants Commmission.

Library report 2012-13. Ahmedabad: Gujarat Vidyapith Library.

(2013). Socio-Economic review 2012-13: Gujarat State. Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Gandhinagar: Government of Gujarat (2013). Retrieved from http://www.spuvvn.edu.

(2013). Retrieved from http://www.dst.gov.in.

(2013). Retrieved from http://ipindia.nic.in/ipr/patent/patents.html.

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.hmlibrary.ac.in

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.gujaratuniversity.org.in

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.vnsgu.ac.in

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.ayurveduniversity.edu.in

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.sdau.edu.in

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.mkbhavuni.edu.in

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.ngu.ac.in

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.aau.in.

(2014). Retrieved from http://kskvku.digitaluniversity.ac.in.

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.cept.ac.in.

(2014). Retrieved from http://shreesomnathsanskrituniversity.info.

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.gtu.ac.in.

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.inflibnet.ac.in

122

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.highereducationinindia.com.

(2014). Retrieved from www.saurashtrauniversity.edu.

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.ayurveduniversity.com.

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.hngu.net

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.ngu.ac.in.

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.baou.edu.in.

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.gnlu.ac.in.

(2014). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org.

(2014). Retrieved from http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products

_gujarat .html.

(2014). Retrieved from http://financedepartment.gujarat.gov.in/budget13_14_pdf/ 34_Socio _

Economic_ Review_English.pdf

(2014). Retrieved from http://gujarat-education.gov.in/higher/universities/html.

(2014). Retrieved from http://mapsofindia.com/maps/gujarat.

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.gujaratindia.com/state-profile/demography.html.

(2014). Retrieved from http://www.gujaratvidyapith.org/centrallibrary.htm.

(2014). Retrieved from https://www.ugc.ac.in.

123

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Introduction

The Present study has been taken up to investigate the role played by e-resources and their utilization amongst user groups from 19 university libraries (under study). The results are analyzed and interpreted based on the data collection from users and university libraries on the following facet on the two parts:

Part I - University Libraries, Part II – Library users

Part I - University Libraries

The librarian’s responses give a clear picture of the existing library systems. It further helped to identify the differences among university librarians with specialization in the discipline. It analyses the responses received from the librarians of 19 university libraries of Gujarat. All the librarians were cooperative and filled the questionnaire in the presence of the investigator. The collected data was statistically analyzed and the findings obtained were compared and are presented under the following sections:

Table-5.1: Year of Establishment of the University Libraries

Name of the Library Year

The Maharaja Sayajirao University 1949

Gujarat University 1950

Sardar Patel University 1955

Saurashtra University 1955

Gujarat Vidyapith 1963

124 Veer Narmad South Gujarat University 1965

Gujarat Ayurved University 1968

Sardar Krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University 1972

Maharaja Krishnakumar Sinhji Bhavnagar University 1978

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University 1986

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University 1995

Dharmsinh Desai University 2000

Gujarat National Law University 2003

Anand Agricultural University 2004

Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University 2004

Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology University 2005

Shree Somnath Sanskrit University 2005

Gujarat Technology University 2007

Gujarat Forensic Sciences University 2008

Table-5.1 shows that among all the university libraries, Smt. Hansa Mehta M.S. University

Library is the oldest (1949) and Gujarat Forensic Science University library is established

(2008) while Gujarat University library was established in 1950, Sardar Patel University library established in 1955, Saurashtra University library established in 1955, Gujarat

Vidyapith Library established in 1963, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University established in 1965, Gujarat Ayurved University established in 1968, Sardar krushinagar Dantiwada

Agricultural University library established in 1972, Bhavnagar University library established 1978, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University library established in

1986, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University library established in 1995, Dharmsinh

Desai University library established in 2000, Gujarat National law University established

125 in 2003, Anand Agricultural University library established in 2004, Krantiguru Shyamji

Krishna Verma Kachchh University library established 2004, Centre for Environment

Planning and Technology University library established in 2005, Shree Somnath Sanskrit

University was established in 2005, Gujarat Forensic Science university established in

2008, Gujarat Technology University has not developed its own library.

Working hours

The Effective functioning of any organization depends on its working hours/ days.

Libraries are supposed to function on all the days of the year as they are service

Institutions. The number of working hours/days provides the users more time to access and to read the available collections. The Librarians equipped with experience and expertise offered valuable guidance in so as the utilization and impact of the E-resources are concerned. E-resources facilitate the optimum use by the users. As it become easy and convenient to access the material that was inaccessible otherwise Libraries are acclaimed as the power house of academic institutes, both teaching and research institutes.

Teachers can avail of the research in their domain in order to enhance their teaching skills, and the researchers can learn from the practical experience of the teachers. Ideally a teacher is a good researcher. University libraries follow different working hours during an academic term, therefore data was gathered with regard to the working hours.

Table 5.2: Working hours of University Libraries

University Library Annual working Library hours Annual average days working hours GNLU 340 16 5440 GU 339 14 4746 VNSGU 355 12 4260 AAU 290 14 4060

126 GV 364 11 4004 MSU 280 14 3920 CEPT 296 12 3552 GAU 293 12 3516 DDU 290 12 3480 SDAU 310 10 3100 SPU 350 8 2800 GFSU 295 8 2360 BAOU 267 8 2136 HNGU 265 8 2120 MKBU 240 8 1920 KSKVKU 240 8 1920 SSSU 240 8 1920 SU 240 8 1920

The duration of the working hours of all the libraries range from eight hours to sixteen hours. Gujarat National Law University (GNLU) library tries to work for sixteen hours in a day. Gujarat University (GU) and Anand Agriculture University (AAU) libraries are working 14 hours a day. Veer Narmand South Gujarat University (VNSGU), Centre for

Planning & Technology (CEPT), Gujarat Ayurved University library (GAU), and

Dharmsinh Desai university library (DDU) are working twelve hours per day. Gujarat

Vidyapith library (GV) working eleven(11) hours and SDAU are working 10 hours per day and all other university libraries are, like Sardar Patel University (SPU) library , Gujarat

Forensic Science University (GFSU) library, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University

(BAOU), Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University (HNGU) Library, Bhavnagar

University Library, Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University (KSKVKU)

Library, Shree Somnath Sanskrit University and Saurashtra University are working in eight hours in day.

127 Gujarat National Law University tries to work for many more hours than other university libraries. There is much disparity in the number of working hours and the working days in each university library. Thus it can be assumed that maximum use of library in the library premises is achieved by keeping the library open for more number of hours in a day.

Since the working hours of the library depend on the overall academic functioning of an

Institute, it may not be proper to criticize them for the availability of resources. Sought after by the students and teachers. E-resource may facilitate the accessibility for the general public besides the regular users’ viz. teachers and students. But there is no denying the fact that teaching and research scholars will be benefited if the working hours of the library are expected.

Library Staff

Highly qualified and trained library staffs enable the stakeholders like students and teachers and researchers to have an optimum use of the corpus of knowledge at the door of the students and faculty. Professionally qualified staff plays a predominant role for the successful management of library resources and services. They establish link between the right reader and right resource at the right time. In order to serve their users effectively and efficiently in the electronic environment, the library staff needs to be given ample training opportunities to update their knowledge. The particulars regarding the staff strength working in university libraries were sought from the librarians and the data received in this regard has been presented.

128

Table 5.3: Library Staff

University libraries Librarian In-charge Lib. Deputy Lib. Assist. Lib. Tech. Assist. Lib. Assist. Clerk Lib. Attend Other

MSU 1 0 0 3 16 Nil 34 18 2 GU Nil 1 0 2 2 2 Nil Nil 5 SPU Nil 1 0 Nil 8 2 2 Nil 5 SU Nil 1 0 2 Nil Nil 2 2 2 GV Nil 1 0 2 5 Nil 8 1 1 VNSGU Nil 1 0 Nil 6 1 6 11 Nil GAU Nil 1 0 Nil Nil 2 2 Nil 2 SDAU 1 0 0 Nil Nil 3 2 4 3 MKBU Nil 0 0 1 3 1 3 3 1 HNGU Nil 1 0 Nil 2 7 Nil Nil 4 BAOU Nil 1 0 Nil Nil Nil 2 Nil 1 DDU 1 0 0 1 Nil 2 Nil Nil 4 GNLU Nil 0 0 1 1 2 Nil Nil 1 AAU Nil 0 0 1 1 1 2 7 3 KSKVKU 1 0 0 Nil Nil 4 Nil Nil Nil CEPT 1 1 0 Nil Nil 6 Nil 1 5 SSSU 1 0 0 Nil Nil Nil 1 Nil Nil GTU Nil 0 0 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil GFSU Nil 1 0 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Total 6 10 0 13 44 33 64 47 39

129

Fig.1: Library Staff Category wise

In-charge lib 4% Deputy Lib.0% Librarian 2% Assist. Lib.5%

Other 15% Librarian In-charge Lib. Tech. Assist. 17% Deputy Lib. Lib. Attend 19% Assist. Lib. Lib. Assist. 13% Tech. Assist. Lib. Assist. Clerk 25% Clerk Lib. Attend Other

Staff is one of the main factors to develop and access to their users community but

University libraries of Gujarat have limited staff to look after the library. Out of 19 university libraries only 2% (6) universities have permanent post of the librarian. Most of the libraries work under an in-charge librarian. There is no single university that has deputy librarian in the university library. The number of Assistant librarians varies from

01 to 03. The MSU library has the maximum number of Assistant Librarians (i.e. 03)

Maximum staffs are as Clerks and Technical Assistants. Out of 19 universities only 2%

(6) librarian is available at university library. As far as the semi-professional staff is concerned, the MSU stands first with 16 Technical Assistants and 34 clerks in the university library. There is no Technical Assistant and Library Assistant in the following university libraries, GAU, SDAU, BAOU, DDU, KSKVKU, CEPT, SSSU, GTU and GFSU.

130 Library Users:

Students and the faculty make up the biggest chunk of users of the library facilities obviously; the objectives differ from person to person. Research scholars endeavor to study in depts. In order to come up with fresh findings, students try to go a step further than the textbooks prescribed by the university even the aims of and benefits to the U.G. and P.G. students are different.

Table-5.4: Total enrolled users of the Library

University Faculty Research Students Non –teaching outsider Libraries Scholars Staff

UG PG MSU 143 176 7129 - 2956 GU 135 86 838 1212 240 33 SPU 12 73 - 1635 13 - SU 100 - - - 120 - GV 168 962 - 1356 VNSGU 63 127 1379 18 7 GAU 200 150 200 130 115 - SDAU 350 81 825 220 610 180 MKBU 56 73 - 1274 35 - HNGU 84 - - 551 36 - BAOU 12 141 19705 1884 40 - DDU 210 60 3100 390 40 - GNLU 50 5 800 60 15 - AAU 327 231 1823 1726 86 19 KSKVKU 54 84 5000 700 45 - CEPT 200 50 906 699 100 40 SSSU 18 100 - 150 22 GTU ------GFSU 18 - - 350 25 -

131 Table-5.4.1: Enrolled users of the library

Enrolled Users No. of users Percentage

Faculty 2200 3.47 Research Scholar 1437 2.27 Students (UG/PG) 53648 84.57 Non-Teaching Staff 1560 2.46 Outsider 4591 7.24 Total 63436 100%

Above mentioned table shows that 85% of the library users are students, 7.24% are outsider, 3.47.% are faculty members, 2.46% are non-teaching staff and only 2.27% are research scholar. It is evident from the above table that majority of the users of university libraries are the students.

Library Collection:

A University library is evaluated on the basis of its print collection, which in turn is determined by the host of courses offered to the students, with the increasing thrust on research in almost all the disciplines, the number of books and reference resources is on the increase, a healthy sign of the academic health of the universities and colleges. The university libraries in India are still more heavily dependent on print resources than on

E-resources The details of print resources available in university libraries under the study have been presented below:-

Table-5.5: Print Collection of University Libraries

University Libraries Books Periodicals Thesis/Dissertation

MSU 825895 274 13142 GU 357629 250 1500 SPU 6411 334 46 SU 160000 164 1015

132 GV 604793 382 5500 VNSGU 3053 137 10538 GAU 36870 26 3637 SDAU 32356 185 5650 MKBU 126500 237 1500 HNGU 65954 120 1138 BAOU 50000 38 250 DDU 39637 71 0 GNLU 12000 150 0 AAU 70883 101 3347 KSKVKU 15387 48 130 CEPT 35378 168 4303 SSSU 5500 12 75 GTU 0 0 0 GFSU 2500 18 250

Fig. 2: Books collection in university l libraries

825895

604793

357629

160000

126500

70883 65954

50000 39637

36870 35378 32356 15387

12000 6411 5500 3053 2500 0

133 Above mentioned chart shows that M.S. University Library has the largest collection of books compared to other University Libraries. The Gujarat Vidyapith Library occupies second place with a collection of limited more than six lac books. Gujarat Forensic Science

University library has a very limited collection of 2500 books in the library while Gujarat

Technological University has not developed its own library.

Fig.3: Periodicals Subscription in University Libraries

SSSU, 12 GTU, 0 KSKVKU, 48 AAU, 101 CEPT, 168 MSU, 274

GNLU, 150 GU, 250 DDU, 71 BAOU, 38

HNGU, 120 SPU, 334

BU, 237

SU, 164 SDAU, 185

GV, 382

GAU, 26 VNSGU, 137

Besides books, periodicals play a very useful role in the career of students and teachers.

They contain latest research efforts by the academia the world over. Research articles of national and international scholar throw fresh light on many subjects in their research articles. Hence national and international articles enable the scholars to keep abreast of latest trends in their disciplines. The Scholars are not able to subscribe them because they are very expensive. As a part of the E-resources. These periodicals widen the area of research shared by scholars across the globe.

134 Above mentioned periodicals charts shows that Gujarat Vidyapith Library has largest collection of periodicals compared to other University libraries. Sardar Patel University

Bhaikaka Library has second place with 334 subscribed periodicals. Shri Somnath

Sanskrit Library has a very modest collection of 12 periodicals in the library while Gujarat

Technological University has not developed its own library.

In view of the rapid growth of technology the world over, one may wonder why GTU has lagged behind, because learning and teaching are affected by the research inputs duly invalidated by apex organizations.

Fig. 4: Thesis / Dissertation Collection in University Libraries

MSU GU SPU SU GV VNSGU GAU SDAU BU

HNGU BAOU DDU GNLU AAU KSKVKU CEPT SSSU GTU 14000 13142

12000 10538

10000

8000

6000 5500 5650

4303 3637 4000 3347

2000 1500 1500 1138 1015 250 46 0 0 130 75 0 0

Above mentioned Thesis /Dissertation charts shows that Smt. Hansa Mehta Library has largest collection of Thesis/Dissertation compared to other University libraries. Vir

Narmad South Gujarat University libraries has second place in the collection of

Thesis/Dissertation. While DDU, GNLU and GTU have zero collection in theses.

135 Table-5.6: Non-book Materials of University libraries

University Libraries E-Books CD ROMs Microfilms/Microfiches/Slides Others MSU 5895 1000 0 0 GU 20000 515 0 0 SPU -- 0 0 0 SU -- 0 0 0 GV -- 2718 0 0 VNSGU -- 603 0 0 GAU -- 0 0 4077 SDAU 650 0 0 0 MKBU -- 2200 0 0 HNGU -- 833 0 0 BAOU -- 750 0 0 DDU -- 0 0 0 GNLU 400 0 0 0 AAU -- 0 0 0 KSKVKU -- 500 0 0 CEPT -- 284 0 0 SSSU -- 0 0 0 GTU -- 0 0 0 GFSU -- 0 0 0

F ig. 5: Non-book Materials Collection in University Libraries

E-Books CD ROMs Microfilms/Microfiches/Slides Others

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

136 Above table shows that Gujarat University library has a very large collection of E-books compared to other University libraries. It is clear from the data that 79 % University libraries do not have collection of E-books. Out of the 19 University libraries only 9 libraries have collection of CD Rom. There is not a single University library that has collection of Microfilms/Microfiches/Slide. Gujarat Ayurved University libraries have rare collection of manuscript.

Library Budget

Finance is essential for effective management of a library. Adequate Funds are necessary to build up library collections, purchase and maintenance of equipment, to meet salaries and to provide services. University libraries are considered to be non-profit organizations; they require some sources of income to meet their expenses. They are receiving funds in varying degrees from University Grants Commission (UGC), State

Government, endowments and gifts, membership fees and fines.

Table-5.7: Annual Budget for Library collection (in Lakh)

University Books Journals Audio/Video E-Resources

MSU 183.00 0 0 0 GU 12.50 0 0 0 SPU 34.65 0 0 0 SU 26.55 0 0 0 GV 32 1.40 0 0.63 VNSGU 7 6 0 0 GAU 4 3 0 0 SDAU 50 3 0 38.50 MKBU 12 0 0 0 HNGU 12 3 0 0 BAOU 5.14 0.42 0 0

137 DDU 10 5 0 0 GNLU 32 5 0 40 CEPT 9.68 1.35 0 6.52 KSKVKU Data not provided AAU Data not provided SSSU Data not provided GTU Data not provided GFSU Data not provided Total 430.52 28.17 85.65

Above table shows that Smt. Hansa Mehta Library has total budget of Rs. 1.83 crore for library resources. It is the highest among the all University libraries under this study.

SDAU University Library has second place in the spending of Library budget. While Dr.

Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University libraries have very less only 5.56 lac. Some of the

University libraries could not provide data for library budget i.e. KSKVKU, AAU, SSSU,

GTU, GFSU.

Table-5.7.1: Budget for Library Collection

Collection Rs. in lakh Percentage

Books 430.52 79%

Journals 28.17 5%

Audio/Video 0 0

E-Resources 85.65 16%

Total 544.34 100%

138 Fig. 6: Budget Allocation for University Library Resources

Audio/Video 0% E-Resources 16%

Journals 5%

Books 79%

Books Journals Audio/Video E-Resources

Above mentioned chart shows that 79 % of the total budget of university libraries spent on books while 5% on Journals and 16% on E-resources.

Fig. 7: Separate Budget for library E-Resources 40 40 38.5

10 6.52

5 0 0 0 0 0.63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

139 Above chart shows that Sardar Krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University has allotted highest budget among all University libraries. Out of 19 University libraries only four have University libraries GV, SDAU, CEPT and GNLU have allotted separate budget for E- Resources.

Library Resources and Facilities

The provision of E-Resources in any library requires the establishment of ICT

Infrastructure. Library Automation brings about a revolution in the functioning of a library. It is highly useful for operation and management and also useful for library users.

The data have been tabulated and analyzed in the following section.

Table-5.8: Library Resources and Facilities

University Library Automation Barcode Scanner Digital Web Camera Libraries Software Reader Camera

MSU Soul 2.0 Yes Yes No Yes

GU Soul 2.0 Yes Yes No No

SPU Soul 2.0 Yes Yes Yes Yes

SU Soul 2.0 Yes Yes No No

GV Soul Yes Yes No Yes

VNSGU Soul Yes Yes Yes Yes

GAU Soul No No No No

SDAU Total Library Yes Yes Yes Yes Solution MKBU Soul 2.0 Yes Yes No No

HNGU Soul 2.0 Yes Yes Yes No

BAOU Soul 2.0 Yes Yes Yes Yes

DDU Soul Yes Yes Yes Yes

GNLU Libsys Yes Yes No No

AAU Libsys Yes Yes Yes No

140 KSKVKU Soul 2.0 Yes Yes Yes Yes

CEPT Koha Yes Yes Yes No

SSSU Soul 2.0 No No No No

GTU No No No No No

GFSU No No No No No

Total 17 15 15 9 8

Table-5.8.1: Library Resources and Facilities

Facilities Yes No Library Automation 17 2

Barcode Reader 15 4

Scanner 15 4

Digital Camera 9 10

Web Camera 8 11

Fig. 8: Library Resources and Facilities 20

18 2 4 4 16

14 10 11 12

17 8 15 15 6

9 4 8

0 Library Automation Barcode Reader Scanner Digital Camera Web Camera Yes No

141 Above mentioned chart shows that almost 90% of the University libraries have been computerized. The GFSU and GAU have not automated any of its house-keeping operations. Majority of the libraries use soul software for automation of the house- keeping operation. SDAU using Total Library Solution, GNLU and AAU using Libsys while

CEPT using Koha for Library Automation.

All the libraries under study have barcode reader and scanner except GAU, GFSU, SSSU and GTU. Out of the 19 University libraries only 9 University have facility for Digital camera and 8 eight Universities have facility of web camera.

Table-5.9: Library E-Resources facilities available in University Libraries

University Separate Section for E- Computers Printing Facility Libraries resources Available

MSU Yes 04 Yes

GU Yes 44 Yes

SPU Yes 10 Yes

SU Yes 08 Yes

GV Yes 22 Yes

VNSGU No 0 Yes

GAU No 0 Yes

SDAU No 0 Yes

MKBU Yes 0 Yes

HNGU Yes 5 Yes

BAOU No 0 Yes

DDU Yes 3 Yes

GNLU No 0 Yes

AAU Yes 36 Yes

142 KSKVKU No 0 Yes

CEPT No 0 Yes

SSSU No 0 Yes

GTU No 0

GFSU No 0 Yes

Table-5.9.1: Library E-Resources and Facilities

E-Resource Facilities Yes No

Separate Section 9 10

Computer Available 8 11

Printing Facility 18 1

Fig. 9: University Library E-Resources Facilities

18 18 16

10 11 10 8 9 8 6

2 1 0 Separate Section Computer available Printing Facility

Yes No

143 Separate Section: Above Table shows that majority of the University Libraries of Gujarat,

53 % of libraries do not have separate section for accessing of E-Resources. While few libraries 47% have separate section for access of E-Resources. So it clearly shows that

University libraries must have arrangement for separate section for e-resources for its users.

Computer for E-resources: Above table also shows that 58% libraries do not have separate computers to access E-Resources while 42% libraries have separate computers to access e-resources. Separate computers enable the stakeholders to take the maximum advantage of the material available in their domain. Non-availability of separate computers may hinder research by the students and the faculty.

Printing Facility: Above table shows that almost 95% of the University libraries providing printout facilities of library users. While only 5% libraries do not have printing facility.

Table-5.10: Library Networking & Internet facilities of University Libraries

University LAN Facilities Internet Facilities Libraries Dial-up Leased Line Broadband

MSU Yes - -

GU Yes - -

SPU Yes - -

SU Yes - -

GV Yes - -

VNSGU Yes - -

GAU No - -

144 SDAU Yes - -

MKBU Yes - -

HNGU Yes - -

BAOU Yes - -

DDU Yes - -

GNLU Yes - - AAU Yes - -

KSKVKU Yes - -

CEPT Yes - -

SSSU No - - -

GTU No - - -

GFSU No - -

Table-5.10.1: LAN Facility:

LAN Facilities Frequency Percentage

Yes 15 78.94%

No 4 21.05%

Total 19 100%

145 Fig. 10: LAN Facility for University Libraries

Yes

Yes No

Above mentioned chart shows that majority of the University libraries provide LAN

Facility for library users. While few of the libraries do not have LAN facility.

Table-5.10.2: Internet Facility:

Networking Through Frequency Percentage

Leased Line 5 26.31

Broadband 12 63.15

Unavailable 2 10.52

Total 19 100%

146 Fig. 11: Internet Facility for University Libraries

Unavailable 11% Leased Line 26%

Leased Line

Broadband

Broadband Un available 63%

As result shown in the above chart, 63 % University libraries have Broadband Internet connection for access of E-Resources while 26 % University libraries have leased line and remaining 11 % university do not have internet connection.

E-Resources Section:

The importance of E-resources in our day to day lives continues to grow. University libraries are giving preference to E-resources through the initiatives like consortia system. They are adding new E-resources and services while maintaining a balance with the old traditional resources.

147 Table 5.11: E-Resources section

University Libraries Use of Software in e-resource Institutional Repository section MSU No Yes

GU No In process

SPU No No

SU No No

GV No Yes

VNSGU No No

GAU No No

SDAU No No

MKBU No No

HNGU No No

BAOU No No

DDU No No

GNLU Yes Yes

AAU No No

KSKVKU No No

CEPT No No

SSSU No No

GTU No No

GFSU No No

Table-5.11.1 Software using in E-Resource Section

E-Resources Section Yes No

Software using in e-resource section 1 18

Institutional Repository 4 15

148 Above table shows that only one University GNLU, has using software for managing of E- resources while 18 University do not have using software for E-resources Section. Out of

19 University libraries only 4 libraries have Institutional Repository facilities.

Table 5.12: Status of UGC- INFONET Membership

UGC Info-net Membership Frequency Percentage

Yes 10 52.63%

No 9 47.36

Total 19 100%

Fig. 12: Status of UGC-INFONET Membership of University Libraries

No 47%

Yes 53%

Yes No

Above mentioned chart shows that more than half of the University libraries have membership of UGC-Infonet Consortium for accessing of E-Resources while 47 % of

University Libraries do not have member of consortium.

149 Table 5.13 Membership consortia other than UGC-Infonet

Uni. Libraries Name of Consortia

MSU INDEST

GU No

SPU No

SU No

GV No

VNSGU INDEST

GAU No

SDAU CERA

MKBU No

HNGU HELINET

BAOU No

DDU No

GNLU No

CEPT No

KSKVKU DELNET

AAU CERA

SSSU No

GTU No

GFSU No

Table 5.13.1: Member of Indian consortia other than UGC-Infonet

Indian Consortia member Frequency Percentage

Yes 6 31.57%

No 13 68.42%

Total 19 100%

150 Fig. 13: Status of Member Indian Consortia other than UGC-Infonet

68.42% No

31.57% Yes

Above chart shows that out of 19 University Libraries only 6 libraries have membership of Indian consortia other than UGC-Infonet.

Table 5.14: Details of E-Resources Subscription

University E-Journals Full text Database Bibliographic Database MSU Yes 26 5

GU Yes 13 2

SPU Yes 21 3

SU Yes 17 3

GV Yes 3 2

VNSGU Yes 16 2

GAU NA NA NA

SDAU Yes 4 2

MKBU Yes 16 2

151 HNGU Yes 16 2

BAOU NA NA NA

DDU Yes 6 2

GNLU Yes 4 0

AAU Yes 3 5

KSKVKU NA NA NA

CEPT NA NA NA

SSSU NA NA NA

GTU Yes 2 0

GFSU NA NA NA

Table 5.14.1: E-Resources Subscribing

E-Resources Yes No Total

E-Journals 13 6 19 Full Text Database 13 6 19 Bibliographic Database 11 8 19

Fig. 14: E-Resources Subscribing of University Libraries

13 13

6 6

E-JOURNALS FULL TEXT BIBLIOGRAPHIC Yes No

152 The Above mentioned chart shows that Majority of the University Libraries have E-

Journals access in library. Out of the 19 University libraries 68 % are subscribing E-

Journals with full text while 32 % are not subscribing E-Resources for their users. 11

University libraries have subscribed Bibliographic database for library users.

Utilization of E-Resources:

By making provision for E-resources only the objectives of higher education will not be achieved. If the resources are not optimally used their purpose will be defeated. It has been observed that E-resources remain unutilized in many libraries for number of factors. Useful and productive research cannot be conducted without maximum utilization of resources which are to be updated for time to time, in order to keep abreast of the latest research in various discipline.

Table 5.15: E-Resource section opens for users

University Below 6 6 to 8 hours 8 to 10 hours Above 10 Libraries hours hours MSU - Yes - - GU - Yes - - SPU - Yes - - SU - Yes - - GV - Yes - - VNSGU Yes - - - GAU - - - - SDAU - - - Yes MKBU - Yes - - HNGU - Yes - - BAOU - Yes - - DDU - - - Yes GNLU - - - Yes AAU - Yes - -

153 KSKVKU - Yes - - CEPT - Yes - SSSU - - - - GTU - - - - GFSU - - - - Total 1 10 1 3

Table 5.15.1: E-Resource section open for users

E-Resource section open hours Frequency Percentage Below 6 hours 1 5.26% 6 to 8 hours 10 52.63% 8 to 10 hours 1 5.26% Above 10 hours 3 15.48% E-resource section not available 4 21.05 Total 19 100%

Fig. 15: E-resources sections open for users

Below 6 hours, 5.26% E-resource section not available, 21.05%

Above 10 hours, 15.48% 6 to 8 hours, 52.63%

8 to 10 hours, 5.26%

154 Then above chart shows that 53% university libraries e-resources section opened 6 to 8 hours, 15% of libraries opened above 10 hours while 5% libraries opened for 8 to 10 hours and only 5% libraries opened less than 6 six hours and 21% libraries do not have separate section for E-Resources.

Table-5.16: E-Resource Average user in a month

University Libraries Average user per month MSU 7000 GU 2500

SPU 1250

SU 1150

GV 700

VNSGU 900

GAU 0

SDAU 520

MKBU 900

HNGU 137

BAOU 0

DDU 2200

GNLU 1050

AAU 900

KSKVKU 400

CEPT 450

SSSU 0

GTU 0

GFSU 0

Total 20057

155 Fig. 16: Average monthly use of E-resources

GFSU, 0 SSSU, 0 CEPT, 450 AAU, 900 KSKVKU, 400 GTU, 0 GNLU, 1050

MSU, 7000 BAOU, 0 DDU, 2200

HNGU, 137 BU, 900

SDAU, GU, 2500 520 SU, 1150 GAU, 0 SPU, 1250 VNSGU, 900 GV, 700

Above chart shows that highest user in a month is MSU Libraries approx. 7000 users in month while HNGU has a lowest user (137) in a month of e-resources section while another five university libraries do not have separate section for e-resources.

156

Table-5.17: Period of the day use of E-Resource in library

University Lib. Faculty Research Scholar Students Non- teaching Staff

9 to 12 12 to 5 Beyond 5 9 to 12 12 to 5 Beyond 5 9 to 12 12 to 5 Beyond 5 9 to 12 12 to 5 Beyond 5

MSU

SPU

VNSGU

GAU NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

SDAU

MKBU

HNGU

BAOU NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

DDU

GNLU

AAU

KSKVKU

CEPT

SSSU NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

GTU NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

GFSU NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Total 7 8 2 6 10 1 7 9 1 7 8 4

157 Table-5.17.1: Period of the day use of E-Resource in library

Timing Frequency Percentage

9 to 12 27 38.57

12 to 5 35 50

Beyond 5 8 11.43

Total 70 100%

Fig. 17: Time slot for use of E-Resources in library

Beyond 5 11%

9 to 12 39%

12 to 5 50%

Above chart shows that 50% of the users of the university libraries prefer to use library in the day time of 12 to 5 and 39% of the users prefer 9 to 12, while only 5% of the users prefer to use beyond 5 o’clock.

158

Table-5.18: E-Resource most usually sought by Faculty

University E-Books E-Database E-Journals CDs/DVDs Online E- E-Article ETDs Other E- Libraries Newspaper resources MSU Yes Yes Yes - - - Yes - GU Yes Yes - - - - Yes - SPU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes Yes SU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes - GV Yes - Yes Yes Yes - Yes Yes VNSGU - - Yes Yes Yes - - - GAU ------SDAU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes - Yes

MKBU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes - HNGU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes - - - BAOU ------DDU Yes Yes Yes - - - Yes - GNLU Yes Yes Yes - Yes Yes - - AAU Yes Yes Yes - - - Yes - KSKVKU ------CEPT - - Yes - - - - - SSSU ------GTU ------GFSU ------Total 11 10 12 3 4 5 8 3

159 Table-5.18.1: E-Resource most usually sought by Faculty

E-Resources Frequency Percentage

E-Books 11 19.64%

E-Database 10 17.85%

E-Journals 12 21.42%

CDs/DVDs 3 5.35%

Online Newspaper 4 7.14%

E-Article 5 8.92%

ETDs 8 14.28%

Other E-Resources 3 5.35%

Total 56 100%

Fig. 18: E-Resources Use by Faculty Members

5% 20% E-Books 14% E-Database E-Journals 9% CDs/DVDs 18% 7% Online Newspaper E-Article 5% ETDs 22% Other E-Resources

Above chart shows that most of the faculty members of university libraries prefer to use e-journals 22%, E-books is 20% , E-database is 18%, ETDs 14%, E-Article 9%, Online

News paper is 7% and only 5% faculty are using CDs/DVDs and other E-resources.

160

Table-5.19: E-Resource most usually sought by Research Scholar

University E-Books E-Database E-Journals CDs./DVDs Online E- E-Article ETDs Other E- Libraries Newspaper resources MSU Yes Yes Yes - - - Yes - GU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes - - SPU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes Yes SU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes - GV ------VNSGU - Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes - - GAU ------SDAU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes - Yes MKBU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes - HNGU - Yes Yes Yes - - - - BAOU ------DDU Yes Yes Yes - - - Yes - GNLU Yes Yes Yes - Yes Yes - - AAU Yes Yes Yes - - - Yes - KSKVKU ------CEPT - - Yes - - - - - SSSU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes GTU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes GFSU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Total 12 14 15 6 6 10 9 5

161 Table-5.19.1: E-Resource most usually sought by Research Scholar

E-Resources Frequency Percentage

E-Books 12 15.58

E-Database 14 18.18

E-Journals 15 19.48

CDs/DVDs 6 7.79

Online Newspaper 6 7.79

E-Article 10 12.95

ETDs 9 11.68

Other E-Resources 5 6.49

Total 77 100%

Fig. 19: E-Resources Use by Research Scholar

6% 16% 12% E-Books E-Database

13% 18% E-Journals CDs/DVDs

8% Online Newspaper

8% 19% E-Article ETDs Other E-Resources

Above chart shows that most of the Research scholar of university prefer to use e-journals

19%, E-database is 18%, E-books is 16% , E-Article 13%, ETDs 12%, Online News paper and CDs/DVDs is 8% and only 6% Research scholar are using other E-resources.

162

Table-5.20: E-Resource most usually sought by PG students

University E-Books E-Database E-Journals CDs./DVDs Online E- E-Article ETDs Other E-resources Libraries Newspaper MSU Yes Yes Yes - - - - Yes GU - Yes Yes Yes - - - Yes

SPU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes Yes SU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes - GV ------VNSGU Yes - Yes Yes - - - - GAU ------SDAU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes - Yes MKBU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes - HNGU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes - - BAOU ------DDU Yes Yes Yes - - - - Yes GNLU Yes Yes Yes - Yes Yes - - AAU Yes Yes Yes - - - - Yes

KSKVKU ------CEPT - - Yes - - - - - SSSU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes GTU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes GFSU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Total 13 3 15 6 5 9 6 9

163 Table-5.20.1: E-Resource most usually sought by PG Students

E-Resources Frequency Percentage

E-Books 13 19.69 E-Database 3 4.54 E-Journals 15 22.72 CDs/DVDs 6 9.09 Online Newspaper 5 7.57 E-Article 9 13.63 ETDs 6 9.09 Other E-Resources 9 13.63 Total 66 100%

Fig. 20: E-Resources Use by PG Students

14% 20% E-Books 9% E-Database 4% E-Journals 14% CDs/DVDs 23% Online Newspaper 7% E-Article 9% ETDs Other E-Resources

Above chart shows that 23% of the students use of E-Journals while remaining 20% of use E-books, 14% of use E-Article and other use E-resources, 9% of CD/DVD and ETDs and only 7% of their students is use online newspaper.

164

Table-5.21: E-Resource most usually sought by Non-Teaching Staff

University E-Books E-Database E-Journals CDs./DVDs Online E- E-Article ETDs Other E- Libraries Newspaper resources MSU Yes Yes Yes - - - - - GU ------SPU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes Yes SU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes - GV ------VNSGU Yes ------GAU ------SDAU - - - - Yes - - - MKBU Yes Yes Yes - - Yes Yes - HNGU Yes Yes - Yes - - - - BAOU ------DDU Yes Yes Yes - - - - - GNLU Yes - - Yes - Yes - - AAU Yes Yes Yes - - - - - KSKVKU ------CEPT - - Yes - - - - - SSSU ------GTU ------GFSU ------Total 9 7 7 2 1 4 3 1

165 Table-5.21.1: Resource most usually sought by Non-Teaching Staff

E-Resources Frequency Percentage E-Books 9 26.47 E-Database 7 20.58 E-Journals 7 20.58 CDs/DVDs 2 5.88 Online Newspaper 1 2.94 E-Article 4 11.76 ETDs 3 8.82 Other E-Resources 1 2.94 Total 34 100%

Fig. 21: E-Resources Use by Non-Teaching Staff

E-Books 9% 3% 26% E-Database 12% E-Journals 3% CDs/DVDs 6% Online Newspaper 20% E-Article 21% ETDs Other E-Resources

Above chart shows that most of the Non-teaching staff of university prefer to use E-books and while 21 % of staff e-journals, 20 % of staff using E-Database, 12 % of staff using E-

Article, 9% of staff using ETDs, 6% of staff using CDs/DVDs while only 3% of staff using online newspaper.

166 Part II Survey response by Library users

The present study is focused on the PG students, academic and administrative staff of the

19 universities of Gujarat State. The Stratified random sampling technique was used to choose the sample. Users were approached by through e-mails, visits to their respective departments as well as through respective university librarian. Several consistent follow up were made to obtain maximum response from the users. Table 5.22 provides details of questionnaires received and percentage of response.

Table 5.22: Survey response by users

Category Questionnaire Response Received Percentage distributed PG Student 625 435 57.7

Academic Staff 468 277 36.7

Administrative Staff 137 42 5.6

Total 1230 754 100%

Fig. 22: Survey response received by users 1200

1000

435 800

600 277

400 625 468 200 42 137 0 PG Student Academic Staff Administrative Staff Questionnaire distributed Response Received

167 The data presented in chart show that 1230 questionnaires, were distributed among the

PG Students, Research Scholars, Academic and Administrative Staff of the universities.

Under the study, 754 responses were received. The percentage of response is 74.87.

Category wise distribution of respondents are PG Students 57.7 % (N=625) and about one third of respondents are academic staff 36.3 % (N=468) and 5.6 % (N=137) of the respondents are administrative staff. The respondents are classified by gender and it is presented in the table below.

Gender wise Respondents

Table-5.23 explains about gender. The information obtained about distribution of total respondents has been presented and discussed in this table.

5.23: Gender wise Breakup of Respondents

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 462 61.3

Female 292 38.7

Total 754 100

Fig. 23: Gender wise breakup of respondents

Female 39% Male 61%

Male Female

168 The Table. 5.23 indicate that responses to questionnaire from male respondents are high 462 (61.3%), whereas responses to questionnaire from female are 292 (38.7%). It is evident from the above graph that male respondents are more compared to female respondents.

Age wise Respondents

Users were asked to mark their age group from 20-30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50 years and over 50 years.

Table 5.24: Age wise classification of Respondents

Age group Frequency Percentage

20 – 30 years 448 59.4

31 – 40 years 197 26.1

41 – 50 years 77 10.2

50 and above 32 4.2

Total 754 100%

Fig. 24: Age wise chart of Respondents 70 59.4 60

30 26.1

20 10.2 10 4.2

0 20 – 30 years 31 – 40 years 41 – 50 years 50 and above

169 Table 5.24 revels that out of 754 users, a majority of 448 (59.4) belongs to age group of

20-30 years, followed by 197 (26.1) 31-40 years, while 77 (10.2%) users are 41-50 years and only 32 (4.2%) users over 50 years. It is clearly show that majority of the users are age groups of 20-30 years.

Ease of E-resources use

A large number of e-resources are being subscribed by university libraries through consortia initiates, online e-journals, and open access journals. In this section information has been sought from users regarding use of e-resources, purpose of e-resources and any other aspect of e-resources.

Table No. 5.25: Frequency to learn and handle of E-resources use

Details Frequency Percentage

Training from Uni. Library 154 20.4

Guidance from colleagues & friends 357 47.3

Self-Instruction 228 30.2

External course 4 0.5

Any other 0 0

Total 754 100

170 Fig. 25: To learn the handle of E-resources use by respondents

Any other 0

External course 0.5

Self-Instruction 30.2

Guidance from colleagues & friends 47.3

Training from Uni. Library 20.4

0 10 20 30 40 50

Table no. 5.25 shows that 357 (47.3) % of the users are getting information on e- resources through colleagues & friends, 228 (30.2) % of the user were getting information through self-instruction, 154 (20.4) % of the user get training from university library while only 4(0.5) % of the user who have done external courses for use of e-resources.

Purpose of use of E-resources

E-resources are used for a number of purposes different from the stakeholders who may be further split-up on the basis of level of study. Users were asked to give the purpose of using of E-Resources. The question listed three reasons for which information was sought, the fourth being any other as a choice to users for giving their.

171 Table No. 5.26: Purpose of use of E-resources

Purpose Frequency Percentage

Research 452 59.9

Teaching 247 32.7

Publication 13 1.7

Any Other 42 5.5

Total 754 100

Fig. 26: Frequency of Purpose of E-Resources 70

60 59.9 50

30 32.7

10 1.7 5.5 0 Research Teaching Publication Any Other

The Library provided electronic resources to its users. It is important to know from the users that for what purpose they are using e-resources. It has been found from the Table

No. 5.26 Shows that 452 (59.9) % of the user use e-resources for Research work, 247

(32.7) for teaching purpose, 13 (1.7) for publication, while 42 (5.5) % user use e- resources for other purpose. The above analysis reveals that the respondents are more interested in the use of e-resources for Research Purpose.

172 Browse required information from E-resource Section

The users were asked how to browse required information from e-resource section. The question listed four options for browsing required information.

Table 5.27: Browse information from E-resources Section

Details Frequency Percentage

Type the web address directly 175 23.2

Use search Engines 515 68.3

Use Subscribed E-resources 35 4.6

Any Other 29 3.8

Total 754 100

Fig. 27: Frequency to browse information from E-resources Section 80

70 68.3

30 23.2

10 4.6 3.8

0 Type the web address Use search Engines Use Subscribed E- Any Other Directly Resources

The above mention table shows that majority of users 515 (68.3%) of users use search

Engine for access of e-resources, 175(23.2) % user type the web address directly, 35(4.6)

% user use Subscribed resources while 29 (3.8) % user respondents any other. It is

173 Evident from the above graph that majority of the respondents from university are preferred to use search engine for use of E-resources.

Table 5.28: Awareness of UGC Infonet E-Journals consortia

Details Frequency Percentage

Yes 295 41

No 423 58.9

Total 718 100%

Fig. 28: Awareness of UGC Infonet E-Journals consortia 70

58.9 60

41 40

0 Yes No

All the universities do not have access of UGC INFONET consortium thus above result shows that only 295(41%) of respondents are aware of the UGC INFONET Consortium while 423 (58.9%) of the user are not aware of the consortium.

174 Table 5.29: Use of UGC Infonet E-Journals consortia

Details Frequency Percentage

Yes 201 29

No 490 70.9

Total 691 100%

Fig. 29: Use of UGC Infonet E-Journals consortia

29%

71%

Yes No

According to table 5.29 that 490(70.9%) of the respondents of university libraries do not use UGC INFONET consortia while 201 (29%) of the respondents use consortia journals.

175 Table 5.30: E-resource prefer most

E-Resources Frequency Percentage

E-books 194 26.21

E-Journals 224 30.27

E-research reports 85 11.48

E-reference Source 95 12.83

E-Thesis 46 6.21

E-Newspaper 85 11.48

Any other 11 1.48

Total 740 100

Fig. 30. E-Resources prefer most 35

30.27 30 26.21 25

15 12.83 11.48 11.48

10 6.21 5 1.48

0 E-books E-Journals E-research E-reference E-Thesis E-Newspaper Any other Reports Source

According to table no. 5.30 E-resources preferences shows that 224 (30.27%) of respondents select E-journals, 194 (26.21%) user E-books, 95 (12.83%) user E-reference

Source, 85 (11.48%) user E-research reports and E-Newspaper, 46 (6.21%) user E-thesis while 11 (1.48%) users opined any other resources.

176 Frequency of using the E-Resources The respondents were asked to indicate the frequency of its use. The data received in this regard has been presented in below Tables.

Table 5.31: Period of using the E-resources

E-Resources Frequency Percentage

Less than 6 months 44 6.2

6 month-1 year 111 15.7

1-2 years 238 33.7

2-4 years 168 23.7

More than 4 years 145 20.5

Total 706 100

Fig. 31: Frequency of using the e-resource section

33.7

23.7 20.5

15.7

6.2

Less than 6 6 month-1 year 1-2 years 2-4 years More than 4 years Months

Above table shows that 238 (33.7%) of respondents use e-resources section form 1-2 years, 168 (23.7%) of 2-4 years, 145 ((20.5%) of More than 4 years, 111(15.7%) of 6 month -1 year while only 44 (6.2%) of respondents are less than 6 months.

177 Table 5.32: Often use for E-resource Section

Details Frequency Percentage

Daily 82 11.5

2-3 times a week 426 60

2-3 times a month 148 20.8

Once in a month 54 7.6

Total 710 100

Fig. 32: often use of E-resource Section

Daily 2-3 times a week 2-3 times a month Once in a month

8% 11%

21%

60%

Table 5.32 depicts the frequency of using E-resource Sections. Most of the respondents visit E-resource section 2-3 times a week 426(60%), 148 (20.8 %) of respondents of users use 2-3 times a month, 82(11.5 %) users use daily while only 54 (7.6%) use once in a month.

178 Table 5.33: Hours spent in a week to use of E-resource

Details Frequency Percentage

Less than one hour in a week 106 15.2

2-3 hours in a week 334 48.1

7-9 hours in a week 184 26.5

10-20 hours in a week 69 9.9

Total 693 100

Fig. 33: Weekly use of E-Resources 60

48.1 40

26.5 20

15.2 10 9.9

0 Less than one hour in 2-3 hours in a week 7-9 hours in a week 10-20 hours in a week a week

It is evident from the above table that out of 693 respondents, 334(48.1%) respondents spend 2-3 hours in a week for access of E-resources, followed by 184 (26.5%) spend 7-9 hours in a week, 106(15.2%) spend less than one hour in week and only 69 (9.9%) spend

10-20 hours in a week to use of E-resources.

179 Table 5.34: Place to use of E-resources.

Details Frequency Percentage

University Library 369 48.9

Dept. Library 228 30.2

At Home 155 20.5

Other Place 2 0.2

Total 754 100

Fig. 34: Place to use of E-Resources

Dept. Library 30%

At Home 21% Other 21%

University Library 49%

Other Place 0%

Table no. 5.34 Place to use of E-resources. The finding shows that 2 (0.2%) user use e- resources at other place, 155 (20.5%) use e-resource at home, 228 (30.2%) use Dept.

Library and 369 (48.9%) users use e-resource at university library. Finally we can conclude that most of the users use e-resources at university library and departmental library.

180 Table 5.35: Period of using of Internet

Details Frequency Percentage Daily 323 42.8

2-3 Times a week 378 50.1

2-3 Times a month 45 5.9

Once in a month 8 1.0

Total 754 100

Fig.35: Use of Internet

Once in a month 1

2-3 Times a month 5.9

2-3 Times a week 50.1

Daily 42.8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Table 5.35 shows that half of the respondents use 378 (50.1 %) Internet 2-3 hours in week, followed 323 (42.8 %) user use internet in daily , 45(5.9%) user use internet 2-3 times in a month while only 8(1%) users use internet in once in a month.

181 Table 5.36: Use of CD Rom

Details Frequency Percentage

Daily 1 0.7

2-3 Times a week 30 21.5

2-3 Times a month 34 24.4

Once in a month 74 53.2

Total 139 100

Fig. 36 : Use of CD Rom

53.2

24.4

21.5

0.7

D A I L Y 2 - 3 T I M E S A W E E K 2 - 3 T I M E S A M O N T H O N C E I N A M O N T H

Table No. 5.36 shows that 74 (53.2 %) users use CD Rom service for Once in a month while 34 (24.4%) of the user 2-3 times in a month, 31 (21.5%) user use 2-3 times in a week and only 1(0.7 %) user use CD Rom Daily.

182 Table 5.37: Use of E-Journals

Details Frequency Percentage

Daily 6 1.09

2-3 Times a week 122 22.26

2-3 Times a month 181 33

Once in a month 239 43.61

Total 548 100

Fig. 37: Using of E-Journals

Once in a month 43.61

2-3 Times a month 33

2-3 Times a week 22.26

Daily 1.09

Table No. 5.37 shows that 239 (43.6) % users use E-Journals for Once in a month while

181 (33 %) of the user use it 2-3 times in a month, 122 (22.2%) user use 2-3 times in a week and only (1%) user use E-Journals Daily.

183 Performance of E-Resources

It has been observed that the stakeholder used E-resources for various purposes and in order to get maximum advantage thereof they try to surf various website for collecting the E-resources. Not always do they come across the information they need. On many occasion as a table shows they fail to obtain the relevant information which leads to frustration.

Table 5.38 Get desired information while searching of E-resources

Details Frequency Percentage

Always Relevant 173 23.2

Sometimes relevant 471 63.3

Always Irrelevant 12 1.6

Cannot say 87 11.7

Total 743 100

Fig. 38 To get desired information while searching E- Resources

Cannot say 11.7

Always Irrelevant 1.6

Sometimes relevant 63.3

Always Relevant 23.2

184 Above table No.5.38 shows that 471(63.3%) respondents of university libraries opined that they get sometimes relevant information while 173(23.2%) user opined that they get always relevant information, 87(11.7%) respondents cannot say about the question and only 12 (1.6%) respondents opined that always get irrelevant information while searching the E-resources.

Table 5.39: Problem faces while using the E-resources

Details Frequency Percentage

Slow access speed 195 28.1

Overload of information on the internet 218 31.3

Difficulty in finding relevant information 198 28.4

It takes too long to view/download pages 42 6

Privacy problem 34 4.8

Any other please specify 9 1.2

Total 696 100

Fig. 39: Problem facing while using e-resources

35 31.3 30 28.1 28.4

10 6 4.8 5 1.2 0 Slow access Overload of Difficulty in It takes too Privacy Any other Speed information on finding relevant Long to Problem Please specify the internet information view/download pages

185 According to the Above Table No. 5.39 respondents of university opined that 218

(31.3%) information on the Internet while 198 (28.4%) said that they face difficulty in finding relevant information, 195 (28.1%) user opined that face slow access speed while searching E-resources, 42 (4.8%) said that it takes too long to view pages, 34 (4.8%) user face a privacy problem and 9 (1.2%) user other problems while searching the E- resources.

Above chart shows that respondent face three types of problem Overload information on

The Internet, Difficulty in finding in relevant and slow access speed while searching the

E-resources.

Table 5.40: Collecting the search material while using the E-resources

Category Frequency Percentage

Yes 708 93.8

No 46 6.1

Total 754 100

Fig. 40: Collecting the search materials

No 6%

Yes No

Yes 94%

186 Above mention charts shows that 94% of the library users collect searched material while only 6 % users not collect the searched materials.

Table 5.41: Sources of Media for collecting of search material

Category Frequency Percentage

Pen Drive 584 82.4

CD 8 1.1

Cloud Storage 62 8.7

USB Hard drive 49 6.9

Laptop 3 0.4

Memory Card 2 0.2

Total 708 100

Fig. 41: Source of media for Collecting search materials

82.4

1.1 8.7 6.9 0.4 0.2

Pen Drive CD Cloud Storage USB Hard drive Laptop Memory Card

187 Table No.5.41 shows that 584 (82.4%) of the respondents collect search information on their Pen Drive while 62 (8.7%) of the user save data on cloud storage, 49 (6.9%) of the respondents collect information on USB Hard drive, 8(1.1%) are collect data on CD, 3

(0.4%) use laptop for collect data and 2 (0.2%) respondents use memory card for collecting of search materials.

Table No. 5.42: Advantages to use of the E-resources

Details Frequency Percentage

Time Saving 564 74.8

Simultaneous usages 36 4.7

Easy to Use 87 11.5

Archival Facility 39 5.1

More Flexible 18 2.3

More Effective 9 1.1

Eco friendly 1 0.1

Total 754 100

Fig. 42: Advantages to use of E-Resources

80 70 74.8

10 4.7 11.5 5.1 2.3 1.1 0.1 0

188 Table No. 5.42 Advantages of accessing of E-resource, 564 (74.8%) of the respondent university use opined that Time saving, followed by 87 (11.5%) are Easy to use, 39 (5.1%) use Archival Facility, 36 (4.7%) Simultaneous usages, 18 (2.3%) More Flexible, 9(1.1%)

More effective and 1(0.1%) users opined are Eco friendly.

Table 5.43: E-Resources Influenced in academic efficiency

Details Frequency Percentage

Dependency on the e-Resources has increased 193 26.9

Expedited the research process 153 21.3

Improved professional competence 367 51.2

Any other (please specify) 3 0.4

Total 716 100

Fig. 43: E-Resources influenced in Academic efficiency

51.2

26.9 21.3

0.4 Dependency on Expedited the Improved Any other please the e-Resources research process Professional specify has increased competence

189 Table No. 5.43 E-resources Influenced in academic efficiency shows that half of the respondents 367 (51.2%) opined Improved professional competence, followed by 196

(21.3%) Dependency on the E-Resources has increased, 153 (21.3%) user expedited the research process while only 3 (0.4%) user opined any other.

Table 5.44: Take print out of search materials

Category Frequency Percentage

Yes 204 29

No 499 70.9

Total 703 100

Fig. 44: Take Print out of Search Materials

70.9

Yes No

Table No. 5.44 shows that 499 (70.9%) of the user opined that they do not take print out of searched materials while only 204(29%) of the take print out of searched materials.

Above graph shows that majority of the respondents do not take print out of searched materials.

190 Satisfaction with E-Resources

The respondents were asked to indicate the satisfaction of E-resources provided by university libraries. The data received in this regard has been presented in below mentioned table.

Table 5.45: Satisfaction of e-resources provided by University Library

Details Frequency Percentage

Fully 209 27.7

Partially 353 46.8

Least Satisfied 136 18

No comments 52 6.8

Total 754 100

Fig. 45: Satisfaction of E-Resources provided by University Library

Partially 47%

No Other Least comment 25% Satisfied s 18% 7%

Fully 28%

Above table no. 5.45 Satisfaction of E-resource facility shows that 353(46.8) % users feel that they were partially satisfied while 209 (27.7) % users are fully satisfied, 136 (18)

191 % of the user is Least Satisfied and 52(6.8) % users are having chosen “no comments” option of the above answer.

Table 5.46: Satisfaction of E-resource section of University library

Details Frequency Percentage

Yes 353 48.42

No 376 51.57

Total 729 100

Fig. 46: Satisfaction of E-Resources section

No 51.57

Yes 48.42

Above table no 5.46 shows that half of the users 376 (51.5%) are not satisfied with E- resource section in university libraries while 353 (48.4) % of the users are satisfied with e-resource section.

192 Table 5.47: Reason for not Satisfaction of e-resource section

Details Frequency Percentage

Less working hours 149 39.6

Charges to access E-resources 27 7.1

Lack of proper guidance 83 22

Lac k of printing facilities 26 6.9

In-sufficient E-resources 61 16.2

Technical Problems 10 2.6

Failure of hardware and software affect the 11 2.9 functioning of E-resources section Any other 9 2.3

Total 376 100

Fig. 47: Reason of not Satisfaction of E-resource section

Any other 2.3

Technical Problems 2.6

Failure of hardware and software 2.9 affect the functioning of E-…

Lac k of printing facilities 6.9

Charges to access E-resources 7.1

In-sufficient E-resources 16.2

Lack of proper guidance 22

Less working hours 39.6

0 10 20 30 40

Above Table no. 5.47 shows that out of 754 respondents 376 are not satisfied with e- resources section. Majority of respondents 149 (39.6%) of are opined that Less working

193 Hours while 83 (22%) of Lack of Proper guidance, 61 (16.2%) are In-sufficient E- resources, 27 (7.1%) Charges to access E-Resources, 26 (6.9%) are Lack of Printing facilities, 11 (2.9%) for Failure of hardware and software affect the functioning of E- resources section, 10(2.6%) of Technical Problems, and only 9 (2.3%) that there are problems other than listed in the chart.

Table 5.48: Required training programme for accessing of E-resources

Details Frequency Percentage

Yes 687 91.1

No 67 8.8

Total 754 100

Fig. 48: Required Training programme for accessing of E- Resources

No 9%

Yes 91%

Yes No

The question asked to the respondents to need training programming for accessing e- resources. The Above Table shows that 687 (91.1%) Majority of the respondents are required training programme for accessing of E-resources while 67 (8.8%) user opined that they no need training programme for access of E-resources.

194 Table 5.49: Whom do you prefer for training programme

Details Frequency Percentage

Library Staff 288 41.9

Subject Expert 84 12.2

Computer Professional 117 17

Combination of all the above 198 28.8

Total 687 100

Fig. 49: Whom do you prefer for training programme

Combination of all the above 29% Library Staff 42%

Computer Professional 17% Subject Expert 12%

Above Table No. 5.49 shows that 288 (41.9%) of the respondents prefer Library staff for training or orientation programme while 198 (28.8%) prefer Combination of all the above, 64 (12.2%) prefer Subject Expert and only 84 (12.2%) prefer Subject Expert for training programme. Above chart clearly shows that 42 % of the respondents prefer library staff for training or orientation programme.

195 Table No. 5.50: Online catalogue service provided by university libraries

Library services Frequency Percentage

Yes 495 75.57

No 160 24.4

Total 655 100

Fig. 50: Online catalogue service provided by university Libraries

75.57

24.4

Yes No

Above Table no. 5.50 shows that 495 (75.3%) of the respondents of university opined that they are satisfied with online catalogue services while 160(24.4%) are not satisfied with online catalogue services.

196 Table 5.51: Online database service provided by university libraries

Library services Frequency Percentage

Yes 466 70.2

No 197 29.7

Total 663 100

Fig. 51: Online database service provided by university libraries

30%

Yes No

70%

Above Table no 5.51 shows that 466 (70.2%) of the respondents of libraries opined that they are satisfied with Online data base while 197 (29.7%) of respondents are not satisfied.

Table No. 5.52: Ask a Librarian service provided by university libraries

Library services Frequency Percentage

Yes 370 70.2

No 155 29.5

Total 525 100

197

Fig. 52: Ask a Librarian service provided by university libraries

Title Axis 70.2 30

29.5 10

Yes No

Axis Title

Above table no. 5.52 shows that 370 (70.2%) respondents are satisfied with Ask a

Librarian service while 155 (29.5%) users are not satisfied with ask a librarian services.

Above charts shows that seventy percent of the respondents are satisfied with Ask a

Librarian services.

Table No. 5.53: Online ILL form service provided by university libraries

Library services Frequency Percentage

Yes 111 30

No 259 70

Total 370 100

198 Fig. 53: Online ILL form service provided by university libraries

30%

70%

Yes No

Above Table no. 5.53 shows that 111 (30%) of the respondents are satisfied while 259

(70%) of respondents are not satisfied with Online ILL services. Above mentioned chart shows that majority of the respondents are not satisfied with Online ILL service provided by university libraries.

Table No. 5.54: CD Rom Database service provided by university libraries

Library services Frequency Percentage

Yes 138 36.9

No 235 63

Total 373 100

199 Fig. 54: CD Rom Database Service provided by university Libraries

63 70

50 36.9 40

0 Yes No

Table no. 5.54 shows that 138 (36.9%) of users are satisfied with CD Rom Service while

235 (63%) of users are not satisfied with CD Rom service provided by university libraries.

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FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION Summary of Findings

These findings will help librarians to know more about their users, which will

help them to set policy, make decisions and design more effective products and

services. The important finding of this study can be summarized as follows:

University Libraries:

1. Findings show a total of nineteen university libraries in different disciplines like

Agriculture, Arts and Sciences, Engineering, Ayurveda, Law and an open

university, offering conventional courses in Gujarat, were covered under present

study. There is a wide gap between the establishment of Hansa Mehta Library

established 1949 and Gujarat Forensic Science University library established in

2008. All University libraries possessed their own unique University website and

library e-mail address.

2. Findings of the working hours of the libraries reveal that Gujarat National Law

University tries to work for many more hours than other university libraries.

There is much disparity in the number of working hours and the working days in

each university library. Thus it can be assumed that maximum use of library in

the library premises is achieved by keeping the library open for more number of

hours in a day.

3. Findings of the library users reveal that majority of users of the university

libraries are the students (UG/PG) and only 2% are users are research scholar.

4. Findings of the staff strength of university libraries reveal that there are high

variations in staff. Almost all the university libraries are facing the problem of

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inadequate number of professionally qualified and trained staff to handle

changing technologies in a digital environment. The situation demands that

more staff be acquired to handle E-Resources for University libraries. Every

University library should give emphasis on inducting technical assistants with

computer science background to face the emerging challenges.

5. Findings on strength of library print collection reveal that Smt. Hansa Mehta

Library (MSU), one of the oldest University libraries in Gujarat, has the highest

collection of 8,25,895 books followed by Gujarat Vidyapith Library which has

more than 6 lakh books. The GFSU has the lowest book collection of 2500 books.

6. Findings on periodical collection reveal that University libraries like Gujarat

Vidyapith library has been on the top with 382 journals followed by Bhaikaka

Library with 334 journals and Somnath Sanskrit University Library has the

lowest periodicals collection 12 in print form.

7. Findings on Thesis/Dissertation Collection reveal that University libraries like

Hansa Mehta Library has the highest collection of Theses/dissertations followed

by Veer Narmad South Gujarat University Library (VNSGU) Library with 10538

and Bhaikaka Library (SPU) has the lowest collection 46 in print form.

8. Findings on strength of library E-books collection reveal that Gujarat University

library has the highest collection of 20,000 E-books followed by Smt. Hansa

Mehta Library that has 5895 e-books, Dantiwada Agricultural University (SDAU)

has 650 e-books and Gujarat National Law University has 400 e-books in their

collection and remaining universities have not provided data for e-books

collection.

9. Findings on CD ROMs Collection reveal that university libraries like Gujarat

Vidyapith Library has highest collection of CD ROMs 2718, followed by

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Bhavnagar University library 2200, and CEPT Library has lowest collection of

284 CDROMs while other ten universities ex. SPU, SU, GAU, SDAU, DDU, GNLU,

AAU, SSSU,GTU, GFSU library have not provided the CDROMs details of the

library.

10. Findings show that there is no single university library that has the collection of

Microfilms/Microfiches/slide.

11. Findings show that Gujarat Ayurved University has more than 4000 manuscripts

in its collection.

12. The findings on budget show that smt. Hansa Mehta Library has the highest

expenditure of the total budget, whereas Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open

University Library has the lowest budget of Rs. 5.56 lac. The overall findings

reveal that out of 19 universities 14 universities have provided data for their

budgets.

13. The overall findings reveal that more amount of budget has been allocated for

print Resource rather than for E-Resources. It is also clear that out of 19

universities only four University libraries have allotted separate budget for E-

resources.

14. The findings of Library resource and facilities like library automation software,

Barcode technology, Scanner, Digital Camera, web camera reveal that out of the

19 universities, 17 universities are automated using library software like

Software of University Libraries (SOUL). GNLU and AAU Library use Libsys

software, while CEPT use Koha software and SDAU use Total Library solution.

Most of the university libraries use SOUL software for automation of Libraries.

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15. Findings on using of barcode reveal that all the university libraries use barcode

technology except the following four universities that have not introduced

barcode technology in their libraries, GAU, SSSU, GTU, and GFSU.

16. Regarding the use of scanner the findings reveal that all university libraries are

using scanner technology except following four universities that do not use

scanner in their libraries GAU, SSSU, GTU, and GFSU.

17. Regarding the availability of Digital camera out of 19 universities only 9 nine

universities have facility of digital camera and eight universities have facility of

web camera.

18. Regarding separate section for E-resources, findings show that out of 19

universities libraries only 9 universities have separate section for accessing e-

resources. Half of the university libraries do not have separate section for e-

resources.

19. It is found that majority of libraries do not have separate computers for

accessing E-resources.

20. It is found that majority of the libraries of universities under the jurisdiction of

Gujarat (95%) have printing facilities.

21. It has been also observed that the majority of University libraries 15 (79%) have

facility for LAN while only 4 (21%) University libraries do not have facility for

LAN.

22. It is found that out of the 19 University libraries five (5) Universities have leased

line connection, (10) Universities have Broadband facility for accessing of

internet while another four (4) libraries do not have facility for Internet

connection.

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23. As findings show that only one (1) University, GNLU is using software for

management of E-resources.

24. It is found that majority of the libraries of universities 15 (79%) do not have

Institutional Repository for library users.

25. The data reveals that 53% of university libraries have UGC Info-net consortium

Membership for access of e-journals while 47% (9) university libraries do not

have membership of UGC Info-net consortium.

26. Out of 19 universities only 6 universities have membership of other than UGC

Infonet consortium while remaining 13 universities do not have membership of

UGC Infonet consortium.

27. Result shows that out of the 19 universities libraries 13 libraries have (68%)

subscribed E-Journals with full text and Abstract while 6 universities (32%) have

not subscribed e-Resources for their users. It shows that the maximum

universities have subscribed e-Resources for its users.

28. Findings show that 50 % libraries keep E-resources section opened for fewer

than 8 hours, 15% of libraries opened for more than 10 hours, while 5% libraries

opened for 8 to 10 hours and only 5% libraries opened less than 6 six hours and

21% libraries do not have separate section for E-Resources.

29. Findings show that majority of the users prefer time for accessing of e-resources

from 9 to 12 and from 12 to 5.

30. Findings show that the majority of faculty members of university libraries

preferred e-journals.

31. Findings show that majority of Research scholars prefers e-journals for their

research work.

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32. Findings show that the majority of PG students use E-journals for their study

purpose.

33. Findings show that majority of Non-teaching staff prefers E-books for their work.

Finding based on user responses:

This section covers findings based on user’s opinions on the purpose of using

library, usage of e-resources collection and their level of satisfaction. Findings have

been listed below:

1. The overall findings of survey response received is that majority of the

respondents are PG Students.

2. The overall findings regarding gender of the respondents indicate that the

majority of the respondents are male.

3. It is observed that more than half of the users belong to 20-30 years, the

compared to other age groups. It can be concluded that majority of users are

young who are in their early thirties.

4. The overall findings of library users to handle the e-resources reveal that

majority of the users get guidance for using of e-resources through their

colleagues and friends.

5. The overall findings of respondents regarding purpose of E-resources show that

the respondents of university libraries preferred Research and Teaching as most

important for use of e-resources.

6. The overall findings of the respondents of university library is to browse

required information searching e-resources that majority of the respondents

from university libraries preferred search engines for browsing the required

information.

206

7. The overall findings of the respondents of university libraries on awareness of

UGC Infonet consortia reveal that majority of respondents do not know about the

UGC Infonet E-journal consortia.

8. The overall findings on opinion of respondents’ use of UGC Infonet E-journal

consortia indicated that majority of the respondents are not using UGC Infonet E-

journal consortia.

9. The overall response of respondents’ reveals that majority of respondents

preferred E-Journals and E-books compared to other resources.

10. The overall findings of respondents using e-resource section imply that majority

of the respondents have been using e-resources section for last 1-2 years.

11. The overall findings on frequency of using e-resource sections of library user’s

respondents reveal that majority of the library users use e-resource section 2-3

times in a week.

12. The overall opinion of university libraries users indicates that majority of the

users spend 2-3 hours in a week for using E-resources.

13. The overall opinion of library users shows that majority of the users use e-

resources at university library.

14. The overall opinion of library users indicates that majority of the users use

internet 2-3 times in a week.

15. The overall opinion of library users shows that very few users use CD Rom

service in the library.

16. The overall opinion of the users shows that very few users use e-Journals daily

while majority of the users use e-journals once in a month.

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17. Overall opinion of the users indicates that they get desired information while

searching the E-resources and that majority of the users get sometimes relevant

information while searching the E-resources.

18. The Overall opinion of users is that they face problems in accessing e-resources,

that most of the respondents opined Overload of information on the internet,

difficulty in finding relevant information and slow access speed.

19. The overall opinion of the users, collecting the search materials, reveals those

93.8 % users collected the materials from e-resources.

20. Overall opinion of the users is that while collecting the searched materials,

majority of the users collect data from e-resources and use storage medium as

pen drive.

21. An overall finding on the advantages of accessing of e-resource from university

respondents reveals that majority of respondents marked “time saving” as a

major advantage of accessing e-resources.

22. The overall opinion of those who were influenced by e-resources in academic

efficiency reveals that half of the respondents felt that e-resources influenced

their academic efficiency.

23. The overall opinion of the respondents indicates that majority of the

respondents have not taken print-out of searched materials.

24. The overall opinion of the library respondents is that only one third users are

fully satisfied with e-resource provided by university.

25. The overall opinion of the users of university libraries is that half of the users are

not satisfied with E-resources section of university library.

208

26. The overall opinion of “not satisfaction” of e-resources section by respondents

reveals that majority of the respondents do not get satisfaction due to the limited

working hours.

27. The overall opinion of training for e-resources reveals that majority of the users

require training programmes for accessing E-resources.

28. The overall opinion of respondents is that majority of university respondents’

preferred library staff for training programme.

29. The overall opinion of online catalogue service provided by university libraries is

that majority of the respondents are satisfied with online catalogue service.

30. The overall opinion online database services provided by university libraries

reveal that majority of the users are satisfied with online database service

provided by university libraries.

31. The overall opinion about “Ask a librarian” service provided by university

libraries reveals that majority of the university respondents are satisfied with

“Ask a librarian” service provided by university libraries.

32. The overall opinion of the ILL service provided by university libraries reveals

that majority of the university respondents are not satisfied with ILL Service

provided by university libraries.

33. The overall opinion of CD Rom database service provided by university libraries

reveals that majority of university respondents are not satisfied with CD Rom

Database service provided by the university libraries.

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TESTING OF HYPOTHESES:

In view of the objectives of the study, the following hypothesis has to be tested through analysis of data. Hypothesis1: Present status of e-resources is inadequate in the university libraries in Gujarat.

From table No. 5.6 shows that Gujarat University library has a very large

collection of E-books compared to other University libraries. It is clear

from the data that 79 % University libraries do not have collection of E-

books. Out of the 19 University libraries only 9 libraries have collection of

CD Rom.

From table No. 5.11 shows that only one University GNLU has using

software for managing of E-resources while 18 University do not have

using software for E-resources Section. Out of 19 University libraries only

4 libraries have Institutional Repository facilities.

From table No. 5.12 shows that more than half of the University libraries

have membership of UGC-Infonet Consortium for accessing of E-

Resources while 47 % of University Libraries do not have member of

consortium.

From table No. 5.8.4 shows that out of 19 University Libraries only 6

libraries have membership of Indian consortia other than UGC-Infonet.

From table No 5.14.2 shows that half of the users 376 (51.5%) are not

satisfied with E-resource section in university libraries while 353 (48.4)

% of the users are satisfied with e-resource section. So majority of the

users opined that they are not satisfied with E-resource section provided

by university libraries.

210

The findings of the study indicates that the E-resources obtain by the libraries are not sufficient. Consequently the stakeholder feel that they are not able to used them optimally and this adwordsly affects their pedagogy or research efforts. Thus the hypothesis 1 is supported by the findings of the study.

Hypothesis 2: Insufficient fund for E-resources.

From table No. 5.7 shows that Smt. Hansa Mehta Library has total budget

of Rs. 1.83 crore for library resources. It is the highest among the all

University libraries under this study. SDAU University Library has second

place in the spending of Library budget. While Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar

Open University libraries have very less only 5.56 lac. Some of the

University libraries could not provide data for library budget i.e. KSKVKU,

AAU, SSSU, GTU, GFSU.

From table No. 5.7.1 shows that Sardar Krushinagar Dantiwada

Agricultural University has allotted highest budget among all University

libraries. Out of 19 University libraries only four have University libraries

GV, SDAU, CEPT and GNLU have allotted separate budget for E-Resources.

Though it is widely accepted that in days to come the stakeholders will maximize the use of E-resources as a result of digital revolution, the universities do not earmark separate fund for them. It can be seem from that table No. 5.7& 5.7.1 only 2 universities have separate, though modest budget for this purpose compare to the print materials. Most of the universities spend negligible resources on them. Thus the hypothesis 2 is also supported by the findings of the study.

211

Hypothesis 3: The situation of the man power working in e-Resource section is impoverished.

From table No. 5.3 shows that out of 19 university libraries only 2% (6)

universities have permanent post of the librarian. Most of the libraries

work under an in-charge librarian. There is no single university that has

deputy librarian in the university library. The number of Assistant

librarians varies from 01 to 03. The MSU library has the maximum

number of Assistant Librarians (i.e. 03)

Maximum staffs are as Clerks and Technical Assistants. As far as the semi-

professional staffs are concerned, the MSU stands first with 16 Technical

Assistants and 34 clerks in the university library. There is no Technical

Assistant and Library Assistant in the following university libraries, GAU,

SDAU, BAOU, DDU, KSKVKU, CEPT, SSSU, GTU and GFSU.

Man power is the backbone of any organization, more so in the case of libraries their nature of work is based specialization and in view of the rapid change in the technology the library personnel need to be technical qualified for their day to day interaction with the stakeholders. As the table shows very few libraries have technical assistant to facilitate the working hours of the libraries. Thus the hypothesis 3 is also supported by the findings of the study.

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SUGGESTIONS

1. As it is very important to provide E-resources service effectively, the

universities under the study must come forward and recruit adequate number

of qualified and professional staff.

2. University libraries should purchase or subscribe to more and more e-books

collection for the benefitted of library users.

3. Some of the university libraries have very good collection of CD Rom but they

are not properly arranged in libraries, so I suggest that purchase CD Rom server

for easy access of CD Rom.

4. A specific and separate budget should be allotted for e-resources for the

procurement of new resources and renewal of existing resources, such as e-

journals, e-books, e-databases online subscription etc. At the time of budget

allocation it should be kept in mind that the amount for the subscription of e-

resources must be one fourth of the total budget of the library.

5. University libraries should create a separate E-resource section/ department in

central library, equipped with latest computers with Internet facilities for the

benefit of library users.

6. University libraries should make arrangement for Library Networking facility

for the smoothly work of library system.

7. University libraries should make arrangement for E-resource management

software for maximum utilization of subscribed E-resources.

8. Libraries should create Institutional Repository for the benefit of stakeholders.

9. The university libraries under the study should subscribe UGC-Infonet E-

Journals Consortium for library users. UGC-Infonet E-Journals Consortium are

213

the only worthy resources, the university libraries should come-out with plans

for making the best use of these resources. The users should be informed about

these valuable resources and be provided accessibility not only at all the places

within the university campuses but also off the campus residences of the end-

users.

10. The university libraries should take measures to create awareness about the e-

resources accessible under the UGC-Infonet E-Journal Consortium, online

Information sources subscribed by the university libraries, CD-ROM databases,

digital archives, and OPACs.

11. University libraries should subscribe INDEST Consortia, CSIR consortia and

many more e-resources which are available in the market.

12. Library must extend their operating/working hours so that users can use

maximum time and that will be very beneficial.

13. University libraries must introduce user awareness programmes about e-

resources and their uses.

14. Special training programs should be organized for students and faculty

members for the maximum use of e-resources so that users can adequately trace

relevant information.

15. As no university library is self-sufficient in catering to the information needs of

their users, they need to direct their users to the right places where the needed

information is available. Hence, the university libraries should plan for

providing referral service through electronic mode.

16. Electronic document delivery service is another service on which the university

libraries should act.

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17. The e-resources which are being subscribed by the libraries should be

periodically evaluated on the basis of their usability and decision should be

taken either to continue or to cancel the subscription of those e-resources

through conducting user’s survey from time to time.

18. Announcements should be made by the library about the availability of new e-

resources or additions of new databases for the users of the library.

CONCLUSION:

The university libraries need to pay due attention for making provision for well-

planned electronic resource-based services to its end-users. The virtual

reference services, alerting services, and electronic document services need to be

provided to the end-users.

Surprisingly, only a small portion of the academicians is aware of electronic

Information sources and services provided by their university libraries. The

majority of academic staff is not using e-resources and services though they are

aware of them. There is an urgent need on the part of the university libraries to

convert the potential users into actual users by creating awareness about the e-

resources and services that they have for offering to the academicians and made

known of the importance of these resources and services in enhancing their

academic and research productivity.

To succeed in this effort, the university libraries need to be helped by their own

Universities. The Gujarat State universities should come forward to support their

libraries by allocating sufficient funds required for the collection of electronic

information sources and provide electronic information services, and for

education of their end-users. The universities need to recruit well-qualified staff

to carry-out these activities smoothly.

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SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH:

The following suggestions were suggested by the researcher from this research.

The present study made an Impact and use of e-resources in the university libraries of Gujarat. So I would like to suggest that a further study may be extended to various states. Also further study may be conducted to compare the same one by different States. The study may also be extended to compare professional and non-professional institutions.

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