February 2004 Volume 16 Number 2 Publisher’s Commentary 5 I’m getting an eerie feeling about Blue Line Magazine flying these days 12A-4981 Hwy 7 East Ste 254 Markham, ON L3R 1N1 Handcuffs 6 Canada An historical overview of police restraints Ph: 905 640-3048 Fax: 905 640-7547 High-tech transporters give new 11 eMail: [email protected] meaning to Mounted Police — Publisher — Morley S. Lymburner Darkening skies 13 eMail: [email protected] A real and present danger exists over Canadian skies — General Manager — Mary Lymburner, M.Ed. eMail: [email protected] Dealing with critical incident stress 15 — Editor — Using “Grey Power” to solve crimes 17 Mark Reesor Four gumshoes say that solving old crimes eMail: [email protected] is preferable to retirement — News Editor — Les Linder Newfoundland police still saddled 18 eMail: [email protected] with revolvers — Advertising — A different cover for a different kind of is- Replacement officers end Mowhawk 19 Mary Lymburner sue. This is Blue Line Magazine’s Annual Sup- Dean Clarke reserve standoff Bob Murray ply and Services Guide. When Blue Line Maga- eMail: [email protected] A unified voice during crises is crucial 20 zine began publishing 16 years ago it was diffi- cult locating companies even interested in se- — Pre-press Production — riously marketing to this sector. Due to its nar- Del Wall A first responder approach to 21 dangerous goods row niche of interest and needs Blue Line de- — Contributing Editors — cided it was worth the effort to simply survey Communication Skills Terry Barker Monitoring public spaces 24 the industry to see who was serious about mar- Police Management James Clark A search for a principled approach to keting to law enforcement. Since then Blue Line Tactical Firearms Dave Brown public surveillance staff have worked dilligently each year to en- Technology Tom Rataj sure the listings are accurate and only contain Psychology Dorothy Cotton listings of companies and individuals who will Case Law Mike Novakowski DEEP BLUE 26 Judging by appearances respond to the needs of the law enforcement Blue Line Magazine is published monthly, September to June, by community. For the first time we have desig- Blue Line Magazine Incorporated with a mailing address of: nated a different cover for this annual direc- 12A - 4981 Hwy. 7 East, Ste. 254, Bug sweeping requires special skills 27 Markham, Ontario, L3R 1N1. and equipment tory to assist those in need of retaining this valu- Individual magazines are $5.00 each. Subscriptions are $25.00 able resource. Each year this special edition will per year or $40.00 for 2 years. (Foreign - $50.00 U.S.) CORRESPONDENCE 29 show a blue theme in place of the normal gold All material submitted for publication becomes the property of Blue coloured covers throughout the rest of the year. Line Magazine unless other arrangements have been made with the publisher prior to publshing. Urban graffiti - harmless scrawl or 30 This edition is not only about listings, how- The authors, advisors and Publisher accept no liability whatsoever ever. Our main feature of the month is a brief for any injuries to persons or property resulting from the application or harbinger of death? adoption of any of the procedures, tactics or considerations presented in Exploring urban graffiti and its effect on history of the tool often used but never really this magazine. Readers are cautioned and advised that articles presented thought about. Handcuffs have been around for herein are edited and supplied for your personal awareness and should Toronto’s indigent death rate not be used for further action until appropriate advice and guidance is thousands of years and now Blue Line Publisher received from a supervisor, Crown Attorney or other person in authority. Morley Lymburner has done some research Established in 1988, Blue Line Magazine is an independent Using Kiai improves police control tactics 32 publication designed to inform, entertain, educate and upgrade the skills and came up with an intriguing history about of those involved in the law enforcement profession. It has no direct CASE LAW 34 this indispensible utensil on page 6. control from a law enforcement agency and its opinions and articles do not necessarily reflect the opinions of any government, police, or law Uncovering the bare essentials The much talked about Segway has found enforcement agency. very limited and questionable uses since its ©2004 - All articles are protected by copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any Project Lock-up reduces car thefts 39 much publicized release in 1999. Found to be means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording quite a novelty it has struggled to find a niche or by any information storage or retrieval system without permission. A field guide to championing change 42 market. The RCMP Bomb Squad, however, has Internet activity is monitored and use or reposting of material on found the Segway to be very functional. You the Internet is restricted. can read more on page 11. 2004 Supply and Services Guide 46 Cold Squads have become popular in many police services and especially so since the ad- This publication is a private venture and receives no vent of television shows which focus on such subsidy or grant from any level of government. DISPATCHES 68 issues. Commencing on page 17 this month you — Affiliations — TECHNOLOGY 70 will read about a successful investigation by an International Association of Law Enforcement Planners Oregon based Cold Squad. Next month you will Canadian Advertising Rates & Data COMING EVENTS 71 learn how to start an effective Cold Squad for International Police Association your own agency and at a minimal cost. The Police Leadership Forum NEWS CLIPS 72 This edition of Blue Line Magazine also The Canadian Press Newswire comes complete with articles from columnists BLUE LINE TRADE SHOW 75 Dorothy Cotten, Mike Novokowski, Dave Printed in Canada by Janson Printing Service Brown, Elvin Klassen, Albert Sevigny and ISSN #0847 8538 BACK OF THE BOOK 78 Danette Dooley to name but a few. In this our Canada Post - Canadian Publications Mail Showing dignity and respect is key to policing tenth annual Supply and Services Guide no one Product Sales Agreement No. 176796 a diverse community can say Blue Line dosen’t deliver the goods.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 3

I’m getting an eerie feeling about flying these days by Morley Lymburner officer after he approached her. Although we chance of another intrusion into the cockpit of There’s no threat greater than the un- don’t know how many officers may have been an airliner, which precipitated the events of that known and it’s this foundation that terrorism on that flight, it’s safe to say the security of infamous day. He has worked almost continu- builds upon. everyone, including the pilot, was at greater risk ously developing a Power Point presentation It’s an eerie feeling when one hears a per- by the officer having to deal with this person. consisting of nearly 1000 images, convincingly son warning of an impending problem and it The variety and range of opinions regard- describing the problems and offering solutions. becomes reality. I had this occur to me two days ing armed air marshals certainly merits concern I have been privy to much of this material, before the 9/11 terror attacks when I listened to and further study — but I have been troubled which he has submitted to the government and an elderly lady speak at my church. She had recently about another person’s warnings which am astonished at the token, form letter type re- been troubled by a dream that there soon would has apparently gone unheeded. He has been ig- sponses he has received. be great upheaval in the world and it would in- nored for about a year now; I learned about it The procedures presently in place might clude Muslims. She warned that whatever it was in early December, several weeks before that stop a crime of opportunity but certainly not would require a lot of prayer, and very soon. woman on the airliner was arrested. My big- the orchestrated type of assaults which occurred Her words came back to me loud and clear two gest concern was that my source advised this four times in the space of half an hour on Sep- days later when the world stood in shock and type of occurrence could be a diversionary way tember 11th. Installing a secure cockpit door is prayer as those towers came down. I still have to get at the pilot. a hijacker’s dream come true and Ted can prove her words on tape to prove it. I have to thank Ted Ryczko, a recently re- it beyond a reasonable doubt to anyone who During the recent holiday season, the US tired airline pilot, for opening my eyes very wide. takes the time to listen and watch. government elevated its threat level to Orange. Ted, a career military pilot, flew commercial The folks at Transport Canada have a Shortly before New Year’s Day the secretary passenger jets after leaving the Canadian Forces. choice; they can write him off as a crackpot, of homeland security announced that certain He recently retired and, knowing he had an ex- but if anything he says comes true, Blue Line flights would be denied entry into the US un- tensive background in firearms training, I de- will make sure everyone knows that they were less they had armed marshals on board. The cided he was particularly qualified to talk about warned. Ted has a more complete story about British Airline Pilots Association instructed its hijackings. I was most impressed with his depth this vulnerability on page 13. We’re also offer- members that they could refuse to operate of knowledge in both areas; a consultant on po- ing an opportunity for select individuals to view flights which carried armed marshals and it lice use of firearms, he was acknowledged as an Ted’s entire presentation in a closed session at would back them up. expert witness on the subject at many criminal our Blue Line Trade Show in April. Anyone in- On December 30 a drunken woman on a trials, inquests and tribunals. terested in attending need only e-mail me at Northwest Airlines flight from Pittsburgh to Since September 11, Ted has been preoc- [email protected] and await confirmation. Minneapolis attacked a sky marshal. She was cupied with studying methods and modifica- We do not want Canada to be labelled the next disruptive and unruly and began choking the tions which would eliminate or minimize the ‘Boston Airport’ of North America.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 5 by Morley Lymburner The number The Snap, of styles and us- branded Blakely, was In his 1894 treatise, simply called Handcuffs, age of handcuffs the most popular in Insp. Maurice Moser of Scotland Yard told of a began to take off mid to late 19th French police officer who around 1850 as Century Europe and arrested a thief but found the western world America. It consisted himself without handcuffs became more mo- of two loops, the to secure him. Displaying bile and urban- smaller of which some ingenuity, he cut off ized. Crime in- would literally snap all the buttons on the creased inordi- over the suspects man’s suspenders. Mod- nately with the population explosion, as did wrists; the large loop esty made for the apprehensions of criminals. was held by the best restraint as the Transporting prisoners from police stations officer. suspect held tight to to jails and courthouses and back again could The “Snap” The Twister was his trousers while es- only be accomplished with handcuffs, which also quite popular be- corted through essentially placed the offender in a secure, cause it was compact crowded Paris lockup situation faster and with fewer escapes. and could easily be streets. With handcuffs being used more frequently, carried by both uni- When re- there was a need to find an easier way to engage formed officers and searching the his- them. Until 1850, there were just two types in detectives. It con- tory of handcuffs, general use in England. The most common were sisted of a chain con- one is initially similar to Bango handcuffs and didn’t allow pris- nected to matching struck by the huge volume but shallow con- oners any movement. Their adjustability made hand grips at both tent that exists on the subject. Moser was them popular for general use and they were par- ends and was simply looked upon as an expert in ‘modern’ hand- ticularly effective on violent prisoners. wrapped around a cuffs in 1894 and his brief overview of the The “Twister” suspects wrist, with technology at that time describes what turns the officer holding the handles. Any struggling, out to be some fascinating antiques today. of course, meant excruciating pain and the risk Even in Moser’s day, ‘copper’ was a com- of breaking a wrist or arm. Widely viewed as mon slang expression for police officers and contributing to police brutality, it was eventu- originally meant “thief catcher.” It came from ally banned in Britain. ‘cop,’ an ancient Anglo-Saxon term which Both cuffs could be generically described meant to catch (cop) something. Handcop, a as ‘come-along’ devices and were adequate for natural extension, described a mechanical de- The “Flexible” an era when an officer walked the beat. When vice that “catches the hands” and was the origi- The ‘Flexible’ handcuff offered prison- a prisoner was ‘copped,’ it was a simple matter nal name for handcuffs. ers some flexibility, allowing them to eat and to hold the other end of the cuffs and walk them The idea of restraints dates back to Greek perform other personal necessities. They were to the station, take them for a ride in a horse mythology and the prophet Proteus, who initially limited to lockup and transport situ- drawn paddy wagon or commandeer a hapless could foretell the future but wouldn’t unless ations because they took longer to size and citizen out for a ride in their fancy buggy. In forced to. He eluded those who tried to cap- apply and came in many sizes to fit different each case, an officer had to hold the other half. ture him by transforming himself into other wrist thicknesses. Struggling meant risking a broken wrist; if forms, including wild beasts, fire and water, Unfortunately the Flexible, also called the this happened, the nipper was simply placed frightening them into letting him go. ‘Darby’ or ‘English’ handcuffs, became popu- on the other wrist. Officers also risked broken Aristaeus “fixed the fetters on him” after be- lar for street use because they were so easily bones; a skilful arrestee with strong wrists could ing told Proteus would eventually change concealed. Weight was another matter; at al- break the wrist of an over confident officer. back to his original form and prophesy if he most half a kilo (one pound), they were almost It took the ingenuity of the Americans to held on long enough. impossible to place on a violent prisoner, even overcome the obvious shortcomings of these References to cuff-like devices date back if the officer was fortunate enough to have the devices. The first popular adjustable handcuffs to Fourth Century BC, when conquering Greek correct size with him — and that was crucial. were produced by Tower and remained popu- soldiers found vast numbers of them in wag- Too large or small and the suspect had a heavy lar for more than 80 years. Many say they set a ons pulled by Carthaginian armies. They were steel weapon which would make short work of standard of precision, craftsmanship and secu- primarily used to control and enslave prison- a wooden nightstick. rity that has never been matched. ers of war. After 1850 there was a move to invent a The history of adjustable handcuffs is very Over the centuries, handcuffs have been more universal handcuff which could be used murky. The story begins with W. V. Adams, who variously described as swivel manacles, mana- both on the street and in prisons. They needed patented the adjustable ratchet principle for hand- cles, shackbolds, shackles, fetters, irons, brace- to be secure, flexible and adjustable, which led cuffs in 1862 — up to then, all American hand- lets and cuffs. The first big manufacturer was to a wide array of contrivances with such names cuffs were of fixed size. The Adams cuff was an the Hiatt Handcuff company, founded in 1780. as the ‘Snap,’ ‘Nippers’ and the ‘Twister.’ adaptation of the English Darby — a square bow

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 6 FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 7 with notches on the outside which were engaged wise froze the catch or bolt, preventing it from by a very simple, tear shaped lock mechanism being opened or further closed and stopping which allowed their size to be adjusted. The de- the wearer from shimming it open. To remove sign was quite successful and Adams Handcuffs the double lock, the key had to be re-inserted were manufactured in great quantity. and turned a full turn to the left, counter-clock- The second part of the story takes place in wise. Another half turn would open the cuff 1866 when Orson C. Phelps invented and pat- completely. ented his version, which put the notches for the The earliest Tower double lock handcuffs ratchet on the inside of the square bow and fea- are marvels of engineering and were manufac- tured a heavier and more secure lock case. tured to very high tolerances. Unfortunately Phelps handcuffs were also very well made; standards dropped over the 50 years they were although the lock wasn’t very secure, it was a produced. Pinkerton Detective agency supposedly used it. vast improvement over any earlier design. It’s The classic swing through design of the unknown if Phelps paid a royalty to Adams, original Peerless handcuff continues to be the who held the original ratchet patent. industry standard, more than 80 years after it was John J. Tower enters the picture in 1865 first produced. The Peerless Handcuff Company when he established a company. He introduced was established in 1914 in Springfield, Massa- a series of handcuffs initially built under license chusetts by James Milton Gill, a businessman — it’s unknown precisely when since at least and city police commissioner. three distinct models were released bearing only He was approached by inventor George the Adams and Phelps patent dates. Carney, who invented the swing through de- sign that would eventually revolutionize the in- dustry. Relatively light weight and easy to carry, it could be quickly applied with one hand, un- The “Tower Detective” like other restraint devices of the time. Much of the double lock cuffs security was Recognizing the advantages, Milton bought due to their heavy weight. Tower patented a new the rights and began selling the product under light weight handcuff in 1887 “made for less- the Peerless name. It quickly became popular, ening the expense of the construction of the rendering other types of handcuffs obsolete. hasp and case of the lock, for lessening the Over time, after the patent expired, the design weight of the handcuff...” The very simple de- was copied by almost every handcuff manu- The “Tower” sign was essentially a return to the original facturer. The Carney design established Peer- Adams handcuff. less as a leading supplier of high quality re- The first Towers weren’t much different Like the original Adams, the new light- straints, a reputation it still carries today. from Phelps, with similarly shaped lock cases, weight Tower model had a rectangular bow with ratchet notches on the inside of the bow and a the notches and lock case on the outside. The The Great Santini three link connecting chain. Tower applied for lock mechanism was very simple; there was no Modern handcuffs haven’t his first patent in 1871 to cover the round or oval double lock and the cuffs could be shimmed changed much since the bow he invented, an improvement over the pre- more easily than any prior Tower handcuff. Es- Carney design. Most have vious square bow. It took three years for this sentially security was sacrificed for low cost adopted a universal key, seen patent to be issued; O. C. Phelps died during this and weight. as a necessity so officers period and Tower evidently bought the Phelps They were marketed as Tower detective could unlock cuffs on anoth- patent, which was reissued to him in 1877. handcuffs, “designed to meet the demand for a er’s prisoner. The down side, Tower immediately realized that single lock very light weight shackle for those officers, of course, is a greater chance models had a major weakness — they could be detectives, and others who require to have their Steve Santini a prisoner has a key. shimmed by a determined prisoner with a implements with them, and find a few ounces Steve Santini, a 13 year proper bit of metal. He solved the problem with saved in the weight a matter of convenience old Toronto youth, made headlines in the ’70s the ‘double lock’ handcuff, which had a much and comfort.” Despite their low security, Tower by demonstrating his ability to break out of an more sophisticated lock mechanism. Patented advertised that “we do not hesitate to guaran- antique police jail cell. One year later, he in 1879, it was opened the same way as a sin- tee them as next to our patent double lock hand- wowed everyone with his ability to break free gle lock model, by inserting a key and rotating cuffs, the best shackle ever offered.” of standard police issue handcuffs. He has since it one half turn counter-clockwise. Handcuff collector’s sometimes refer to this gone on to become one of Canada’s top escape However, turning the key a full turn clock- model as the Pinkerton model, since the artists, comparable to the famous Houdini, and has defeated more jail cells than any other Ca- nadian escapologist. Santini has also helped improve handcuffs and isn’t impressed by the security of most modern restraints and their ‘universal’ key — but unlike others with the same opinion, he’s come up with two approaches to help fix the vulnerability. • Keeping the universal key but redesigning the restraint so it’s difficult for a prisoner to open it even if they have a key. • Using a high security padlock, either alone or as a supplement to the universal key.

Peerless Pivot One of the neatest Santini inventions is the Peerless Pivot. He welded a bar to each cuff to replace the chain coupling on a standard pair

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 8 FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 9 of Peerless handcuffs. The bars are riveted to- lock, this pair of levers may be pinched together Thompson, and his recently published book, gether by a swivel joint which exposes the key to open the bows of the handcuff. However, Devices of Human Restraint, covers restraints hole only when the cuffs are partially folded, with an external, high security lock in place, from ancient to modern times and includes making access much more difficult. An exter- they’re held in the locked position and are one some of his own inventions. nal padlock can be fitted over the swivel, lock- of the most secure handcuffs ever made. Modern, finely tuned, light and flexible ing it in the extended position and blocking handcuffs have come a long way from the old access to the key hole, for even more security. Nippers. Today’s restraint systems include full body wrap devices, glue guns and net shooting Hiatt spring loaded key cover shotguns. Devices of tomorrow could include short term paralyzing devices, with antidotes administered at the police station. “History teaches us that men and nations behave wisely once they have exhausted all other alternatives,” Israeli politician Abba Eban observed. It’s a good thing to keep in mind when taking a person into custody. There can be no benefit of the doubt when an arrest is made — cuff ‘em all!

For more interesting reading about handcuffs, go to Pickproof Smith & Wesson www.handcuffs.org — other sites of interest include: • www.stevesantini.com handcuffs • www.peerless.net What’s better than a handcuff requiring a • www.handcuff.smith-wesson.com universal key? One that requires two of them. • www.h-tmfg.com This Santini invention is a modification of a • www.cuffmaxx.com standard Hiatt hinged cuff; the key hole is cov- Morley Lymburner is the founder and publisher of Blue ered by a sliding, spring loaded metal shield. Line Magazine. The cover must be held open with the double lock plunger end of a second key before an- other key can be inserted in the lock. A pris- A Pennsylvania judge ordered a woman to carry a oner would require considerable dexterity to photo of the man she killed in a head-on collision, and the man’s parents complied by sending a picture of him open this cuff. in his casket. Prosecutors said Jennifer Langston was drunk and The Titan talking on a cellphone in June 2002 when she crossed The Smith & Wesson Model 100 is one of the centre line and hit a pickup carrying teacher Glenn Clark and his pregnant wife, Annette. Glenn died and the most popular cuffs in North America and, his wife remains in a coma. Their son, born by of course, opens with a universal key. Santini caesarean section five months after the crash, is being enlarged the double lock holes so they accom- raised by relatives. modate a pair of high security Abloy padlocks, Langston pleaded guilty in September to reckless endangerment and reckless driving. A judge sentenced making it impossible to remove the double lock; her to 30 days in jail, plus house arrest and probation, they still function normally without the locks and ordered her to carry a picture of Clark for five years. in place. Langston’s lawyer said his client’s requirement to These cuffs are a brute force solution to carry the picture of Clark in his coffin is cruel and unusual punishment and wanted a picture of him when he was Perhaps the most famous of Santini’s in- security — a modern version of classic shack- alive. ventions, this massive handcuff, cut out of sheet les, which also required external padlocks — However, Rosellen Moller, Clark’s mother, was steel and held together with stainless steel riv- but are very solid and quite secure when fitted unapologetic and said she had no intention of sending ets, is designed for use with an external lock. with proper locks. another picture. “I thought it was cruel and unusual to kill my son,” Each cuff has a separate latch mechanism that Santini also has a blue (security) box for she was quoted as saying. protrudes from the bottom; in the absence of a hinged handcuffs, marketed by Hiatt

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 10 High-tech transporters give new meaning to “Mounted Police” by Jennifer Miriguay Scott says too much move- ment or walking can They’re on the cutting- quickly deplete the hour’s edge of human transport worth of oxygen the tank technology, environmen- provides. tally friendly and, well, just Since their arrival, the plain cool to ride. This past Segway transporters have June, two Segway Human undergone rigorous testing Transporters (HT) rolled up by members of the RCMP’s at the RCMP ready for test- EDTS and Regional Chemi- driving and evaluation by cal/Biological Response members of the Explosives Units, bomb squads and Disposal and Technology ERTs from the Ontario Pro- Section (EDTS). vincial Police, Peel and York After spying the self- Regional Police services. balancing, electric-powered Scott says he wants to transporter on television, an see how the Segway— intrigued S/Sgt Gord Scott outfitted with custom-made (NCO i/c, Operational Re- Photo by: Jennifer Miriguay snow tires—will perform in sponse Unit, EDTS) felt the winter conditions. The plan Segway could form an integral part of a first is to eventually place the two Segway trans- response team during explosives-related inci- porters on the national Chem-Bio Response dents or crisis situations of a chemical, biologi- Team truck. Depending on their evaluations, cal, radiological or nuclear nature. the Operational Response Unit may also rec- Following research on the transporter’s ca- ommend the Segway for the RCMP Regional pabilities and the financial go-ahead from Chemical/Biological Response Units in Hali- RCMP management, Scott and Cst Rob fax, Edmonton and Vancouver. Keewatin headed to Segway headquarters and the company’s manufacturing and training fa- Reprinted from the Nov. 2003 Pony Express. cility in New Hampshire. Their mission: to test- For more information on the RCMP’s new Segway transporters, contact the Explosives Disposal and Technology drive the transporters and evaluate their poten- Section at (613) 993-7880. tial to perform in situations where explosives technicians would need to get in and out of situ- ations fast, efficiently and safely. After some orientation on the Segway, fol- lowed by a mandatory training and instruction course, Scott and Keewatin returned to Ottawa with their Segway transporters in tow, ready to pass on their knowledge and driving techniques. Scott says manoeuvring the Segway, which retails for $4,950 US, can be mastered pretty quickly. Designed by American inventor and entrepreneur Dean Kamen, the Segway is a com- bination of a control system, motor system and series of sensors or balancing system. Five gy- roscopic sensors in the Segway platform or foot pads respond to the rider’s movements. To move forward or backward, the rider simply leans slightly forward or backward. To turn left or right, the rider turns the steering grip left or right. Three different speeds are controlled by three coloured keys. The black key maintains six mph (the transporter’s slowest speed), the yellow nine mph; and the red 12.5 mph. Scott says what’s really amazing about the transporter is how much weight it can hold—more than 350 pounds—and that is can simultaneously pull an equipment trailer. This was a key con- sideration in acquiring the Segway, since it will have to transport a police officer decked out in a 90-pound bomb suit. During a crisis, the Segway may also render itself invaluable for technicians wearing the chemical/biological suit, which is equipped with an oxygen tank. The Segway would all but reduce the risk of oxygen depletion by al- lowing the technician to approach a suspicious device or package much more quickly and ef- ficiently than if they had to approach on foot.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 11 FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 12 Photos: Courtesy MicroSoft Corporation’s Flight Simulator by Ted Ryczko Unless a sky marshal is standing in an op- room available to the pilots and passengers. portune position in the forward cabin to inter- While such concepts are being researched and To prevent another 9/11-type cockpit intru- cept such an attack, they would be powerless developed, my presentation describes a crew sion, government regulators have decreed that to stop it. It would be executed with thunder- door drill procedure to make the single door as weak cockpit doors be replaced with a single, clap surprise and be over and decided in just a secure as possible. secure door — but when this door is opened, few seconds. Once locked in the cockpit, the There are about 5,000 pilots operating Ca- passengers have access to the cockpit. Cockpit hijacker is behind a secure, bulletproof door, nadian flights to which sky marshals could be doors are opened many times during flights so insulated from any intervention, even from an selectively assigned. Since almost all are now pilots can visit the washroom or receive drinks armed sky marshal. crewed by only two pilots, we would need 5,000 and meals. Any single door allows access when sky marshalls to assign two to each flight, since Accordingly, Transport Canada has re- opened; all that stands between the cockpit and they deserve no less time away from work than quired that operations manuals include proce- the hijacker is a sliding cloth curtain. do pilots. I believe we only have about 200 sky dures for opening, closing and locking the flight Some form of double door system is marshals, which means that, on average, they deck door, including closing a sliding curtain needed. The Israeli airline El Al has double re- would be on only one in every 25 flights — between the cabin and galley so a potential hi- inforced steel cockpit doors which are closed less actually, when you take into account the jacker can’t see the door being opened. A trained and locked prior to passenger boarding, and requirement to have armed sky marshals on all hijacker would quickly notice these obvious opened only after all the passengers have flights landing in Washington DC. precautions and come up with a plan of attack. deplaned. Under no circumstances are they to My presentation demonstrates that having Installing the new door is a hijacker’s dream be opened in flight and pilots have all the pro- less than three sky marshals per flight poses a come true. visions and facilities for the entire flight be- serious risk that they would be disarmed by hi- Once airborne in cruise, a hijacker could hind those doors. jackers. El Al has up to five strategically lo- grab a flight attendant or pilot when they open The double door concepts I propose, for cated on every flight; if Canada were to follow the door and throw them backwards into the practical economic reasons, fall short of the Fort this standard, it would use up half the comple- cabin, then enter the cockpit, lock the door with Knox El Al standard. I recommend that the al- ment of the RCMP. the deadbolt and kill the pilot(s). Since they’re ready installed single door — I’ll call it the front Security measures for a ground based strapped into their seats facing forward, it would door — remain. My concepts serve to delay scenario, be it the Rose Bowl or New Year’s be easy to do with their bare hands — or with the hijacker, allowing time to close and lock Eve at Time Square, are traditionally addressed the handy cockpit crash axe or fire extinguisher. the front door, while still making the front wash- by throwing more guns at it — but we’ve gone

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 13 to much effort and expense to keep has now been secured, the terrorists will guns off airliners. Any decision to merely go somewhere else, Canada be- allow them on board must be well ing a good spot. thought out and done only after careful I believe that the next attack against study of every possible scenario where the US could very well be by a Cana- those guns may be turned against us. dian airliner(s) departing a Canadian The American order that certain airport, used as a flying bomb to strike airliners flying into American airspace against targets in the US. Many believe carry armed sky marshals is an over that it’s easier for terrorists to enter simplification. Canada than the US and to get legiti- American pilots have been allowed mized here. The American intelligence to be armed, in response to their claim system would likely not be able to warn of having the right to defend their cock- Canada about a terrorist threat on a Ca- pit. I agree, but only if they have dou- nadian flight from Toronto to Vancou- ble doors, which would provide am- ver, for example. ple time for a pilot to open a safe, re- The sheer brilliance of the planning trieve a gun and prepare to shoot the guaranteed to experience varying degrees of and execution of the 9/11 attacks dem- hijacker once they finally break through. disaster. Hopefully pilots would not entertain onstrates that the terrorists have a lot of imagi- The Americans however, have armed their unlocking the secure cockpit door so they can nation and a terrific sense of surprise. These pilots on airplanes which only have single participate in some shoot out at the OK corral masterminds of terror detected, targeted and doors. By pushing aside the sliding cloth cur- scenario in the cabin. homed in on our soft underbelly with razor tain after the single door is opened, hijackers Few know that no flying skills are needed sharp fineness. Bureaucracy is no match for could storm into the cockpit and kill the pilots to navigate a commandeered airliner. My pres- such a shrewd and determined adversary. Con- before they could get to their holstered guns. entation confirms that with software advertised tinuing to place our faith in it and conventional Pilots are strapped into their seats with their for sale on the Internet and flight simulator soft- wisdom renders us sitting ducks. legs buried in the rudder tunnel and a control ware, anyone who is literate can learn to con- column between their legs, above the knees. Ted Ryczko is well known and respected in police circles. trol and navigate a modern glass cockpit air- His efforts in changing Canadian police from revolvers to With the enemy standing behind the backrests, liner from cruise altitude and plow it into a semiautomatic handguns is legendary. In addition to his there’s no worse configuration, other than the specified target on the ground. firearms expertise Ted recently retired from a long career pilots being handcuffed, that I can image from On New Year’s Eve, American authorities as a flight captain of both military and commercial which to start a gun fight. passenger jets. He w ill be doing a closed door presentation detained British Airways flight 223 at Dulles at the Blue Line Trade Show on the subject matter I have a separate presentation of 20 min- airport, inbound from Heathrow, to interview discussed in this article. People wishing to attend should utes and over 300 slides which demonstrates passengers related to a terrorist threat. Subse- send an e-mail to [email protected] for more that, with a single door, armed pilots not only quent BA flights 223 were cancelled. If Eng- information. Space is limited and it is a two hour audio/ do not have any chance of success, they are land were indeed a terrorist departure point that video presentation.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 14 Dealing with critical incident stress by Liz Ackerman If not properly dealt with, the stress from a trau- matic incident can throw a police officer’s life into turmoil and even end their career. Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM), a crisis intervention system which in- cludes pre-crisis education, one-on-one inter- vention (peer support), small group interven- tion (defusing), debriefing with groups and more, can help officers cope. It has the added benefit of extending careers and paying huge dividends in the long term for both police per- on-scene and post-incident after-care. sonnel and managers by helping to reduce long- Emergencies and catastrophic events are term disability and getting officers back to work more frequent and larger in scale today than in quicker than if they had to cope with critical the past, noted Randy Reid of Emergency Man- incidents on their own. agement Ontario (EMO). Managing critical in- “People need some place to reach out for cident stress (CIS) is an “an integral part of help after a critical incident and CISM is a struc- emergency management,” he said, adding that tured format that works,” said retired Peel Re- EMO is setting up its own CISM team and an gional Police Det/Sgt Geoffrey Hancock, one advisory council is investigating how it would of the participants in the Ontario CISM Con- work with the agency. ference 2003, held last November in Orillia, Police officers “can’t be everything to eve- Ontario. Hosted by the Georgian CISM Team, ryone all the time unless you are taking care of it attracted 120 people from Ontario, Manitoba yourself,” said Neil Orr of York Regional Po- and the border states. lice, who worked as a CIS debriefer for the With CISM, “people are getting better faster NYPD after 9/11. He described the complica- and moving past the experience sooner,” says tions and logistical challenges of organizing Murray Firth, president of the Canadian Criti- debriefings with rescue and recovery workers at cal Incident Stress Foundation and one of the the end of each shift and offering peer support organizers of the conference. when needed. CISM teams from both Canada CISM tools are crucial in dealing with the and the US were brought in to help handle the crises we face today, according to Dr. James enormous task at the request of POPPA (Police Young, keynote speaker and Ontario’s commis- Organization Providing Peer Assistance). sioner of public security and chief coroner. Young CISM teams can also help co-workers cope offered assistance in the aftermath of such trau- with a line of duty death, said Barrie Fire Pla- matic incidents as 9/11, the recovery of Swiss toon Chief Keith Lusk. Many people are af- Air Flight 111 in Nova Scotia, the disastrous ice fected by such events, he noted, and debriefings, storm which crippled parts of Ontario and Que- peer-support and employee assistance programs bec in 1998, the death of Canadian soldiers in are more effective when all work together to Afghanistan and the 2002 Bali bombings. help those involved cope with tragedy and loss. Such incidents highlight the era of globali- zation that we’re in today, noted Young, and Liz Ackerman is a columnist for Blue Line Magazine who shows the need for organized CISM teams specializes in the field of counselling. She may be contacted by email at which can respond internationally to provide [email protected].

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 15 FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 16 Using “Grey Power” to solve crimes Four gumshoes say that solving old crimes is preferable to retirement by Joseph B. Frazier (Associated Press) About 6,000 murders go unsolved At age 16, Benny King was no cherub. each year in the United States. About Not even close. So when he vanished 200,000 have gone cold since 1960. from a Roseburg, Oregon beer party “Typically, if no new leads are formed in 1975, some people weren’t sur- within 72 hours, a case has a 60-65 per- prised. He had a string of juvenile cent chance of going cold pretty quickly,” offenses and was awaiting trial on a said forensic anthropologist Max Houck, home-invasion rape charge. a founder of the new Institute for Cold King stayed missing until mush- Case Evaluation at West Virginia Univer- room hunters found his boots and bones sity. in the woods west of Roseburg in 1998. The institute specializes in getting Olson and three other retired law en- forensic help to the nation’s 18,000 po- forcement veterans, who make up lice departments, often at reduced costs. Douglas County’s volunteer Cold Case After successfully solving their first Squad, took the case in January, 2003. case, the Roseburg squad is focusing on Using old-fashioned gumshoe tech- the death of Barbara Joy Gallagher, who niques, the four followed clues that led was 31 when last seen in 1988. them to Johnny Carlos Tinker, 46, who The swimming coach, Red Cross was in prison on pornography charges. Douglas County, Oregon, Sherrif volunteers Tom Hall and Thomas Schultz review employee, lifeguard and corporate physi- a case under the supervision of Lt. Curt Strickland. In September, Tinker confessed to squad cal fitness student has been missing and members Tom Hall and Thomas Schultz presumed murdered for 15 years. and was sentenced to life in prison. “Law enforcement has been good to me,” The birthday and Christmas calls that she The four members of the Roseburg squad he said. “I don’t mind donating some time back always made to a son in the Midwest had — mostly around 60 and with more than 100 to the community.” stopped. Friends in the Red Bluff, Calif., area, years of experience among them — could have Schultz said that for years, police believed where she had roots, reported no trace of her. put their feet up years ago. There are golf the story by Tinker and an accomplice that King She had been living in rural Azalea with courses in Douglas County, and the rivers are last was seen getting into a Volkswagen at the Robert Barr, described by the cold-case depu- teeming with fish. But for two days per week, 1975 party. ties as a violent con man and liar. on their own time, they are back at it. “Everybody who worked the case, includ- Barr’s wife’s body was found in the Lake Cold-case squads are forming across the ing us, chased that fictitious Volkswagen,” he Tahoe region, near where Barr killed himself country as new technology and DNA availabil- said. “It didn’t exist.” several weeks later in April 2001 with the same ity make it possible to delve into long-aban- But the four said that as time passed, fears gun that killed his wife. Barr lived in a heavily doned crimes. It is a topic that has people’s in- subsided, attitudes and loyalties changed and wooded area in Azalea. terest. There even is a TV show called “Cold more people talked. “We’ll probably never find (Barbara’s) Case,” about a young, female, Philadelphia “We kept narrowing down the names, then body. Our best guess is that it’s out there some- detective who reopens unsolved murder cases. fixed on a couple of them,” he said. Tinker, it where,” Olson said. Twice per week, under the supervision of a seems, shot King out of anger about the rape. Olson said he thinks that he nearly has Douglas County detective, Lt. Curt Strickland, The first shot from the sawed-off shotgun enough evidence to close the case. But it would the four Roseburg volunteers comb over old didn’t do the job, and King fled into the woods. be a lot easier to solve if Barr were alive. files, looking for something that others may Tinker returned to his car for more shells and They haven’t stopped looking. have missed, said Syd Boyle, another member urged King to come out, saying it was all a Boyle recently spent a day crawling under of the cold-case team. mistake. Barr’s old house; maybe there was something Strickland organized the squad, assigns them King did, and Tinker, then 17, shot him the investigators missed. twice in the head. cases and makes sure that they can get in touch Douglas County Sheriffs Office with people with whom they need to work. Olson said the epiphany didn’t come until the two prison interviews with Tinker. County Justice Building The county advertised for volunteers. 1036 SE Douglas, Roseburg, OR U.S.A. 97470 “All we knew is that they wanted to try the “We had it down to two people at the Phone 541-440-4450 concept,” Olson said. “We had no idea which time,” he said. Olson said the county saved $500,000 in NEXT MONTH: A recipe on how to create your very own way it would go.” Cold Squad Team. By taking one case at a time, the squad can trial and appeals costs by getting a confession. avoid distractions, he said. Boyle retired in 1987 after 26 years that included crime-scene and homicide investiga- tion in Modesto and Turlock, Calif. Hall, a former postal inspector who han- dled bomb-squad cases in Los Angeles and Phoenix, Ariz., farms cattle, as does Boyle. Olson retired after service in several Cali- fornia departments, most recently as police chief in Pacifica, then worked child-abuse cases in Vancouver, Washington. He retired again to a home on a golf course, but it didn’t take. “Once it gets in your blood, so to speak, it’s there forever,” he said. Schultz, a former detective who served on police forces in Wisconsin, Las Vegas and Con- cord, Calif., now sells insurance.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 17 Newfoundland police still saddled with revolvers by Danette Dooley do their job and it’s been documented for a dec- ade, a Supreme Court judge could certainly A decade after an Ontario rul- question why it wasn’t adhered to. If a piece of ing declared revolvers unsafe equipment is made for police officers, it doesn’t for police work, Royal New- matter if it’s shipped to Newfoundland, Toronto foundland Constabulary or New York. Policing is similar across the managers and members are board.” still lobbying with the pro- Ted Ryczko was an expert witness for the vincial government for semi- OPPA during the Ontario hearing and was also automatic pistols. hired in the early 1990s by the RNCA to assist The revolver is almost with its fight to earn officers the right to carry completely extinct among Cana- guns. He’s worked as a consultant to the Cana- dian police agencies because of the ruling, says dian Police Association, the OPP and Toronto Blue Line Firearms Editor Dave Brown. Police associations, advising on firearms, am- The Ontario Provincial Police Association munition and holsters. (OPPA) convinced a labour ministry tribunal He says that when police carrying pistols in 1993 that revolvers were unsafe under the became the law in Ontario, the country’s larg- Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act, Deputy Chief, Joe Browne est province and home to the largest provincial arguing they’re difficult to reload and subject and municipal force, other provinces followed to accidental discharge due to involuntary cock- were unsafe to carry, we are still carrying them suit, saying “‘what’s good for this big province ing. Pistols carry more rounds and don’t need night after night, day after day.” has to be good for the rest of us.’ fine motor skills to reload, it pointed out. An RNC officer formally complained in “The attorneys general and solicitor gen- Ontario officers had reported numerous January, 1999 that he and his fellow officers were eral – the employers of the police in other prov- accidental discharges. The tribunal was told of policing with unsafe weapons and requested they inces – would be hard pressed to argue against cases where the gun was involuntarily cocked be issued pistols but his request was denied. The that when the tribunal and the department of on such things as an officer’s seat belt, steering association has presented similar concerns to labour prohibits the revolver in the largest prov- wheel and jacket. The Ontario Police Services management and, in 2002, took its position to ince — so I think all the others just fell into Act was amended to declare the semi-automatic Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) at the pro- line,” Ryczko says. pistol the only acceptable sidearm for police vincial labour department. As a result a commit- While rank and file members of the RNC after the tribunal’s report was released. tee was formed which included representatives still carry revolvers, the force’s tactical re- “After the firearm has been cocked, it takes from the Department of Justice, OHS, the police sponse unit and canine unit are equipped with only a slight pressure to accidently discharge chief’s office and RNCA members. pistols. Ryczko sees this as an admission that the revolver,” notes Cst. Paul Woodruff, speak- The committee put forward a proposal to the revolver is not the firearm of choice for ing on behalf of the Royal Newfoundland Con- government about the unsafe firearm, citing the high stress situations. stabulary Association (RNCA). RNC officers Ontario ruling and requesting that the RNC “What that tells you is that where there is a have expressed grave concerns for years about make the firearm conversion. That was about a little bit more danger you need a little bit better policing the streets with a firearm deemed to year ago and Woodruff says the association is equipment. Now, the people on the street de- be unsafe, he says, and the association has lob- still waiting to meet with the minister of jus- serve no less safety, do they?” bied the government to make the switch since tice on what is “a huge issue for our members... Deputy chief Joe Browne says RNC man- 1998; that’s when officers in the province were “We’re not doing anything new as the work agement accepts the Ontario study and subse- given permission to carry their guns, rather than has already been done in Ontario. The rest of quent ruling that the revolver is unsafe. Know- storing them at headquarters or locked in the Canada has acknowledged this work is legiti- ing the constabulary lags behind other forces trunks of their cruisers. mate and that the revolver is deemed to be un- does little to improve officer morale, he ad- Shortly after the force was armed, man- suitable and unsafe for the job we do.” mits, adding “we have lost a lot of ground as a agement told the association the firearms con- The RNCA also sees the lack of adherence police force and it will take considerable time version issue would be dealt with by cabinet, to the Ontario ruling as a civil liability issue. It to recover.” he says. wouldn’t be unreasonable for the 1993 Ontario The cost of replacing the revolvers was an “It’s pretty shocking to know this was sup- ruling to be cited during civil litigation, Wood- issue when the force was armed in 1998, he ad- pose to be addressed in 1999. We’re a bit dumb- ruff notes. mits; “(since) all members were trained and fa- founded that this Ontario report is out there and “If a member was shot or hurt because the miliar with the service revolver, it was appropri- a decade after the report said they (revolvers) member wasn’t given the proper equipment to ate that it be the sidearm worn when the arming policy was changed. A weapon conversion at the time would have delayed the policy change.” RCMP officers based in Newfoundland changed from revolvers to pistols in 1996, even though the provincial government pays for all of their equipment. RNC officers work side by side with their federal counterparts daily. Browne says RCMP officers are governed by national policy and the change, authorized by headquarters in Ottawa, applied to all divi- sions — but admits that, “playing catch up, as you call it, is the usual position that the RNC finds itself in.”

Danette Dooley is Blue Line Magazine’s east coast correspondent. She can be reached at [email protected].

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 18 Replacement officers end Mohawk reserve standoff A tense standoff at a Mohawk re- Quebec Public Security Minister serve in mid January that saw the band Jacques Chagnon, who announced the chief’s house burned and police offic- deal ending the crisis, said Gabriel was ers barricaded in their station ended not included in negotiations and had peacefully. little option but to approve when he Tensions began easing when 30 called him. peacekeepers from two nearby “I told him what we had decided Mohawk reserves arrived in the com- to organize,” said Chagnon. “He said munity of Kanesatake. An accord had he in fact didn’t have much choice. He been reached to withdraw 60 police of- doesn’t want to have a bloodbath with ficers brought into Kanesatake from the people inside the police station. reserves across the province by Grand He’s able to see that we are going to Chief James Gabriel. have a peaceful conclusion of that cri- The deal came after several hours sis and that’s what we need.” of negotiation involving Chagnon and Chagnon said he had been in con- the Kanesatake and Kahnawake police tact several times with Deputy Prime commissions and was taken to the re- Minister Anne McLellan and had serve by members of the Kanesatake scheduled a meeting with her, adding police commission. nity. Gabriel was targeted by protesters who “the federal government knows that it has a One of the tasks of the police officers sent objected to his decision to hire a new police huge responsibility in everything which hap- to the reserve was to investigate the fire that chief and bring in aboriginal officers from out- pens.” destroyed Gabriel’s house. News of the deal was side the reserve to crack down on crime and The reserve, near the community of Oka, received positively at Kanesatake. marijuana growing operations. gained notoriety in 1990 over a land-claims “This decision, when there’s peace and har- Others expressed concerns that the offic- standoff involving Mohawk warriors. A provin- mony, is always the best one,” said Tracy Cross, ers would aid an RCMP effort to shut down cial police officer was killed when police whose dismissal as police chief was one of the contraband cigarette sales on the reserve. About stormed barricades erected to prevent an ex- events sparking the incident. He was reinstated 60 of the officers were prevented from leaving pansion of a nearby golf course on land under the deal. police headquarters and going to work by pro- Mohawks consider sacred. Earlier, a defiant Gabriel, whose house was testers at the Kanesatake reserve, west of Mon- Protesters placed a large red-and-black torched by protesters on the Kanesatake treal. They were also deprived of food by pro- Mohawk warrior flag on the fence near the Mohawk reserve, said he wouldn’t step down testers over two days. headquarters and said they didn’t want out- and would press forward with a crime-fighting Protesters said Gabriel is no longer their side officers, even aboriginal ones, to police initiative that caused a standoff in his commu- leader and also shouldn’t have replaced Cross. their reserve.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 19 A unified voice during crises is crucial by Judy Pal Cross wasn’t part of the communications loop, Hurricanes, sniper shootings and SARS a spokesperson went to the media and encour- have one thing in common — they’re all events aged people to donate blood. Problem was, the that require multi-agency response to the pub- blood donor clinic was smack-dab in the mid- lic. In this day of instantaneous media cover- dle of downtown – exactly where police did age, coordinating communication at the local, not want people to be. regional, provincial and national levels has This well intentioned ‘rogue communica- never been more important. tor’ precipitated great frustration among citi- It’s all about getting the right information zens who wanted to help and prompted many to the right people at the right time so the pub- to think, “the right hand doesn’t know what the lic can make the right decision; and that requires left hand is doing.” That kind of perception re- a coordinated single voice. sults in a loss of confidence in ‘the powers that Joint forces operations (JFOs) are not new be’ in the eyes of the media and public. to police. Municipal departments have worked to see reporters interviewing other reporters to In most cases, inter-agency information hand-in-hand with their provincial and federal fill airtime! This led to confusion, frustration sharing is advantageous; in circumstances that counterparts for years. At the local level, per- and in the end — lawsuits. require response in crisis, it’s critical. Key com- sonnel at a crime scene where there’s fire and On the other hand, during the sniper crisis municators should be at the table in your Emer- police automatically share information. Emer- in Washington, DC last year, Chief Moose acted gency Operations Centre (EOC) to help advise gency officials compare notes and decide which as the media and public’s single source for in- commanders on what the media will want and department will say what. formation. While he certainly wasn’t directly what information the public needs to hear. Today, joint information systems are cru- involved in every aspect of the investigation Things to keep in mind when setting up a cial to ensure your agency maintains and builds — which included officials from the FBI, ATF, Joint Information Centre include: public confidence and trust. They can be loosely local and state police and a host of other agen- • Developing a media staging area, complete structured, like at the fire scenario mentioned cies — it was decided he would be the lone with a contingency plan for the myriad of sat- above, or formally organized during large-scale spokesperson for information dissemination on ellite trucks that may appear out of nowhere. events, as with the G-7 meetings in Kananaskis. the shootings. • Managing the logistics of having a lot of The key is in presenting a harmonized, united PIOs from all agencies involved worked to media people at a scene, i.e. parking, power, voice to the public. Without it, they will loose develop the messages and determine what toilets, a working area. confidence in your organization and the media would be said and when. Behind the scenes, • Creating a relationship with PIOs in your area will go to others to “fill in the blanks.” chaos often reigned with disagreements and before a large-scale event occurs, so a pool During the Columbine crisis, the public debates about releases of information and news of knowledgeable people are available in the obtained much of its information from the me- conference messaging, but to the media and event of a crisis; better to meet and learn how dia, not law enforcement. It wasn’t uncommon public, that single, united voice gave people these people work prior to an emergency. confidence in what law enforcement was do- • Recruiting people who are media-friendly and ing to apprehend the suspects. speak other languages if the local public is Natural disasters could well be the most multi-national. frustrating event police may face communica- The advantages of joint information sys- tions-wise. You will find yourself working with tems and JICs are obvious. You will speak with agencies that may not deal with crises and high- a united voice to disseminate information that profile media coverage. In addition, not many is accurate, timely, understandable and most of these organizations are used to the paramili- important, consistent. It links all PIOs involved tary structure that pervades emergency services in the incident and provides one point of con- agencies. It’s important to bring these groups tact for the media. This unified method of com- into the joint information system to ensure they munication goes a long way to ensure the pub- are not out there on their own releasing contra- lic heeds your messages and feels confident and dictory or damaging information. comfortable that their police are doing the ‘right For example, after a severe storm in North thing’ during extraordinary circumstances. Carolina last year, all responding agencies ex- In the end, you can’t control the media, but cept the Red Cross were part of the state Joint you can control your message. A joint infor- Information Center (JIC). A large portion of a mation system will help you do just that. downtown area was cordoned off because of looting and police were urging people to stay Judy Pal can be contacted at [email protected] or Phone away from the area. However, because the Red 902- 483-3055.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 20 A first responder approach to dangerous goods

involved • Fire departments have proper breathing apparatus and personal protective equipment. • Consider waiting for their arrival prior to approaching the scene. Do not attempt to extinguish a fire until the risks are known as some chemicals react vio- lently with water. Assess the hazards prior to Occasionally there is virtually no time to respond or react to a hazardous materials incident. igniting highway flares and creating sources of This was the case last February when a train derailed near Napanee, Ontario. A tank car ignition. loaded with propane exploded and a large fireball ensued. Fortunately there was no one in If it can be done safely, attempt to obtain the immediate area, as evacuation or evasive actions were not possible. After the initial explosion however, there was time to evacuate people and set up a perimeter before the details of the cargo from: BLEVEs (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosions) that followed. This picture shows • Placards the incredible hazards that can be involved. One of the load tank cars (like the one shown • Operator top right) rocketed about one mile from the scene of the derailment. • Shipping bills • Commercial motor vehicle (cab) How do I respond and what actions should • Do not attempt to rescue injured persons un- • Train (locomotive/crew) I take are two common questions emergency til you are fully aware of the hazards involved. • Aircraft (cockpit) personnel ask during dangerous goods training. • Notify the environment ministry for your area Then advise your communication centre Unfortunately, there’re no easy answers to these • Consider evacuation or control of the area, (dispatcher) of the information obtained. questions. depending on the hazards or potential After an incident has taken place, there are As with many other occurrences requiring a police response, each situation is different and there are many variables to take into account. Responding the same way each and every time would mean overreacting to some incidents while compromising safety in others. That said, it’s obviously better to err on the side of cau- tion until you know what you’re dealing with. First responders must resist the temptation to rush in and always remember that danger- ous goods may be present. The following in- formation may refer to local laws, policies and procedures that may be different in other areas. Your service’s policies and procedures should always take priority. In general terms, dangerous goods may be defined as materials that present a risk to life, property or the environment. They can burn, explode, produce toxic substances or harm hu- man tissue or property. In the Transportation of Dangerous Goods regulations, they are more precisely defined and broken down into nine dif- ferent classes, with corresponding safety marks. Each Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) of- ficer is issued a dangerous goods incident checklist, which includes the following instruc- tions (remember, these are only general guide- lines and response to incidents will depend on mitigating factors): • Assume cargo involved is dangerous until you determine otherwise. • Take the time to stabilize, control and assess the situation. As a very general rule, stay back approximately half a kilometre. • If necessary to approach a scene before haz- ards are fully known, do so from upwind and observe for low lying vapours and fog.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 21 five basic steps that you can follow: in every police vehicle. CANUTEC PLACARD CHART 1. Control and stabilize the scene; The guidebook pro- 2. Assess the situation; vides information on ship- 3. Maintain communications; ping documents, safety 4. Positively identify the materials involved; marks, how to identify 5. Minimize the risks. products, emergency con- tact information, safety Canadian Transport Emergency precautions and much Centre more. Each response guide Operated by Transport Canada, CANUTEC in the orange section of the book is broken down has a computerized data bank of more than one into three main areas with sub headings: million commercial products and trained chem- • Potential hazards - fire or explosion and health ists on call 24/7 to assist emergency respond- • Public safety - protective clothing and ers in handling dangerous goods emergencies. evacuation Its trained staff provides easy access to detailed • Emergency response - fire, spill or leak and information on the properties of individual first aid products and can give immediate advice on: Responders should familiarize themselves • Chemical, physical and toxicological prop- with the guidebook before becoming involved erties and incompatibilities of dangerous in an incident and using valuable time trying to goods locate information. Here are links to just a few • Remedial actions to protect life, property and of thousands of web sites with valuable infor- the environment mation on dangerous goods/hazardous materi- • Evacuation distances als and incident response: • Personal protective clothing and • Transport Canada (www.tc.gc.ca/tdg): Con- decontamination tains dangerous good regulations, response CANUTEC is also extensively involved in guidebook, handouts, links, etc. producing the North American Emergency Re- • Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection sponse Guidebook, an excellent resource for and Emergency Preparedness (www.epc- first responders during the initial response pcc.gc.ca) phase of a dangerous goods/hazardous mate- • Ontario Fire Marshal (www.ofm.gov.on.ca): rials incident. The free guidebook is published Contains on line training packages for haz- every four years — the 2004 version will be ardous materials and terrorism awareness available soon; a current copy should be placed • Idaho State Police (www.isp-video.com): Ex- cellent video library with commercial vehi- cle and dangerous goods related information. One copy of each title is available free. • Emergency Planning for Chemical Spills (www.chemicalspill.org) • Canadian Chemical Producers’ Association (www.ccpa.ca): The site also has an excellent chart that officers can print and carry with them as part of their kit (www.ccpa.ca/english/posi- tion/transport/DAchartEN.pdf) which deals with the disciplined approach to emergency response. It contains guidelines for dealing with incidents involving hazardous materials but covers many other areas as well. Officers may encounter hazardous chemi- cals on any call but can also come into contact with these products while out on patrol or per- forming general duties. Many items — gaso- line, propane, etc. — are used by millions of people on a daily basis and are often taken for granted. We may let our guard down and get a

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 22 volved in one of these direct contact with the hazards. Granted, it may investigations and not have an effect in a day, a week or even a don’t forget that laying few years, but I certainly don’t want to become dangerous goods ill while enjoying retirement after working for charges, in addition to 30 years — do you? those under the Crimi- This article was prepared with assistance from Transport nal Code or the Con- Canada and others. OPP Sgt. Marc Schram can be reached trolled Drugs and Sub- at [email protected] or 705-495-3878. stances Act, might also be a possibility. Pro- vincial regulations carry large fines or im- prisonment. Remember that there are many differ- ent ways that toxic little complacent but make no properties can be mistake about it, they still formed. The trailer present an enormous risk. shown above caught A growing concern nowa- fire after a collision. days is the manufacturing of il- Other than the diesel licit drugs in clandestine labo- fuel in the saddle ratories. Many different chemi- tanks of the tractor cals are used during some of and a fire extin- these production processes. guisher, no dangerous These are hazardous by themselves but can also goods were present. However, because of the ma- produce some very dangerous by-products, in- terials (foam insulation, plastics) used to manu- cluding toxic gases and explosive atmospheres. facture the trailer, the resulting smoke and va- Obviously, people involved in these criminal pours can have a serious effect on your health. activities, in general, have little concern for their That might be stating the obvious but all own safety, which also compromises our well- too often first responders walk around a scene being. They don’t comply with dangerous goods such as this without donning protective equip- regulations or properly mark or store products. ment or taking any precautions and come in Use extreme caution if you become in-

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 23 Monitoring public spaces A search for a principled approach to public surveillance by Robert Lunney Skeptical researchers are questioning whether the recent enormous investments in closed circuit TV systems (CCTV) are justi- fied — and privacy advocates question whether surveillance of public space is consistent with democratic principles. CCTV is used extensively for loss preven- tion and security and is an efficient way to ob- serve multiple locations from a single point. There is a parallel belief that the omnipres- ence of surveillance cameras deters crime and disorder.

Experience in other countries The United Kingdom was an early leader in installing CCTV in public places. A key fac- tor spurring on this faith in surveillance was the part it played in identifying two young boys who abducted two-year old James Bulger from coupled with a claimed 60 second response of years ago. The location has a history of al- his mother’s custody in February, 1993. The time, reduced the crime rate by 80 per cent cohol induced fights and vandalism. In this case, tapes, from cameras in a modern shopping plaza within three months, according to the firm re- Alberta’s Privacy Commissioner found that near Liverpool, revealed an unforgettable im- sponsible for the project. public surveillance is acceptable as long as po- age of evil intent. Although it was rigorous in- lice use the system sparingly and responsibly. vestigation and wide publicity that led to the In Canada arrests for murder, this incident remains the sin- CCTV is widely used in privately owned Evaluation incomplete gle-most persuasive emotional argument for spaces but cameras in public places is a fairly The theory behind CCTV is that it effec- CCTV in public places. recent development. The best known is a small tively supplements other strategies for public More than three quarters of the UK Gov- installation in Kelowna BC, distinguished by safety, affording: ernment’s crime prevention budget between the objections of the then federal privacy com- • A capable means of deterrence 1996 and 1998 went to pay for CCTV systems, missioner. When local RCMP balked at his sug- • Efficient deployment of resources with each pound of funding matched by local gestion the camera violated the Charter of • Encouragement for self discipline by poten- authorities. There are now an estimated 2.5 Rights and Freedoms, the commissioner applied tial victims and offenders million cameras in operation, more than half to the civil courts to prove his point. The in- • The presence of a capable guardian controlled by government agencies. It’s esti- stallation remains in place. • A powerful tool for detecting offences and mated the average Londoner is video-taped 300 Kelowna RCMP use a single camera to offenders times a day. monitor crime and disorder at a busy intersec- To this point, however, there has been very New York is touted as America’s most tion — chosen because statistics confirmed it little substantive quality evidence to justify the surveilled city; there are over 7,200 electronic is a high crime location with many problems. proliferation of the expensive systems. The UK eyes in Manhattan alone. Chicago recently in- The system is operated according to strict guide- Home Office is probably the best resourced and stalled five surveillance cameras along West lines which take into account the public’s right reliable body currently researching this. There Chicago Avenue to deter and gather evidence to privacy and safety. The camera feed is re- are several studies available on their web site on street drug dealing. corded only when trouble is spotted, for exam- describing results from town centre installations When the crime rate soared in Johannes- ple, and the camera may not be monitored at in Scotland and England. Australia is also ad- burg, the South African government asked the certain times. vanced in this field. private sector for help and, as a result, 350 sur- Security cameras became an issue after a Early results suggest: veillance cameras were installed in the central Canada Day riot on Whyte Avenue in the heart • The capacity of CCTV to serve as a deterrent business district by last year. 24/7 surveillance, of Edmonton’s oldest neighbourhood a couple to crime erodes over time. Its effectiveness in London Underground stations, for exam- ple, faded after 12 months. • Surveillance without the ability to respond rapidly significantly lessens the usefulness of the systems • Strict adherence to detailed policy that re- spects public privacy concerns and holds ob- servers accountable to a code of conduct is essential • Installations operated by public agencies separate from the police helps reassure the public and increases support

All seen as potential threat Civil libertarians are among the most ag- gressive critics. They accuse police of moni- toring the activities of anyone within range in

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 24 hopes of catching them in a criminal act, in- • It must be demonstrable that there is no less cluding those who they have no reason to sus- privacy-intrusive measure that would achieve pect. This turns the presumption of innocence the same result upside down, and no matter how benign the Recent opinions from the privacy commis- intent of local police, conjures up visions of a sioners of British Columbia and Alberta repre- police state in which every action is recorded sent other helpful contributions towards steer- for possible violations. ing a prudent course through this controversial Others say CCTV amounts to warrant-less issue. Hopefully a model policy suitable for ap- intrusion into personal affairs and calls into plication across Canada will be developed. The play Sir Robert Peel’s principle that policing best solution will balance the needs of effective is acceptable only if officers function by and law enforcement against human rights principles, with the consent of the public. Police surveil- sustaining assurance that police are preserving a lance without consent breaks that unity and as respectful stewardship of democracy. result, officers are no longer a part of the com- munity. The claim is that too often police see Robert Lunney is an occasional writer for Blue Line Magazine. A former RCMP superintendent and chief of the the public as a threat to peace and good order Edmonton and Peel Regional Police Services, he can be and have no compunction against watching reached at [email protected]. and monitoring everyone. Towards a balanced response The search goes on for a principled ap- proach to using surveillance technology in pub- lic places. The Federal Privacy Commissioner contributed this proposed set of principles to guide CCTV surveillance: • Any proposed measure to limit or infringe privacy must be demonstrably necessary to address a specific problem • It must be likely to be effective in addressing that problem – in other words, demonstrable that the measure will make us safer, not just feel safer • The degree of intrusion or limitation of pri- vacy must be proportional to the security ben- efit to be derived. It mustn’t be a sledgeham- mer used to kill a fly.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 25 Judging by appearances Remember the last time you bought a car? in a job interview — perhaps “oh, that’s a tricky by Dr. Dorothy Cotton, Ph. D., Psych. I suspect you looked at price, size, maybe spe- one;” indeed, it is. cific features and conveniences — like whether When you have no other information avail- Extensive research has shown that even in a contrabassoon will fit into the back of a PT able, you go by the same things everyone goes kindergarten, children rated as physically at- Cruiser (it won’t). by — previous experience, stereotypes, how tractive are also regarded as smarter and more I bet you also considered how you looked similar or different a person is to you. The prob- desirable as friends. in the car. Are you embarrassed to be seen in a lem with this is that sometimes our previous There’s a lot of literature about how peo- minivan? Does driving a Corvette seem more experience is misleading and sometimes stere- ple judge intelligence by appearance; it seems consistent with the imagine you want to send otypes are wrong or a reflection of our own bi- that we regard another as being smart if their to others? A Mercedes? Doesn’t this suggest ases — people with nasally voices have the features are symmetrical and they have a pleas- that you judge other people by what they drive? same range of personality as other people, for ant expression — and we’re generally not at The sad truth is that we all tend to judge example. all accurate in our judgments. others by how they look — yes, even those of Stereotypes are not always wrong, of Ever notice that smart or geeky characters you who are now saying “I don’t do that.” Im- course, and sometimes reflect fact; 77 year old on TV shows always wear glasses — and those agine you’re a supermarket clerk and a per- women are indeed, on the whole, weaker than who are supposed to be dumb and backward son comes to your counter with a big case of 20 year old guys. are fat? pop in their grocery cart. Do you help them I know many people have a certain image Other studies show people generally feel lift it out? of what psychologists should be like. I can see they can quite confidently describe what a per- If the person is a 20 year old guy, you don’t it in the way people interact with me when they son with AIDS looks like, even though there is — but you will if it’s a 77-year-old woman. don’t know me — but I’m not much like most no stereotypical ‘look’ for AIDS; it’s not like You might justify your decision by saying that psychologists and that throws them off. Maybe chicken pox. young men are generally stronger than old you saw a psychologist once and he was kinda Research on job interviews and career suc- women. Hey, your mother would be proud of weird, intellectual, out of touch with your world, cess suggests that, all things being equal, tall you, right? — and anyway, it’s probably a good talked about fluffy stuff and had a beard and men are perceived as better candidates than thing — your average 20 year guy doesn’t want wore thick glasses and… short men and people with cleft pallets are seen to be treated like a 77 year old woman, or vice Well, I do wear thick glasses but I don’t as less able. versa — but how do you know the woman isn’t have a beard. The sound of a person’s voice also plays a a weigh-lifting champ and the guy doesn’t have What does all this mean? It means that you part; studies show people with breathy-harsh a muscle wasting disease and is president of have to be aware of your own assumptions and or hyper nasal voices are assumed to have less the chess club? test them constantly. You have to be constantly desirable personalities. Although it may be terribly politically in- challenging your own biases. correct to say that you judge books by their Yes, we all judge books by their covers; all cover, the fact is that we all DO, all the time — people do. we have to. What are you supposed to do if What is this column really about? you don’t have any other information about Racial profiling, of course. someone? I like to ask job candidates about how they treat people — and try not to giggle when they Dr. Dorothy Cotton is Blue Line Magazine’s Psychology columnist and she can be reached at tell me “I treat everyone the same.” Mind you, [email protected]. I’m not sure what the correct answer would be

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 26 Bug sweeping requires special skills and equipment Sweeping an area for an electronic bug or to sweep power lines, telephones and other recording device requires specialized skills and communication, alarm or video systems. equipment. A qualified company must: • TDR equipment, multimeters, audio ampli- • Be able to carry out a thorough, on-site analy- fiers, etc., general hand tools and an electron- sis of the project and provide a comprehen- ics tool kit. sive plan, including an estimate of the cost Staff performing a technical security in- and how long it will take. The plan should spection must be qualified professional or provide for both an electronic and physical graduate engineers, electronics technologists or inspection and a report at the conclusion of radio technicians and have a firm grasp of ra- the project. dio and data communication and telephony • Have access to people of varied technical and principles. Personnel should have a minimum other backgrounds with skills appropriate to of three years governmental/military or private the project. industry experience related to the field. • Be prepared to provide a resume for each Staff must have the experience and capac- member of the team(s) and documentation ity to electronically and physically: relative to their training. The company must • find hard wire or quick plant microphones, also be prepared to certify that it has carried power line carriers, etc. out a background check on team members and • find and prevent attacks of customer alarm, show they’re bondable. video, audio and network systems. • Possess or have access to equipment which • check all types of cables, fibres, telephones, will enable its team(s) to detect electronic at- computer equipment and any other devices tacks by analyzing telephone, telex and data that may be attacked. lines, power line carriers, cable and CCTV • recognize digital microphones, noise and tone lines, receiver tuning, spectrum analysis and masked, frequency hopping and spread spec- monitoring, non-linear junction detection, X- trum emanations and/or combinations. ray inspection and direct observation. • test for and recommend methods of prevent- • Possess or have access to equipment that can ing infra-red, laser, microwave or other at- detect, locate and neutralize surveillance de- tacks on windows, etc. vices — tape recorders, hard-wired mics, • be aware of, sweep for and recommend pre- video cameras, hidden mics for telephones, vention of tempest, EMI and RFI attacks. radio transmitters, optical (fibre) connected monitoring devices and intrusive devices us- ing various domestic and industrial equipment cables to relay the information and passive/ reflective acoustic devices. Further, if the situ- ation so warrants, the company must have ac- cess to a skilled counter-surveillance device installer. • Submit a report that summarizes the project objectives, methodology used, presence or ab- sence of electronic surveillance devices, counter surveillance recommended (includ- ing equipment needed), training required by the client’s security organization and changes recommended in the client’s security policies and practices. The company’s equipment, which must detect the most modern attack methods and equipment, even those if it’s not turned on dur- ing the technical inspection, should include: • Receiver(s) with the ability to detect AM, FM, WIDE FM, SSB (upper and lower side band), CW and FSK radio signals and have the se- lectivity, sensitivity and stability necessary to sweep. • A non-linear junction detector to detect har- monic anomalies. • A system for identifying differential radio fre- quency field gradients. • A spectrum analyzer with the capability of sweeping to at least 12 GHz. • A good quality oscilloscope capable of reach- ing the lowest frequency of the spectrum analyzer. • Good quality test and analytical equipment

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 27 REPRINTING

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 28 trists in Blue: Collaboration and Learning) in October in Saskatoon. Your assistance in promoting the confer- ence and your contribution of magazines con- tributed to a successful conference. Each of the 110+ delegates received a copy of Blue Line in their registration package. On page 9 of your January 2004 issue, Dave Once again, our sincere appreciation. We Brown was comparing three cars for a 2004 look forward to working with you again. evaluation. He starts off his first line by say- T. G. Coleman, Chief of Police, ing, and I quote, “remember the Chevrolet Ca- Moose Jaw Police Service price with the 5.7 litre LT1 Corvette engine? —— Out of production since 1996, it was the prod- On behalf of the organizing committee for uct of a different generation.” Well, he made it the Atlantic Women in Law Enforcement Con- sound as if the Caprice was long gone from ference, I am pleased to announce the 11th an- police use. I’m here to tell you that we still have nual conference was a huge success. This was one as an active police vehicle here in Ken- the first time the Truro Police Service had the sington, PEI, and we just “retired” one from honour of being the host agency. 146 female ten years of police work, but it is still operating officers from across the Atlantic region and magnificently. Ontario had the opportunity to meet and learn Mr. Brown also states the Caprice is “long from female role models and mentors who pro- gone,” replaced by a V-6 powered, front wheel mote excellence in our profession. It is through drive for a new generation of officers who value associations such as AWLE that we recognize finesse over brute force. Yes, we did replace the the development of leadership skills for women retired Caprice with a 2003 Impala in the spring, in law enforcement. but I am one of these “new generation officers” Without your contribution and that of many and I find both cars excellent to work with. It others, this conference would not have been pos- has 150,000 kilometers and still runs great. sible. The Fredericton Police Force hosted the Reid Laurence 10th annual conference, which more than 130 Kensington Police Service delegates attended. Next year the honour has Kensington, PEI been passed on to Saint John, New Brunswick. —— Again I would like to thank you for your On behalf of Dorothy Cotton and I, our contribution to AWLE and hope you will con- appreciation to Blue Line Magazine for your tinue to support women in law enforcement. outstanding support of our Conference on Po- Cpl. Kelly Moore-Reid lice/Mental Health Systems Liaison (Psychia- Conference Chair

BIO?

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 29 Urban graffiti - harmless scrawl or harbinger of death? Exploring urban graffiti and its effect on Toronto’s indigent death rate by Heinz Kuck • The sidewalk must have users Everything about this place on it fairly continuously. is harsh. The ground is This ‘Jacobsonian safety tem- hard and unyielding, the plate’ creates a sense of boundary, cement bridge, which community and solidarity. How- provides simple shelter, ever, she warns that the three-part is dank and uninviting template is susceptible to erosion by — but I had to find it, the outside influences, and the most ma- place where she lived, lignant influence is the introduction slept, cried and no doubt, of social and physical disorder. sometimes laughed. Jacobs says she’s “distressed” Getting closer, I saw my breath form in the by urban graffiti, adding that “it’s a cold air and stopped; did Jennifer C feel a simi- symptom of disorder and disrespect lar sense of harshness and foreboding when she to buildings. I do not have roman- was here, I wondered. Did she remark at the tic view of it now, but I know that sight of her breath? She was young, only 20, some people do... I think that it’s vulnerable and homeless. outrageous. It’s real defacement of She wasn’t able to reach out to others one property, of somebody’s property night, for there were few who would venture that they put their hopes and their into her lair. Sometimes she studied the colour, work into, and presumably tried to lines and symmetry of her graffiti festooned make it; maybe they succeeded, palace before drifting off to sleep. On March 6, maybe they didn’t, and they tried to 2000, her lifeless body was found under this make it a decent piece of the city.” bridge, charred beyond recognition from an Does disorder equate to ero- errant shanty fire, and her name was added to sion? Yes, according to Northwest- an ever-growing list of Toronto’s indigent dead. ern University Professor Wesley Homelessness and urban graffiti are two of Skogan. In his book, Disorder and Toronto’s contemporary social issues. Both in- decline: Crime and the spiral of volve profound social and cultural dynamics decay in American neighbourhoods, that make them an important yet independent Skogan cites surveys of 13,000 in- entity, but evidence from academic, social Photo: Jeff Arnold, Manager, Forensic Services dividuals in 40 urban residential Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario agency and law enforcement sources shows neighbourhoods. They were asked they also form a mysteriously complex dance about their experiences with crime, of death. and disorder, leading to less frequent visits and fear and perceptions of disorder. Field research- The foundation of this dance is an irresist- ultimately abandonment. Those who would ers then independently and objectively evalu- ible draw some of Toronto’s dispossessed feel “prowl it” take over from those who would ated 10 of the 40 neighbourhoods and found: to seek out areas less travelled in order to find maintain it, provide a lawful presence, and more • Regardless of demographics, there was a con- rest, solitude and escape. Prized spots include importantly, a care conduit for those in dire sensus about what constituted disorder. So- those infected by urban graffiti; left unattended, need. cial disorder was found to be the presence it explodes exponentially, drawing youth, al- In her book,The death and life of great and interplay of people, public drinking and cohol use, street level drugs and prostitution. American cities, urbanologist and long time drunkenness, youths loitering, gangs, noise, These behaviours get out of control, create a Toronto resident Jane Jacobs writes that in or- panhandling and prostitution. Physical disor- crimenogenic environment, and ultimately lead der for a street to be safe, it must have three der involved the environmental conditions to a deteriorating urban landscape that glistens main qualities: and was represented by the accumulation of with broken bottles and broken dreams. • A clear demarcation between public and pri- rubbish and refuse, dilapidated and aban- This downward spiral leaves many resi- vate space doned buildings and particularly, a type of dents who previously frequented an area with • Eyes upon the street which belong to the natu- vandalism we have come to know as graffiti. a perception of increased crime, fear, danger ral proprietors of the street • A direct link between disorder and crime; so- cial and physical disorder provided particu- larly fertile ground for petty crime to seed, take root and grow. Skogan noted disorder, thus crime, “plays an important role in neigh- bourhood decline.” Studies have shown that writers engage in graffiti to satisfy a need for fame, artistic expres- sion, power and rebellion. Recognition and fame is seen as the primary motivations — ‘tagging’ whatever, whenever and being prolific, daring and placing oneself at risk is being famous. Volume is significant.. Recognition from the community that commutes in and around the tag and from other taggers is highly sought after. These four needs all become potent forces in attracting youth to graffiti crime. A non-de- marcated, unwatched, unmaintained surface

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 30 becomes a new urban found physical disorder. canvass which, in turn, Inquests into three of nourishes physical disor- these deaths supported der and an environment this — the coroners ju- of perceived crime, fear ries listed homelessness and disorder. and environment among Homelessness, ac- the contributing causes. cording to Dr. Anne Golden’s report Golden, has reached “un- made 105 recommenda- precedented levels” in tions for change and ac- Toronto and numbers are tion, most addressing increasing. She headed a housing issues and serv- mayor’s task force on the ice systems, but a problem which illus- number also focus on trated some disturbing strategies involving trends, including that, in high-risk groups and 1996, almost 26,000 dif- important health issues. ferent individuals used The Toronto Police Toronto hostels — some Services Graffiti Eradi- 3,200 people on a given cation Program includes night (this number is a number of recommen- much higher on winter dations as well — eradi- nights). cation, education, em- This illustration is but one part of the home- initiated several years ago. It would ultimately powerment, enforcement and economic devel- less equation. The task force also included in provide me with names to go along with the opment — which vigorously address commu- its definition of homeless “those who are vis- faces, causes and locations of death. nity crime, fear and disorder. ible on the streets… the hidden homeless who Tanya Hatton, an energetic outreach coor- Does a graffiti-blanketed landscape serve live in illegal or temporary accommodation and dinator working out of the Coroners Office as- as an inviting gateway for some to sleep rough those at imminent risk of becoming homeless.” sisted me with the file research. She says Project or encourage citizens to leave an area they once In order to make sense of the numbers, one TIDE also helps locate next of kin and arranges maintained, protected and occupied? The re- must also make sense of the causes — the cata- appropriate disposition of bodies and works on search is clear. Being homeless within an envi- lyst which has created this social crisis. Home- an appropriate community response to the ronment of profound physical disorder creates lessness has four primary causes — increased causes of deaths, poverty issues and preven- a deadly equation. poverty, lack of affordable housing, tion methods. A coalition between Toronto police, the deinstitutionalization and social factors, includ- TIDE lists 34 males and two females as community, social agencies, media and local ing domestic violence, physical and sexual abuse. having died in 2000, 30 per cent between 21 to politicians has begun to address, and will hope- Factors such as these create an exhaustive 40 years old. Drugs or alcohol contributed to fully suppress, this dance of death. Otherwise morass of street living, hostel use, transience, hos- more than 60 per cent of the deaths and some the future is all too painfully predicable. The pitalization and death. Advocacy groups list more 20 per cent had a history of psychiatric illness. contagion of physical disorder will continue and than 200 homeless who have died since 1985 — The challenge was to isolate incidents of sadly, another name will join Jennifer C’s on and unfortunately, promises regular updates. homeless death, which occur outside, to verify the Homeless Memorial home page. The search for records of homeless death a geographic profile linking the location of S/Sgt Heinz Kuck has been with the Toronto Police Service inevitably leads me to Project TIDE (Toronto death with areas of physical disorder (graffiti). since 1979 and presently is the lead coordinator of the Indigent Death Enquiries), a partnership be- Almost half of the deaths were linked to Graffiti Eradication Program. He can be reached at 416 tween the city, health department, Toronto Po- homelessness, sleeping rough (outside) and 808-5354. Register for Kuck’s 1/2 day seminar in April at www.blueline.ca. lice Service and Office of the Chief Coroner death within an environment influenced by pro-

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 31 Using Kiai improves police control tactics by Ed Dewar focus the power and force of a technique to a single target area. A police officer can use their voice The word down, a longer voice to increase the effectiveness of a physi- modulation, can be used for throw- cal control tactic in much the same way ing and takedown techniques. weight lifters do. Use of force models show Again, it establishes the terms of communication as a force response, thus the engagement and lets the subject simultaneous use of voice and technique know what is expected of them. have added impact. This in itself can be helpful to ‘Ki’ is a Japanese char- an officer because a subject may acter which refers to an en- comply more readily if they know ergy found in every living what an officer wants — and a re- thing and ‘ai’ means to join sisting subject aware of an officer’s or harmonize. A literal in- wishes may be easier to counter. terpretation of combining Executing a voice command the two means to harmo- and technique simultaneously nize or unite the energy gives the subject very little time within the body. A common to counter what is happening surface explanation of Kiai is a and is more likely to be seen by spirited shout. bystanders, who can then back Within the police environ- up the officer’s articulation of ment, the kiai used in martial force. arts can be called a forceful A martial arts interpreta- voice command and is useful tion of Kiai represents the to- for many things. As a physi- tal focusing and bringing to- ological response, it helps to gether of all the forces within increase the strength of a tech- the body at one moment in time. nique; a forceful exhalation of air helps This can be a good thing for an increases muscle tension through the officer employing a technique body, particularly in the core, reduces in conjunction with a voice blood pressure and prevents blood command, since it can focus vessels from bursting. Many their attention to the task at sports incorporate it to in- hand — controlling the ag- crease strength needed to com- gressive subject. plete a movement. When used in combination Always keep some air within the lungs with a control technique, it can increase the when making a forceful voice command; this power and focus. keeps the body strong, prepared for another at- Using a spirited shout opens up another tack and maintains awareness of surroundings. avenue of meaning or understanding when If the subject is able to counter or continue a employed during a confrontation. A loud voice confrontation after an initial strike, the officer command can be used to trigger a basic physi- will need the reserve air to continue control- cal (startle) response. The subject freezes for a ling the subject. Also, the air reserve will help spilt second and an officer can exploit this mo- an officer absorb a blow from a subject. mentary lapse in their action. As a psychologi- The Samurai didn’t always use Kiai on the cal response, Kiai can ‘psyche out’ or intimi- battlefield. Spirited shouts built courage and ex- date a subject. citement prior to engaging an enemy but This loud voice command is not uncon- weren’t tactically smart in close quarters com- trolled yelling. Use specific single syllable com- bat. Announcing your presence this way would mands because more words may have a detri- let your enemy know where you were, elimi- mental effect on the officer by reducing his or nating the element of surprise. Warriors also her reaction time. Giving specific commands weren’t interested in developing good wit- — controlling verbs such as stop and back — nesses; their concern was to kill the enemy. also establishes ‘terms of engagement.’ The police officer is not on a feudal battle- An officer who issues them has laid the field and their main focus is not to kill a subject ground rules for the subject behaviour to change but to control them and win the confrontation. — they must either stop their action or back Although an officer may sometimes have to use up. If they don’t comply, this may allow the a deadly level of force to protect themselves or officer to increase the level of force needed to others, the circumstances are different. resolve the situation. An additional advantage — bystanders at the scene will hear and can A full-time police officer since 1981, Edward Dewar is currently assigned to the training section of the Calgary testify about the officers actions. Police Service. He’s been involved in martial arts for 26 The various sounds used when employing years and holds black belts in Karate and Iaido. He is also vocal commands can have very specific a certified hypnotist, has a degree in philosophy and is functions. For instance, sharp short sounds can completing a certificate in security management. He can be used when striking, allowing the officer to be reached at [email protected] or 403-216-1112.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 32

The current status of strip searches by Mike Novakowski ering 10 grams of crack cocaine in a plastic an item from a body cavity. wrap clenched in his buttocks. He resisted their - a proper record of the reasons and manner Searches incidental attempts to dislodge it and was eventually of search was kept. to arrest vary from pat forced to lie face down on the floor with his • Strip searches routinely done on individuals down or frisks to intru- pants and underwear pulled down to his knees. entering the prison population can’t justify sive strip and body cav- An officer removed the drugs after Golden ac- searches on all short term detainees. Although ity searches, but don’t jus- cidentally defecated and relaxed his grip; he was officers are legitimately concerned they may tify forced seizure of bod- taken to the station and strip searched again. conceal weapons, they must justify invasive ily samples (R. v. Stillman Golden was convicted of possession for the searches on a case-by-case basis. (1997) 1 S.C.R. 607 purpose of trafficking, a decision upheld by the • Strip searches generally should be conducted (S.C.C.)). Ontario Court of Appeal. The Supreme Court at a station unless there’s exigent circum- Like many Charter is- found the search violated the s.8 Charter right stances -- reasonable grounds to believe a sus- sues, there’s competing in- to be secure against unreasonable search and pect has a weapon, for example. terests. With personal seizure. The following principles emerged: • The Crown (police) bear the onus of prov- searches, it’s an individual’s • The common law power to search incidental ing, on a balance of probabilities, that a strip privacy interest versus the interest of police in to arrest includes the power to strip search. search was warranted. finding evidence and ensuring safety. Gener- • Although permissible as an incident to arrest, • Police must show reasonable grounds that a ally the more intrusive, the greater the justifi- strip searches are presumptively unreasonable field strip search, and the arrest, was justi- cation required for a search. Moreover, police and the onus lies on police to justify them. fied, conducted reasonably and show exigent must interfere as little as possible with a per- • Strip searches must be conducted in a reason- circumstances if it wasn’t done at the station. son’s privacy and dignity. able manner and just and proper fashion, not abusively. The intrusion must be proportion- Following the Golden thread What is a strip search? ate to the search’s objectives and the situation. Courts considered the Golden judgement In R. v. Golden 2001 SCC 83, the Supreme In deciding whether a search was conducted in a number of cases. Court of Canada adopted the following defini- in a manner that meets the constitutional re- In R. v. B.B., 2002 BCCA 388, an officer tion of a strip search: quirements of s.8, ask if: asked the accused to lower his pants and un- (T)he removal or rearrangement of some - it was conducted at the station. If not, why? derwear. He remained seated in the car, in a or all of the clothing of a person so as to per- - the health and safety of all involved was very dark area with little traffic, and the officer mit a visual inspection of a person’s private ensured. stood in front of the open door. A plastic baggie areas, namely genitals, buttocks, breasts (in the - the search was authorized by a supervisor. containing nine flaps of cocaine was discov- case of female) or undergarments. - the searcher and arrestee are the same sex. ered in the accused’s genital area. Strip searches can properly be conducted in- - the number of officers involved in the The officer testified he conducted the strip cidental to arrest but since they’re a significant search was reasonable. search this way because: invasion of privacy and often humiliating, degrad- - the minimum force necessary was used. (1) if the information was incorrect, the ac- ing and traumatic, require reasonable grounds - the search was conducted in private so oth- cused could be released immediately; above that justifying the arrest. They would be ers couldn’t observe. (2) it was very busy and there was a limited considered unreasonable if carried out as a mat- - the search was done as quickly as possible. number of officers working; ter of routine or policy, abusively or for the pur- - the person wasn’t completely undressed at (3) he needed to protect the evidence from be- pose of humiliating or punishing the arrestee. any one time. ing destroyed by the accused during the The Golden nuggets - there was physical contact. drive to the station. Police arrested Golden for selling drugs and - the arrestee was given the chance, or of- The accused was convicted but appealed strip searched him in a sandwich shop, discov- fered trained medical assistance, to remove to the BC Court of Appeal, which ruled: (T)he reasons (the officer) gave for strip searching (the accused) at the scene, rather than at the police station, did not meet the require- ments for a lawful strip search as an incident of arrest set forth in Golden. It cannot be justifica- tion for a strip search in the field that, if the search turns out to be negative, the citizen searched can then go on his or her way. This rationale suggests that a strip search is really a way of doing detained citizens a favour by sav- ing them a possible trip to the police station. I think it is fair to say that the majority of citizens would rather be spared the favour. In fact, the evidence here is to the effect that (the officer) was motivated by the desire to save himself a trip to the police station, if possible, in order to avoid the time and paper work which such a trip would involve. Had there been evidence of a significant need for his services at the time of this arrest, beyond the usual requirements of patrol duty, that would have been a valid consideration in de- termining whether exigent circumstances ex- isted which justified a search in the field. There was, however, no such evidence of exigent cir- cumstances here. Further, there is no evidence of a concern

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 34 that (the accused) might be armed; nor is there ple within the two hour limit. He allegedly any persuasive evidence that (the accused) struck an officer and was sent downtown, rou- could have disposed of the cocaine while being tinely strip searched and put in a holding cell taken from his car to the police station. Pre- instead of being released as originally intended. sumably he would have been handcuffed in such Relying on Golden, Justice Lefever ruled a manner as to prevent him from removing any- an arbitrary policy for conducting strip searches thing from his pants. He would also have been without information the detainee may have in the custody of (the officer) and in the com- drugs or a weapon is unjustified. In this case, pany of the ride-along, who could have kept the accused was sent downtown to teach him a him under observation for the short drive. lesson — a degrading strip search was meant However, the evidence was admitted un- to punish and humiliate him, which was “high der s.24(2) because the officer protected the handed and without lawful justification” and a accused’s privacy interest as best he could and “gross abuse of the police power of detention.” didn’t have the benefit of Golden at the time. The accused was acquitted of all charges. In Ilnicki v. MacLeod, 2003 ABQB 465, the In R. v. Dispersio, (2003) O.J. No. 2917 plaintiff alleged his Charter rights were violated (OntCJ), the accused failed a roadside screen- when he was arrested on an unendorsed war- ing device and breathalyzer tests at the station. rant. He resisted a strip search at the station and After refusing to provide his correct address and a wrist lock was applied, straining his arm. indicating he would not attend court, he was Although the arrest was lawful, Justice taken to a police detention facility and strip Acton found the strip search unnecessary and searched by an officer before being put in a cell. unreasonable. The plaintiff’s custody was for a The officer testified it was his practice, not short term, as in Golden, and the force used departmental policy, to search because of safety was inappropriate. He wasn’t warned first and concerns, conceding he had no specific reasons alternative measures — consulting with the ser- to suspect drugs or weapons were concealed. geant about how to gain compliance, for ex- The accused undressed himself and was never ample, or telling him he’d have to stay in the completely without clothes. search room until he complied — were not tried. Justice Takach found the concern for pris- As a result, the plaintiff was awarded oner and officer safety, and the danger of not $5,000 for the indignities of the strip search and searching, was the same with short and longer $6,000 for the arm strain. term detainees, since “there is a significant pub- In R. v. Pringle, 2003 ABPC 7, the accused lic interest in protecting a suspect not just from was arrested after driving erratically and evad- others, including other inmates and those in au- ing police and taken to the station, where he thority, but as well from the suspect himself. It deliberately avoided providing a breath sam- is not unknown that prisoners lodged for a short

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 35 term have harmed themselves or even taken their court concluded, since it had an element of pun- search, which would’ve made the strip search own lives,” he said, ruling the search reasonable. ishment and was designed to humiliate, demean far more defensible. Blindly following a policy In R. v. Agostinelli, (2002) O.J. No. 5008 and intimidate. The charges were stayed. without considering a case’s circumstances (OntCJ), the accused provided two In R. v. Keewatin, 2003 ABPC 67, the ac- doesn’t make a strip search either necessary or breathalyzer samples at the station and was cused was arrested for being drunk in public, lawful. The cocaine was excluded as evidence. strip searched in a hallway in the presence of quickly searched, cuffed and placed in a hold- In R. v. Hornick, (2002) O.J. No. 1170 two officers, without being told why. The hall- ing cell. The female officer sent him downtown (OntCJ), five male officers raided a private way wasn’t private and, although not touched for a bail hearing, but first had a male officer event — open only to women, who were in by police, the accused lowered his pants and do a strip search in his cell for safety reasons. various states of undress — for a liquor inspec- underwear and made a complete turn. The accused was asked to remove his clothes tion. Two female undercover officers had ear- There were no reasonable grounds to sus- and an officer saw a golf ball sized bulge in a lier observed breaches of the Liquor Licence pect he had concealed weapons, evidence, or sock which turned out to be crack cocaine. Al- Act. Justice Hryn concluded the circumstances instruments and the judge found police followed though the search was handled in an exemplary were analogous to a strip search; police had the a rule that all be stripped before being put in a fashion, Justice McNab ruled it was nonetheless authority to enter and conduct an inspection but cell. As a result, there was no compelling rea- unreasonable since the coke would have been the way they carried it out was unreasonable. son for the search and it wasn’t reasonable, the found in a more thorough, hands-on, pat down They knew patrons were undressed yet didn’t announce or delay prior to entering; do- ing so would have allowed time to dress. They also didn’t have the female officers enter. As a result, all the evidence was excluded, including the female undercover officers’ observations. In R. v. S.F. & J.L., (2003) O.J. No. 92 (OntCJ), two female YOs were arrested for a robbery after police asked them to come to the station. They were held for judicial release and subjected to the booking protocol, which re- quired a strip search for weapons or contraband. They hadn’t been searched up to then. The search was overseen by a female of- ficer in an area offering some privacy but par- tially visible to a surveillance camera. Noth- ing was found. Justice Katarynych concluded that, even though police were concerned with safety, there were no reasonable grounds to believe either girl posed a safety concern. The police response didn’t reflect the specific cir- cumstances that existed and the strip search was completely unnecessary. Furthermore, a pat-down search wasn’t con- ducted first, which may have been sufficient to address police concerns. Videotaping their upper bodies also resulted in “excruciating embarrass- ment,” Katarynych found in staying the charges. In R. v. A.B., (2003) O.J. No. 2010 (OntSCJ), the accused was arrested after po- lice found his wife tied up and her mouth taped. He was frisk searched at the scene, routinely strip searched at the station and strip searched again at the courthouse the next morning. The judge found the first strip search rea- sonable without considering the distinction be- tween persons held at the police station and those going to court or jail. The second search, however, was ruled unreasonable because it was long after the arrest and wasn’t based on any particular concern linked to the accused. The accused was convicted despite this Charter breach but appealed arguing, in part, that the first strip search was also unreasonable. Appeal Justice Durno of the Ontario Superior Court concluded the first search was conducted as a matter of routine, finding the judge erred in not distinguishing between station house de- tentions and those entering a larger population. However, in applying Golden, the court was “not persuaded that one strip search of those who will be attending court cells, in itself, is unreasonable, provided the search is conducted in a reasonable manner.” The second routine strip search was unreasonable but the stay ap- plication was nonetheless dismissed. In R. v. Clarke, Heroux, & Pilipa (2003)

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 36 FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 37 O.J. No. 3884 (OntSCJ), three people were ar- by disclosing whether they had anything con- when a detainee is mixed with the general rested for their part in a riot. Clarke was ar- cealed on their persons which explained their prison population. However, this does not in- rested in the morning and strip searched three conduct,” said the judge. clude the right to strip search persons who the times — on arriving at the station, later by in- The officers also conducted the searches officer in charge decides to detain in custody. vestigators and on admission to Toronto jail. reasonably; the men were stripped entirely na- A blanket strip search policy with respect to Both Heroux and Pilipa were also strip searched ked, but only briefly, their privacy and dig- these persons is not justified. Rather, the search- at the station. Nothing was found, but several nity interests were respected under the circum- ing officer requires proper grounds to warrant breaches of police strip search policy occurred, stances and there was no body cavity search. the strip search; mere suspicion is not enough. including no proper strip search reports and the The plaintiffs action was ultimately dismissed. Factors to consider include the person’s his- complete removal of clothing. In R. v. Ferguson, (2003) O.J. No. 3242 tory of secreting weapons or contraband and The accused applied for a stay of proceed- (OntCJ), the accused was strip searched in the their criminal record or demeanour, like vio- ings, arguing in part that their s.8 Charter rights booking room with the doors closed after blow- lent behaviour. In this case, there were proper were violated. Justice Ferrier found the searches ing 220mg% and 205mg%. She was never com- grounds for corrections personnel to be con- were not per se unreasonable, even though there pletely naked and her private areas were not cerned for their safety. The accused was vio- were no reasonable grounds to believe they had touched. The officer who did the search testified lent, had been fighting and was to be charged weapons or drugs, since they were conducted it was conducted for safety reasons and to find with assault. However, despite possessing the for the safety and security of the accused, police anti-depressant pills the accused was taking. requisite grounds for the search, it wasn’t con- and other prisoners. It would be rare that a strip Justice Baldwin found the search justified on ducted in a reasonable manner. search of a person entering a prison population, safety grounds, although there wasn’t more than The search wasn’t done in private — the which he defined as persons reasonably expected a mere suspicion that pills would be found. cell window was open — and the accused was to come in contact with others being detained, “It seems reasonable to me that a person entirely disrobed, rather than her clothes being would not be reasonable, concluding: being placed in the cells, even for a short dura- removed in stages. Also, the corrections officer “The police could reasonably be concerned tion, should not have weapons, even small ones who presented her handcuffs implied force. De- about an inadvertent introduction of a danger- like a razor blade, on their person,” said the spite these concerns, a stay of proceedings ous object into the police station. These con- judge. The accused was extremely intoxicated wasn’t warranted. cerns may not be satisfied even with a thor- with volatile emotions, lacked good judgment Bruce went one step further, ruling that when ough pat-down search.” and was incapable of taking care of herself, prisoners object to a strip search, an additional However, police didn’t keep proper records which all helped provide objective grounds. right to counsel is triggered. No case law was of the searches or allow removal of clothes in Furthermore, metal detectors weren’t used cited to support this contention, even though the stages and the second and third searches were by the service then, which may now be a major Supreme Court of Canada has previously ruled clearly unjustified and unreasonable. Further- factor in subsequent strip searches, the judge that the right to counsel derives from arrest or more, the court found the detentions arbitrary ruled. Even though the officer failed to prop- detention, not from being searched (R. v. Debot because the accused weren’t brought before a erly document the search as required by Golden, (1989), 52 C.C.C. (3d) 193 (S.C.C.)). justice as soon as practicable and could have been this was insufficient, in the judge’s view, to It’s unknown whether other judge’s will avoided had alternative means been considered. render it unreasonable. The stay application was accept this line of reasoning, but if there is an Nevertheless, the request for a stay was rejected. rejected and breath samples admitted. additional right to counsel, it seems unlikely it In Peart & Grant v. Peel Police Services In R. v. Douglas, 2003 BCPC 392, the ac- would be duly afforded only to those who object Board, (2003) O.J. No. 2669 (OntSCJ), two cused was strip searched at the Vancouver po- to a strip search. plaintiffs were arrested after fleeing a gas sta- lice lockup after she resisted officer’s efforts to The bare essentials tion in what was believed to be a stolen car. restrain her during an alcohol-involved traffic A few basic tenets appear to develop from They sued police, accusing them of engaging stop. The accused also refused to submit to the these cases. The common law power to strip in racial profiling and claimed damages for as- search, but complied when an officer pulled out search a person incidental to an arrest requires sault and indignities suffered in breaches of her handcuffs, as if to force the search. She was the following: their Charter rights, including strip searches. directed to take off all her clothing, turn around, • a lawful arrest (reasonable grounds) Evidence showed the general practice of bend over, spread her cheeks and cough. • the search must be truly incidental (or con- Peel police was to strip search all arrestees At the time, the jail had a policy to strip nected) to the arrest (ie. safety and/or evidence taken to a station. Justice Lane found the search all detainees except bylaw offenders or concerns) searches reasonable, since they were con- people arrested for being drunk in public who • reasonable grounds, independent from the ducted shortly after the arrest in a private area would be released when sober. Justice Bruce grounds for the arrest itself, to justify the strip to protect police and prisoners and discover found the arrest and subsequent pat down search evidence. Police were investigating why the search lawful. • the strip search must be conducted in a rea- plaintiffs fled and “such a search could rea- Vancouver jail staff continue to have the sonable manner sonably be expected to throw light on their authority to search incidental to arrest for gen- Officers must feel comfortable and profi- sudden flight from the Petro Canada station eral safety purposes, including strip searches ciently conduct thorough pat down searches, which may provide the necessary grounds to justify a strip search. Detecting an unnatural bulge while frisking a person, for example, may help justify a more intrusive strip search. Moreover, police need to consider metal de- tectors. A positive reading may also provide the necessary grounds. Remember also that the definition of a strip search accepted by the Supreme Court of Canada involves the visual inspection of the private areas or undergarments. Asking someone to remove their hat, take off a bulky jacket or kick off their shoes would not ap- pear to be covered by this — and don’t forget to document, document, document. Be smart and stay safe!

Contact Mike Novakowski at [email protected].

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 38 “Project Lock-up” reduces car thefts by Albert Sevigny

Car thieves have long considered Montreal to be an ‘open city.’ There’s always a steady supply of cars to steal and no shortage of peo- ple ready to snap up some car lot’s ‘deal of the week.’ When high-end car thefts in Montreal’s Marie Christine Nobert and Gerry well-to-do Hampstead district increased by al- Gatien of the Montreal Police most 100 per cent in 2001, two police officers developed “Project Lock-up” to remind the public that most stolen decided to do something about it. Gerry Gatien, cars were left unlocked. a senior constable in Cote St. Luke’s P.D.Q. (Poste De Quartier) and Marie Christine Nobert, Gatien. “You’ve got to be the station’s ‘socio-com’ (social-community careful and you’ve got to officer), developed ‘Project Lock-up’ because be smart because that’s they felt that the citizens had to be warned and what life is all about in the taught how to protect their vehicles. big city.” “Car theft was becoming everybody’s prob- Montreal’s busy port gives high-end car least half of the city’s stolen vehicles, another lem,” said Gatien. “We had to do something.” thieves easy access to international markets 40 per cent are never seen again. Most of His pro-active approach worked well with and a harsh winter climate keeps an extensive these are stolen ‘on order’ and can be quickly Nobert’s various community outreach pro- network of car repair shops in business. Cus- stripped for parts or ‘made-up’ with a new grams. Nobert, along with a number of local toms restrictions and import duties create a Vehicle Identification Number. These are the community organizations, had already worked perpetual shortage of car parts, insurance fees cars that are usually sold as a ‘dealer’s spe- out crime prevention initiatives which had done have become exorbitant and police complain cial ‘ in used car lots throughout the prov- a lot to reduce the incidence of ordinary street that, when caught, car thieves don’t get the ince. Luxury vehicles are generally packed crime in the west end borough. sentences they deserve. into cargo containers and shipped off to coun- “An ounce of prevention is always worth a Car theft has become one of the province’s tries in the Middle East or Asia. pound of cure,” said Nobert. ‘billion dollar babies’ and more than a few Que- Partners were found in the city’s business bec insurance industry sources say there’s not Albert Sévigny is Blue Line Magazine’s Quebec community and a bilingual leaflet was produced much being done about it. correspondent. He can be reached via eMail at and distributed throughout the borough telling While police do manage to recover at [email protected]. residents steps they could take to reduce the likelihood of the vehicle being stolen. Project partners included a car marking company and a local company which developed a vehicle tracking device now sold all over the world. While citizens were warned to take the usual precautions, police increased their patrols in the affected areas. Tags were put on parking meters remind- ing motorists not to leave valuables in their vehicle. Vehicle theft in the borough was soon re- duced by nearly 70 per cent and vehicle break- ins by almost 50 per cent. While both Gatien and Nobert are pleased with the success of their initiative, they don’t believe they did anything special. Gatien thinks that when people become complacent, they forget to take the proper pre- cautions. “People must be reminded to be more care- ful,” said Gatien. “Don’t leave your keys in the ignition, don’t leave your purse in the car, don’t leave your lap-top on the front seat and park in well lit areas. It’s not complicated, and a few simple precautions can save you a lot of grief.” The project was so successful the SPVM (Service de la Police de la Ville de Montreal) decided to expand it to other affected boroughs, including the city’s downtown core, where car break-ins have become a serious problem. “People should stop and put their stuff in the trunk before they go downtown to shop,” said Gatien. “If the crooks can see you put things into the trunk after you park your car, it’s just a question of time before they make their move.” “Nothing can be taken for granted,” says

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 39 FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 40

A field guide to championing change by Eli Sopow thinking is that it’s possible to maintain the status quo and a good thing to seek con- Avoid the ‘borg theory’ when manag- tainment and tight control. You can never ing change — the borg are Star Trek aliens step again into the same river – it constantly who think and look alike and warn that “re- changes, and so do all organizations. sistance is futile – you will be assimilated.” Frederick Taylor’s idea that all employees Managers practicing it demand change should be treated like cogs in a wheel was and believe those who resist are simply wildly popular with factory owners but ig- blind to its benefits and not team players. nored the fact people, unlike robots, have They also believe in very prescriptive for- emotional needs. His ‘scientific manage- mulas — usually that change will perme- ment’ theory eventually produced rebel- ate even thick, resistant hides in “four to lions and dysfunctional corporations. five years.” Like biological systems, organizations Any change, no matter how small, rep- are very much alive, constantly in motion resents a difference and will be strongly re- and, like people, have personalities, sisted if it’s perceived to threaten our iden- reputations and levels of public trust based tity, self-esteem and ideals. The brain’s on history, learning ability, tradition, elaborate neuropsychology triggers our ‘spidy it’s not great (the devil they know versus the culture and operating rules. When rules are rigid senses’ even when small change is detected. devil they don’t). There can also be a growth and impractical, mandates inflexible and Watchful, first-alert stimuli work in concert in self-fulfilling prophesies by those trying to expression stifled, people find ways to adapt with more ‘thoughtful’ cognitive processes to implement change and those resisting it. Ex- within what complexity scientist Ralph Stacey decide if the change is good, bad or neutral and amples include expecting the worst and find- calls the ‘shadow system’ — informal, how it can be incorporated. ing rare examples to support it and relying unofficial ways of doing things that produce That’s the good news! The human brain is heavily on past experiences to predict future the desired results. Over time and despite highly adaptive and we intuitively know that actions. It’s also a given that such bad news managers’ best efforts to prevent deviations change is an ongoing process and look (usu- travels fast and is well remembered. from the norm, they eventually emerge into the ally subconsciously) for how actions and Perception is reality during change. How light of day through policy re-design, altered events within our environment can help us an individual feels about it is based on many practices and ‘new’ thinking formally adopted survive. When asked if one should be cautious emotional and cognitive factors – what the by senior management. or bold about making major change, most peo- change reminds them of, their past experiences, Progressive organizations today see the fu- ple say change is okay and disagree with the what they hear from those they trust and their tility and downside to dictatorial command and statement that “ideas that have stood the test interpretation of what the people creating control, top-down systems and instead look for of time are generally best” (World Values Sur- change tell them. ways to harness the creative potential of con- vey, 1981-1998). Long-time management designer, consult- structive chaos. As management scholar Jeffrey Like a fine meal though, a lot about change ant and educator Will McWhinney says “con- Goldstein points out, such self-adapting organi- is in the presentation. flict is immediately related to change and zations look to create “far-from-equilibrium There’s no point in trying to convince some- change engenders conflict” because it often conditions” through creatively challenging as- one with a strong resistance to change that it’s arises from differences in “the way each of us sumptions on a regular basis, contrasting the a good thing. You are using a rational argument, constructs reality.” original purpose of a unit or group against the often supported with cold numbers and facts, It’s also good to remember that the language purpose of its current function and allowing for to counter resistance based on a hot emotion of change — the words ‘rationalization,’ a free flow of information. This may sound (fear). That makes the person feel like they have ‘downsizing’ and even ‘efficiencies,’ for exam- ‘fluffy’ but the US Marine Corps (USMC) no power or idea of what’s going to happen and ple — have become code words for bad things doesn’t think so — this is from their manage- threatens their self-image. While you’re quot- about to happen. ment training manual: ing the latest change management guru, their Each person perceives change differently Like a living organism, a military organi- emotional brain is locking and loading, — but for them, their perception is their real- zation is never in a state of stable equilibrium hunkering down to fiercely fight what is a threat ity. It is a huge mistake for change managers to but is instead in a continuous state of flux, con- to sense-of-self and personal identity. adopt the notion that “people just don’t get it.” tinually adjusting to its surroundings. Com- Some predictable behaviour occurs dur- mand and control is not so much a matter of ing this state of resistance. The person be- The ‘machine-works’ myth one part of the organization getting control over comes very attracted to the status quo, even if One of the tallest tales of organizational another as it is something that connects all the

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 42 elements together in organizational fac- a cooperative effort. tors; again, if this The USMC re- isn’t happening, fers to its approach tough questions as ‘command and need to be asked. coordinate’ rather Performance and ac- than command and countability meas- control, recognizing ures will fail to meet the impossibility of expectations if totally controlling there’s a huge real- many aspects of war. ity gap between de- sirable goals and Be a change achievable goals. champ, not a This can be caused change chump by a lack of re- The good news sources, commit- is that most people ment (especially intuitively understand change is ongoing, adapt from senior management) or perceived and and want to learn more about it — but how that comparable gain – in other words, the costs information is conveyed is hugely important. outweigh the benefits. It’s unlikely the Fully understanding what’s needed to establish change champion index and formula will trust, cohesion and adaptability is the key to score a perfect 100 for all emotional and or- successful change management. ganizational factors, but if the emotional in- The idea is to build on successful, comfort- dex in particular is under 70, then experience able and familiar systems rather than imposing suggests that a change initiative is on wob- externally designed, one-size-fits-all, flavour- bly ground. As Peter Senge aptly puts it, “the of-the-year ‘solutions,’ which is all too com- challenge of fear and anxiety may well be the mon. People react to them the same way bio- most frequently faced challenge in sustain- logical systems do to an infection or toxin — ing profound change — and the most diffi- by immediately producing antibodies. As cult to overcome.” Stephen Covey suggests, “seek first to under- Eli Sopow is a RCMP civilian member at Pacific Region stand” before seeking to be understood. Headquarters. He holds a Ph.D. in human and Emotional factors play a far stronger role organizational development and sits on the executive and in successful change than pure organizational board of the International Issues Management Council. He design, yet managers are preoccupied with new can be reached at [email protected]. system designs, flow charts, reporting lines, organizational charts and standard operating procedures. Many still hold to the outdated no- tion that tight command and control, straight- line thinking and machine-like precision guar- antees carved-in-stone goals and objectives that will be achieved on time and on budget. Progressive companies and organizations have learned that successful and continuing change and the self-organization and adaptabil- ity necessary to survive is based on emotional and organizational factors. High emotion with- out leadership, management, and organizational structure can produce frustration, anger and a dysfunctional atmosphere, but a heavy empha- sis on organizational design that ignores emo- tional factors produces a place with no heart or soul – which also leads to toxic organizational environments. There’s no magic way to blend emotional and organizational factors but there is a guid- ing – not prescriptive – formula; emotion + or- ganization = trusted action (E + O = TA) presents a checklist of common symptoms for the change champion to consider. The basics of the formula, which produces the change champion index, are: • Change should positively impact the 10 emo- tional factors; if it doesn’t, find out why. Ad- dressing emotional factors doesn’t mean a manager agrees to all demands or forever drags out decision-making. It does mean un- derstanding expectations, explaining why not all can be met and building on the positive. • Change should also positively identify the 10

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 43

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 45 CATEGORY INDEX

This directory is divided up into three parts. The first part is the “Category Index”(this page). It provides you with details of how the products and services you may be looking for are listed. The second part is the “Product Listings” (page 47) which places the companies under the catego- ries of products or services they are prepared to supply. The third part is the “Corporate Listings” (page 58) which includes the name, address and phone/fax lines of the companies that responded.

Access Control Computer - Dispatching Hazmat Equipment Sirens & Emergency Lighting Accident Reconstruction Communications - Base Stations Helicopters & Equipment General Police Supply Computer - Software Computer - Forensics Holsters & Accessories Vehicles - Accessories Accreditation Computer - Hardware General Police Supply Surveillance Addiction Treatment Computer - Laptops Weapons - Accessories Binoculars & Telescopes Alarm Devices Computer - Records Management HR Consulting & Support Cameras Computer - Software Security Inert Explosive Devices CCTV, Film Computer - Storage Devices Alcohol Detection Investigative Support Services Security - Perimeter Ammunition Computer - Training Forensic Aids & Investigations Video - Mobile Architecture & Engineering Counterfeit & Detections/Fraud Jewelry Switches and Control Systems Police Facilities Data Collection Lights - Portable Systems Integration & Support Associations Data Mining, Data Recovery Loading & Unloading Stations Tactical Team Equipment Audio/Video Aids Defensive Tactics Training Marine Electronics Training Aids & Books Schools & Institutions Body Armour Memo Books Automated Finger Printing Defibrillators General Police Supply Motorcycles & Supplies Forensic Services Display Trailers Telemetry Equipment Vehicles - Off Road Awards, Badges, Pins Digital Video Telescoping Masts & Antenna Narcotics Equipment & Drug Tests Jewelry Cameras Training Aids & Services Forensic Services & Equipment Pens DNA Testing Services Audio & Video Aids Batons Dog Training & Supplies Night Vision Equipment Publishers, Books, Printing E-Services Weapons - Non-lethal Cameras Trauma Scene Cleaning Emblems & Decals Bicycles & Supplies Office Equipment & Supply Uniforms & Accessories Awards, Badges & Pins Binoculars & Telescopes Pens Clothing & Outerwear Vehicle & Accessories Night Vision Equipment Photo Identification EMS Software Emblems Surveillance Photography Evidence/Exhibit Storage General Police Supply Body Armour Cameras Evidence Notebooks Holsters Tactical Team Equipment CCTV, Film Memo Books Vacations Bomb Disposal Forensic Services & Equipment Eye, Ear & Skin Protection Vehicle Tracking Equipment Hazardous Material Handling Video Surveillance Gloves GP Systems & Mapping Hazmat Equipment Promotional Items Hazardous Material Handling Vehicles - Accessories Boots, Shoes & Footwear Awards, Badges, Pins Range Supplies Fleet Graphics Footwear Jewelry Fabric Manufacturer Vehicles - Off Road General Police Supply Pens Financial Planning & Insurance Helicopters Breathing Apparatus Firearms - Simulation Training Publishers, Books, Printing Motorcycles Cameras Video - Training Training Aids & Services Vehicles - Restoration Photography Firearms - Training Radar & Speed Equipment Vehicles - Specialty Security - Perimeter Control Fleet Graphics Range Supplies Surveillance Vessels - Accessories Vehicles - Accessories Ammunition Video - Mobile & Surveillance Video - Mobile & Surveillance Forensic Aids & Investigations General Police Supply Cases, Duty Bags, Storage Security - Perimeter Investigative Support Services Recruitment & Selection General Police Supply Photography Forensic Services & Equipment Restraining Devices CCTV, Film Form Holders Riflescopes Video - Training Cigars & Accessories General Police Supply Robots VIP Protection Clothing & Outerwear GP Systems & Mapping Voice Logging Systems General Police Supply Safety & Rescue Equipment Vehicle Tracking Equipment Weapons - Accessories Uniforms & Accessories Hazardous Material Handling Gloves Weapons - Maintenance Collision Reporting Centres Hazardous Material Handling Schools & Institutions Weapons - Non-Lethal Communications - Base Stations General Police Supply Defensive Tactics Training Batons Computer - Dispatching Graffiti Eradication Security - Identification Telecommunications Hazardous Material Handling Security - Penal Institutions Firearms - Simulation Training Communications - Consultant Bomb Disposal Security - Perimeter Weapons - Security Communications - Hand Held Eye, Ear & Skin Protection Photography Weapons - Training Communications - Mobile General Police Supply Video - Mobile & Surveillance Schools & Institutions Computer - Accessories Gloves Security - Training Wireless Communications

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 46 PRODUCT LISTING

Access Control MILArm Co Ltd HWC Police Equipment Co. Body Armour Adanac Security & Specialty Services Police Ordnance Company Inc Law Enforcement Technologies, Inc Atlantic Body Armor AutoVu Technologies Inc. Remington Arms Gravel Agency Lloyd Libke Law Enforcement Sales Ceramic Protection Corp Bioscrypt Inc Tetragon Tasse M D Charlton CO LTD Concealed Carry Systems, Inc. Controlled Access Systems Inc. The Shooting Edge Newcon Optik Counter-Act security Inc. Visibility Systems Company Pro Security Gear Deister Electronics, Inc. Winchester Ammunition R. Nicholls Distributors Inc Delta Scientific Secure Distributions Limited Electromega Ltd. Architecture & Tech-Police.com GE Interlogix Access Control Systems Engineering Zaviation Inc, GE Interlogix Video Systems Group Adanac Security & Specialty Services First Choice Armor & Equipment, Inc Garda of Canada Carruthers Shaw & Partners K9 Storm Inc. Caswell International I.R. Recognition Systems Bicycles & Supplies Law Enforcement Training & Supplies IR Security Dunlop Architects Inc. Alerte Systems International M D Charlton CO LTD KEYper Systems GiveMePower Corp. Alpine Joe Sportswear Ltd./ Cadence MILArm Co Ltd Labcal KEYper Systems Bell Pro Police Products Mawashi Inc. Martin & Levesque (1983) Blauer Canada Electric Vehicle Technologies Med-Eng Systems Inc. Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Boyd HIatt-Thompson Corp PACA Body Armor Sonitrol Security Systems Visibility Systems Company Tufloc VisionSphere Technologies Wintron Tech Zebra Card Printer Solutions Pinnacle Armor Inc. Binoculars & Zetron, Inc. Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Boyd Telescopes The Walter Fedy Partnership Current Corporation Accident Disco-Tech Industries, Inc. Pinnacle Armor Inc. Reconstruction Associations Hirsch Precision Protection Development Int. Corp davTECH Analytical Services (Canada) Canadian Police Association Kindermann (Canada) Inc. R. Nicholls Distributors Inc Eos Systems Inc Int. Assn. for Property and Evidence Leica Optics Second Chance Body Armor, Inc. GiveMePower Corp. Int. Police Association Region 2 Leupold Canada Secure Distributions Limited Inst of Police Technology S.O.L.E.T.A Lloyd Libke Law Enforcement Sales Teijin Twaron USA Laser Technology, Inc. Maritime Services, Fire and Police U.S. Armor Corporation MicroSurvey Software, Inc. Audio/Video Aids Newcon Optik Uniform Uniforms Siemann SCI Canada Cognitech Inc Sokkia Corporation Henry’s The CAD Zone Instrument Technology, Inc. John E. Reid and Associates, Inc Accreditation Kinwood Audio Visual Inc eConcordia Securesearch, Inc. Commission on Accreditation (CALEA) Tek Gear Niagara University Universal Guardian Corporation Royal Roads University Automated Finger Addiction Treatment Printing Bellwood Health Services Inc Bioscrypt Inc Diagnostix Ltd. Business Watch International ComnetiX Computer Systems Inc. Alarm Devices Labcal Boomerang Tracking Inc. Motorola, Integrated Solutions HGI Wireless, Inc. PEC Solutions, Inc. Sonitrol Security Systems Titan Corp Zetron, Inc. Awards, Badges, Pins Alcohol Detection Dalgas Enterprises Inc CMI Inc. Emblem Enterprises davTECH Analytical Services (Canada) Diagnostix Ltd. Flex-O-Lite Limited Intoximeters, Inc Mega Technical Holdings Ltd.

Ammunition Our Designs, Inc Atlantic Police & Security Supply Strath Craft Limited C-I-L/Orion Thistle Productions Ltd Diemaco Toronto Police Museum Disco-Tech Industries, Inc. Hirsch Precision Batons Hornady Armor Holdings Inc Lloyd Libke Law Enforcement Sales Deenside

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 47 FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 48 PRODUCT LISTING

Bomb Disposal Hi-Tec Sports Canada Cameras Hi-Tec Intervention Inc. Armet Armored Vehicles Ltd Law Enforcement Training & Supplies Ascendent Technology Group Inc Pelican Products, Inc. (Canada) Atlantic Body Armor Lloyd Libke Law Enforcement Sales AutoVu Technologies Inc. Policepro Inc. Bosik Technologies Limited M D Charlton CO LTD Current Corporation R. Nicholls Distributors Inc C-I-L/Orion Policepro Inc. Everest VIT, Inc. Reliant Safety Equipment Inc. Canadian Safety Equipment Inc. R. Nicholls Distributors Inc FLIR Systems Ltd. Spacesaver Corporation DuPont Canada Inc. STC Footwear Fuji Photo Film Spike Camp (DROP ZONE TACTICAL) EOD Performance Inc. SealSkinz Waterproof Gloves & Socks Storm Case By Hardigg First Choice Armor & Equipment, Inc Secure Distributions Limited Tactical Advantage Instrument Technology, Inc. Tactical & Survival Specialties, Inc. TruckVault Mistral Security, inc The Dehner Company Tuff Products NABCO Inc. Thorlo Tufloc NBC Team Ltd. Tuff Products Uncle Mike’s Law Enforcement PACA Body Armor Viking Police & Security Company ITT Industries Night Vision Underwater Kinetics Inc. PW Allen and Company Ltd Instrument Technology, Inc. Viking Police & Security Company Proparms Ltd Breathing Apparatus Kindermann (Canada) Inc. Wolverine Supplies Ltd Protection Development Int. Corp Leica Optics Canadian Safety Equipment Inc. Sciax Technology Inc. Litco Systems Inc. CCTV, Film Fisher Safety Second Chance Body Armor, Inc. MSA - Mine Safety Appliances Adanac Security & Specialty Services Levitt-Safety Ltd. Securesearch, Inc. Polaroid Canada Inc. Ascendent Technology Group Inc MSA - Mine Safety Appliances TEAM-1 Emergency Services Q-Star Technology (Canada) Carol Products Moldex-Metric Inc. Raytheon Commercial Infrared Cognitech Inc NBC Team Ltd. Boots, Shoes & Sony of Canada Controlled Access Systems Inc. North Safety Products Ltd. Footwear VideoComm Technologies GE Interlogix Video Systems Group Reliant Safety Equipment Inc. 911 Supply Zistos Corporation Garda of Canada Safety Express Ltd. ALTAMA Footwear Kinwood Audio Visual Inc Safety Tech International, Inc. Atlantic Police & Security Supply Cases, Duty Bags, Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Boyd The Ontario Glove Manufacturing Co. Bates Uniform Footwear Storage Universal Guardian Corporation Zaviation Inc, Danner Inc FSI Fire Safety International, Inc VideoComm Technologies Department Services HD Brown Enterprises Ltd ECCO Shoes Canada Bullet Traps Hatch Corporation Cigars & Accessories Gordon Contract Footwear Savage Range Systems Henry’s Constable Cigar Co

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 49 PRODUCT LISTING

Clothing & Outerwear Prairie Geomatics Ltd. Computer - Hardware Niagara University Aero Mode Etc Radio IP Software Inc. AMREL Systems LLC Niche Technology Alpine Joe Sportswear Ltd./ Cadence Symbol Technologies Canada ULC Command Force Northrop Grumman Public Safety, Inc. Atlantic Police & Security Supply TV Equipment Data911 Our Software Ltd. Blauer Manufacturing Co. Inc., Tactical Command Industries, Inc. Dolch Canada PEC Solutions, Inc. DuPont Canada Inc. Telex Communications Inc. Enterpol by Huber & Associates, Inc. People Schedule Inc. Emblem Enterprises xwave JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. Sequent Technologies Empire Shirt Ltd Jotto Desk Southport Data Systems Evin Industries Ltd. Communications - Kontron Mobile Computing, Inc. Terrier Technologies, Ltd. FAMCO Ltd Mobile LC Technology International, Inc. FSI Fire Safety International, Inc AMREL Systems LLC Litco Systems Inc. The PERCS Index Inc. First Choice Armor & Equipment, Inc AOI Electrical - the Airbag Switch Miad Systems Inc TriTech Software Systems Integral Designs Antenex Inc. NEC Technologies Inc., Versaterm Inc MILArm Co Ltd Bell Mobility Net Cyclops Inc. Martin & Levesque (1983) Blauer Canada Bickford Broadcast Vehicles Palomar Display Products Computer - Software Nine-One-One Outerwear Cartel Communication Systems Inc. Paradigm Advanced Technologies, Inc. 4thWatch Systems Inc Our Designs, Inc Data911 Pentax USA AVeL-TECH Outdoor Outfits David Clark Company Inc Scientific Dimensions, Inc. Agnovi Corporation Pacific Safety Products Inc. Dolch Canada Secure Technologies International Aquila Software Pro Security Gear ESRI Canada Stewart Products, Inc. Atlas Business Solutions, Inc. Symbol Technologies Canada ULC R. Nicholls Distributors Inc Handsfree Advantage Austech Development Inc. Tek Gear Rothco JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. Business Watch International TriTech Software Systems STC Footwear Jon/Beau, Inc CISCO Software SealSkinz Waterproof Gloves & Socks Kenwood Electronics Canada Inc. Tripod Data Systems Canada Law Book Inc. Seals Action Gear Kontron Mobile Computing, Inc. Cognitech Inc Spike Camp (DROP ZONE TACTICAL) M/A-COM, Inc. Computer - Laptops The Ontario Glove Manufacturing Co. Malley Industries Inc. AMREL Systems LLC Command Force Toronto Police Museum Midian Electronics AOI Electrical - the Airbag Switch ComnetiX Computer Systems Inc. Uniform Uniforms Motorola Canada Inc., Cognitech Inc Crimestar Corporation Viking Police & Security Company Motorola, Integrated Solutions Crimestar Corporation CritiCall Software Zee Medical Canada, Inc. NETdelivery Dolch Canada Data911 NetMotion Wireless Kontron Mobile Computing, Inc. Dialogic Communications Corporation Collision Reporting Northern Airborne Technology Ltd., Miad Systems Inc Diaphonics, Inc Centres Northrop Grumman Public Safety, Inc. Digital Engineering Corp Accident Support Services International Pentax USA ECRI - Environ’l Criminology Research Radio IP Software Inc. ESRI Canada Communications - Base Scientific Dimensions, Inc. Enhanced Audio Inc. Stations Sierra Wireless, Inc. Enterpol by Huber & Associates, Inc. Antenex Inc. Symbol Technologies Canada ULC Eos Systems Inc Bell Mobility Telex Communications Inc. Pentax USA FDM Software Ltd. Kenwood Electronics Canada Inc. Viking Police & Security Company Secure Technologies International Fischer Consulting Inc M/A-COM, Inc. Symbol Technologies Canada ULC Forensic Technology WAI Inc. Motorola Canada Inc., Computer - Accessories The National Inst. of Truth Verification GE Interlogix Access Control Systems Sinclair Technologies Inc. Command Force GiveMePower Corp. Telex Communications Inc. Dolch Canada Computer - xwave Handsfree Advantage Records / Management ISYS Search Software Identification Technologies AVeL-TECH ImageWare Systems Inc. Communications - JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. Agnovi Corporation Imagis Technologies Inc. Consultant Jon/Beau, Inc Aquila Software InTime Solutions, Inc. Andros Consultants Limited Jotto Desk Atlas Business Solutions, Inc. Inst of Police Technology and Management Bell Mobility Scientific Dimensions, Inc. Austech Development Inc. John E. Reid and Associates, Inc Bratton Consulting Inc. Storm Case By Hardigg CISCO Software Kaba Benzing Motorola Canada Inc., Tek Gear Command Force LC Technology International, Inc. NETdelivery Crimestar Corporation Miad Systems Inc Computer - Dispatching Data911 MicroSurvey Software, Inc. Communications - AVeL-TECH Enterpol by Huber & Associates, Inc. NEC Technologies Inc., Hand Held CISCO Software NETdelivery Antenex Inc. Cartel Communication Systems Inc. Our Software Ltd. Austech Development Inc. Combix Corporation PPM 2000 Inc. Bell Mobility Crimestar Corporation Paradigm Advanced Technologies, Inc. David Clark Company Inc CritiCall Software Paradigm Business Systems Deister Electronics, Inc. ESRI Canada Radio IP Software Inc. GiveMePower Corp. Enterpol by Huber & Associates, Inc. Fischer Consulting Inc Syscon Justice Systems Handsfree Advantage FDM Software Ltd. ISYS Search Software JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. Motorola, Integrated Solutions ImageWare Systems Inc. TISCOR Jackson Products Northrop Grumman Public Safety, Inc. Motorola, Integrated Solutions Teranet Inc. Kenwood Electronics Canada Inc. PEC Solutions, Inc. NETdelivery Terrier Technologies, Ltd. M/A-COM, Inc. PPM 2000 Inc. The CAD Zone Midian Electronics Terrier Technologies, Ltd. The National Inst. of Truth Verification Motorola Canada Inc., TriTech Software Systems The PERCS Index Inc. Paradigm Advanced Technologies, Inc. Versaterm Inc TriTech Software Systems Peltor Communications Zetron, Inc. i2 Inc. Pentax USA xwave xwave

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 50 PRODUCT LISTING

Computer - Training ECRI Envron’l Criminology Research Inc E-Services Financial Planning & 4thWatch Systems Inc FDR Forensic Data Recovery Inc. eConcordia Insurance Cognitech Inc Forensic Technology WAI Inc. Paradigm Business Systems Advance Financial FDR Forensic Data Recovery Inc. ISYS Search Software People Schedule Inc. Investment Planning Counsel of Canada MicroSurvey Software, Inc. Kanotech Information Systems Ltd. Secure Technologies International National Firearms Association Net Cyclops Inc. Niche Technology Teranet Inc. The National Inst. of Truth Verification Our Software Ltd. Firearms - Simulation Westervelt College Recovery Force Emblems & Decals Training Aero Mode Etc Advanced Interactive Systems Artcal Graphics & Screen Printing Computer Forensics Defensive Tactics Beamhit LLC Dalgas Enterprises Inc 4thWatch Systems Inc Training CAPS Inc. Ebik Id Solutions Inc. Bowmonk Canada Inc. Alasdair Cook & Associates Caswell International Eurotex North America Inc. British Columbia Inst of Tech CDT Training FATS, Inc. Cogent Systems Inc., Labelnet Inc FAMCO Ltd Olympic Arms, Inc. Enhanced Audio Inc. Martin & Levesque (1983) Blauer Canada FATS, Inc. Paradigm Tactical Products Inc. FDR Forensic Data Recovery Inc. Our Designs, Inc Globe Risk International Inc. Rec-T-Fire Inc. Forensic Technology WAI Inc. Strath Craft Limited Modern Warrior Inc. Simunition / SNC TEC ISYS Search Software Uniform Uniforms Paradigm Tactical Products Inc. ImageWare Systems Inc. Pine Tree LC Technology International, Inc. EMS Software PW Allen and Company Ltd S.O.L.E.T.A AVeL-TECH Recovery Force Westervelt College Atlas Business Solutions, Inc. CISCO Software Computer Storage Defibrillators CritiCall Software Devices HeartZap Services Inc Digital Engineering Corp Firearms - Training Miad Systems Inc Laerdal Medical Canada, Ltd. ESRI Canada Advanced Interactive Systems Net Cyclops Inc. Levitt-Safety Ltd. FDM Software Ltd. Alasdair Cook & Associates Scientific Dimensions, Inc. Medtronic Physio -Control PEC Solutions, Inc. ArmaLite Inc Secure Technologies International Philips Medical Systems, Canada People Schedule Inc. Beamhit LLC The PERCS Index Inc. Zee Medical Canada, Inc. Bushmaster Firearms, Inc. Underwater Kinetics Inc. Zoll Canada Evidence & Exhibit CAPS Inc. Storage Canadian Tactical Ltd. Counterfeit & Display Trailers Agnovi Corporation Caswell International Detections / Fraud Information Display Company Corporate Security Supply Ltd. DSM Law Enforcement Products Corporate Security Supply Ltd. White Pine Productions Foster & Freeman Int. Assn. for Property and Evidence KCS Trauma & Death Scene Cleaning SecuriSource Inc. Digital Video Nelmar Security Packaging Systems. Crime Scene Reconstruction Adanac Security & Specialty Services Niche Technology KCS Trauma & Death Scene Cleaning Ascendent Technology Group Inc Pelican Products, Inc. (Canada) Laser Technology, Inc. Carol Products Spacesaver Corporation LaserMax MicroSurvey Software, Inc. Controlled Access Systems Inc. TEAM-1 Emergency Services National Firearms Association Mistral Security, inc Decatur Electronics, Inc. The PERCS Index Inc. PACA Body Armor Multis Reflect Inc GE Interlogix Video Systems Group TruckVault Pine Tree The CAD Zone Garda of Canada Tufloc Police Ordnance Company Inc Henry’s Rec-T-Fire Inc. Data Collection Int’l Police Technologies, Inc. Evidence Notebooks Savage Range Systems Agnovi Corporation Kinwood Audio Visual Inc Triform Business Systems Limited Sigarms Austech Development Inc. Kustom Signals, Inc. Exercise Equipment & Clothing Simunition / SNC TEC Bowmonk Canada Inc. Litco Systems Inc. Electric Vehicle Technologies Smith-Wesson Business Watch International Micro Video Products Zaviation Inc, Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc. Crimestar Corporation Sequent Technologies The Shooting Edge DMTI Spatial Sonitrol Security Systems Eye, Ear & Skin Decatur Electronics, Inc. Protection Fleet Graphics Information Display Company Sony of Canada White Pine Productions Fisher Safety Artcal Graphics & Screen Printing JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. GENTEX Kanotech Information Systems Ltd. DNA Testing Services HAZMASTERS Forensic Aids & NETdelivery Jackson Products BC Institute of Technology Investigations Niche Technology Levitt-Safety Ltd. B.H. Harris Consulting Our Software Ltd. Moldex-Metric Inc. Dog Training & Supplies Enhanced Audio Inc. PPM 2000 Inc. North Safety Products Ltd. Baden K-9 Foster & Freeman Sokkia Corporation Peltor Communications Southport Data Systems Detection K-9 of America, LLC Police Ordnance Company Inc Identification Technologies The CAD Zone First Choice Armor & Equipment, Inc Remington Arms Gravel Agency Imagis Technologies Inc. The PERCS Index Inc. HIatt-Thompson Corp Safetec of America, Inc. Indigo Systems Corporation Tripod Data Systems Hi-Tec Intervention Inc. Safety Express Ltd. LC Technology International, Inc. K9 Storm Inc. The Ontario Glove Manufacturing Co. LECOR Technologies, LLC Data Mining, Data McMahon’s Dog Training Academy Zee Medical Canada, Inc. Law Enforcement Technologies, Inc Recovery Securesearch, Inc. Lynn Peavey Company Advanced Interactive Systems TruckVault Fabric Manufacturer MicroSurvey Software, Inc. AutoVu Technologies Inc. True Traffic Safety Lincoln Fabrics Ltd. Sensors & Software Inc.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 51 PRODUCT LISTING

Forensic Services & ECRI - Environ’l Criminology Research KCS Trauma & Death Scene Cleaning Robinson Helicopter Company Equipment ESRI Canada Mancom Manufacturing Inc Schweizer Aircraft Corp. Axciton Systems, Inc. FDR Forensic Data Recovery Inc. Safetec of America, Inc. Diagnostix Ltd. FLIR Systems Ltd. TEAM-1 Emergency Services Holsters & Accessories Foster & Freeman Fischer Consulting Inc 911 Supply Int. Assn. for Property and Evidence GiveMePower Corp. Hazmat Equipment Armor Holdings Inc KCS Trauma & Death Scene Cleaning HGI Wireless, Inc. Bright Star Lighting Products Bianchi International Law Enforcement Technologies, Inc Kanotech Information Systems Ltd. Canadian Safety Equipment Inc. CQB Solutions, Inc. Nelmar Security Packaging Systems. Kenwood Electronics Canada Inc. Canadian Wireless Technologies Inc. Concealed Carry Systems, Inc. Nelson Wong Architect Inc. Laser Technology, Inc. EOD Performance Inc. Corporate Security Supply Ltd. Savage Range Systems Maritime Services, Fire and Police FSI Fire Safety International, Inc Gould & Goodrich Leather, Inc. Sciax Technology Inc. Northrop Grumman Public Safety, Inc. Fisher Safety Pro Security Gear Sensors & Software Inc. Paradigm Advanced Technologies, Inc. HAZMASTERS R. Nicholls Distributors Inc Smiths Detection Prairie Geomatics Ltd. IBN Protection Products Spike Camp (DROP ZONE TACTICAL) Sokkia Corporation Sokkia Corporation Levitt-Safety Ltd. Tactical & Survival Specialties, Inc. Tektite Industries, Inc. TriTech Software Systems Malley Industries Inc. Tactical Advantage Teranet Inc. Tripod Data Systems NBC Team Ltd. Taper International Inc Versaterm Inc Patlon Aircraft & Industries Limited Tech-Police.com Form Holders Peltor Communications Tektite Industries, Inc. Triform Business Systems Limited Gloves Reliant Safety Equipment Inc. The Dehner Company 911 Supply Safety Express Ltd. True Traffic Safety General Police Supply Blauer Manufacturing Co. Inc., Safety Tech International, Inc. Tuff Products 911 Supply Department Services Search Systems Inc Uncle Mike’s Law Enforcement Atlantic Police & Security Supply DuPont Canada Inc. Smiths Detection Wolverine Supplies Ltd Boonie Packer Products / JFS, Inc Gander Brands Inc, TEAM-1 Emergency Services Department Services HAZMASTERS TV Equipment HR Consulting/Support Disco-Tech Industries, Inc. HWC Police Equipment Co. Andros Consultants Limited Electric Vehicle Technologies Hatch Corporation Helicopters & Bratton Consulting Inc. HIatt-Thompson Corp Integral Designs Equipment Canadian Police Association IBN Protection Products Law Enforcement Training & Supplies Bell Helicopter CritiCall Software Information Display Company M D Charlton CO LTD Eurocopter Canada Limited Customer Service Excellence Corp Jon/Beau, Inc MILArm Co Ltd Groen Brothers Aviation, Inc. Human Resource Systems Group Ltd LECOR Technologies, LLC Martin & Levesque (1983) Blauer Canada National Helicopters Inc. Our Software Ltd. Lancaster Public Safety Products North Safety Products Ltd. Northern Airborne Technology Ltd., People Schedule Inc. Law Enforcement Training & Supplies Pro Security Gear M D Charlton CO LTD R. Nicholls Distributors Inc Mega Technical Holdings Ltd. Rothco Multis Reflect Inc Safetec of America, Inc. NLnovalink Safety Express Ltd. Paradigm Business Systems SealSkinz Waterproof Gloves & Socks Policepro Inc. Pro Security Gear R. Nicholls Distributors Inc Seals Action Gear SecuriSource Inc. Sensors & Software Inc. Siemann SCI Canada TurtleSkin by Warwick Mills Spike Camp Stewart Products, Inc. Graffiti Eradication TACM III, Inc. 21st Century Coatings Tactical Advantage Q-Star Technology (Canada) Taper International Inc Taser International, Inc. Hats & Head Protection Tech-Police.com Bell Pro Police Products Torfino Enterprises, Inc. Biltmore Corporation True Traffic Safety Blauer Manufacturing Co. Inc., Valley Associates Inc., Deenside Versaterm Inc Emblem Enterprises Viking Police & Security Company GENTEX Zee Medical Canada, Inc. Hatch Corporation Jackson Products Global Positioning MSA - Mine Safety Appliances Systems & Mapping North Safety Products Ltd. ATS Asset Tracking Services, Inc. R. Nicholls Distributors Inc AVeL-TECH Rothco Agnovi Corporation Super Seer Corp. Bowmonk Canada Inc. Hazardous Material Combix Corporation Handling DMTI Spatial Fisher Safety Dialogic Communications Corporation Gander Brands Inc, Digital Engineering Corp HAZMASTERS

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 52 PRODUCT LISTING

Inert Explosive Devices Pacific Safety Products Inc. Pens HWC Police Equipment Co. C-I-L/Orion Tactical & Survival Specialties, Inc. Matte Industries Peerless Handcuff Company Mistral Security, inc SecuriSource Inc. Smith-Wesson NBC Team Ltd. Marine Electronics Strath Craft Limited Taper International Inc Maritime Services, Fire and Police Toronto Police Museum Taser International, Inc. Zak Tools Prairie Geomatics Ltd. Photo Identification Marine - Rigid Hull ComnetiX Computer Systems Inc. Riflescopes Inflatable Boats Henry’s ITT Industries Night Vision IDenticam Systems Zodiac Hurricane Technologies, Inc. Kindermann (Canada) Inc. ImageWare Systems Inc. Sprinco USA Wolverine Supplies Ltd Memo Books Imagis Technologies Inc. Investigative Support Motorola, Integrated Solutions Robots Services Niche Technology EOD Performance Inc. Q-Star Technology (Canada) Axciton Systems, Inc. Everest VIT, Inc. VisionSphere Technologies PW Allen and Company Ltd B.H. Harris Consulting Zebra Card Printer Solutions Bright Star Lighting Products Safety & Rescue ECRI - Environmental Criminology Photography Equipment FDR Forensic Data Recovery Inc. Eos Systems Inc AOI Electrical - the Airbag Switch Fuji Photo Film Alerte Systems International Motorcycles & Supplies Kindermann (Canada) Inc. Argo / Ontario Drive & Gear Limited Polaroid Canada Inc. Atlantic Body Armor Storm Case By Hardigg Bell Pro Police Products White Pine Productions Bright Star Lighting Products C-I-L/Orion Research Inc Promotional Items Ecklund Marketing Group Canadian Safety Equipment Inc. Recovery Force Department Services Siemann SCI Canada Lynn Peavey Company Pelican Products, Inc. (Canada) Electric Vehicle Technologies Surveillance Consultants Bell Pro Police Products FAMCO Ltd Teranet Inc. Bombardier Recreational Products Policepro Inc. Strath Craft Limited FIRE Panel LLC Canadian Kawasaki Motors Inc. FSI Fire Safety International, Inc Jewellery Canadian Wireless Technologies Inc. Publishers, Books, Fisher Safety 911 Unity Deeley Harley-Davidson Canada Printing Flex-O-Lite Limited Blue Line Rings Stewart Products, Inc. Blue Line Magazine GENTEX Dalgas Enterprises Inc Super Seer Corp. Canada Law Book Inc. HAZMASTERS Carswell IBN Protection Products Narcotics Equipment & Inst of Police Technology and Management Indigo Systems Corporation Drug Tests Old Village Press Instant ArmorIntegral Designs davTECH Analytical Services (Canada) Thomson Nelson Jackson Products Axciton Systems, Inc. K9 Storm Inc. HGI Wireless, Inc. Radar & Speed LSH Lights Strath Craft Limited LECOR Technologies, LLC Equipment Laerdal Medical Canada, Ltd. Toronto Police Museum Lynn Peavey Company Atlantic Police & Security Supply Levitt-Safety Ltd. Mistral Security, inc davTECH Analytical Services (Canada) MSA - Mine Safety Appliances Lights - Portable Smiths Detection Decatur Electronics, Inc. Malley Industries Inc. 911 Supply TEAM-1 Emergency Services Electromega Ltd. Maritime Services, Fire and Police Alerte Systems International Flex-O-Lite Limited Mawashi Inc. Armor Holdings Inc Night Vision Equipment Information Display Company Moldex-Metric Inc. Bright Star Lighting Products Current Corporation Kustom Signals, Inc. Multis Reflect Inc Canadian Safety Equipment Inc. Everest VIT, Inc. Laser Technology, Inc. Nautica Rigid Inflatable Boats Mega Technical Holdings Ltd. Corporate Security Supply Ltd. FLIR Systems Ltd. North Safety Products Ltd. Newcon Optik Current Corporation ITT Industries Night Vision PACA Body Armor RU2 Systems, Inc. DORCY Canada Ltd. Indigo Systems Corporation Pacific Safety Products Inc. U.S. Radar, Inc. Flex-O-Lite Limited Kindermann (Canada) Inc. Pelican Products, Inc. (Canada) Peltor Communications Foster & Freeman Maritime Services, Fire and Police Range Supplies LECOR Technologies, LLC Multis Reflect Inc Prairie Geomatics Ltd. CAPS Inc. Reliant Safety Equipment Inc. LSH Lights Newcon Optik Caswell International STC Footwear Pelican Products, Inc. (Canada) PW Allen and Company Ltd Mancom Manufacturing Inc Safety Express Ltd. Policepro Inc. Raytheon Commercial Infrared Savage Range Systems Savage Range Systems R. Nicholls Distributors Inc TACM III, Inc. Sciax Technology Inc. Tactical & Survival Specialties, Inc. Recruitment & Selection Reliant Safety Equipment Inc. Search Systems Inc Tek Gear Andros Consultants Limited SecuriSource Inc. Sokkia Corporation Sound Off, Inc. Zistos Corporation Axciton Systems, Inc. Bratton Consulting Inc. Special Electronics & Designs, Streamlight SureFire TACM III, Inc. Office Equipment Canadian Forces Liaison Council CritiCall Software Tektite Industries, Inc. Tactical Advantage Bioscrypt Inc Human Resource Systems Group Ltd The Ontario Glove Manufacturing Co. Tektite Industries, Inc. Bramic Creative Business Products Niagara University Torfino Enterprises, Inc. Torfino Enterprises, Inc. Concealed Carry Systems, Inc. True Traffic Safety Underwater Kinetics Inc. Counter-Act security Inc. Restraining Devices Unity Manufacturing Company Unity Manufacturing Company Handsfree Advantage Boa Handcuff Company Universal Guardian Corporation KEYper Systems Corporate Security Supply Ltd. Visibility Systems Company Loading & Unloading NLnovalink Deenside Zaviation Inc, Stations Niagara University Discount Handcuff Warehouse Zee Medical Canada, Inc. Disco-Tech Industries, Inc. Windows To Technology Ltd HIatt-Thompson Corp Zistos Corporation

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 53 PRODUCT LISTING

Schools / Institutions The Rotman School of Management Security - Penal Security - Training Baden K-9 The Shooting Edge Institutions Advanced Interactive Systems British Columbia Inst of Tech C-I-L/Orion Alasdair Cook & Associates CDT Training CQB Solutions, Inc. Beamhit LLC CDT Training Deenside Globe Risk International Inc. Deister Electronics, Inc. IBN Protection Products PACA Body Armor Information Network Associates Paradigm Tactical Products Inc. Int. Assn. for Property and Evidence Security - Identification Sequent Technologies John E. Reid and Associates, Inc McMahon’s Dog Training Academy Axciton Systems, Inc. Taper International Inc Modern Warrior Inc. Bioscrypt Inc Taser International, Inc. Pearson Peacekeeping Centre Cogent Systems Inc., Pine Tree ComnetiX Computer Systems Inc. Security - Perimeter S.O.L.E.T.A Controlled Access Systems Inc. Diaphonics, Inc Birmingham Barbed Tape Ltd Sirens & Emergency Deister Electronics, Inc. Emblem Enterprises Bosik Technologies Limited Lighting Inst of Peace and Conflict Studies I.R. Recognition Systems CQB Solutions, Inc. Alerte Systems International Inst of Police Technology and Management IR Security Delta Scientific Code 3 davTECH Analytical Services (Canada) John E. Reid and Associates, Inc Identification Technologies Garda of Canada Deeley Harley-Davidson Canada IR Security Lethbridge Community College ImageWare Systems Inc. Federal Signal Corporation, McMahon’s Dog Training Academy Imagis Technologies Inc. McMahon’s Dog Training Academy LSH Lights Modern Warrior Inc. K9 Storm Inc. Multis Reflect Inc Lancaster Public Safety Products Niagara University LECOR Technologies, LLC Pinnacle Armor Inc. Mega Technical Holdings Ltd. PK Van Bodies Royal Roads University Labcal Protection Development Int. Corp Sound Off, Inc. Mistral Security, inc Q-Star Technology (Canada) S.O.L.E.T.A SureFire SecuriSource Inc. Our Designs, Inc Sonitrol Security Systems Tektite Industries, Inc. Seneca College Tek Gear Winner International TigerLight, Inc. Siemann SCI Canada Zebra Card Printer Solutions Wintron Tech Zaviation Inc,

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 54 PRODUCT LISTING

Surveillance Northrop Grumman Public Safety, Inc. Special Electronics & Designs, SkidCar System, Inc Ascendent Technology Group Inc PEC Solutions, Inc. Spike Camp (DROP ZONE TACTICAL) Sprinco USA AutoVu Technologies Inc. Stewart Products, Inc. Surveillance Consultants Canadian Wireless Technologies Inc. Storm Case By Hardigg Thomson Nelson EOD Performance Inc. Streamlight Universal Guardian Corporation Enhanced Audio Inc. Super Seer Corp. Westervelt College Everest VIT, Inc. SureFire FLIR Systems Ltd. TACM III, Inc. Trauma Scene Cleaning GE Interlogix Video Systems Group Secure Technologies International TV Equipment Kidd Cleaning Services Giga-Tron Associates Ltd. Tactical & Survival Specialties, Inc. Globe Risk International Inc. Tactical Team Tactical Advantage Uniforms & Accessories HGI Wireless, Inc. Equipment Tactical Command Industries, Inc. Aero Mode Etc Identification Technologies Argonaut Armament Ltd Taper International Inc Alpine Joe Sportswear Ltd./ Cadence Imagis Technologies Inc. Armet Armored Vehicles Ltd Taser International, Inc. Atlantic Body Armor Indigo Systems Corporation Armor Holdings Inc Tetragon Tasse Blauer Manufacturing Co. Inc., Instrument Technology, Inc. Atlantic Body Armor The Shooting Edge Concealed Carry Systems, Inc. Kustom Signals, Inc. Bell Pro Police Products TigerLight, Inc. Department Services Leica Optics Birmingham Barbed Tape Ltd Time Domain Elbeco Inc Litco Systems Inc. Boa Handcuff Company Torfino Enterprises, Inc. Emblem Enterprises Micro Video Products Boonie Packer Products / JFS, Inc Trijicon, Inc. Eurotex North America Inc. NLnovalink Bright Star Lighting Products U.S. Armor Corporation Gordon Contract Footwear PW Allen and Company Ltd Bushmaster Firearms, Inc. Uncle Mike’s Law Enforcement Hatch Corporation Q-Star Technology (Canada) CQB Solutions, Inc. Uniform Uniforms Ingo Global Inc. Raytheon Commercial Infrared Canadian Tactical Ltd. Wolverine Supplies Ltd Integral Designs Salient Manufacturing & Security Canadian Wireless Technologies Inc. Law Enforcement Training & Supplies Search Systems Inc Ceramic Protection Corp Telemetry Equipment Martin & Levesque (1983) Blauer Canada Sequent Technologies Communications-Applied Technology Cartel Communication Systems Inc. Nine-One-One Outerwear Smith-Wesson Current Corporation Giga-Tron Associates Ltd. Our Designs, Inc Sound Off, Inc. ECCO Shoes Canada Zetron, Inc. Outdoor Outfits Surveillance Consultants EOD Performance Inc. Peerless Handcuff Company Tactical Command Industries, Inc. FAMCO Ltd Telescoping Masts & Rothco VideoComm Technologies FATS, Inc. Antenna STC Footwear Zistos Corporation First Choice Armor & Equipment, Inc Giga-Tron Associates Ltd. SealSkinz Waterproof Gloves & Socks GENTEX Ticket Holders Secure Distributions Limited Switches and Control Hatch Corporation Triform Business Systems Limited Super Seer Corp. Systems IBN Protection Products Tac Wear Inc. Code 3 Instant Armor Training Aids & Tech-Police.com Combix Corporation K9 Storm Inc. Services Tetragon Tasse Cybermation Systems Inc. LaserMax Andros Consultants Limited Tuff Products Empire Shirt Ltd Law Enforcement Technologies, Inc Baden K-9 Uniform Uniforms Jon/Beau, Inc MSA - Mine Safety Appliances Beamhit LLC Zak Tools LSH Lights Mancom Manufacturing Inc CAPS Inc. PK Van Bodies Mawashi Inc. Customer Service Excellence Corp Vacations Micro Video Products Dalhousie University/Henson College Int. Police Association Region 2 Systems Integration & Mobile Concepts by SCOTTY Detection K-9 of America, LLC Support Newcon Optik Human Resource Systems Group Ltd Vehicle Tracking Advanced Interactive Systems Olympic Arms, Inc. Information Network Associates Equipment Combix Corporation PK Van Bodies Int. Assn. for Property and Evidence ATS Asset Tracking Services, Inc. ComnetiX Computer Systems Inc. Pacific Safety Products Inc. KCS Trauma & Death Scene Cleaning Boomerang Tracking Inc. Controlled Access Systems Inc. Paradigm Tactical Products Inc. Kinwood Audio Visual Inc Bowmonk Canada Inc. Counter-Act security Inc. Pinnacle Armor Inc. LC Technology International, Inc. Combix Corporation Enterpol by Huber & Associates, Inc. Police Ordnance Company Inc Laerdal Medical Canada, Ltd. FLIR Systems Ltd. FDM Software Ltd. Protection Development Int. Corp LaserMax HGI Wireless, Inc. GENTEX Rothco LiveLink Training Network KEYper Systems STC Footwear Mancom Manufacturing Inc Paradigm Advanced Technologies, Inc. Safety Tech International, Inc. Modern Warrior Inc. Paradigm Business Systems Salient Manufacturing & Security Pearson Peacekeeping Centre Prairie Geomatics Ltd. Sciax Technology Inc. Rec-T-Fire Inc. Sherlock Intensive Marketing Inc. SealSkinz Waterproof Gloves & Socks Savage Range Systems Search Systems Inc Securesearch, Inc. Vehicle Restoration Net Cyclops Inc. Secure Distributions Limited Simunition / SNC TEC Emergency Vehicle Restoration

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 55 PRODUCT LISTING

Vehicles - Accessories Tufloc Schweizer Aircraft Corp. Special Electronics & Designs, AOI Electrical - the Airbag Switch Unity Manufacturing Company Sherlock Intensive Marketing Inc. Surveillance Consultants Alerte Systems International Winner International SkidCar System, Inc VideoComm Technologies Bombardier Recreational Products Tremco Police Products Zistos Corporation Bowmonk Canada Inc. Vehicles - Off Road Code 3 Argo / Ontario Drive & Gear Limited Vessels - Accessories Video - Training Crown North America, Bombardier Recreational Products Nautica Rigid Inflatable Boats British Columbia Inst of Tech Data911 Canadian Kawasaki Motors Inc. John E. Reid and Associates, Inc Delmas Manufacturing Ltd DaimlerChrysler Canada Inc. Video - Mobile & Kinwood Audio Visual Inc FIRE Panel LLC Ford Motor Co. of Canada Ltd., Surveillance LiveLink Training Network Federal Signal Corporation, Redline Performance Products, Inc. Ascendent Technology Group Inc Special Electronics & Designs, Ford Motor Co. of Canada Ltd., AutoVu Technologies Inc. White Pine Productions Identification Technologies Vehicles - Specialty Bickford Broadcast Vehicles Information Display Company Argo / Ontario Drive & Gear Limited Carol Products VIP Protection Instant Armor Armet Armored Vehicles Ltd Decatur Electronics, Inc. Alasdair Cook & Associates Jotto Desk BMW Group Everest VIT, Inc. Deeley Harley-Davidson Canada KEYper Systems Bickford Broadcast Vehicles GE Interlogix Video Systems Group Globe Risk International Inc. Kustom Signals, Inc. Bombardier Recreational Products Garda of Canada McMahon’s Dog Training Academy LSH Lights Bosik Technologies Limited Giga-Tron Associates Ltd. Paradigm Tactical Products Inc. Crown North America, Int’l Police Technologies, Inc. DaimlerChrysler Canada Inc. Kustom Signals, Inc. Voice Logging Systems Deeley Harley-Davidson Canada Litco Systems Inc. CVDS Inc. Electric Vehicle Technologies Mega Technical Holdings Ltd. Cartel Communication Systems Inc. Electromega Ltd. Micro Video Products Diaphonics, Inc Emergency Vehicle Restorations Dictaphone Canada Malley Industries Inc. Ford Motor Co. of Canada Ltd., Mobile Concepts by SCOTTY Malley Industries Inc. PK Van Bodies Mavron Inc Scientific Dimensions, Inc. Mobile Concepts by SCOTTY Sound Off, Inc. OBS Inc. Stewart Products, Inc. PK Van Bodies Sciax Technology Inc. Tremco Police Products Protection Development Int. Corp Sonitrol Security Systems The National Inst. of Truth Verification TruckVault Redline Performance Products, Inc. Sony of Canada Windows To Technology Ltd

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 56 PRODUCT LISTING

Weapons - Maintenance Weapons - Training L&R Manufacturing Bickford Broadcast Vehicles Diemaco Alasdair Cook & Associates LaserMax Boomerang Tracking Inc. Dlask Arms Corp Beamhit LLC CISCO Software L&R Manufacturing CAPS Inc. Canadian Police Association NBC Team Ltd. Caswell International Canadian Wireless Technologies Inc. Olympic Arms, Inc. Diemaco Cartel Communication Systems Inc. Sprinco USA FATS, Inc. Communications-Applied Technology Weapons - Non-Lethal Globe Risk International Inc. David Clark Company Inc LaserMax Giga-Tron Associates Ltd. Armor Holdings Inc Modern Warrior Inc. Handsfree Advantage Defense Aerosols Inc Pine Tree MILArm Co Ltd Jackson Products Olympic Arms, Inc. Pinnacle Armor Inc. Remington Arms Gravel Agency Kenwood Electronics Canada Inc. Pine Tree S.O.L.E.T.A Savage Range Systems Kontron Mobile Computing, Inc. Police Ordnance Company Inc Security Equipment Corporation Seals Action Gear M/A-COM, Inc. Security Equipment Corporation Simunition / SNC TEC Security Equipment Corporation Miad Systems Inc Simunition / SNC TEC Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc. Micro Video Products Taser International, Inc. Sigarms TigerLight, Inc. Midian Electronics Tech-Police.com Smith-Wesson Zarc International Inc., Motorola Canada Inc., Tetragon Tasse Sprinco USA Net Cyclops Inc. TigerLight, Inc. Storm Case By Hardigg Weapons & Accessories NetMotion Wireless Universal Guardian Corporation Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc. Argonaut Armament Ltd Peltor Communications Winner International TACM III, Inc. ArmaLite Inc Pentax USA Zarc International Inc., Tetragon Tasse Bushmaster Firearms, Inc. Radio IP Software Inc. Weapons - Security CQB Solutions, Inc. The Shooting Edge Sequent Technologies Adanac Security & Specialty Services Canadian Tactical Ltd. Trijicon, Inc. Sierra Wireless, Inc. Bushmaster Firearms, Inc. Concealed Carry Systems, Inc. Winchester Ammunition Symbol Technologies Canada ULC Jon/Beau, Inc DSM Law Enforcement Products Wolverine Supplies Ltd TV Equipment Olympic Arms, Inc. Defense Aerosols Inc XS Sight Systems, Inc. Telex Communications Inc. Security Equipment Corporation Diemaco Tuff Products Spacesaver Corporation Disco-Tech Industries, Inc. Wireless Unity Manufacturing Company Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc. Dlask Arms Corp Communications Versaterm Inc TigerLight, Inc. Eurotex North America Inc. AOI Electrical - the Airbag Switch VideoComm TruckVault First Samco ATS Asset Tracking Services, Inc. Technologies Tufloc Glock Inc Antenex Inc. Zetron, Inc. Zarc International Inc., Hirsch Precision Bell Mobility xwave

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 57 CORPORATE LISTING

21st Century Coatings Andros Consultants Limited Austech Development Inc. Biltmore Corporation 284 St. James Street P.O.Box 205 703 Evans Ave. 139 Morris Street London ON N6A-1X3 Morriston Ontario N0B 2C0 Etobicoke ON M9C 5E9 Guelph ON N1H 6L7 519-434-0395 fax: 519-434-1534 519-766-1178 fax: 519-766-0379 416-621-5151 fax: 416-621-4668 519-836-2770 fax: 519-836-2774

4thWatch Systems Inc Antenex Inc. AutoVu Technologies Inc. Bioscrypt Inc 2 Lansing Square 2000-205 Bloomingdale Rd. 300 St. Sacrement 5450 Explorer Drive Toronto Ontario M2J 4P8 Glendale Heights Ill 60139 Montreal QC H2Y 1X4 Mississauga ON L4W 5M1 416-484-6608 fax: 416-484-9610 630-351-9007 fax: 630-351-9009 514-843-5212 fax: 514-843-5272 905-624-7700 fax: 905-624-7742 AOI Electrical - the Airbag Switch AVeL-TECH Birmingham Barbed Tape Ltd 911 Supply 715 Katy Road #603 2525 Daniel-Johnson Boulevard 20557 Winston Churchill Blvd 4327A Manhattan Rd. S.E. Keller Texas 76266 Laval QC H7T 1S9 Alton ON L0N 1A0 Calgary Alberta T2G-4B1 888-903-0004 fax: 817-337-5073 450-682-6262 fax: 450-682-8117 519-941-4415 fax: 519-942-1334 403-287-1911 fax: 403-287-9740 Aquila Software Axciton Systems, Inc. Blauer Manufacturing Co. Inc., 911 Unity P. O. Box 540207 2825 Wilcrest Dr. 20 Aberdeen St., 1108 Birchcliff Crescent Lake Worth FL 33454-0207 Houston TX 77042 Boston Ma 02215 Orillia ON L3V-6H4 800-773-5238 fax: 561-439-5409 713-789-8245 800-225-6715 fax: 617-536-6948 877-470-1420 fax: 705-329-2777 Argo / Ontario Drive & Gear Limited Blue Line Rings 220 Bergey Court 59 Mark Pl New Hamburg Ontario N3A 2J5 B Hamilton Ontario L8W 2P8 A 519-662-2840 fax: 519-662-2421 B.H. Harris Consulting 905-383-2099 Adanac Security&Specialty Services 140 King Street West 40 Lennox Dr Po. Box 602 Argonaut Armament Ltd Gananoque ON K7G 2G4 BMW Group Barrie Ontario L4M-4V1 PO Box 27020, Tuscany RPO 613-382-3629 920 Champlain Court 800-461-9610 fax: 705-733-0058 Calgary Alberta T3L 2Y1 Whitby ON L1N-6K9 403-249-2246 fax: 403-663-8082 Baden K-9 905-683-1200 fax: 905-428-5446 Advance Financial P.O. Box 106 ArmaLite Inc 502 Brookmill Cres. Wellandport ON L0R 1Y0 Boa Handcuff Company PO BOX 299 101 Commercial Street Waterloo Ontario N2V 2M1 905-562-3095 fax: 905-562-4242 519-747-1493 fax: 519-747-5144 Geneseo IL 61254 Plainview NY 11803 309-944-6939 fax: 309-944-6949 516-576-0295 fax: 516-576-0100 Bates Uniform Footwear Advanced Interactive Systems Armet Armored Vehicles Ltd 9341 Courtland Drive Bombardier Recreational Products 565 Andover Park W Suite 201 Rockford Michigan 49351 Seattle WA 98188-3321 20557 Winston Churchill Blvd 565 de la Montagne street Alton ON L0N 1A0 616-866-5500 fax: 616-866-5658 800-441-4487 fax: 206-575-8665 Valcourt Quebec J0E 2L0 519-941-4415 fax: 519-942-1334 450-532-2211 Beamhit LLC Aero Mode Etc Armor Holdings Inc 10220 Old Columbia Rd. Boomerang Tracking Inc. #5-154-Norfinch Drive 133186 International Parkway Columbia MD 21046 9280 de l’Acadie Boulevard Downsview Ontario M3N 1X6 Jacksonville FL 32218 410-309-1500 fax: 410-309-1506 Montreal Quebec H4N 3C5 416-739-7953 800-428-0588 fax: 800-432-7019 877-777-8722 fax: 514-385-4719 Bell Helicopter Agnovi Corporation Artcal Graphics & Screen Printing 12,800 l ‘Avenir Boonie Packer Products / JFS, Inc 800 Industrial Avenue 779 Industrial Road Mirabel Quebec J7J 1R4 PO Box 12517 Ottawa Ontario K4C 1B8 London ON N5V 3N5 450-437-2729 fax: 450-437-2006 Salem OR 97309 613-232-3919 fax: 613-822-8123 519-453-6010 fax: 519-453-3617 503-581-3244 fax: 503-581-3191 Alasdair Cook & Associates Bell Mobility Ascendent Technology Group Inc 262 Britannia Rd., Bosik Technologies Limited Suite #432, 930 Baker ST. S. 2495 Del Zotto Avenue Calgary Alberta T3A 5K8 Mississauga, Ontario L4Z 1S6 Cranbrook BC V1C 4R5 905-890-0000 fax: 905-890-1949 Ottawa Ontario K1T 3V6 403-561-9391 fax: 403-374-0218 250-426-8100 fax: 250-426-8170 613-822-8898 fax: 613-822-3672 Bell Pro Police Products Alerte Systems International Atlantic Body Armor Bowmonk Canada Inc. 2675 Industrial Drive Building 102 243 S. Madison Ave. 3005 Matte Boulevard Suite 352, 15-6400 Millcreek Drive Ogden Utah 84401 Loveland CO 80537 Brossard Quebec J4Y 2P4 Mississauga Ontario L5N 3E7 877-876-5423 fax: 801-627-0746 700-728-1536 fax: 800-635-1536 450-659-3334 fax: 450-659-3336 905-858-9242 fax: 905-858-9291

Alpine Joe Sportswear Ltd. Atlantic Police & Security Supply Bellwood Health Services Inc Bramic Creative Business Products 1859 Franklin St. 99 Rocky Lake Drive, Unit 11 1020 Mc Nicoll Ave 5205 Sideline 14 Vancouver BC V5L 1P9 Bedford Nova Scotia B4A 2T3 Toronto ON M1W 2J6 Claremont ON L1Y 1A1 604-251-3843 fax: 604-251-2246 902-835-1819 fax: 902-835-2470 800-387-6198 fax: 416-495-0926 905-649-2732 fax: 905-649-2734

ALTAMA Footwear Atlas Business Solutions, Inc. Bianchi International Bratton Consulting Inc. 3399 Peachtree Road, Suite 820 3330 Fiechtner Dr., SW 27969 Jefferson Avenue 700 Richmond Street, Suite 400 Atlanta GA 30326 Fargo ND 58103 Temecula CA 92590 London ON N6A 5C7 404-260-2888 fax: 404-260-2889 800-874-8801 fax: 701-280-0842 909-676-5621 fax: 909-676-6777 519-679-2774 fax: 519-679-5069

AMREL Systems LLC ATS Asset Tracking Services, Inc. Bickford Broadcast Vehicles Bright Star Lighting Products 11801 Goldring Road 100, 634-6th Ave. S.W. 4313 Walney Road 380 Stewart Road Arcadia CA 91006 Calgary Alberta T2P 0S4 Chantilly VA 20151 Hanover Township PA 18706 800-882-6735 fax: 626-303-8538 403-213-5577 fax: 403-262-7169 800-443-0512 fax: 703-818-9090 570-825-1900 fax: 570-825-7108

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 58 CORPORATE LISTING

British Columbia Inst of Tech Carruthers Shaw & Partners ComnetiX Computer Systems Inc. 3700 Willingdon Avenue 2345 Yonge St Ste 200 2872 Bristol Circle D Burnaby BC V5G 3H2 Toronto ON M4P 2E5 Oakville Ontario L6H 6G4 604-412-7539 fax: 604-436-5762 416-482-5002 fax: 416-482-5040 905-829-9988 fax: 905-829-1944 DaimlerChrysler Canada Inc. 6500 Mississauga Road Mississauga Ontario L5N 1A8 Bushmaster Firearms, Inc. Carswell Concealed Carry Systems, Inc. 999 Roosevelt Trail One Corporate Plaza 2708 North 68th Street, Ste. # 2 800-463-3600 fax: 905-821-6020 Windham ME 04062 Toronto ON M1T 3V4 Scottsdale AZ 85257 207-892-3594 fax: 207 892-8068 800 387 5351 fax: 877 750 9041 480-423-6848 fax: 480-423-9551 Dalgas Enterprises Inc 115 Main Street S. Lower Level Cartel Communication Systems Inc. Gerogetown Ontario L7G 3E5 Business Watch International Conrad Grebel University College 9415 - 202 Street 6847 Rochdale Blvd. 140 Westmount Rd N 905-873-4936 fax: 905-873-9072 Langley BC V1M 4B5 Waterloo ON N2L 3G6 Regina SK S4X 2Z2 604-888-9711 fax: 604-888-2712 306-525-0294 fax: 306-543-5506 519-885-0220 fax: 519-885-0014 Dalhousie University/Henson College 6100 University Avenue Caswell International Constable Cigar Co Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 3J5 720 Industrial Dr. RR 2 902-494-6930 fax: 902-494-2598 C Cary IL 60013 Grand Valley ON L0N 1G0 C-I-L/Orion 847-639-7474 fax: 847-639-7831 877-229-2247 fax: 519-928-2055 Danner Inc 533 Argenteuil 18550 NE Riverside Parkway CDT Training Lachute Quebec J8H 3Y2 Controlled Access Systems Inc. Portland OR 97230 108 Lakeshore Road East 450-566-0655 fax: 450 566 0677 1151 Gorham Street 503-251-1100 fax: 503-251-1119 Port Credit Ontario L5G-1E3 Newmarket Ontario L3Y 7V1 905-278-8391 fax: 905-278-3675 Canada Law Book Inc. 905-715-7976 fax: 905-895-0364 Data911 240 Edward Street Ceramic Protection Corp 2021 Challenger Drive Aurora ON L4G 3S9 Corporate Security Supply Ltd. Alameda California 94501 3905-32 Street NE 891 Century Street, Unit D 905-841-6472 fax: 905-841-5078 510-865-9100 fax: 510-865-9090 Calgary AB T1Y 7C1 Winnipeg MB R3H 0M3 403 250-0502 fax: 403 735-1001 800.563.5566 fax: 204.989.1010 Canadian Forces Liaison Council David Clark Company Inc National Defence Headquarters CISCO Software Counter-Act security Inc. 360 Franklin Street Ottawa Ontario K1A 0K2 5305 Gulf Drive 517 Albright Road Worcester MA 01615-0054 613-992-3284 fax: 613-996-1618 New Port Richey FL 34652 Uxbridge Ontario L9P 1R4 800-900-3434 fax: 508-753-5827 800-862-2627 fax: 727-816-9505 905-649-2652 fax: 905-649-3781 Canadian Kawasaki Motors Inc. davTECH Analytical Services (Canada) 25 Lesmill Rd CMI Inc. CQB Solutions, Inc. 130-A Industrial Avenue Toronto Ontario M3B 2T3 316 East 9th St. 1107 E. Douglas Ave. Carleton Place ON K7C 3T2 416-445-7775 fax: 416-445-5389 Owensboro Kentucky 42303 Visalia CA 93292 613-253-7000 fax: 613-253-0023 866-835-0690 559-635-1172 fax: 559-553-8835 Canadian Police Association Decatur Electronics, Inc. Suite 100 Code 3 Crimestar Corporation 715 Bright Street Ottawa Ontario K2P 1C3 P.O. Box 120 P.O. BOX 53435 Decatur Illinois 62522 613-231-4168 fax: 613-231-3254 Dewinton AB T0L 0X0 San Jose California 95153 217-428-4315 fax: 217-428-5302 403-938-5348 fax: 403-938-5274 408-362-1651 fax: 408-362-0852 Canadian Process Serving Inc. Deeley Harley-Davidson Canada Cogent Systems Inc., 605-175 Hunter Street East CritiCall Software 830 Edgeley Boulevard Hamilton Ontario L8N 4E7 209 Fair Oaks Ave., 2868 Prospect Park Drive - Suite 110 South Pasadena, Ca. 91030 Concord Ontario L4K 4X1 800-465-7378 fax: 866-837-0331 Ranch Cordova CA 95670 905-660-3500 fax: 905-660-3372 626-799-8090 fax: 626-799-8996 800-999-0438 Canadian Safety Equipment Inc. Deenside Cognitech Inc Crown North America, 111 - 2465 Cawthra Road Meadows House 225 S Lake Ave 210 Resdale Blvd., Mississauga ON L5A 3P2 Northhampton UK NN1-4JE PASADENA CA 91101 Toronto, Ontario. M9W 1R2 800-265-0182 fax: 905-272-1865 44 (0) 1604-633260 626-796-0326 fax: 626-796-7873 416-741-4601 fax: 416-741-9931 Canadian Tactical Ltd. Combix Corporation Current Corporation Defense Aerosols Inc PO Box 632 Station Main 811 E Plano Parkway 106 Gibraltar Bay Drive Calgary Alberta T2P 2J3 2933 Murray Street Plano TX 75074 Victoria BC V9B 6M2 403-277-5184 fax: 403-699-0025 Port Moody BC V3H 1X3 972-422-1413 fax: 972-422-0132 604-461-5555 fax: 604-461-5525 250 472-3869 fax: 250 472-1940 Canadian Wireless Technologies Inc. Command Force Customer Service Excellence Corp Deister Electronics, Inc. 17820 - 100A Avenue 777 Norquay Drive 21 Four Seasons Place 1099 Kingston Road, Suite 212 Surrey BC V4N 5C8 Winkler MB R6W 2S2 Toronto On N9B 6J8 Pickering Ontario L1V 1B5 604-589-3822 fax: 604-648-8712 204-331-4320 fax: 204-325-8657 800-557-6832 fax: 416-622-7476 905-837-5666 fax: 905-837-0777

CAPS Inc. Commission on Accreditiation (CALEA) CVDS Inc. Delmas Manufacturing Ltd C.P. 312 10302 Eaton Place Ste 100 117 Brunswick Blvd. Box 500 Hwy 16 & Main Roxboro Quebec H8Y 3K4 Fairfax VA 22030-2215 Pointe-Claire QC H9R 5N2 Delmas SK S0M 0P0 514-696-8591 fax: 514-696-2348 800-368-3757 fax: 703-591-2206 514-426-7879 fax: 514-426-3511 306-445-5562 fax: 306-445-9842

Carol Products Communications-Applied Technology Cybermation Systems Inc. Delta Scientific 1750 Brielle Ave 11250-14 Roger Bacon Drive 22 - 11151 Horseshoe Way 24901 West Ave. Stanford Ocean NJ 07712 Reston VA 20190-5202 Richmond BC V7A 4S5 Valencia CA 91355 732-918-8111 fax: 732-918-9051 703-481-0068 fax: 703-471-4428 604-448-8829 fax: 604-448-8827 661-257-1800 fax: 661-257-0617

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 59 CORPORATE LISTING

Department Services Dunlop Architects Inc. Enhanced Audio Inc. FIRE Panel LLC 316 Fawn Ridge North 477 Mount Pleasant Road, Suite 500 3600 Board Rd. 7898 E. Acoma Drive Harrisburg PA 17110 Toronto ON M4S 2L9 York PA 17402 Scottsdale AZ 85260 717-540-3437 fax: 717-540-1610 416-596-6666 fax: 416-596-7892 717-764-9240 fax: 717-764-9254 480-607-0595 fax: 480-778-1773

Detection K-9 of America, LLC DuPont Canada Inc. Enterpol by Huber & Associates, Inc. First Choice Armor & Equipment, Inc 3106 S Hwy 101 P.O. Box 2200 Streetsville 1300 Edgewood Drive 764 N. Main Street Bridgeport TX 76426-6152 Mississauga ON L5M-2H3 Jefferson City MO 65109 940-683-8251 fax: 775-942-5126 Brockton MA 02301 905-821-5858 fax: 905-821-5177 573-634-5000 fax: 573-634-5500 508-559-0777 fax: 508-941-6841 Diagnostix Ltd. EOD Performance Inc. First Responder Whistler Vacations 400 Matheson Blvd. E. 5459 Canotek Road Unit #2 E P.O. Box 891 Mississauga Ontario L4Z 1N8 Ottawa ON K1J 9M3 Ebik Id Solutions Inc. 905-890-6023 fax: 905-890-6024 613-747-3590 fax: 613-747-0723 Whistler BC V0N 1B0 14 Terry Fox Drive 604-935-4217 fax: 604-935-1210 Dialogic Communications Corporation Vankleek Hill ON K0B 1R0 Eos Systems Inc 730 Cool Springs Blvd. 613-678-6310 fax: 613-678-3589 101-1847 West Broadway First Samco Franklin TN 37067 Vancouver BC V6J 1Y6 20557 Winston Churchill Blvd. 615-790-2882 fax: 615-790-1329 ECCO Shoes Canada 604-732-6658 fax: 604-732-6642 Alton ON L0N 1A0 50 McIntosh Dr. Suite 110 519-941-4415 fax: 519-942-1334 Diaphonics, Inc Markham ON L3R 9T3 ESRI Canada 313-5595 Fenwick St 905-475-9444 fax: 905-475-9405 Halifax NS B3H 4M2 49 Gervais Drive Fischer Consulting Inc 902-446-3671 fax: 902-446-3662 Toronto Ontario M3C 1Y9 1600 Airport Freeway, Suite 378 Ecklund Marketing Group 416-441-6035 fax: 416-441-6838 Bedford Texas 76022 573 King Street East 817 399 0562 fax: 817 399 0568 Dictaphone Canada Hamilton Ontario L8N 1E4 2355 Skymark Ave. Eurocopter Canada Limited 905-528-1074 fax: 905-522-6349 Mississauga ON L4W 4Y6 Box 250 Fisher Safety 905-625-0300 fax: 905-625-7885 Fort Erie ON L2A 5M9 112 Colonnade Road eConcordia 905-871-7772 fax: 905-871-3599 Ottawa ON K2E 7L6 1250 Guy St. Diemaco 877-676-3639 fax: 866-228-4615 1036 Wilson Ave Montreal QC H3H 2T4 Eurotex North America Inc. 514-848-8770 fax: 514-848-4543 Kitchener ON N2C 1J3 955 Wilson Avenue, Unit 3 Fitzco Inc., 519-893-6840 fax: 519-893-3144 Toronto Ontario M3K 2A8 5600 Pioneer Creek Dr., ECRI-Environ’l Criminology Research 416-782-0100 fax: 416-782-8262 Maple Plain, Mn. 55359 Digital Engineering Corp Suite 212 - 1807 Maritime Mews 800-367-8760 fax: 763-479-2880 125 Cathedral St. Vancouver BC V6H 3W7 Everest VIT, Inc. Annapolis MD 21401 604-718-2060 fax: 604-718-2051 199 Highway 206 Flex-O-Lite Limited 410-295-3333 fax: 410-295-3418 Flanders NJ 07836-4500 15 Flex-O-Lite Road Elbeco Inc 973-448-0077 fax: 973-448-0044 Disco-Tech Industries, Inc. P.O. Box 13099 St. Thomas On N5P 3N5 PO Box 33004 Reading PA 19612 Evin Industries Ltd. 800-265-2771 fax: 519-631-9235 West Vancouver BC V7V 4W7 610-921-0651 fax: 610-920-8651 55 Mont Royal Ave West #301 877-829-1050 fax: 604-985-8380 Montreal Quebec H2T 2S6 FLIR Systems Ltd. Electric Vehicle Technologies 514-288-6233 fax: 514-287-1554 5230 South Service Road Ste 215 Discount Handcuff Warehouse 7320 N. Linder Avenue Burlington Ontario L7L 5K2 222 W 21st St, Suite 151 Skokie IL 60077 800-613-0507 fax: 905-639-5488 Norfolk VA 23517 800-358-8345 fax: 847-675-1827 888-346-9732 fax: 757-313-5677 F Ford Motor Co. of Canada Ltd., Electromega Ltd. FAMCO Ltd The Canadian Road, Dlask Arms Corp 760 Pacific Rd 6280 Main Street 202B - 1546 Derwent Way Oakville, On. L6J 5E4 Oakville ON L6L 6M5 Stouffville ON L4A 1G7 905-845-2511 fax: 905-845-9591 Delta BC V3M 6M4 905-847-5458 fax: 905-847-6789 905-640-1477 fax: 905-642-1450 604-527-9942 fax: 604 527-9982 Forensic Technology WAI Inc. Emblem Enterprises FATS, Inc. DMTI Spatial 5757 Cavendish Boulevard, Suite 200 P O Box 10033 7340 McGinnis Ferry Road, 625 Cochrane Drive Cote St. Luc QC H4W 2W8 Van Nuys CA 91410-0033 Suwanee Georgia 30174-1247 Markham ON L3R 9R9 514-489-4247 fax: 514-485-9336 800-444-5561 fax: 818-716-6272 800-813-9046 fax: 770-813-3501 905-948-2000 fax: 905-948-9404 Emergency Vehicle Restorations FDM Software Ltd. Foster & Freeman Dolch Canada 46030 Manekin Plaza 170 Ambassador Drive PO Box 878 814 West 15th Street Chatham ON N7M 5J3 North Vancouver BC V7P 1M6 Sterling VA 20166 Mississauga ON L5T 2H9 888-445-5048 fax: 888-445-5049 905-795-1544 fax: 905-795-1548 519-352-6200 fax: 519-352-6284 604-986-9941 fax: 604-986-7130 FSI Fire Safety International, Inc DORCY Canada Ltd. Emond Montgomery Publications FDR Forensic Data Recovery Inc. 861 West Bagley Rd. 3375 North Service Road Unit D4-D5 60 Shaftesbury Ave 210-612 View Street BURLINGTON ON L7N 3G2 Toronto ON M4T 1A3 Victoria BC V8W 1J5 Berea Ohio 44017 905-319-3934 fax: 905-319-2738 416-975-3925 fax: 416-975-3924 250-382-9700 fax: 250-382-9760 440-891-1523 fax: 440-891-1562

DSM Law Enforcement Products Empire Shirt Ltd Federal Signal Corporation, Fuji Photo Film 14 Robb Blvd 451, St-Laurent 2645 Federal Signal Way, 600 Suffolk Crt Orangeville Ontario L9W 3L2 Louiseville Quebec J5V 2L8 University Park, Il. 60466 Mississauga ON l5r 4g4 866-276-0445 fax: 519-941-4184 819-228-2821 fax: 819-228-8391 800-264-3578 fax: 800-682-8022 905-755-2782 fax: 905-890-7644

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 60 CORPORATE LISTING

HAZMASTERS IBN Protection Products Int. Assn. for Property and Evidence G 1915 Clements Road 77 Quaker Ridge Road 903 N. San Fernando Blvd. Suite 4 Pickering ON L1W 3V1 New Rochelle NY 10583 Burbank CA 91504-4327 Gander Brands Inc, 800-434-7065 fax: 905-427-9901 914-738-0400 fax: 914-738-4474 818-846-2926 fax: 818-846-4543 14556-121A Ave., Edmonton Alta T5L 4L2 HD Brown Enterprises Ltd Int. Police Association Region 2 780-452-1320 fax: 780-447-4454 IDenticam Systems 23 Beverly St E 11-30 Royal Crest Court 75 Gardentree St St George ON N0E 1N0 Toronto ON M1E 2G6 Garda of Canada Markham Ontario L3R 9W8 800-265-0777 fax: 519-448-3159 416-282-0395 6535 Millcreek Drive 905-513-0373 fax: 905-513-0376 Mississauga Ontario L5N 2M2 HeartZap Services Inc Integral Designs 866-813-8844 Identification Technologies PO Box 21465 1495 NW Gilman Blvd 5516 - 3rd Street SE GE Interlogix Access Control Systems North Bay ON P1B-8K6 Issaquah WA 98027 Calgary AB T2H 1J9 791 Park of Commerce Blvd, Suite 100 705-494-8488 425-837-1709 fax: 425-837-1770 403-640-1445 fax: 403-640 1444 Boca Raton FL 33487 561-998-6100 fax: 561-994-6572 Henry’s ImageWare Systems Inc. InTime Solutions, Inc. 119 Church St. 10883 Thornmint Road 203-4165 Dawson Street GE Interlogix Video Systems Group Toronto Ontario M5M 1X5 San Diego CA 92127 Burnaby BC V5C 4B3 877-603-2830 fax: 604-713-8588 4575 Research Way, Ste.250 416-868-0872 fax: 416-868-0243 858-673-8600 fax: 858-673-1770 Corvallis OR 97333 HGI Wireless, Inc. Intoximeters, Inc 541-754-9133 fax: 541-754-7162 Imagis Technologies Inc. 160 Traders Blvd 8110 Lackland Road 1630 - 1075 West Georgia Street GENTEX Mississiauga ON L4Z 3K7 Saint Louis MO 63114 Vancouver BC V6E 3C9 837 Rowantree Crescent 866-768-4771 fax: 905-502-5159 314-429-4000 fax: 314-429-4170 604-684-2449 fax: 604-684-9314 Kingston Ontario K7P 1P6 613-384-5303 fax: 613-384-5303 Hi-Tec Intervention Inc. Investment Planning Counsel of Canada Indigo Systems Corporation 889 Marie Victorin 98 Queen Street 50 Castillian Drive Giga-Tron Associates Ltd. St-Nicolas QC G7A 3T3 Brampton ON L6X-1A4 968 St Laurent Blvd 888-709-4400 fax: 800-309-4779 Goleta CA 93117 905-813-2759 Ottawa ON K1K 3B3 805-964-9797 fax: 805-685-2711 613-747-4114 fax: 613-747-3474 Hi-Tec Sports Canada IR Security 326 Watline Avenue Information Display Company 575 Birch Street GiveMePower Corp. Mississauga Ontario L4Z 1X2 PO Box 19640 Forestville CT 06010 Ste., 230, 5925-12 Street, SE 800-465-5766 fax: 888-484-4832 Portland OR 97280 866-322-1237 fax: 866-322-1233 Calgary Alberta T2H 2M3 800-421-8325 fax: 503-678-2863 403-287-6001 fax: 403-287-6002 HIatt-Thompson Corp ISYS Search Software 7200 W. 66th St Information Network Associates 8775 E, Orchard Rd. #811 Globe Risk International Inc. Bedford Park Il 60638 5235 North Front Street Englewood CO 80111 Suite 1205 708-496-8585 fax: 708-496-8618 Harrisburg PA 17110 800-992-4797 fax: 303-689-9997 Toronto Ontario M5J 2N8 717-599-5505 fax: 717-599-5507 416-368-4118 fax: 416-678-8572 Hirsch Precision ITT Industries Night Vision Ingo Global Inc. Glock Inc 34 Johnson Ave. 7635 Plantation Road 6000 Highlands Parkway Timberlea NS B3T 1E3 57 Schaefer St. Roanoke Virginia 24019 Smyrna GA 30082 902-876-8690 fax: 902-431-6326 Waterloo On N2L 4C4 540-362-8000 fax: 540-366-9015 770-432-1202 fax: 770-433-1532 519-884-8180 fax: 519-884-0287 Hornady Gordon Contract Footwear Box 490, 103 Stockton pt. Inst of Peace and Conflict Studies J Okotoks Alberta T1S 1A7 Conrad Grebel University College, 552 Queen St. W. Jackson Products Toronto ON M5V 2B5 403-938-3255 fax: 403-938-2722 University of Waterloo 801 Corporate Drive 416-504-5503 fax: 416-504-6818 Waterloo ON N2L 3G6 St. Charles MO 63304 Human Resource Systems Group Ltd 519-885-0220 fax: 519-885-0014 636 300 3700 fax: 636 300 2885 Gould & Goodrich Leather, Inc. 402-1355 Bank Street 709 E. McNeil Street Ottawa ON K1H 8K7 Inst of Police Technology and Mgmt. JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. Lillington NC 27546 613-745-6605 fax: 613-745-4019 University of North Florida 910-893-2071 fax: 910-893-4742 5505 W. Chandler Blvd. Jacksonville Florida 32224-2678 Chandler Arizona 85226 HWC Police Equipment Co. 904-620-4786 fax: 904-620-2453 Groen Brothers Aviation, Inc. 23 Denton Ave 480-705-4200 fax: 480-705-4216 2640 W. California Ave., Suite A New Hyde Park NY 11040 Instant Armor Salt Lake City Utah 84104-4593 516-352-7400 fax: 516-352-7704 John E. Reid and Associates, Inc 801-973-0177 fax: 801-973-4027 350 E. Easy Street 250 S. Wacker Drive Simi Valley CA 93065 Chicago Illinois 60606 H I 805-526-3046 fax: 805-526-9213 312-876-1600 fax: 312-876-1743 I.R. Recognition Systems Instrument Technology, Inc. Jon/Beau, Inc Handsfree Advantage 1520 Dell Avenue P.O. Box 381 PO BOX 335 6604 - 111 Avenue Westfield MA 01086 Edmonton Alberta T5B 0A6 Campbell CA 95008 Weymouth MA 02188 413-562-3606 fax: 413-568-9809 780-718-7926 fax: 780-474-6776 408-341-4100 fax: 408-341-4101 781-335-0372 fax: 781-735-0424

Hatch Corporation i2 Inc. Int’l Police Technologies, Inc. Jotto Desk 1600 Emerson Avenue 6551 Loisdale Court P.O. Box 472126 209 W Easy St. Oxnard California 93033 Springfield VA 22150 Tulsa OK 74147 Rogers AR 72756 805-486-6489 fax: 805-486-7133 703-921-0195 fax: 703-921-0196 918-628-1655 fax: 918-628-1655 877-455-6886 fax: 479-936-8620

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 61 CORPORATE LISTING

Labelnet Inc Litco Systems Inc. McMahon’s Dog Training Academy K 15 Main St. 500 Cochrane Dr. Suite A 7868 Oakwood D-2 Cambridge ON N1R-7G8 Markham ON L3R 8E2 Niagara Falls Ontario L2E-6S5 K9 Storm Inc. 519-740-8900 fax: 519-740-8919 905-470-6366 fax: 905-470-6394 905-358-4515 3rd Floor, 110 McDermot Ave Winnipeg MB R3B 0R8 Laerdal Medical Canada, Ltd. LiveLink Training Network Med-Eng Systems Inc. 204-669-8199 fax: 204-668-2291 151 Nashdene Rd. Ste. 45 c/o TPS 2400 St. Laurent Blvd. Toronto ON M1V 4C3 Toronto Ontario M5G 2J3 Ottawa ON K1G 6C4 Kaba Benzing 416-298-9600 fax: 416-298-8016 613-739-9646 fax: 613-739-4536 5753 Miami Lakes Drive 416-808-4336 fax: 416-808-8182 Miami Lakes FL 33014 Lancaster Public Safety Products Medtronic Physio -Control 305-819-4000 fax: 305-819-4001 Lloyd Libke Law Enforcement Sales 20557 Winston Churchill Blvd 19 Ingram Drive 6733 Kitimat Road Mississauga ON L5N-1W3 Alton ON L0N 1A0 Toronto On M6M-2L7 Kanotech Information Systems Ltd. 519-941-4415 fax: 519-942-1334 800-217-1617 fax: 905-816-5346 200, 17704-103 Av NW 416-242-3257 fax: 416-242-2829 Edmonton AB T5S 1J9 Laser Labs Mega Technical Holdings Ltd. LSH Lights 780-455-9197 fax: 780-452-4183 454 First Parish Rd 6909 76 Avenue 15160 W. Catalina Drive Scituate MA 02066 Edmonton Alberta T6B 0A9 KCS Trauma & Death Scene Cleaning 508-923-6416 fax: 508-923-1985 Goodyear AZ 85338 780-438-9330 fax: 780-435-7606 2377 Highway 2 877-479-2838 fax: 561-431-2618 Bowmanville ON L1C 5E2 Laser Technology, Inc. Miad Systems Inc 905-242-7411 fax: 905-623-6317 7070 S. Tucson Way Lynn Peavey Company 43 Riviera Drive Centennial CO 80112 14865 W 105th St Markham Ontario L3R 5J6 Kenwood Electronics Canada Inc. 800-280-6113 fax: 303-649-9710 Lenexa KS 66215 905-479-0214 fax: 905-479-9472 6070 Kestrel Road 800-255-6499 fax: 913-495-6787 Mississauga ON L5T 1S8 LaserMax Micro Video Products 905-670-7211 fax: 905-670-7248 3495 Winton Pl. One Mill Line Road Rochester NY 14623 Bobcaygeon Ontario K0M 1A0 KEYper Systems M 585-272-5420 fax: 585-272-5427 705-738-1755 fax: 705-738-5484 PO Box 44210 M D Charlton CO LTD Charlotte NC 28215 Unit B 2200 Keating Cross RD Law Enforcement Technologies, Inc MicroSurvey Software, Inc. 800-399-7888 fax: 704-566-9114 1029 S. Sierra Madre Victoria BC V8M 1R3 866-652-2877 fax: 250-652-4700 2300 Carrington Road, Suite 110 Colorado Springs CO 80906 Westbank BC V4T 2N6 Kidd Cleaning Services 719-380-5557 fax: 719-380-9075 800-668-3312 fax: 250-707-0150 2377 Hwy 2 Unit 120 Box 123 M/A-COM, Inc. Bowmanville ON L1C 5E2 Law Enforcement Training & Supplies 1011 Pawtucket Blvd. Midian Electronics 905 242-7411 fax: 905 623-6317 48 Talbot St. East Lowell MA 01853 2302 E 22nd St Aylmer Ontario N5H 1H4 800-368-3277 fax: 978-442-5350 Kindermann (Canada) Inc. Tucson AZ 85713 888-424-4496 fax: 519-773-8387 520-884-7981 fax: 520-884-0422 3-361 Steelcase Road West Malley Industries Inc. Markham ON L3R 3V8 LC Technology International, Inc. 561 Ferdinand Boulevard 905-940-9262 fax: 905-479-9755 MILArm Co Ltd 28100 US HWY 19 North Dieppe New Brunswick E1A 7G1 10769-99 Street Clearwater FL 33761 506-859-8591 fax: 506-857-1745 Edmonton AB T5H 4H6 Kinwood Audio Visual Inc 727-449-0891 fax: 727-449-0893 125 Traders Blvd., East 780-424-5281 fax: 800-894-7598 Mancom Manufacturing Inc Mississauga Ontario L4Z 2E5 LECOR Technologies, LLC 1335 Osprey Drive 905-890-0065 fax: 905-890-7084 Mississuaga Import 1802 Pleasant Valley Drive, #300-100 Ancaster Ontario L9G 4V5 6352 Plowmans Heath Garland TX 75040 888-762-6266 fax: 905-304-6137 Mississauga Ontario L5N3W1 Kontron Mobile Computing, Inc. 972-496-3647 fax: 972-496-5706 7631 Anagram Drive 905-567-4806 Eden Prairie MN 55344-7310 Maritime Services, Fire and Police Leica Optics 3440 Bridgeway Street Mistral Security, inc 952-974-7000 fax: 952-949-2791 156 Ludlow Avenue VANCOUVER BC V5K 1B6 7910 Woodmont Ave Northvale NJ 07647 604-294-4444 fax: 604-294-5879 BETHESDA MD 20814 Kuneen Industries 201-767-7500 fax: 201-767-8666 15 Springburn Crescent 301-913-9366 fax: 301-913-9369 Martin & Levesque (1983) Blauer Canada Aurora, Ontario, L4G-3P4 Lethbridge Community College 905-841-7317 420 3rd Avenue Mobile Concepts by SCOTTY 3000 College Dr South 480 Bessemer Road St-Romuald Quebec G6W 5M6 Lethbridge AB T1K 1L6 Mt. Pleasant PA 15666 Kustom Signals, Inc. 403-320-3489 fax: 403-380-2889 800-567-0068 fax: 418-839-5220 9325 Pflumm 800-783-0213 fax: 724-542-7648 Lenexa KS 66215 Leupold Canada Matte Industries 913-492-1400 fax: 913-492-1703 Modern Warrior Inc. Box 490, 103 Stockton pt. 4 Fortecon Dr. Unit 1A 711 N. Wellwood Ave. Okotoks Alberta T1S 1A7 Gormley ON L0H 1G0 Lindenhurst NY 11757 L 403-938-3255 fax: 403-938-2722 888-772 -2350 fax: 905-713-1690 631-226-8383 fax: 631-226-5454 L&R Manufacturing Levitt-Safety Ltd. Mavron Inc Moldex-Metric Inc. 577 Elm St. 2872 Bristol Circle 20557 Winston Churchill Blvd 10111 W. Jefferson Blvd. Kearny NJ 07032 Oakville ON L6H 5T5 Alton ON L0N 1A0 Culver City CA 90232 201-991-5330 fax: 201-991-5870 905-829-3299 fax: 905-829-2919 519-941-4415 fax: 519-942-1334 310-837-6500 fax: 310-837-9563

Labcal Lincoln Fabrics Ltd. Mawashi Inc. Motorola Canada Inc., 400 Jean-Lesage 63 Lakeport Road 8815 ave du Parc #300 8133 Warden Ave., Quebec City Quebec G1K 8W1 St. Catharines ON L2N 4P6 Montreal Quebec H2N 1Y7 Markham, On. L6G 1B3 418-692-3137 fax: 418-692-1488 905-934-3391 fax: 905-934-9325 514-906-0556 fax: 514-387-3031 416-948-5200

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 62 CORPORATE LISTING

Motorola, Integrated Solutions Newcon Optik Outdoor Outfits Pentax USA 1250 North Tustin Avenue 1183 Finch Ave. West #302 372 Richmond Street West 600 12th Street Anaheim CA 92807 Toronto Ontario M3J 2G2 Toronto Ontario M5V 1X6 Golden CO 80401 800-367-2346 fax: 714-238-2049 416-663-6963 416-598-4111 fax: 416-598-4626 303-460-1600 fax: 303-460-1628

MSA - Mine Safety Appliances Niagara University People Schedule Inc. 2800 Skymark Ave, Suite 33 PO Box 2011 P Suite 121 Mississauga Ontario L4W 5A6 Niagara University NY 14109-2011 Coquitlam BC V3E2X6 716-286-8700 fax: 716-286-8710 PACA Body Armor 604-836-8933 905 602 0338 fax: 905 238 4151 179 Mine Lane Jacksboro TN 37757 Philips Medical Systems, Canada Multis Reflect Inc Niche Technology 54 Balmoral Street 800-722-7667 fax: 423-562-1581 281 Hillmount Road 9115 Champ D’Eau Markham Ontario L6C 2S3 St-Léonard Québec H1P 3M3 Winnipeg Manitoba R3C 1X4 204-786-2400 fax: 204-775-1469 Pacific Safety Products Inc. 905-201-4100 fax: 905-201-4323 514-955-0488 fax: 514-955-8285 2821 Fenwick Road Kelowna BC V1X 5E4 Pine Tree Nine-One-One Outerwear 250-491-0911 fax: 259-491-0930 1200 Michener road 1932 St George Ave Sarnia Ontario L8H 4N4 N Saskatoon SK S7M 0K5 Palomar Display Products 519 344 4445 NABCO Inc. 800-667-6831 fax: 306-934-6022 1001 Corporate Drive 1945 Kellogg Ave. Carlsbad CA 92008 Pinnacle Armor Inc. Canonsburg PA 15317 NLnovalink 760-931-3200 fax: 760-931-3298 5816 E. Shields Avenue, Suite 111 724-746-9617 fax: 724-746-9709 6685 Century Avenue Fresno CA 93727 Mississauga Ontario L5N 7K2 Panasonic Canada Inc. 559-292-3185 fax: 559-292-3187 National Firearms Association 905-858-3501 fax: 905-858-7633 Box 52183 5770 Ambler Drive Mississauga Ontario L4W 2T3 PK Van Bodies Edmonton Alberta T6G 2T5 North Safety Products Ltd. 905-238-2405 fax: 905-238-2360 747 Bloor St. W. 780-439-1394 fax: 780-439-4091 10,550 Parkway Blvd. Oshawa On L1J 5Y6 Anjou QC H1J 2K4 905-571-1701 fax: 905-571-3483 National Helicopters Inc. Paradigm Advanced Technologies, Inc. 877-956-6784 fax: 888-879-7233 30 Leek Crescent 11339 Albion Vaughan Rd. Richmond Hill ON L4B 4N4 Polaroid Canada Inc. Kleinburg Ontario L0J 1C0 Northern Airborne Technology Ltd., 905-764-3701 fax: 905-764-3680 6505E Mississauga Rd. N 905-893-2727 fax: 905-893-2700 1925 Kirschner Rd., Mississauga Ontario L5N 1A6 905-858-3265 fax: 905-858-1329 Kelowna, BC. V1Y 4N7 Paradigm Business Systems Nautica Rigid Inflatable Boats 250-763-2232 fax: 250-762-3374 17 - 15 Holmes Ave. 1500 SW, 66 Avenue Police Ordnance Company Inc Toronto ON M2N 4L8 Pembroke Pines FL 33023 22 Riviera Dr. Northrop Grumman Public Safety 888-239-8429 fax: 416-224-0908 954-986-1600 fax: 954-986-1631 12005 Sunrise Valley Drive Markham Ontario L3R 5M1 905-479-2223 fax: 905-479-8558 Reston Virginia 20191 Paradigm Tactical Products Inc. NBC Team Ltd. 877-772-4911 fax: 703-264-5515 64 Central Street 921 Barton Street Policepro Inc. Georgetown MA 01833 1804 Boul. Le Corbusier Stoney Creek ON L8E 5P9 NOVO Technologie Inc 978-352-6633 fax: 978-352-7799 Laval Québec H7S 2N3 905-643-8801 fax: 905-643-8824 49, Bel-Air Street 450-686-6007 fax: 450-686-6007 Levis Quebec G6V 6K9 Patlon Aircraft & Industries Limited NEC Technologies Inc., 418-833-6601 fax: 418-833-6607 103 - 68 Robertson Road 2355 Gold Meadow Way Suite 200 PPM 2000 Inc. Ottawa Ontario K2H 8P5 10405 Jasper Avenue Gold River Ca. 95670 613-828-1424 fax: 613-828-1663 800-777-AFIS fax: 916-463-7041 Edmonton Alberta T5J 3N4 O 780-448-0616 fax: 780-448-0618 Pearson Peacekeeping Centre Nelmar Security Packaging Systems. OBS Inc. PO Box 100 Prairie Geomatics Ltd. 5775 Ferrier Street 1324 Tuscarawas St. West Clementsport Nova Scotia B0S 1E0 5 Bison Drive Montreal Quebec H4P 1N3 Canton OH 44702 902-638-8611 fax: 902-638-8888 Minnedosa Manitoba R0J 1E0 800-363-2283 fax: 514-342-2823 800-362-9592 fax: 330-453-0611 888-444-0302 fax: 204-867-5722 PEC Solutions, Inc. Nelson Wong Architect Inc. Old Village Press 12730 Fair Lakes Circle Pride in Service 146 Vaughan Road Unit A PO Box 42221 128 Queen St S Fairfax VA 22033 PO Box 705 Toronto ON M6C 2M2 Mississauga ON L5M 4Z4 703-679-4900 fax: 703-679-4901 Pickering ON L1V 3T3 416-657-1048 fax: 416-657-8773 905-564-0078 800-535-9735 fax: 905-509-6933 Peerless Handcuff Company Net Cyclops Inc. Olympic Arms, Inc. 95 State Street Pro Security Gear 27-2150 Winston Park Drive 624 Old Pacific Hwy SE Springfield MA 01103 120 Carlauren Rd. Oakville ON L6H-5V1 Olympia Washington 98513 800-732-3705 fax: 414-734-5467 Woodbridge ON L4L 8E5 905-829-5579 fax: 905-829-3392 800-228-3471 fax: 360-228-3471 905-264-9757 fax: 905-264-8912 Pelican Products, Inc. (Canada) NETdelivery Our Designs, Inc Proparms Ltd 10221-184th Street 2500 55th Street, Suite 200 1211 Cox Avenue 2932 Chemin Ste-Therese Edmonton AB T5S 2J4 Boulder Colorado 80301 Erlanger KY 41018 Carignan QC J3L 2B2 303-541-1005 fax: 303-541-1055 800-382-5252 fax: 822-347-3367 780-481-6076 fax: 780-481-9586 450-659-5207 fax: 450-447-2727

NetMotion Wireless Our Software Ltd. Peltor Communications Protection Development Int. Corp 701 N 34th Street 1165 Beaverwood Street Suite 546 Bryne Drive, Unit C 1555 Railroad St Seattle WA 98103 3BManotick ON K4M 1A4 Barrie Ontario L4N 9P6 Corona CA 92878-2048 206-691-5555 fax: 206-691-5501 613-692-3355 fax: 613-228-9726 705-733-3404 fax: 705-733-3565 909-734-7531 fax: 909-734-7570

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 63 CORPORATE LISTING

PW Allen and Company Ltd RU2 Systems, Inc. Secure Distributions Limited Smith-Wesson 36 Brookshire Court, Suite 4, PO Box 6793 PO Box 3271 2100 Roosevelt Ave Bedford NS B4A 4E9 Apache Junction AZ 85219 Mission BC V2V 4J4 Springfield MA 01102-2208 902-832-3934 fax: 902-832-3247 480-982-2107 fax: 480-982-5237 866-828-1557 fax: 604-820-1965 800-331-0852 fax: 413 747 3317

Secure Technologies International Smiths Detection 1807 St-Joseph Blvd 1730 Aimco Blvd. Q S Ottawa Ontario K1C 7C8 Mississauga ON L4W 1V1 Q-Star Technology (Canada) S.O.L.E.T.A 613-830-3131 fax: 613-830-5320 905-238-8837 fax: 908-238-3018 235 - 13888 - 70th Avenue 5014 New Street Suite 315 Surrey BC V3W 0R8 Burlington Ontario L7L 6E8 Securesearch, Inc. Sokkia Corporation 604-543-2360 fax: 604-543-2280 905-320-8093 3500 Pharmacy Avenue 1050 Stacey Court Scarborough ON M1W 2T6 Mississauga ON L4W 2X8 Safetec of America, Inc. 416-492-5349 fax: 416-492-3656 905-238-5810 fax: 905-238-9383 R 1055 East Delavan Ave. R. Nicholls Distributors Inc Buffalo NY 14215 SecuriSource Inc. Sonitrol Security Systems 2475, rue de la Province 800-456-7077 fax: 716-895-2969 800 Steeles Ave. West 238 Britannia Road East Longueuil QC J4G 1G3 Thornhill ON L4J 7L2 Mississauga ON L4Z 1S6 450-442-9215 fax: 450-442-9581 Safety Express Ltd. 800-866-5166 fax: 416 226-5558 905-890-7727 fax: 905-890-8391 4060 B Sladeview Crescent Radio IP Software Inc. Mississauga Ontario L5L 5Y5 Security Equipment Corporation Sony of Canada 740 Notre Dame St. W., Suite 1310 800-465-3898 fax: 905-608-0091 330 Sun Valley Circle 115 Gordon Baker Road Montreal Quebec H3C 3X6 Fenton MO 63026 Toronto Ontario M2H 3R6 636-343-0200 fax: 636-343-1318 514-890-6070 fax: 514-890-1332 Safety Tech International, Inc. 416-499-1414 fax: 416-499-8541 5703 Industry Lane Raytheon Commercial Infrared Seneca College Sound Off, Inc. Frederick Maryland 21704 13990 Dufferin Street North 13532 North Central Expressway, MS 37 888-744-6462 fax: 301-624-5688 5132 37th. Ave. Dallas TX 75243 King City Ontario L7B 1B3 Hudsonville, MI 49426 800-990-3275 fax: 972-344-4222 416-491-5050 fax: 905-833-2085 Salient Manufacturing & Security 616-669-0230 fax: 616-669-3475 160 Main Street S., Suite 92501 Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Boyd Sensors & Software Inc. Southport Data Systems Brampton On L6W 4R1 402-1491 Yonge St. 1040 Stacey Court 2820 - 14th Avenue 905-456-9258 fax: 905-456-9258 Toronto ON M4T 1Z4 Mississauga ON L4W 2X8 Markham ON L3R 0S9 416-964-7163 fax: 416-964-5817 905-624-8909 fax: 905-624-9365 905-940-0190 fax: 905-940-0192 Savage Range Systems Rec-T-Fire Inc. 100 Springdale Road Sequent Technologies Spacesaver Corporation 70 DE LA BARRE Westfield MA 01085 339 S. Cheryl Lane 266 King Street East LONGUEUIL QC J3K 5J3 413-568-7001 fax: 413-562-1152 City of Industry California 91789 Toronto Ontario M5A 4L5 450-446-3131 fax: 450-446-7227 909-869-1688 fax: 909-869-1689 800-544-3679 fax: 416-360-7290 Schweizer Aircraft Corp. Recovery Force 1250 Schweizer Road Sherlock Intensive Marketing Inc. Special Electronics & Designs, 61 Freshmeadow Way Horseheads NY 14845 440 Rue Ste-Helene 214 Bruce Ave., Guelph Ontario N1K 1S1 607-739-3821 fax: 607-796-2488 Longueuil Quebec J4K 3R2 Kincardine, On N2Z 2P2 519-241-1771 800-361-0711 fax: 450-674-0376 800-665-2740 fax: 519-396-4045 Sciax Technology Inc. Siemann SCI Canada Redline Performance Products, Inc. 233 Carlaw Avenue, Suite 401 Spike Camp (DROP ZONE TACTICAL) 1000 Zealand Road 2510 Commerce Way Toronto ON M4M 3N6 8003 Argyll Road Maberly Ontario K0H 2B0 Vista CA 92081 416-778-6770 fax: 416-778-8775 Edmonton Alberta T6C 4A9 760-599-1003 fax: 760-598-0167 613-268-2222 fax: 613-268-2404 877-461-5700 fax: 780-461-5700 Scientific Dimensions, Inc. Sierra Wireless, Inc. Reliant Safety Equipment Inc. 2417 Aztec Rd. NE Sprinco USA 104 - 1827 Hekla Avenue 13811 Wireless Way 78040 Danz Blvd. Albuquerque NM 87107 Richmond BC V6V 3A4 Winnipeg Manitoba R2R 0K3 800-523-6180 fax: 505-345-2812 Austin TX 78724 877-582-0734 fax: 204-582-0830 604-231-1100 fax: 604-231-1109 512-331-8797 fax: 512-331-9172 Seals Action Gear Remington Arms Gravel Agency Sigarms 510-77 Avenue SE #4 Steelite Tactical Gear 1530 Provincial Industrial Drive Calgary AB T2H-1C3 160 Finch Ave E Quebec Quebec G1N 4A2 Exeter NH 03833 Toronto, ON M2N 4R9 403-692-0208 fax: 403-723-0222 418-682-3000 fax: 418-682-3343 603-772-2302 fax: 603-773-2113 416-225-5595 fax: 416-828-8549 SealSkinz Waterproof Gloves & Socks Robinson Helicopter Company Simunition / SNC TEC STC Footwear 2901 Airport Drive 21 Grandview Cres 5 Montée des Arsenaux 87 Main St. Torrance CA 90505 Bradford ON L3Z 2A5 Le Gardeur Québec J5Z 2P4 Cambridge Ontario N1R 1W1 310-539-0508 fax: 310-539-5198 905-775-9191 fax: 905-775-6780 450-581-3080 fax: 450-581-0231 519-621-3182 fax: 519-621-3585

Rothco Search Systems Inc Sinclair Technologies Inc. Stewart Products, Inc. 3015 Veterans Memorial Highway P.O. Box 80307 85 Mary Street 1552 E. Cedar St. Ronkonkoma NY 11754 Bakersfield CA 93380-0307 Aurora ON L4G 6X5 Ontario CA 91737 800-645-5195 fax: 631-585-9447 661-399-7107 fax: 661-399-3284 905-727-0165 fax: 905-727-0861 877-774-3223 fax: 909-923-7070

Royal Roads University Second Chance Body Armor, Inc. SkidCar System, Inc Storm Case By Hardigg 2005 Sooke Rd 7915 Cameron St. 6440 Sky Pointe Drive 147 N. Main Street Victoria BC V9B 5Y2 Central Lake MI 49615 Las Vegas NV 89230 South Deerfield MA 01373 250-391-2505 fax: 250-391-2522 231-544-5721 fax: 231-544-9824 702-754-3227 fax: 702-395-2378 800-542-7344 fax: 413-665-8330

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 64 FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 65 CORPORATE LISTING

Strath Craft Limited Taser International, Inc. The Rotman School of Management Trijicon, Inc. 620 Newbold Street 7860 East McClain Drive, Suite 2 105 St. George Street 49385 Shafer Ave. London Ontario N6E 2T6 Scottsdale Arizona 85260-1627 Toronto ON M5S 3E6 Wixom MI 48393-0059 877-661-1103 fax: 877-827-7702 480-905-2000 fax: 480-991-0791 416-978-4441 fax: 416-978-5549 248-960-7700 fax: 248-960-7725 TEAM-1 Emergency Services Streamlight The Shooting Edge Tripod Data Systems 1650 Upper Ottawa Street 30 Eagleville Road Bay 4, 510-77 Ave SE 345 SW Avery Avenue Eagleville PA 19403-3996 Hamilton Ontario L8W 3P2 Corvallis OR 97333 905-383-5550 fax: 905-574-0492 Calgary AB T2H 1C3 800-523-7488 fax: 800-220-7007 403-720-4867 fax: 403-720-8147 541-752-9000 fax: 541-750-7931 Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc. Tech-Police.com TriTech Software Systems 400- 81 Street Suite 6 The Walter Fedy Partnership 6 Main Street 9860 Mesa Rim Road Miami Beach Florida 33141 546 Belmont Ave. W. Newport NH 03773 San Diego CA 92121 786-234-4234 fax: 305-949-6467 Kitchener ON N2M 1N5 603-863-3300 fax: 603-863-9371 858-799-7000 fax: 858-799-7015 519-576-2150 fax: 519-576-5499 Teijin Twaron USA Super Seer Corp. TruckVault 801-F Blacklawn Road Thistle Productions Ltd P.O. Box 700 P.O. Box 734 Conyers GA 30012 4808 Ada Blvd Evergreen CO 80437 Sedro Woolley WA 98284 770-929-0781 fax: 770-929-8138 Edmonton Alberta T5W 4N1 303-674-6663 fax: 303-674-8540 800-967-8107 fax: 360-855-2239 780-479-6290 fax: 780-479-0661 Tek Gear SureFire 1-90 Market Avenue True Traffic Safety 18300 Mt. Baldy Circle Winnipeg MB R3B 0P3 Thomson Nelson P.O. Box 39524 Broadmoor Post Office Fullerton, CA 92835 204-988-3001 fax: 204-988-3050 1120 Birchmount Rd Richmond BC V7A 5G9 800-828-8809 fax: 714-545-9537 Scarborough Ontario M1K 5G4 604-277-5652 fax: 604-277-5654 Tektite Industries, Inc. 800-668-0671 fax: 416-752-9365 Surveillance Consultants 309 North Clinton Avenue Tuff Products 422 Glen Ross Road R.R. # 3 Trenton New Jersey 08638-5122 Thorlo 1760 Palm Ave Frankford Ontario K0K 2C0 800-540-2814 fax: 609-656-0063 150-34 Eglinton Ave., West San DIego Ca 92154 416-716-3107 Toronto ON M4R 2H6 714-655-0055 fax: 877-349-0232 Telex Communications Inc. 416-484-7386 Symbol Technologies Canada ULC Land Mobile Group Tufloc 5180 Orbitor Drive Lincoln NE 68507 TigerLight, Inc. 1406 Fifth Street SW Mississauga Ontario L4W 5L9 402-467-5321 fax: 402-467-3279 473 West 810 South Canton OH 44702 905-629-7226 fax: 905-629-9765 Heber City Utah 84032 330-452-9132 fax: 330-452-2557 Teranet Inc. 1 Adelaide Street East 435-657-9529 fax: 435-657-9686 Syscon Justice Systems TurtleSkin by Warwick Mills 230-8211 Sea Island Way Toronto Ontario M5C 2V9 Time Domain 301 Turnpike Road, P.O. Box 409 Richmond BC V6X 2W3 416-643-1090 fax: 416-360-0494 7057 Old Madison Pike New Ipswich NH 03071 604-606-7650 fax: 604-606-7654 Terrier Technologies, Ltd. Huntsville Alabama 35806 603-878-1565 fax: 603-878-4306 PO Box 831973 256-922-9229 fax: 256-922-9658 Richardson Texas 75083-1973 TV Equipment Box 404 T 972-293-5398 fax: 714-908-7845 TISCOR Brewseter NY 10509 Tac Wear Inc. 12250 Parkway Centre Drive 310-457-7401 fax: 310-457-0023 700 Progress Ave. Unit 7 Tetragon Tasse Poway CA 92064 Scarborough Ontario M1H 2Z7 2378 Dunwin Drive 800-227-6379 fax: 858-513-8497 416-289-2215 fax: 416-289-1522 Mississauga ON L5L 1J9 800-387-6542 fax: 905-828-6390 Titan Corp U TACM III, Inc. U.S.Armor Corporation The CAD Zone 1200 S. Woody Burke Rd. 2300 Commerce Park Drive Suite 7 Melbourne FL 32902-0550 11843 E. Smith Ave Palm Bay FL 32905 4790 SW Watson 800-622-8554 fax: 321-952-1689 Santa Fe Springs CA 90670 321-726-0644 fax: 321-726-0645 Beaverton OR 97005 800-641-9077 562-949-1733 fax: 562-949-1501 Torfino Enterprises, Inc. Tactical & Survival Specialties, Inc. 3500 Fairlane Farms Road Ste #3 U.S. Radar, Inc. P.O. Box 1890 The Dehner Company 3614 Martha St. Wellington Florida 33414 4314 W. Main Street Harrisonburg VA 22801 Omaha Nebraska 68105 Decatur Illinois 62522 540-434-8974 fax: 540-434-7796 561-790-0111 fax: 561-790-0080 402-342-7788 fax: 402-342-5444 217-429-6030 fax: 217-429-6033 Toronto Police Museum Tactical Advantage Uncle Mike’s Law Enforcement The National Inst. of Truth Verification 40 College Street 464 Culzean Place 1710 Red Soils Ct., P.O. Box 1690 11400 Fortune Circle Toronto Ontario M5G 2J3 Port Moody BC V3H 1E5 Oregon City OR 97045 West Palm Beach Fl 33411 416-808-7020 fax: 416-808-7102 604-931-6351 fax: 604-931-6375 561-798-6280 fax: 561-798-1594 503-655-7964 fax: 503-655-7546 Tremco Police Products Tactical Command Industries, Inc. The Ontario Glove Manufacturing Co. Underwater Kinetics Inc. 1872 Verne Roberts Circle 500 Dotzert Court 7 Page Road 16652-117 Avenue Antioch CA 94509 Waterloo ON N2L 6A7 Bedford MA 01730 Edmonton AB T5M 3W2 925-756-7354 fax: 925-756-7977 800-265-4554 fax: 519-886-3590 888 666-3031 fax: 781 275-1895 780-484-2350 fax: 780-444-3989

Taper International Inc The PERCS Index Inc. Triform Business Systems Limited Uniform Uniforms 235 E Penn. Ave. 535 San Remo Drive 95 Doncaster Avenue 351 Canarctic Drive Southern Pines NC 28388 Port Moody BC V3H 3S6 Thornhill ON L3T 1L6 North York Ontario M3J2P9 800-628-6863 fax: 910-693-7537 800-328-1388 fax: 604-469-7342 416-226-6000 fax: 800-563-1666 416-663-6060 fax: 416-663-4484

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 66 CORPORATE LISTING

Unity Manufacturing Company VisionSphere Technologies Wintron Tech Zaviation Inc, 1260 North Clybourn Avenue Suite 311 276 Spearing St. P.O. Box 143 Chicago Illinois 60610 Kanata ON K2L 3H1 Howard PA 16841 Mississaga ON L6Z 4G6 312-943-5200 fax: 312-943-5681 613-599-7766 fax: 613-599-1865 814-625-2720 fax: 814-625-2725 905-495-8441 fax: 416-946-1509

Universal Guardian Corporation Wolverine Supplies Ltd Zebra Card Printer Solutions 5759 Fleet Street, Ste. 110 PO Box 729 1001 Flynn Road Carlsbad California 92008 W Virden Manitoba ROM 2C0 Camarillo CA 93012 760-579-0808 fax: 760-579-0818 Westervelt College 1060 Wellington Road 204-748-2454 fax: 204-748-1805 805-579-1800 fax: 805-579-1808 London Ontario N6E 3W5 877-668-2001 fax: 519-668-1616 Zee Medical Canada, Inc. V X Unit A-9, Valley Associates Inc., Whelen Canada Burlington ON L7N 3G2 860 Taylor Creek Dr., Unit 3, 590 Moorelands Cresent XS Sight Systems, Inc. 905-336-2929 fax: 905-336-0071 Ottawa, ON. K1C 1T1 Milton Ontario L9T 4B5 2401 Ludelle Street 613-830-1880 fax: 613-830-3008 905-878-8457 fax: 905-878-0877 Fort Worth Texas 76105 Zetron, Inc. 817-536-0136 fax: 817-536-3517 12034 134th Ct NE Versaterm Inc White Pine Productions Redmond WA 98052 2300 Carling Avenue 22 Nicholson Crescent, RR#2 xwave 425-820-6363 fax: 425-820-7031 Ottawa ON K2B 7G1 Minesing Ontario L0L 1Y0 65 Iber Road 613-820-0311 fax: 613-596-5884 705-726-2459 Stittsville ON K2S 1E7 Zistos Corporation 613-831-0888 fax: 613-831-1836 VideoComm Technologies Winchester Ammunition 55A Kennedy Drive 407 Speers Road 427 N. Shamrock Street Hauppauge NY 11788 Oakville Ontario L6K 3T5 East Alton IL 62024 631-434-1370 fax: 631-434-9104 905-339-0366 fax: 905-339-1776 618-258-3984 fax: 618-258-3393 Z Zak Tools Zodiac Hurricane Technologies, Inc. Windows To Technology Ltd Viking Police & Security Company PO Box 382 7138 Vantage Way 6 Orquel Crt. 150 Sidney Street Temple City CA 91007 Delta BC V4G 1A7 Dartmouth NS B2W 4Z3 Belleville ON K8P 5E2 604-940-2999 902-435-8322 fax: 902-435-7427 800-964-8810 fax: 613-961-1779 800-446-5561 fax: 626-445-5604 Zoll Canada Visibility Systems Company Winner International Zarc International Inc., 428 Old Stratfield Road 32 West State St. P.O. Box 83940 5266 General Road, Unit 15 Fairfield CT 06825 Sharon PA 16146 Gailthersburg, MD. 20883 Mississauga ON L4W-1Z7 203-367-4000 800-527-3345 fax: 724-981-1216 301-990-1617 fax: 301-990-9305 905-629-5005 fax: 905-629-0575

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 67 Alan Heisey, a former chair of the Toronto Parking Authority, was elected in January to replace Norm Gardner. Heisey’s new position pays 90-thousand dollars a year. He is a staunch believer in community policing. Gardner has been forced out of the Police Services Board because he is under investigation by a civilian agency. There are allegations Gardner accepted a gun from a firearms manufacturer and ammunition from Toronto police officers. A man who put a police officer into intensive care with one punch last winter was sentenced in December to eight years in prison. Russell Everett Williams, 46, of North Preston, N.S., asked Judge Patrick Curran for mercy during his sentencing on a charge of aggravated assault causing bodily harm. Williams said he didn’t intend to harm Const. Todd Blake, who was arresting him Feb. 27 for an attempted break and enter into a Halifax home. Williams said he was only trying to get away from Blake, 35, when he struck him once in the face, causing him to fall and smash his head on the pavement. Crown attorney Susan MacKay said Blake will never fully recover from his life- threatening injuries. A provincial court judge handed out sentences in January ranging from house arrest to an absolute discharge to six Vancouver police officers convicted of beating suspected drug dealers. Judge Herb Weitzel said a mob mentality governed the incident a year ago when the officers took three men to Stanley Park and systematically beat them. Constables Duncan Gemmell, Christopher Cronmiller, Raymond Gardner, James Kenney, Gabriel Kojima and Brandon Steele each pleaded guilty to three counts of common assault in return for the Crown dropping more serious charges. Each officer was sentenced separately, based on the role he played in the assaults. The officers still face a police disciplinary hearing. Mayor Dave Bell did something in December that few municipal politicians would ever have to do: he turned in his gun. Bell, who was suspended from duty with the Ontario Provincial Police with pay, was ordered to turn in his badge along with his sidearm. Provincial police officials say Bell should not be mayor because this northwestern Ontario community contracts policing to the provincial force, putting Bell in a potential conflict of interest. Bell has said he will declare a conflict of interest when police matters come before council, and not sit on the town’s police services board. In addition to the suspension, the OPP added a second discreditable conduct charge against Bell, 54, as well as an additional charge of insubordination. A Guelph judge says he’s frustrated at the new Youth Criminal Justice Act. Justice Norman Douglas wants to send the three young arsonists, who torched Guelph’s bookmobile, to jail. However, he says the new rules for sentencing young offenders make that impossible. The youths are first time offenders and arson isn’t classified as a serious violent offence. The youths will have a nine pm curfew for the next two years and not be allowed to use the Internet or watch TV once they’re inside for the evening. They must also perform 100 hours of community service. The April fire destroyed the library on wheels. The total damage is estimated at about $350,000.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 68 FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 69 Alternatives to desktop computers ponents such as hard-drives, processors and pensive equipment is in the secure room. by Tom Rataj memory readily stolen. The increasingly com- A full powered desktop PC is expensive Although a lot quieter than the noisy type- mon CD-RW drives make it easy to overkill for many users, who sim- writers of the past, desktop computers have in- copy confidential in- ply need to access infor- troduced a few problems of their own. formation. Users in- mation or do basic They’re desktop hogs, for one thing — the stalling unauthorized tasks. Many large or- monitor, case, keyboard and mouse take up a software or opening ganizations store in- lot of real estate and add to visual clutter. The e-mail attachments formation centrally monitor and CPU both produce a significant can infect their machine for security and backup amount of heat — an office full of computers (and everyone else’s if purposes anyway, so local process- creates an added burden on the air condition- networked) with viruses; ing and storage power is really not required ing system — and the two or more cooling fans although it’s commonly be- at the desktop. can be quite noisy. lieved that outside hackers are the most com- Depending on which industry source one Most systems use upwards of 125-watts of mon cause of information loss, it’s actually believes, the proper implementation and man- power, boosting the electrical bill — and while employees. agement of a thin-client or blade system can prices have dropped over the past five years, reduce the TCO for computers by around 30 computers aren’t cheap; a complete desktop sys- Solutions per cent compared to unmanaged desktop PCs. tem still easily runs around $2,000, and that’s The increasingly popular ‘thin-client’ and Users who only have to retrieve or process just the beginning, experts say. ‘Total cost of ‘blade’ computers solve many of these prob- information, e-mail or use the Internet and the ownership’ (TCO) figures suggest that support- lems all of the storage and most (blade) or all like can quite adequately be served by a thin- ing each desktop computer typically costs two (thin client) of the processing capabilities into client system. Those creating and manipulat- to three times the initial purchase price each year. a secure room. A silent, solid state device which ing complex content are better served by a blade Don’t forget to figure in the expense of generates little or no heat, uses little energy and system or full-featured PC. hardware failures — although more reliable and is small enough to be mounted under a desk is easier to maintain, computers do still fail, es- used to access the server over a network. Thin client pecially when subjected to a spilled double- Combined with a smaller, cooler running Each thin client user has a monitor, mouse double — theft, software and licensing fees, and energy efficient LCD (liquid crystal dis- and keyboard and an approximately $500 de- infrastructure (networking and the like) — the play) monitor, the desktop suddenly becomes vice which is generally about the size of a mid list goes on. a less cluttered and quiet place to work. Elimi- sized hardcover book. Most units don’t have They also present security issues. Cases can nating floppy and CD drives improves security any moving parts and often use low-power generally be easily opened and valuable com- and the opportunity for theft, since all the ex- processors such as the Transmeta Cruseo or Intel Celeron. They do little independent processing, acting more as an access point to the processing power and applications located on the servers and connected storage systems. Support costs are significantly lower because all the computing is done on shared, centrally managed and located servers. Typical PC based offices require about five IT technicians per 100 computers — thin-cli- ent based environments require only one tech- nician per 100 workstations, adding up to sub- stantial savings for even a small organization. The systems are ideally suited to business environments where large amounts of standard-

The Great Mac Attack! by Tony MacKinnon “I really think that the government is going a bit overboard with this business of putting cameras in the cruisers!...”

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 70 ized computing tasks are done. A wide vari- ety of operating systems (OS) are February 21 & 22, 2004 April 27 or 28, 1:00 – 4:00 Human Remains Recovery – Winter Scene Seneca Lessons from a Gang Cop available on thin- College – King Campus, ON Markham, ON client devices, de- 2-day intensive recovery course, based on the identification Delivered by internationally renowned gang expert Tony pending on the and recovery methods of human remains in a rural winter Moreno, this half-day seminar and training course will manufacturer. setting with in-class and hands-on, field training. Cold weather focus on how law enforcement and other front line gear a must. Contact: [email protected] or Greg Olson 905 professionals can learn the key principles of maintaining Windows CE.Net, a low-end OS based on that 830-0303 x7400 or Dr Dean Knight 519 747-2801. mental, physical and emotional well-being in dealing with used on Pocket PCs, is only suitable for fairly youth and violent gangs. For more information and February 23 – 27, 2004 simple tasks such as inputting and accessing in- registration at: www.blueline.ca/tradeshow or email 18th Annual Forensic Identification Conference [email protected], 905-640-3048. formation. More powerful operating systems Toronto, ON such as Linux and Windows NT and XP allow Hosted by Toronto Police Forensic Identification Services April 27 or 28, 9:30 - 12:30 more complex functions. at the Travelodge Hotel, 2737 Keele St., the 5 day Unmasking Urban Graffiti conference includes lectures, workshops, exhibition, and Markham, ON banquet. Theme: Digging for the Truth. Contact This half-day training seminar is an award winning Blades information: D/Sgt Dennis Buligan, 416 808-6861; blueprint of how police services and community partners With blade systems, the entire computer is www.torontopolice.on.ca/fis/seminar.html; or email: can win the war on graffiti. Delivered by Heinz Kuck, moved to a rack in a secure room. A small ac- [email protected]. internationally recognized as Canada’s authority on graffiti March 7-12 or 14-19, 2004 eradication. For more information and registration at: cess device, typically about the size of a paper- www.blueline.ca/tradeshow or email back book, connects the mouse, keyboard and Tactical High Angle Rescue Seminar The Training Edge, Calgary, AB [email protected], 905-640-3048. monitor to the computer blade using standard Intense 6 day seminar for personnel who have the April 27 & 28, 9:00 – 4:00 Ethernet cabling. Since it is just a connection potential to work in any tactical high-angle environment. Investigative Interviewing point, it contains no moving parts and gener- Techniques taught by industry leaders are perfect for Markham, ON ates virtually no heat or noise and consumes small unit operations. Instructors include Rob MacIntyre A 2-day intensive training course is a must for and Jay Danis, both respected and experienced professionals who want to take there investigative skills very little power. operators. Contact: [email protected] ; to the next level. Delivered by Gord MacKinnon author of The blade itself is a specialized computer www.theshootingedge.com or 1-866-720-4867. the book Investigative Interviewing. More information and system built around a long, narrow motherboard April 1 & 2, 2004 registration at: www.blueline.ca/tradeshow or email and installed in a special rack. The CPU, hard- IALEFI Regional Training Conference [email protected], 905-640-3048. drive, memory, video-card and networking con- The Training Edge, Calgary, AB April 27 & 28, 9:00 – 4:00 nections are all affixed to the motherboard. Topics include: SigArms carbine techniques, low light Public Information & Communications shooting, ALS less-lethal munitions instructor, TASER A blade costs around $2,000 but is cheaper Markham, ON instructor and more. Contact: James Cox at 1-866-720- A dynamic and intensive, 2-day training course for participants to support and maintain than a desktop com- 4867 or [email protected]. working in teams or as individuals. Participants will receive a puter. They’re relatively new technology and April 5 - 7, 2004 template for their Public Information Officer duties as well as the price will drop as more manufacturers en- Police Leadership 2004 Conference a “Media Check-list” template, be able to prepare a “Crisis ter the market. Vancouver, BC Plan Checklist” for their organization, will work with the Up to 60 blade computers are typically Hosted by the BCACP, Public Safety/Solicitor General workshop leader to produce a working plan to become more ministries and Justice Institute of BC Police Academy. proactive with the media in their community and will take mounted in one rack system that has special- Theme:Excellence in policing through community health, part in a communications exercise designed to test the skills ised cooling, conditioned power and a battery organizational performance and personal wellness. learned on the course. Delivered by Jim Stanton, considered back-up system. The IT department can re- Presenters include Giuliano Zaccardelli, Sir Ronnie one of Canada’s foremost experts on media relations. More motely manage the entire rack. Employees Flanagan, Dr. Kevin Gilmartin and Gordon Graham. Go information and registration at: www.blueline.ca/tradeshow, to www.policeleadership.org or contact Sgt. Mike email [email protected] or 905-640-3048. don’t have to move computers when changing Novakowski at [email protected] or 1-877-275- offices — a technician simply plugs the net- 4333, x5733 to register or for more information. May 5-7, 2004 Ontario Women in Law Enforcement Conference work connection leading to the access point at April 27 – 28, 2004 Niagara Falls, ON their new location into their blade. 8th Annual Blue Line Trade Show For more info., go to www.owle.org or ph 905-257-4588. Unused hard-drive space on one blade com- Markham ON puter can also be borrowed by another in the rack Trade Show for law enforcement personnel from across June 14 – 18, 2004 Canada to view and purchase a wide spectrum of Fundamentals of Auditing in a Police Organization or be used to back-up data between systems. products and services of the latest technology in the law St John, NB The market for blade computers is still quite enforcement industry. Admission is free by pre- A comprehensive hands-on 5-day course using real life small but is expected to grow as larger compa- registration. Simultaneous 2 day conference with 4 police examples. Course is lead by Ray Jacobsen, a nies begin producing them. training seminars requires separate pre-registration and seasoned instructor with extensive police auditing fee. Registration and information at: www.blueline.ca/ background. Contact: A/Deputy Chief Bert Martin, 506 tradeshow, email [email protected] or 905 640 3048. 648-3218, email: [email protected] You can reach Tom Rataj at [email protected].

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 71 the operation, adding that it was twice as big as facing multiple counts of attempt to obstruct was expected. justice. Four other officers have been named as Police described the operation as a “sophis- unindicted co-conspirators. ticated, well-organized” setup with an elaborate Toronto police Chief Julian Fantino said he and monitored growing system. Police also dis- was “saddened and disappointed” by the covered living accommodations inside the plant. charges but called the charges “isolated” and “If you think of this as a factory with peo- said they’re not reflective of the Toronto force. ple running the operation 24 hours a day, it fits Rumours of corruption have plagued To- that there would be sleeping accommodations,” ronto’s central drug squad since 1999, when al- Crate was quoted as saying. legations first surfaced that officers were steal- More than 100 officers from the Huronia ing from the so-called “fink fund” used to pay Combined Forces Drug Unit raided the Barrie off informants. A smaller internal investigation BARRIE— A marijuana growing operation at landmark. not related to Neily’s probe led to an array of a former Molson brewery in Barrie, Ontario *** charges being laid in the fall of 2000, most of is thought to be the largest ever discovered in TORONTO — Six veterans of Toronto’s po- which were dropped or stayed early last year. the province lice service are fac- Eight of the former drug squad members A second huge marijuana grow house was ing a series of charged as a result of that investigation have discovered by Ontario Provincial Police just criminal charges since filed suit against Fantino and several other north of the city in January. after a two-year police officials and Crown prosecutors. The former brewery wouldn’t normally be probe into allega- Members facing charges are Staff Sgt. John considered a good site for a secret pot-grow- tions of corruption, Schertzer, Cst. Steve Correia, Cst. Ray Pollard, ing operation. Millions of drivers commuting deceit and brutality Cst. Ned Maodus and Cst. Richard Benoit. through southern Ontario over the years on among members Maodus, a 15-year veteran of the service, faces Highway 400 could see into the landmark of the city’s drug squad. 13 charges, assault causing bodily harm, extor- which is just metres from the road and fea- Between July 1995 and March tion and five counts each of perjury and attempt tures huge windows. The six-lane highway is 2002, the officers allegedly forged notes and to obstruct justice. Schertzer, who’s been a To- heavily travelled. police records, gave false testimony and affi- ronto police officer for 28 years, faces eight Eleven people - including one found hid- davits to obtain search warrants and failed to charges, including one count each of extortion, ing in the former retail store near the brewer - account for seized evidence, says RCMP Chief theft over $5,000 and assault causing bodily were arrested. The raids were carried out as part Supt. John Neily, head of a special Toronto harm. Cst. Joseph Miched, a 25-year veteran of a probe into illegal grow-house operations, police task force probing the squad. who retired in October, is also charged. which police say have increased dramatically The officers face 40 individual charges, in- Four other officers - Det. Jason Kondo, in recent years. cluding perjury, theft, extortion and assault Cst. Greg Forestall, Det. Jonathon Reid and OPP Supt. Bill Crate says everyone in- causing bodily harm. All six also face charges Cst. Mike Turnbull - were named as unindicted volved in the bust was surprised by the size of of conspiracy to obstruct justice, and five are co-conspirators.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 72

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 75 PublicPublic InformationInformation CommunicationsCommunications Date: April 27 & 28, 9:00 - 4:00 the workshop leader to produce a working USA. plan to become more proactive with the Since 1989, Jim Presentation: 2-day multi-media media in their community and will take part has trained emer- Accreditation: Certificate in a communications exercise designed to gency officials Cost: $495.00 + GST test the skills learned on the course. from many of Understanding how to develop, update Canada’s major and prepare for the worst possible event Course Description: cities and prov- is a potent antidote to the pitfalls of a dis- inces, including This workshop is designed to create an aster. During this workshop participants atmosphere that encourages the preparation law enforcement will learn the importance of: agencies, ambu- necessary for capitalizing on crises and cre- • developing a proactive media strategy, ating achievement out of adversity, inspi- lance services, fire • training personnel to handle the worst departments, the ration out of confrontation, and opportunity possible crisis questions, out of danger. Ontario & Alberta • responding promptly when a disaster oc- Fire Colleges, the The world changed on September 11, curs, and, 2001. Police agencies face some unique Canadian Police College, the Ontario Po- • rebuilding the organization after a crisis. lice Academy & Emergency Measures or- challenges in handling the media in emer- Extensive use is made of real world tel- gency situations.. Practical advice is shared ganizations in B.C., Alberta, Saskatchewan, evision clips, newspaper articles and maga- Newfoundland, Manitoba, & Ontario. with participants from our experience in zine stories to illustrate good and bad ex- dealing with many of Canada’s major po- A frequent guest lecturer on crisis com- amples of police departments and other munications and the media, Jim has also lice departments. The workshop material organizations that have experienced ma- is presented within the context of the Inci- trained many private sector company jor crises and how they responded. A work- spokespersons and organizations to be ready dent Command System. book is provided. This is a dynamic and intensive, two- when a crisis occurs. He assisted the Re- day seminar that will see all participants Presenter: gion of Halifax during the crash of Swiss intensely involved in the program - they A graduate of Simon Fraser University, Air 111 as well as the city of Winnipeg as will work in teams and as individuals. Jim Stanton brings to his seminars more than they prepared for the flood of 1997. We will also present participants with a 30 years of first-hand experience as an army Stanton & Associates recently com- template for their Public Information Officer officer, broadcaster, trainer, communicator, pleted the emergency public information duties as well as a “Media Check-list” tem- and public speaker. Jim Stanton is President plan for the city of Richmond, B.C. and plate. They will also be able to prepare a “Cri- and Founder of Jim Stanton & Associates, worked with the city of Calgary in provid- sis Plan Checklist” for their organization. an Ottawa based communications and train- ing strategic communications assistance On day two, participants will work with ing company with offices in Canada and the during the Kananaskis G8 Summit last year. Investigative Interviewing Date: April 27 & 28; 9:00 - 4:00 • The Mechanics of the Interview worked in a multi- tude of areas in- Presentation: 2-day multi-media • Detecting Deception • The Essential Steps cluding uniform Accreditation: Certificate patrol and criminal • Verbal Signs of Deception investigations as Cost: $250.00 + GST • Tactics for Overcoming Deception well as specialized in areas of under- Course Description: Day Two: water search and Day One: • Using Tactics and Thematics recovery, fraud in- • Introduction • Dealing with Denials vestigation, and • Types of Witness and Witness • Physical Indicators of Deception intelligence. He is Psychology (includes body language) an acclaimed lec- • The Law Relating to Interviews (Case • Analysis of Statements by both Witness turer in the techniques of investigative inter- viewing and has taught officers of police Law and the Charter) and Accused • Important Legal Concepts for the services across Canada, as well as being a • Conclusion and Wrap Up course instructor at a community college. Interviewer Presenter: Gord MacKinnon is the author of the book • The “Non-Accusatory Interview Det/Sgt Gord MacKinnon, with over 30 Investigative Interviewing, available in the Technique” years of experience in law enforcement, has Blue Line Reading Library. UnmaskingUnmasking UrbanUrban GraffitiGraffiti Date: April 27 or 28, 9:30 - 12:30 vided into three distinct areas. The first velop their own graffiti abatement projects, area journeys deeply into the deviant mind custom formatted, for their own property, Presentation: ½ day multi-media set of the graffiti vandal. Offered no where neighborhood, community, or city! Accreditation: Certificate else in Canada, this provocative Cost: $50.00 + GST PowerPoint presentation, 6 years in the Presenter: making, will teach you how to recognize Architect of and decipher the seven definitive styles of Canada’s most Course Description: graffiti found throughout the Canadian ur- successful graf- Unmasking Urban Graffiti is a com- ban landscape. You will also learn to un- fiti eradication prehensive and dynamic exploration into derstand the ultimate in offender motiva- program; the arcane world of urban graffiti. The tion, and the complexities of the graffiti speaker, writer, presentation draws upon community con- sub-culture. educator Heinz sultation, empirical policing experiences, The second area involves an overview Kuck brings with and academic research focusing on the of the award winning Graffiti Eradication him 25 years of causes and consequences of this physi- Program, its design, development and de- law enforcement cal disorder crime. livery. It looks at the programs blueprint experience with a The end result is an award winning blue- which utilizes a five part community in- strong academic print of how police services, community clusive formula embracing; eradication, foundation, having been granted certifi- partners, city officials, and educators, can education, enforcement, empowerment cates in Advanced Police Sciences from win the war on graffiti vandalism, and re- and economic development. Humber College, as well as a Bachelor verse urban decay. The third and final area presents to par- of Arts Degree from York University. He Unmasking Urban Graffiti involves a ticipants a template and methodology in is internationally recognized as the Ca- high energy, multi-media presentation di- which they will be able to design and de- nadian authority on graffiti vandalism. Lessons from a Gang Cop Date: April 27 or 28, 1:00 - 4:00 Presenter: of your particular A 28-year veteran with the Los Ange- area. The gang ac- Presentation: ½ day multi-media les Police Department Tony Moreno. is an tivity is different Accreditation: Certificate internationally recognized gang specialist from city to city, who has devoted his entire career to devel- but police need to Cost: $50.00 + GST oping information on gangs, investigating be able to recog- gangs and gang-related crime, and provid- nize the problem. Course Description: ing training to tens of thousands of law en- I've seen cities in Based on the insights contained in his forcement professionals, agencies and pri- the U.S. deny book of the same name, the Lessons From vate companies. Tony’s reputation as a gang they have a gang A Gang Cop seminar is led by internation- cop is well chronicled. The nickname given problem and if ally recognized gang expert Tony Moreno to him by LA gang members, “Pac-Man”, they do that it just of the LAPD. This seminar is unlike any and the yellow Plymouth Fury police vehi- gets worse. other in law enforcement today. It does not cle he drove for five years, were used in the I'm not totally focus on gangs, their origins or their crimi- story line of the movie “Colors”, starring aware of the gun laws in Canada but my nal activities. Rather, the seminar will Robert Duvall and Sean Penn. experience is that they do make a differ- present the key principles Tony Moreno be- ence from the prosecution angle. Once a lieves are essential for the mental, physi- Some Wisdom from the Expert crime is committed there is increased sen- cal and emotional well-being of law en- My advice in dealing with Canadian tencing, which is effective. I don't believe forcement and other front-line profession- police officers is the better they know their it is something that will prevent gang mem- als dealing with violent gangs and fight- neighbourhoods and the people they work bers from using guns but I believe it serves ing to make our communities safer. Full with the better they can detect changes and society in the long run if there is stiffer sen- of inspiring stories and no-nonsense prac- the emergence of gang activity. You need tencing. But criminals seem to find guns, tical advice, this seminar is an indispensa- to be objective in assessing the crime ac- no matter where they are. ble resource for any law enforcement pro- tivity and gang activity. If you know the fessional wishing to be more effective, suc- people, they will tell you when there is a Proud sponsor cessful and productive. rise in gang activity. The key is knowledge Showing dignity and respect is key to policing a diverse community by Julian Fantino citizens. While virtually all the informa- political expediency and quick fix solu- In the police world there’s no time-out. We tion reported is anecdotal, some tions merely impose added bureauc- must always be on the edge. Never complacent. think officers systematically en- racies on police officers by flagging Always trying to improve our individual and force laws, especially traffic them, their activities and organi- corporate performance while always remem- laws, based on skin colour. Al- zation as being racially motivated bering who we are, what we’re here to do and though untrue, it’s nevertheless — it’s nothing more than optics who we’re serving and protecting. a perception that must be dealt at the expense of ethics and For the most part we enjoy a great deal of with in an open and transparent meaningful solutions. public trust and support. However our work in manner, regardless of the dis- The whole race relations earning and maintaining this is never done. comfort we’ve had to endure. exercise is not to ignore or ac- Opinion polls consistently show we’re highly Certain media, civil libertarians, cept the fact that, at times, there regarded mainly because of the professional unabashed police critics and others con- are bigoted police officers who ex- way in which we interact with citizens. stantly criticize the honourable contribution the hibit a racial bias in the most unethical way. We must never lower our standards of pro- overwhelming majority of dedicated police of- Invariably we go after them, as we should. fessional and ethical conduct or otherwise com- ficers make. However, I don’t accept that Canadian po- promise our oath of office by becoming like the I regret to say that at times, our individual lice engage in conscious or unconscious, sys- very law breakers that cross our path. Simply performance disappoints even ourselves, but temic, racially biased law enforcement. stated, it’s up to us to safeguard our pride and much of the debate is driven by politics and No form of discrimination has a place in personal/professional reputation. This is nurtured emotion, not law or logic. My own comprehen- our profession or how we act individually and and promoted mainly through our actions, ap- sive research indicates that, until a few years ago, collectively. Hence the need for a zero toler- pearance and the way we deal with each person no North American police force kept sufficiently ance approach in addressing transgressions. we encounter, regardless of circumstances. detailed records of traffic stops to determine I dream of a time where diversity is not an This is especially relevant at a time when whether officers were targeting black motorists. issue; until then, we must safeguard the public police are working through the emotionally and Today most major police departments record trust and confidence by respecting all citizens, politically charged allegation of racial profiling and analyse such data. It does reveal certain facts ethical conduct, being accountable for the trans- and the resulting fall-out. We must rise to tackle but no one — not the courts, police or civil rights gressions of our people and acting decisively these difficult and painful issues head on. Racial groups — know precisely what it shows. For all to deal with them. If we lose the public’s trust, profiling, better defined as racially biased polic- the hysteria, debate, controversy and number all is lost! ing, is one of the most complex, disturbing and crunching, to this day there’s no agreement about I also strongly believe that the relationships controversial issues we’ve been confronted with. what racial profiling looks like on paper, how to we form with each other and our citizens are A Toronto Star series accused the Toronto accurately measure it or what to do about it. vital to ensuring a healthy and effective pro- Police Service of systemically profiling black For me, that’s the irrefutable reality — that fession. Our collective desire to achieve the greater good will ultimately overcome much of the unfair and unjust criticism and percep- tions that seems to plague our profession. No amount of race based data, analysis or debate can replace the crucial need for officers 2004 Supply & Services Guide 45 K9 Storm 23 911 Supply 18 Kinwood Audio Visual 15 to treat everyone professionally, with dignity, Advanced Interactive Systems 49 Laser Labs 27 respect and fairness. This to me represents the Alasdair Cook & Associates 71 LETS 26 benchmark of excellence we must strive to Alpine Joe Sportswear 21 Leupold 7 achieve in all that we do, all the time. Artcal Graphics & Screen Printing 15 Lloyd Libke Law Enforcement Sales 29 Atlantic Police & Security Supply 23 Maritime Services Police & Security 72 We must move from discussions and proc- BCIT 43 Matte Industries 20 esses that address the mere symptoms of under- Bellwood Health Services 47 MD Charlton 48, 65 lying issues to a clear vision. One that shows Blue Line Reading Library 28 Medtronic Physio Control 74 Blue Line Trade Show 49, 67, 75, 76, 77 Mega Tech 40, 41 courage and intellect beyond useless debate. BMW Group 54 MicroSurvey Software 42 As the International Association of Chiefs of BOA Handcuff 27 Northrop Grumman 44 Police stated, “bias free policing is a critical cor- Canada Law Book 39 Novo Technologie 2 nerstone for upholding professional ethics in law Carruthers Shaw & Partners Architects 30 Pacific Safety Products 79 Ceramic Protection Corp 72 Panasonic 80 enforcement. It is vitally important to strengthen- Conrad Grebel University College 24 Peerless Handcuffs 35 ing public trust and confidence in our actions and Corporate Security Supply 20 Pelican 36 responsibilities and is an essential element in CVDS 70 Pride in Service 8, 25 Dalhousie University 22 P.W. Allen 16 maintaining community support for tolerance and Danner Shoes 32, 33 R. Nicholls 12 understanding of our actions as we perform our davTech Analytical Services 31 RPLB Architects 17 responsibilities as law enforcement officials.” Decataur 9 Savage Range Systems 49 Dictaphone Canada 67 Second Chance 68 Without those values firmly entrenched Diemaco Law Enforcement 57 Sensors & Software 52 within an organization and its people, all the DuPont 4 Sigarms 5 rest is academic and, quite frankly, a waste of Emergency Vehicle Restoration 38 Spike Camp 67 time, energy and resources. They must be wo- Federal Signal 73 Tac Wear 34 First Choice Armor 13 Teijin Twaron 37 ven into all that we do. Gordon Contract Shoes 19 Tetragon Tasse 10 We must develop and implement strategies Henry’s 67 The Shooting Edge 57 and initiatives relevant to our respective organi- Hirsch Precision 42 Thomson Nelson 25 Hi-Tec Intervention 11 Triform 11 zations and communities. I strongly believe that Human Resources System Group 26 University of Alberta 56 when all is said and done – all that we do, how Instrument Technology Inc 29 Westervelt College 35 we are perceived and our trustworthiness and Integral Designs 71 Wolverine Supplies 25 credibility comes down to how we treat people. International Police Association 57 xwave 14 John E. Reid 43 Zoll Canada 69 This commentary is an edited extract of a recent speech by Chief Julian Fantino of the Toronto Police Service and supplied to Blue Line Magazine for publication.

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 78 FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 79 PANASONIC

FEBRUARYJune 2003 2004 80