CHAPTER VI FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION 243-251 6.1 Introduction 243 6.2 Attainment of Objectives 243 6.3 Findings & conclusion 245 6.4 Suggestions 248 6.5 Contribution 250 6.6 Scope for further study. 251

BIBLIOGRAPHY 252-260

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LIST OF TABLES Table Page No. Details No. 2.1 Table showing list of Indian Companies publishing sustainability reports 30 from 2001 to 2011 2.2 Table showing list of Indian Companies publishing sustainability reports 32 consecutively for 4 years from 2007-08 to 2010-11 as per GRI 2.3 Table showing Indicators and sub indicators showing sustainability 36 performance as per GRI G3 guidelines 3.1 Tables showing no. of documents referred for review of literature 39 4.1 Table showing Companies under study 69

4.2 Table showing Status of indicators Reporting 69

III 4.3 Table showing economic Indicators reported by WIPRO 74 4.4 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by WIPRO 74 4.5 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 74 reported by WIPRO 4.6 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by WIPRO 75

4.7 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by WIPRO 75

4.8 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 75 WIPRO TCS 4.9 Table showing economic Indicators reported by TCS 79

4.10 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by TCS 79

4.11 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 79 reported by TCS 4.12 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by TCS 80 4.13 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by TCS 80 4.14 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 80 TCS 4.15 Table showing economic Indicators reported by TATA STEEL 84 4.16 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by TATA STEEL 85 4.17 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 85 reported by TATA STEEL 4.18 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by TATA 85 STEEL 4.19 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by TATA STEEL 86 4.20 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 86 TATA STEEL

IV 4.21 Table showing economic Indicators reported by TATA MOTORS 90 4.22 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by TATA MOTORS 91 4.23 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 91 reported by TATA MOTORS 4.24 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by TATA 91 MOTORS 4.25 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by TATA MOTORS 92 4.26 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 92 TATA MOTORS SHREE CEMENT 4.27 Table showing economic Indicators reported by SHREE CEMENT 97 4.28 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by SHREE CEMENT 97 4.29 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 97 reported by SHREE CEMENT 4.30 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by SHREE 98 CEMENT 4.31 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by SHREE CEMENT 98 4.32 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 98 SHREE CEMENT SESA GOA

4.33 Table showing economic Indicators reported by SESA GOA 102 4.34 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by SESA GOA 102 4.35 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 102 reported by SESA GOA 4.36 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by SESA GOA 103 4.37 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by SESA GOA 103 4.38 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 103 SESA GOA RELIANCE I LTD. 4.39 Table showing economic Indicators reported by RELIANCE I LTD. 107 4.40 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by RELIANCE I LTD. 107 4.41 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 108 reported by RELIANCE 1 LTD. 4.42 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by 108 RELIANCE I LTD. 4.43 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by RELIANCE I 108 LTD. 4.44 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 109 RELIANCE I LTD. MAHINDRA 4.45 Table showing economic Indicators reported by MAHINDRA 113 4.46 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by MAHINDRA 114 4.47 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 114 reported by MAHINDRA 4.48 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by 114 MAHINDRA 4.49 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by MAHINDRA 115 4.50 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 115 MAHINDRA L«&T 4.51 Table showing economic Indicators reported by L&T 119 4.52 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by L&T 120 4.53 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 120 reported by L&T 4.54 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by L&T 120 4.55 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by L&T 121 4.56 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 121 L&T

VI JUBILANT 4.57 Table showing economic Indicators reported by JUBILANT 125 4.58 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by JUBILANT 125 4.59 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 126 reported by JUBILANT 4.60 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by 126 JUBILANT 4.61 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by JUBILANT 126 4.62 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 127 JUBILANT JSW 4.63 Table showing economic Indicators reported by JSW 131 4.64 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by JSW 131 4.65 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 131 reported by JSW 4.66 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by JSW 132

4.67 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by JSW 132 4.68 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 132 JSW ITC 4.69 Table showing economic Indicators reported by ITC 136 4.70 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by ITC 137 4.71 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 137 reported by ITC 4.72 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by ITC 137 4.73 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by ITC 138 4.74 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 138 ITC

VII 4.75 Table showing economic Indicators reported by INFOSYS 141 4.76 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by INFOSYS 142 4.77 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 142 reported by INFOSYS 4.78 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by INFOSYS 142 4.79 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by INFOSYS 143 4.80 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 143 INFOSYS BPCL 4.81 Table showing economic Indicators reported by BPCL 147 4.82 Table showing Environment Indicators reported by BPCL 147 4.83 Table showing Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) Indicators 148 reported by BPCL 4.84 Table showing Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by BPCL 148 4.85 Table showing Society (Social) Indicators reported by BPCL 148 4.86 Table showing Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported by 149 BPCL

5.1 Table showing no of core and additional Indicators of pillars of 151 sustainability 5.2 Table showing Economic Indicators with the explanation of content 151 5.3 Table showing Environmental Indicators with the explanation of content 152 5.4 Table showing Social -Labour Work & Decent Practice Indicators with 155 the explanation of content 5.5 Table showing Social - Human Right Indicators with the explanation of 156 content 5.6 Table showing Social - society Indicators Indicators with the explanation 158 of content 5.7 Table showing Product Responsibility Indicators with the explanation of 159 content

VIM 5.8 Table showing Economic Indicators reported by the Companies for four 161 years 5.9 Table showing Total Environmental Indicators reported by the 163 Companies for four years 5.10 Table showing Total Labour Practices and Decent Work (Social) 164 Indicators reported by the Companies for four years 5.11 Table showing Total Human Rights (Social) Indicators reported by the 166 Companies for four years 5.12 Table showing Total Society (Social) Indicators reported by the 168 Companies for four years 5.13 Table showing Total Product Responsibility (Social) Indicators reported 169 by the Companies for four years 5.14A Table showing the summary of all additional indicators reported by 171 Indian Companies 5.14B Table showing the summary of all core indicators reported by Indian 172 Companies for four years 5.15 Table showing application of ANOVA to the data. 178 5.16 Table showing Total Economic indicator wise reporting percentage by 179 the companies 5.17 Table showing Total Environmental indicator wise reporting percentage 180 by the companies 5.18 Table showing Labour Practice and Decent Work ( Social) indicator 182 wise reporting percentage by the companies 5.19 Table showing Total Human Right ( Social) indicator wise reporting 183 percentage by the companies 5.20 Table showing Total Society (Social) indicator wise reporting 184 percentage by the companies 5.21 Table showing Total Product Responsibility (Social) indicator wise 185 reporting percentage by the companies 5.22 Table showing the indicators related to the issues & its reporting 186 percentage 5.23 Table showing the summary of the reporting percentage of indicators 189 related to the issues.

IX 5.24 Table showing observed frequencies in percentage of indicators related 208 with social issues 5.25 Table showing Chi Square values of the data of indicators related with 209 social issues 5.26 Table showing short listed Indicators for measuring the performance 211 5.27 Table showing 4 years' Economic performance of Indian companies. 212 5.28 Table showing 4years' Environmental performance of Indian 215 companies 5.29 Table showing Environmental performance of Indian companies in 218 Percentage 5.30 Table showing improvement in Economic & Environmental 219 performance 5.31 Table showing improvement in economic and environmental 221 performance year wise in percentage 5.32 Table showing application of T test for economic performance data 224 5.33 Table showing application of T test for environmental performance data 225 5.34 Table showing indicators motivating company to implement good and 226 innovative practices 5.35 Table showing unique practices disclosed by the companies 227 5.36 Table showing Scope for improvement in performance ir-^^p-^ctive of 238 maturity of sustainability Reporting 5.37 Table showing data for application of T test 24!

LIST OF GRAPHS No. Details Page No. 1.1 Sustainable Development 5 5.1 Total Core reporting of four years in % 173 5.2 Economic Core Indicators reporting in % 174 5.3 Environmental Core Indicators reporting in % 175 5.4 Labour Practices & Decent Work Core Indicators reporting in % 175