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John Beddoe, M.D., Ll.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S
Obituary JOHN BEDDOE, M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. It was oniy m our last volume ^1910, page 359; mat we gave a review of Dr. Beddoe's life as gathered from his own Memories of Eighty Years (Arrowsmith). He is no longer able to write his own biography, but who could write this better than himself in the life-story he has given us ? It becomes our duty to record our appreciation of the work he has done during his eighty-four years, and to express our regret that the record is now closed. He has been called a veteran British anthropo- logist, and as such his reputation is world-wide as an erudite writer and a brilliant authority on all questions of ethnology and anthropology. But it is more particularly as a physician, and his work in the medical field, to which we would now refer. He was Physician to the Bristol Royal Infirmary from 1862 to 1873, when he resigned his office in order that he might have more leisure for his favourite scientific pursuits. For many years he was one of the leading physicians of the district, and it was a cause of great regret to a large circle of medical and other friends and patients when he retired from his work here and made his home at Bradford-on-Avon, where he died on July 19th, his funeral taking place at Edinburgh on July 22nd,. 1911. He held several other medical appointments in Bristol. The Hospital for Sick Women and Children, the Dispensary in Castle Green, and many other institutions claimed him from time to time as physician or consulting physician, and he was. -
Formal and Informal Networks of Knowledge and Etheldred Benett's
Journal of Literature and Science Volume 8, No. 1 (2015) ISSN 1754-646X Susan Pickford, “Social Authorship, Networks of Knowledge”: 69-85 “I have no pleasure in collecting for myself alone”:1 Social Authorship, Networks of Knowledge and Etheldred Benett’s Catalogue of the Organic Remains of the County of Wiltshire (1831) Susan Pickford As with many other fields of scientific endeavour, the relationship between literature and geology has proved a fruitful arena for research in recent years. Much of this research has focused on the founding decades of the earth sciences in the early- to mid-nineteenth century, with recent articles by Gowan Dawson and Laurence Talairach-Vielmas joining works such as Noah Heringman’s Romantic Rocks, Aesthetic Geology (2003), Ralph O’Connor’s The Earth on Show: Fossils and the Poetics of Popular Science, 1802-1856 (2007), Virginia Zimmerman’s Excavating Victorians (2008) and Adelene Buckland’s Novel Science: Fiction and the Invention of Nineteenth-Century Geology (2013), to explore the rhetorical and narrative strategies of writings in the early earth sciences. It has long been noted that the most institutionally influential early geologists formed a cohort of eager young men who, having no tangible interests in the economic and practical applications of their chosen field, were in a position to develop a passionately Romantic engagement with nature, espousing an apocalyptic rhetoric of catastrophes past and borrowing epic imagery from Milton and Dante (Buckland 9, 14-15). However, as Buckland further notes, this argument – though persuasive as far as it goes – fails to take into account the broad social range of participants in the construction of early geological knowledge. -
Eugenics & Making of Post-Classical Economics
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book Jepson School of Leadership Studies chapters and other publications 2003 Denying Human Homogeneity: Eugenics & Making of Post-Classical Economics Sandra J. Peart University of Richmond, [email protected] David M. Levy Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/jepson-faculty-publications Part of the Behavioral Economics Commons, and the Economic History Commons Recommended Citation Peart, Sandra J., and David M. Levy. "Denying Human Homogeneity: Eugenics & The akM ing of Post-Classical Economics." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 25, no. 03 (2003): 261-88. doi:10.1080/1042771032000114728. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Jepson School of Leadership Studies at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, Volume 25, Number 3, September 2003 DENYING HUMAN HOMOGENEITY: EUGENICS & THE MAKING OF POST- CLASSICAL ECONOMICS BY SANDRA J. PEART AND DAVID M. LEVY I believe that now and always the conscious selection of the best for reproduction will be impossible; that to propose it is to display a fundamental misunderstand- ing of what individuality implies. The way of nature has always been to slay the hindmost, and there is still no other way, unless we can prevent those who would become the hindmost being born. It is in the sterilization of failures, and not in the selection of successes for breeding, that the possibility of an improvement of the human stock lies. -
The Wyley History of the Geologists' Association in the 50 Years 1958
THE WYLEY HISTORY OF THE GEOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION 1958–2008 Leake, Bishop & Howarth ASSOCIATION THE GEOLOGISTS’ OF HISTORY WYLEY THE The Wyley History of the Geologists’ Association in the 50 years 1958–2008 by Bernard Elgey Leake, Arthur Clive Bishop ISBN 978-0900717-71-0 and Richard John Howarth 9 780900 717710 GAHistory_cover_A5red.indd 1 19/08/2013 16:12 The Geologists’ Association, founded in 1858, exists to foster the progress and Bernard Elgey Leake was Professor of Geology (now Emeritus) in the diffusion of the science of Geology. It holds lecture meetings in London and, via University of Glasgow and Honorary Keeper of the Geological Collections in the Local Groups, throughout England and Wales. It conducts field meetings and Hunterian Museum (1974–97) and is now an Honorary Research Fellow in the School publishes Proceedings, the GA Magazine, Field Guides and Circulars regularly. For of Earth and Ocean Sciences in Cardiff University. He joined the GA in 1970, was further information apply to: Treasurer from 1997–2009 and is now an Honorary Life Member. He was the last The Executive Secretary, sole editor of the Journal of the Geological Society (1972–4); Treasurer (1981–5; Geologists’ Association, 1989–1996) and President (1986–8) of the Geological Society and President of the Burlington House, Mineralogical Society (1998–2000). He is a petrologist, geochemist, mineralogist, Piccadilly, a life-long mapper of the geology of Connemara, Ireland and a Fellow of the London W1J 0DU Royal Society of Edinburgh. He has held research Fellowships in the Universities of phone: 020 74349298 Liverpool (1955–7), Western Australia (1985) and Canterbury, NZ (1999) and a e-mail: [email protected] lectureship and Readership at the University of Bristol (1957–74). -
Mary Anning of Lyme Regis: 19Th Century Pioneer in British Palaeontology
Headwaters Volume 26 Article 14 2009 Mary Anning of Lyme Regis: 19th Century Pioneer in British Palaeontology Larry E. Davis College of St. Benedict / St. John's University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/headwaters Part of the Geology Commons, and the Paleontology Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Larry E. (2009) "Mary Anning of Lyme Regis: 19th Century Pioneer in British Palaeontology," Headwaters: Vol. 26, 96-126. Available at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/headwaters/vol26/iss1/14 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Headwaters by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LARRY E. DAVIS Mary Anning of Lyme Regis 19th Century Pioneer in British Palaeontology Ludwig Leichhardt, a 19th century German explorer noted in a letter, “… we had the pleasure of making the acquaintance of the Princess of Palaeontology, Miss Anning. She is a strong, energetic spinster of about 28 years of age, tanned and masculine in expression …” (Aurousseau, 1968). Gideon Mantell, a 19th century British palaeontologist, made a less flattering remark when he wrote in his journal, “… sallied out in quest of Mary An- ning, the geological lioness … we found her in a little dirt shop with hundreds of specimens piled around her in the greatest disorder. She, the presiding Deity, a prim, pedantic vinegar looking female; shred, and rather satirical in her conversation” (Curwin, 1940). Who was Mary Anning, this Princess of Palaeontology and Geological Lioness (Fig. -
The Historiography of Archaeology and Canon Greenwell
The Historiography of Archaeology and Canon Greenwell Tim Murray ([email protected]) In this paper I will focus the bulk of my remarks on setting studies of Canon Greenwell in two broader contexts. The first of these comprises the general issues raised by research into the historiography of archaeology, which I will exemplify through reference to research and writing I have been doing on a new book A History of Prehistoric Archaeology in England, and a new single-volume history of archaeology Milestones in Archaeology, which is due to be completed this year. The second, somewhat narrower context, has to do with situating Greenwell within the discourse of mid-to-late 19th century race theory, an aspect of the history of archaeology that has yet to attract the attention it deserves from archaeologists and historians of anthropology (but see e.g. Morse 2005). Discussing both of these broader contexts will, I hope, help us address and answer questions about the value of the history of archaeology (and of research into the histories of archaeologists), and the links between these histories and a broader project of understanding the changing relationships between archaeology and its cognate disciplines such as anthropology and history. My comments about the historiography of archaeology are in part a reaction to developments that have occurred over the last decade within archaeology, but in larger part a consequence of my own interest in the field. Of course the history of archaeology is not the sole preserve of archaeologists, and it is one of the most encouraging signs that historians of science, and especially historians writing essentially popular works (usually biographies), have paid growing attention to archaeology and its practitioners. -
Archibald Geikie (1835–1924): a Pioneer Scottish Geologist, Teacher, and Writer
ROCK STARS Archibald Geikie (1835–1924): A Pioneer Scottish Geologist, Teacher, and Writer Rasoul Sorkhabi, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA; [email protected] years later, but there he learned how to write reports. Meanwhile, he read every geology book he could find, including John Playfair’s Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory, Henry de la Beche’s Geological Manual, Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology, and Hugh Miller’s The Old Red Sandstone. BECOMING A GEOLOGIST In the summer of 1851, while the Great Exhibition in London was attracting so many people, Geikie decided instead to visit the Island of Arran in the Clyde estuary and study its geology, aided by a brief report by Andrew Ramsay of the British Geological Survey. Geikie came back with a report titled “Three weeks in Arran by a young geologist,” published that year in the Edinburgh News. This report impressed Hugh Miller so much that the renowned geologist invited its young author to discuss geology over a cup of tea. Miller became Geikie’s first mentor. In this period, Geikie became acquainted with local scientists and pri- vately studied chemistry, mineralogy, and geology under Scottish naturalists, such as George Wilson, Robert Chambers, John Fleming, James Forbes, and Andrew Ramsay—to whom he con- fessed his desire to join the Geological Survey. In 1853, Geikie visited the islands of Skye and Pabba off the coast Figure 1. Archibald Geikie as a young geolo- of Scotland and reported his observations of rich geology, including gist in Edinburgh. (Photo courtesy of the British Geological Survey, probably taken in finds of Liassic fossils. -
Oceania in the Science of Race, 1750–1850
Chapter Two 'Novus Orbis Australis':1 Oceania in the science of race, 1750-1850 Bronwen Douglas In December 1828, the leading comparative anatomist Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) made a triumphalist presidential address (1829) to the annual general assembly of the Société de Géographie in Paris. He reminded his audience of the recent ©conquests of geography© which had revealed to the world the ©greatly varied tribes and countless islands© that the Ocean had thus far ©rendered unknown to the rest of humanity©. Cuvier©s ©conquests© were not merely topographical: ©our voyagers© in Oceania were ©philosophers and naturalists, no less than astronomers and surveyors©. They collected the ©products© of lands visited, studied the ©languages and customs© of the inhabitants, and enriched ©our museums, grammars and lexicons© as much as ©our atlases and maps©. ©Saved for science© in archives, natural history collections, and lavishly illustrated publications, this copious legacy of the classic era of scientific voyaging between 1766 and 1840 propelled Oceania to the empirical forefront of European knowledge Ð not least in the natural history of man and the nascent discipline of anthropology which made prime subject matter of the descriptions, portraits, plaster busts, human bodily remains, and artefacts repatriated by antipodean travellers and residents. History can be a potent antidote to the spurious aura of reality and permanence that infects reified concepts. This chapter and the previous one dislodge the realism of ©race© by historicizing it but do -
Palaeolithic Continental Europe
World Archaeology at the Pitt Rivers Museum: A Characterization edited by Dan Hicks and Alice Stevenson, Archaeopress 2013, page 216-239 10 Palaeolithic Continental Europe Alison Roberts 10.1 Introduction The collection of Palaeolithic material from Continental Europe in the Pitt Rivers Museum (PRM) is almost of equivalent size to the collection from the British Isles (see Chapter 9), but is not nearly as well known or as well published. It consists mainly of material from France that seems to have been an under-acknowledged highlight of the PRM archaeological collections for most of the 20th century. Despite the obvious care with which French Palaeolithic material was acquired by the museum, especially during the curatorship of Henry Balfour, the collection has mainly been used for teaching and display, rather than as a research resource. Due to the historic lack of work on the collection so far, this chapter presents a preliminary overview, to orient and inform future research, rather than a full account of the collections. The exact numbers of Palaeolithic objects from Europe are difficult to state with certainty due to factors such as unquantified batch registration of groups of objects in the past, and missing or incorrect cultural attributions in the documentation. However, it is estimated that there are c. 3,760 Palaeolithic objects from continental Europe in the PRM, c. 534 of which are from the founding collection of the PRM (PRMFC)(1). The majority of the material comprises c. 3,585 objects from France (Figure 10.1), with smaller collections from Belgium (c. 63 objects), Italy (c. -
Mary Anning: Princess of Palaeontology and Geological Lioness
The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon Volume 84 Issue 1 Article 8 1-6-2012 Mary Anning: Princess of Palaeontology and Geological Lioness Larry E. Davis College of St. Benedict / St. John's University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/compass Part of the Paleontology Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Larry E. (2012) "Mary Anning: Princess of Palaeontology and Geological Lioness," The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon: Vol. 84: Iss. 1, Article 8. Available at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/compass/vol84/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Figure. 1. Portrait of Mary Anning, in oils, probably painted by William Gray in February, 1842, for exhibition at the Royal Academy, but rejected. The portrait includes the fossil cliffs of Lyme Bay in the background. Mary is pointing at an ammonite, with her companion Tray dutifully curled beside the ammonite protecting the find. The portrait eventually became the property of Joseph, Mary‟s brother, and in 1935, was presented to the Geology Department, British Museum, by Mary‟s great-great niece Annette Anning (1876-1938). The portrait is now in the Earth Sciences Library, British Museum of Natural History. A similar portrait in pastels by B.J.M. Donne, hangs in the entry hall of the Geological Society of London. -
Caucasian Race 1 Caucasian Race
Caucasian race 1 Caucasian race The term Caucasian race (also Caucasoid, Europid, or Europoid[1] ) has been used to denote the general physical type of some or all of the indigenous populations of Europe, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia.[2] Historically, the term has been used to describe the entire population of these regions, without regard necessarily to skin tone. In common use, specifically in American English, the term is sometimes restricted to Europeans and other lighter-skinned populations within these areas, and may be considered equivalent to the varying definitions of white people.[3] The 4th edition of Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (Leipzig, 1885-1890) shows the Caucasian race (in blue) as comprising Aryans, Semites and Hamites. Aryans are further subdivided into European Aryans and Indo-Aryans (the latter corresponding to the group now designated Indo-Iranians). Adjacent to the Caucasians are the Sudan-Negroes to the south (shown in brown), the Dravidians in India (shown in green) and Asians to the east (shown in yellow, subsuming the peoples now grouped under Uralic and Altaic (light yellow) and Sino-Tibetan (solid yellow)). Origin of the concept The concept of a Caucasian race or Varietas Caucasia was developed around 1800 by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, a German scientist and classical anthropologist.[4] Blumenbach named it after the peoples of the Caucasus (from the Caucasus region), whom he considered to be the archetype for the grouping.[5] He based his classification of the -
Flinders Petrie, Race Theory and Biometrics
Challis, D 2016 Skull Triangles: Flinders Petrie, Race Theory and Biometrics. Bulletin of Bofulletin the History of Archaeology, 26(1): 5, pp. 1–8, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bha-556 the History of Archaeology RESEARCH PAPER Skull Triangles: Flinders Petrie, Race Theory and Biometrics Debbie Challis* In 1902 the Egyptian archaeologist William Matthew Flinders Petrie published a graph of triangles indi- cating skull size, shape and ‘racial ability’. In the same year a paper on Naqada crania that had been excavated by Petrie’s team in 1894–5 was published in the anthropometric journal Biometrika, which played an important part in the methodology of cranial measuring in biometrics and helped establish Karl Pearson’s biometric laboratory at University College London. Cicely D. Fawcett’s and Alice Lee’s paper on the variation and correlation of the human skull used the Naqada crania to argue for a controlled system of measurement of skull size and shape to establish homogeneous racial groups, patterns of migration and evolutionary development. Their work was more cautious in tone and judgement than Petrie’s pro- nouncements on the racial origins of the early Egyptians but both the graph and the paper illustrated shared ideas about skull size, shape, statistical analysis and the ability and need to define ‘race’. This paper explores how Petrie shared his archaeological work with a broad number of people and disciplines, including statistics and biometrics, and the context for measuring and analysing skulls at the turn of the twentieth century. The archaeologist William Matthew Flinders Petrie’s The graph vividly illustrates Petrie’s ideas about biologi- belief in biological determinism and racial hierarchy was cal racial difference in a hierarchy that matched brain size informed by earlier ideas and current developments in and skull shape to assumptions about intelligence.