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Virginia State Capitol and Capitol Square

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Virginia State Capitol and Capitol Square Virginia State Capitol and Capitol Square In 1779, the Virginia Legislature voted to move the capital from Williamsburg to Richmond. Until a permanent Capitol could be built, the Virginia General Assembly met in two wood-framed buildings at the corner of what is now 14th Street and Cary Street. With Richmond as the new capital, six squares of land were selected for the placement of permanent public buildings. In 1788, the Thomas Jefferson designed Capitol was considered finished enough to house the Virginia General Assembly. Jefferson’s Roman temple form building is the middle portion of the present-day Capitol. The original building was expanded in 1906 with the addition of two wings, and again in 2007 with an underground extension. The architecturally and historically important building is designated as a National Historic Landmark and tentatively listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The public area surrounding the Capitol was originally a weed-filled open square with informal lanes and footpaths. In 1816, the Virginia General Assembly hired French-born Maximilian Godefroy to lay out a formal park. Two years later, the newly landscaped grounds were enclosed by the cast- and wrought-iron fence still in place today, and this area eventually came to be called Capitol Square. While retaining aspects of Godefroy’s framework, Scottish-born John Notman developed an 1850 overlay plan of meandering walkways and native trees and shrubs that gave Capitol Square much of the character and appeal it retains today. This designed historic landscape is nationally significant. Broad Street 12th Street Patrick Henry Building General Assembly Building Old City Hall Originally the Virginia State Library and Originally the Life Insurance Company of Built: 1887-94 Archives and the Virginia Supreme Court Virginia Building Now State Owned Designed: 1912 Built: 1938-40 Additions: 1922, 1955, 1964 Ninth Street Public Safety Memorial Darden Garden Capitol Street Steps Morson’s St. Peter’s Office Row Catholic Building U.S. Senator Gov. Gen. Dr. Church William Smith Thomas J. Jackson Hunter Holmes Steps Harry F. Byrd, Sr. Civil Rights Originally the statue statue McGuire statue Memorial Hotel Richmond statue Aluminum Built: 1904 Building Washington Governor Street Additions: 1911 Zero milestone Equestrian Monument The Avenue Executive Grace Street Mansion Zincke Building Senate Virginia House Steps Cottage St Paul’s Episcopal of State of Church Virginia Capitol Delegates 9th Street Portico Edgar Allan Poe statue Ceremonial Oliver W. Hill Building walk Originally the State Library and Iron fence Supreme Court Building Virginia Supreme Court Steps Built: 1893-95 Steps Last additions: 2005 Fountain Fountain Underground Steps extension 8th Street Franklin Street Jefferson Bell Tower Building Built: 1955-56 Washington Building Steps Steps Visitor Entrance Built: 1922-23 Steps Bank Street 12th Street 10th Street Federal Courthouse Pocahontas State Office Federal Courthouse Building Copyright Virginia House of Delegates Information & Communication Services (ICS), House of Delegates Clerk’s Office in partnership with Capitol Square Preservation Council, State Capitol, P.O. Box 406, Richmond, Virginia 23218 September 2015 (804) 698-1500 or Toll Free 1-877-391-FACT · [email protected] · virginiageneralassembly.gov · G. Paul Nardo, Clerk of the House of Delegates Capitol Square Washington Equestrian Monument Statues, Monuments, and Trees The Executive Mansion A large equestrian statue of George Washington atop In the southwest corner of the Square near the Bell Tower The National Historic Landmark Executive Mansion a granite pedestal is located just northwest of the [B], which was completed in 1825 for use by the Virginia [K] is located just northeast of the Capitol within the Capitol at the formal entrance to the square [A]. This Public Guard, is a seated statue of Edgar Allan Poe [C]. grounds of the Square. Designed by Boston architect monument was conceived to honor Washington and to Poe grew up in Richmond and returned years later to edit Alexander Parris, the Federal-style mansion has been the glorify Virginia’s contributions to our nation’s indepen- The Southern Literary Messenger. On the grounds north official residence of Virginia governors and their fami- dence. Virginia’s role in the Revolution is represented of the Capitol are the zero milestone [D], for measuring lies since its completion in March 1813. With additions by bronze statues of six soldiers and statesmen, which highway distances from Richmond, and bronze statues of in 1906 and 1914, it is our nation’s oldest purpose-built surround the mounted figure of General Washington at former Virginia Governor and U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, executive mansion still serving that use today. the top of the granite monument. Smaller allegorical Sr. [E]; William “Extra Billy” Smith, Governor of Virginia figures below the six standing statues are inscribed and Confederate Brigadier General [F]; Confederate Major The Executive Mansion is the third state-owned gover- with themes reflecting each patriot’s contribution: An- General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson [G]; and Dr. Hunt- nor’s residence. The first two governors under the Con- drew Lewis, Colonial Times; Patrick Henry, Revolu- er Holmes McGuire, a respected Southern surgeon [H]. stitution of 1776, Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson, tion; George Mason, Bill of Rights; Thomas Jefferson, occupied the Governor’s Palace in Williamsburg. In Independence; Thomas Nelson, Jr., Finance; and John Among those honored with trees on the grounds are pres- the spring of 1780, Governor Jefferson moved with the idents Washington and Tyler, governors Colgate Darden, Marshall, Justice. government to the new capital of Richmond. For a short Charles Robb, and Gerald Baliles, and Nobel Peace Prize period of time after that, Virginia’s governors occupied Laureate Martin Luther King, Jr. Among new monuments American Sculptor Thomas Crawford designed the rental properties. on Capitol Square is one honoring Virginians who were monument and completed the statues of Washington, active in the Civil Rights movement during the 1950s and Jefferson, and Henry. The cornerstone was laid on Around 1781, the second governor’s residence was 60s [I]. Outside the fence is a new memorial that honors Washington’s birthday, February 22, 1850, and the public safety workers killed in the line of duty [J]. Fu- purchased in Richmond on almost the same spot the Washington Statue was unveiled on February 22, 1858. ture monuments planned for the West Dell will honor the Executive Mansion stands today. This second building Crawford died in 1857 before completing the mon- achievements of Virginia women and pay tribute to Virginia was home to three future U.S. presidents: James Mon- ument. His American colleague, Randolph Rogers, Indians. roe as Governor, and John Tyler, Jr. and William Henry executed the statues of Mason, Marshall, Nelson, and Harrison while their fathers were governors. In 1811, Lewis, as well as the allegorical figures, the last of Governor John Tyler, Sr. brought about the decision to which was put into place in 1869. build the current residence. The Virginia General Assem- B C D bly directed “the building of a house for the use of the Governor of the Commonwealth, on the lot on which the present Executive Mansion stands.” E F G A K H I J.
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