2 IAS 2022 PROGRAMME HIGHLIGHTS

It is a programme that helps you to cover complete GS Mains through Assessment Based Learning.

It is not a regular Test focus will be equally on Concept Building and Answer Writing Practice.

Concept Class will be conducted before every Test to provide Broader Vision and Conceptual Clarity of the subject.

For Gradual Assessment and Improvement the Program is divided into Conceptual Tests + Contemporary Issues + Applied GS Tests + Mock Tests

Approach and Answer Hints are provided after every Test.

Discussion Classes are designed in such a way that they can provide Value Addition on the other related topics of the respective Test. It also includes Answer Writing Approach for every Paper.

Answer Sheets will be Evaluated by the Experts only.

One on One Discussion with respective Faculty after Copy Evaluation.

Copy Evaluation and Feedback system has been designed to provide Relevant Insights and Feedback to each candidate as per his/her Performance.

Study Plan will be provided for each subject which will include –Schema (Detailed Syllabus), Self-Assessment Test, Value Added Material and Refl ective Exercise. MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 3

STUDY PLAN

As we know that the syllabus for this exam is quite elaborative. This can sometimes be daunting for a student. But if we have a structured plan in front of us we can manage the exhaustive syllabus in a very effective manner. Study plan will help you to control your preparation. We shall provide you with a Study Plan. This plan will fi ll the gap between the tests. The plan is designed in such a way that keeps you engaged with a particular subject till the time you appear for the test. This will also ensure maximum output in the test. This study plan consists of the following exercises: 1. CONCEPT CLASS Concept Class before every test will give you broader Vision and conceptual clarity of the subject 2. SCHEMA Schema is a micro detailing of the syllabus which will be provided in PDF. Schema allows you to integrate your preparation and cover maximum dimension. It can be used as a tracker to analyse each subject topic wise. 3. SELF ASSESSMENT TEST In self-assessment test student will be provided some subject specifi c questions along with answers in PDF which will help them to practice answers and then evaluate it themselves. 4. VALUE ADDED MATERIAL In Value Added Material students will receive compact PDF notes for revision of contemporary issues for mains. 5. REFLECTIVE EXERCISE Refl ective exercise PDF will contain questions only which will help student to refl ect on what they have learned and to relate that learning to some specifi c context. 6. MAINS TEST & DISCUSSION More than 1500 concepts will be covered through discussions.

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 4 IAS 2022

FEATURES

1. Assessment Apart from test Series this program will also provide subject wise study plan Mains Test Series provides a platform and will help to fi ll the gaps between for checking one’s preparation level as tests. well as the status of time and speed management. 4. For Freshers & Experienced It gives aspirants an idea about writing It is benefi cial for both freshers and an articulated answer in sync with the experienced as it will provide broader conceptual requirement of the question scope for answer writing practice with asked. respect to both Conceptual and Inter- 2. Syllabus Coverage disciplinary approach of the syllabus.

Programme consists of: 5. Pre Class and Test ! Conceptual Tests : 21 Discussions ! Essay Mock Test : 04 There will be coverage of the concerned ! Applied GS Test : 06 syllabus area along with each question. ! Mock Tests : 08 Instead of merely discussing the The numbers of tests are high as it answer, which is already present in will help the aspirant in covering whole the detailed hints provided, we focus syllabus in depth along with on broader discussions on the issue, interdisciplinary approach. sometimes also covering alternate questions on the same topic. 3. Uniqueness 6. Study Material The trend and pattern of questions asked in UPSC changes each year. Study Material on the Contemporary Predictability of pattern become diffi cult Topics will be provided as Value thus one should prepare holistically for Addition Material to the Test Series. the examination. This programme has been designed to cater that. Regular Test Series is merely inclined for answer writing only, however, this test series covers both concepts + answer writing practice. **********

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 5

TEST SCHEDULE

Discussion Classes will be conducted after every Sectional Test

Test No. of CONCEPT TEST TOPICS TEST DATE No. Quest. CLASSES DATE

Basics of Society and 01 10 20 July, 2021 25 July, 2021 Social Justice

Features of Indian Polity 02 10 23 July, 2021 05 August, 2021 & Constitution

Indian Polity - Executive 03 10 16 August, 2021 & Legislature

Indian Polity - Judiciary 01 August, 2021 + Constitutional & Non 04 10 27 August, 2021 Constitutional Bodies + Institutions + PIC

05 September, 05 Essay Mock-1 08 20 August, 2021 2021

Governance & Social 01 September, 16 September, 06 10 Issues 2021 2021

12 September, 27 September, 07 Indian Culture 10 2021 2021

Modern India 08 10 08 October, 2021 (1757 – 1915) 22 September, 2021 Modern India 09 10 17 October, 2021 (1915 – 1947)

10 Essay Mock - 2 08 09 October, 2021 24 October, 2021

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 6 IAS 2022

Test No. of CONCEPT TEST TOPICS TEST DATE No. Quest. CLASSES DATE

Policies & Reforms in 04 November, 11 10 19 October, 2021 Indian Economy 2021

Sectors of Indian 15 November, 12 10 Economy 2021 01 November, Welfare, Poverty, 2021 01 December, 13 Unemployment And 10 2021 Labour

20 November, 05 December, 14 Essay Mock - 3 08 2021 2021

Physical Geography 16 December, 15 10 (World) 2021 01 December, 2021 Physical Geography 27 December, 16 10 (India) 2021

Human Economic 22 December, 17 10 07 January, 2022 Geography 2021

Ethics - 1: Ethics & 18 10 03 January, 2022 18 January, 2022 Human Interface

Ethics - 2: Ethics & 19 10 14 January, 2022 29 January, 2022 Governance

20 Ethics - 3: Case Studies 06 24 January, 2022 09 February, 2022

21 Essay Mock Test - 4 08 05 February, 2022 20 February, 2022

22 World History 10 17 February, 2022 03 March, 2022

23 International Relations 10 28 February, 2022 14 March, 2022

24 Environment 10 10 March, 2022 25 March, 2022

25 Science & Technology 10 20 March, 2022 06 April, 2022

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 7

APPLIED GS TEST (AFTER PRELIMS)

Test - 26 Indian Economy

Test - 27 Polity and IR

Test - 28 Governance and Society

Test - 29 Science and Technology and Internal Security

Test - 30 Environment and Disaster Management

Test - 31 Applied Ethics

MOCK TESTS (AFTER PRELIMS)

Test - 32 Mock -1: GS Paper 1

Test - 33 Mock -2: GS Paper 2

Test - 34 Mock -3: GS Paper 3

Test - 35 Mock -4: GS Paper 4

Test - 36 Mock -5: GS Paper 1

Test - 37 Mock -6: GS Paper 2

Test - 38 Mock -7: GS Paper 3

Test - 39 Mock -8: GS Paper 4

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 8 IAS 2022 ASSESSMENT & FEEDBACK SYSTEM

Serial No. Criteria Meaning

Used to evaluate the degree of a student’s Knowledge and 1. Content understanding of fundamental concepts

Used to evaluate the fl ow of the answer while moving from 2. Articulation one point to other, with proper introduction to conclusion.

Used to evaluate whether student has been able to Originality/ 3. substantiate or justify the Substantiation point through case studies or examples.

To develop the coherency Clarity in 4. and clarity in expression of Expression answer.

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 9 SELF EVALUATION THROUGH PERFORMANCE MATRIX

STEP-4 CONSISTENCY STEP-3 SUBSTANTIATE THE ANSWER STEP-2 MULTI- STEP-1 DIMENSIONAL ! Maintaining an APPROACH CONCEPTUAL incremental CLARITY upward performance & CLARITY IN ! ! Maintaining a Substantiate EXPRESSION discipline to through facts, write tests in data, fi gures ! regular interval Place correct ! Ability to examples & connect one case studies aspect to ! Knowledge of to justify your another. points the concept ! Able to asked answer all the ! Clarity in sub-parts. expression 4 to deliver the demand of Essential Steps the question in a focused to learn the Art of manner Answer Writing

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 10 IAS 2022

TEST: 1 BASICS OF SOCIETY 25 JULY, 2021 & SOCIAL JUSTICE

INDIAN SOCIETY

UPSC Syllabus  Salient features of Indian Society  Diversity of India  Effects of globalization on Indian society  National Integration, communalism, regionalism & secularism  Role of women and women’s organization  Social empowerment, poverty and developmental issues  Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable section  Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources  Issues relating to poverty and hunger  Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

Sub-Topic Listing

(5) Challenges of Diversity to Unity UNITY IN DIVERSITY (Challenges to National Integration)  Diversity of Constituents (1) Concepts of Unity and Diversity  Regionalism and Cultural Identities (2) Forms of Diversity in India  Casteism (3) Reasons for so much Diversity  Linguism (4) Bonds of Unity In India  Communalism  Geo-political Unity  Social Inequalities  The Institution of Pilgrimage  Regional Disparities  Tradition of Accommodation  Ethno-Nationality and Ethnic Confl icts  Tradition of Interdependence  Tribal Identity  Role of Sensitive Leaders (6) Basic Sociological Concepts  Constitutional Safeguards – Role of Constitution Framers (7) The Family and Kinship MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 11

(8) Concept of Patriarchy In India  Violence Against Women  Developmental Movement SECULARISM, REGIONALISM  Uniform Civil Code AND COMMUNALISM (6) Social Justice (1) Secularism and Secularization  Concept of Casteismin India   Western and Indian Concept Caste and Politics   Process of Secularization The Reservation Policy Debate   Secularism and Forced Conversion in India Social Justice and Social Development (2) Communalism, Fundamentalism and (7) Social Security in India Communal Violence  Concept  Social Security System in India (3) Regionalism  Organized Sector and Social Security  Regionalism in India  Unorganised Sector and Social Security  Types of Regionalism  Centrally Funded Social Assistance  Effects of Regionalism Programmes   Regionalism: Demand for Smaller States Public Initiatives   Strategies to tackle Regionalism Review of the implementation of Social Security Laws in the Country  Sons of Soil Concept  Suggestions for Improving the Social Security SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT Matrix (8) Understanding Poverty (1) Constitutional Provisions Relevant  Dimensions of Poverty to Social Justice & Empowerment of  Linkage between Poverty and Development Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribes  Recommendations of Rangarajan Committee Report (2) Status of Minorities In India  Poverty Alleviation Strategy Since Independence (3) The Scheduled Castes: From Untouchable  Programmes for Poverty Alleviation to Dalit  Concept of Inequality  Population of the Scheduled Castes  Types of Disabilities of the SCs GLOBALIZATION  From Untouchables to the Dalits: The Process of Identity Formation (1) Meaning of Globalization  Combating Mechanism against Caste Atrocities and Violence (2) Reasons for Globalization  The State Efforts for Dalit Emancipation (3) Dimensions/Impact (4) Tribals in India  Political  Chronic Indebtedness  Cultural and Social  Forest Related Problems  Economic  Destruction of the Forest Environment and the Tribal People (4) Anti-Globalization Movement  Development and Displacement (5) New Localism  Analysis of Forest Rights Act (5) Women Movements URBANIZATION & CENSUS  19th Century Women Movements – Under 2011 Social Reform Movements  Women’s Issues DuringGandhian Era (1) Urbanization  Issues in Post Independence Era

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 12 IAS 2022

 Trend and pattern of Urbanization  Recent initiatives  Issues Related to Urbanization in India  Trend and Current Scenario of Literacy in India  Status of Service Delivery and Governance  Literacy Challenges in India as Whole  Urban Development Projects  Efforts to Improve the Literacy in Country  Critical Analysis of Smart City Mission  Child Health Indicators and Maternal Health  Initiatives taken by the Government (2) CENSUS 2011  Why the Health schemes fail to bring change?  Highlights of 2011 Census  Family Planning and Population Policy of India  Analysis of Sex Ratio Data  Analysis on Status of Old Age Population:  Impact of Skewed Ratio Issues & Policy Initiative  Laws related to Prevent Female Infanticide  Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

(1) Secularism, Regionalism &  Plight of Street Children Communalism  Juvenile Justice System  Secularism and Anti Conversion  Child Marriages in India  Regionalism: Demand for Smaller States  Death for child Rape  Socio-Economic Caste Census, 2011  Draft National Child Protection Policy  Gender Discrimination in the Corporate Sector  National Action Plan for Children, 2016

(2) Issues Related to Women (4) Others Issues  Gender Discrimination in Corporate Sector  India’s Family Planning Programme: Critical  Female Genital Mutilation Analysis  Bill on Banning Triple Talaq  Demography and Policy Planning  Adultery No Longer a Crime : SC  India’s Ageing Report  Unwanted Girls in India  Legalising Same Sex Marriage  Altruistic Surrogacy in India  Domestic Workers: Issues and Laws  Women in Panchayats  Development Leading to Displacement  Women Participation in Economy   # Me Too Movement Moral Policing   Draft National Policy for Women, 2016 Euthanasia and Living Will  Laws Related to Stalking in India  Inadequacies in existing Human Traffi cking  Debate on the Issue of Marital Rape laws in India   India’s Maternity Laws need Serious Transgender Act Tweaking  Mental Health Care  Women in Judiciary Matters  Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act  SC’s Judgment on Dowry  Manual Scavenging  Gender Budgeting: Critical Analysis  Mob lynching and Rule of Law (3) Issues Related to Children  Issue Related to Undertrials  Income Inequality in India  Issues Faced by Children in War Zone   High Dropout Rate of Girls in India Indigenous People in India : An Analysis   Child Traffi cking Debate Over Death Penalty  Safety of Children in Schools  Global Slavery Index Report  Issue of Malnutrition in India  Right to Privacy Judgement  Amendments Proposed in Child Labour Act  SC Verdict on SC/ST Atrocities

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 13

 Social Stigma Attached with HIV epidemics  World Malaria Report 2020 (5) Health & Education  National Education Policy 2020  Health in India report: MoSPI  Allied Health Care Professions Bill, 2018  Global Nutrition Report  National Policy on Education  Convalescent-Plasma Therapy  Capacity Building for Primary Health Care  Policy responses to smokeless tobacco (ST)  National Health Policy, 2017 in India during the COVID19 pandemic  Food Fortifi cation  The India State-Level Disease Burden  Ayushman Bharat Initiative  Drug-Resistant Infections: The silent (6) Miscellaneous pandemic  Is social media polarizing society?  Cord Blood Banking  Draft Social Security Code  India now has its own Brain Template & an  Uniform Civil Code Atlas  Critical Analysis of Stand Up India Scheme  India’s 1st Indigenously Developed  SC Suggests for Prison Reforms Pneumococcal Vaccine “Pneumosil”  Statue of Unity  Need action to avert Measles and Polio

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MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 14 IAS 2022

TEST: 2 FEATURES OF INDIAN POLITY & 05 AUGUST, 2021 CONSTITUTION

UPSC Syllabus  Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, signifi cant provisions and basic structure  Separation of powers  Fundamental Rights, Preamble, DPSP, Fundamental Duties, etc.  Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries  Salient features of RP Act

Sub-Topic Listing

 System of Government: Parliamentary & CONSTITUTIONAL Presidential System FRAMEWORK  Role of Convention under the Constitution  Comparison between Judicial Review and (1) Historical underpinning Parliamentary Supremacy  Constitution: Why and How? (4) Amendments  Historical Background  Amendment of the Constitution ! Keshvanand Bharti Case Judgement (2) Evolution ! 42nd and 44th Amendment to the  Constituent Assembly and its vision of future Constitution  Making of the Constitution ! The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act,  Constitution as a living document 2019 (124th Constitution Amendment Bill) to provide 10% reservation in government  Democracy and diversity jobs and educational institutions to the  Outcomes of democracy economically weaker sections (EWS)  Crisis of Democratic order ! The Constitution (125th Amendment) Bill, 2019  National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (5) Signifi cant Provisions  Comparison of the Indian Constitutional  Preamble of the Constitution scheme with that of other countries ! Debate : Is Preamble part of the Constitution and its amendment (3) Features  Citizenship  Sources of the Constitution ! National Register of Citizens  Salient features of the Constitution  Fundamental Rights  The Philosophy of the Constitution ! Rule of Law MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 15

! Procedure Established by Law vs Due  Doctrine of Pith and Substance Process of Law  Doctrine of Incidental or Ancillary Powers ! Exceptions to Fundamental Rights  Doctrine of Colourable Legislation ! Amenability of Fundamental Rights  Doctrine of Severability ! Rights following from other provision of the  Doctrine of Territorial Nexus Constitution  Doctrine of Laches  Major Debates/ Issues around Fundamental  Rights: ! Limitations upon the Freedom (7) Election & The Representatives of ! Freedom of Press and Censorship People’s Act ! Free Speech: Rights & Limits and Hate  Political Parties speech ! Criminalisation of politics ! Data protection: Privacy Vs. Innovation ! Freebies Politics in India ! RTI amendments ! Issues Related to the Working of Political ! Sedition-Law- Comprehensive public Parties discussion regarding Section 124A of the ! Inner Party Democracy Indian Penal Code 1860 ! Signifi cance of Strong Opposition in ! Right To Information Act 2005. Democracy ! ‘Living wills’/ Euthanasia  Elections ! Restriction on the entry of women in places ! Role of Civil Society in Free and Fair of worship Election ! Reservation in India – Explained in ! What is Tactical Voting and Proportional Layman’s Terms Representation? ! Reservation in promotion ! What is Absentee Ballot? ! Aadhaar and Privacy issues  Voting Behaviour ! Constitutionality of article 35A  Election Laws  Directive Principles of the State Policy ! Representation of People (Amendment) Bill ! Scope of DPSP: Economic and Social 2010- Voting rights to NRI Democracy ! Introduction of NOTA ! Implantation of Directives ! Bill on Right to Recall Legislators ! Confl ict between Fundamental Rights and  Electoral reforms role of judiciary in harmonizing them ! Demand For A Hybrid Electoral System ! Challenge of implementing Uniform civil code ! Simultaneous Elections  Fundamental Duties ! About Paper Trail units  Union Territories ! Election Funding (Electoral bonds)- ! Chief Minister Vs Lieutenant Governor: Corporate funding laws Rules, Rights And Responsibilities ! State Funding in elections  Special Status of Jammu and Kashmir ! Women voices in elections ! Kashmir Unrest ! Law Commission Report on Electoral  Special Provisions for some States Reforms  Scheduled and Tribal areas  Anti-Defection Law  Offi cial Language ! Anti-Defection Law: Is it time for ! Reasons for the 58th Amendment reconsideration? (6) Major Doctrines  Doctrine of Basic Structure of the Constitution  Doctrine of Harmonious Construction  Doctrine of Eclipse

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 16 IAS 2022

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES (1) Recent Bills & Acts Amendment) Act, 2020   The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) The Companies (Amendment) Act, 2020 Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm  The Occupational Safety, Health And Working Services Act, 2020 Conditions Code, 2020  The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce  The Code on Social Security, 2020 (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020  Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment  The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, Act, 2020 2020  Centre repeals the Indian Medical Council Act,  The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Second 1956

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 17

 Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005  Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) Issue  The RTI Act, 2005  About Paper Trail Units  Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897  Anti-Defection Law  Offi ce of Profi t & R PA (2) Elections  Criminalization of Politics (3) Miscellaneous   Issues Related to the Working of Political Revisiting Section 124-A of IPC Parties  Adultery No More Criminal Offence in India  Enact Strong Laws to Cleanse Politics, says Supreme Court (4) Etc.  How effective is Election Commission in Ensuring Fair Elections  Freebies Politics in India  Election Commission Proposal for Countering Bribe-for-Votes  Law Commission Report on Electoral Reforms  State Funding in Elections  Role of Civil Society in Free and Fair Election  Women Voices in Elections

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MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 18 IAS 2022

TEST: 3 INDIAN POLITY- 16 AUGUST, 2021 Executive & Legislature

EXECUTIVE & LEGISLATURE

UPSC Syllabus  Functions and responsibilities of the Union functioning, conduct of business, powers & and the States privileges and issues arising out of these.  Issues and challenges pertaining to the  Structure, organization and functioning of federal structure the Executive  Devolution of powers and fi nances up to  Ministries and Departments of the local levels and challenges therein. Government  Parliament and State Legislatures - structure,

Sub-Topic Listing (1) Issues And Challenges Pertaining To The  Prime Minister Federal Structure  Central Council of Ministers   Union and its territory Cabinet Committees ! Formation of state and Altercation of (3) Structure, organization and functioning of boundaries the State executive  Nature of Federal System  Governor  Peculiar features of Indian federalism !  Provisions related to removal of Governor A Critique of the Federal System (Article 156)  Challenges of Nation building ! Politicization of the Post of Governor ! Challenges Of Special Status State And  Chief Minister Problems  State Council of Ministers ! Demand for New states: Gorkhaland, Nagalim, Vidharbha, Purvanchal etc. (4) Parliament  Era of One-Party dominance  Parliament  Regional aspirations ! Sessions of Parliament: Adjournment,  Emergency Provisions Prorogation, Dissolution etc. ! Imposition of President Rule ! Lacunas in Parliamentary Functioning in India ! Fundamental Rights during Emergency ! When Does a Bill Lapse in Indian Parliament? (2) Structure, organization and functioning of ! Types of Majorities Used in the Indian the Union executive Parliament.  President ! Election to Rajya Sabha: The Procedure. ! President of India – Discretionary Powers- ! Relevance of Rajya Sabha Imposition of President’s rule ! Government Budgeting: Indian Budget for ! Is President a mere Rubber Stamp Beginners.  Vice President ! Budget Documents Made Simple: Key to MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 19

Budget Documents. ! Inter-State Council vs National Development ! Cut Motions: Policy Cut, Economy Cut, and Council. Token Cut. ! Separate State Flag in Karnataka ! Misuse of Ordinance promulgation power ! NITI Aayog: The new ‘think-tank’ to replace ! Offi ce of the Speaker: Powers and Issues Planning Commission. ! Issue related to offi ce of profi t  Foreign Policy ! Breach Of Privilege: Special privileges to MP’s and its implications (8) Dispute Redressal Mechanisms and Institutions  Parliamentary Committees  ! Parliamentary Committees in Lok Sabha Inter-State Relations and Rajya Sabha. ! Inter-state River Water Dispute ! Diminishing importance of parliamentary  Parliamentary Forums committees  Parliamentary Groups  Administrative Tribunals (5) State Legislature  National Integration  State Legislature ! Full statehood to Delhi: Should it be granted or not? (9) Devolution of Powers and Finances Up To Local Levels and Challenges Therein ! Relevance of Council of State  Local Governments (6) Functions and responsibilities of the ! Nagaland Reservation in Urban Bodies Union and States ! Education Qualifi cation made mandatory for  7th Schedule contesting Local Government Elections  Panchayati Raj and PESA 1996 (7) Separation of Power  Municipalities  Power Sharing ! Reforms needed in Municipalities in Sync  Centre-State Relations with Urban Development Missions CONTEMPORARY ISSUES (1) Union & State Government (2) Local Government  Imposition of President Rule: An Analysis  Education Qualifi cation Made Mandatory for  Is President a mere Rubber Stamp? Contesting Local Government Elections  Politicization of the Post of Governor  Reforms needed in Municipalities in Sync  Lacunas in Parliamentary Functioning in India with Urban Development Missions  Signifi cance of Strong Opposition in  Democracy Municipal reforms for sustainable  Ordinance Making Power in India development of Cities  Balance between Fundamental Rights &  14th Finance Commission & Local Parliamentary Privileges Governments  Special Provisions for other States  Panchayat Raj  Special Category Status to States  Strengthening Participation of Women in  National Register of Citizens in Assam Panchayat  Gorkhaland Crisis   Issue Related to Offi ce of Profi t PESA in Tribal Areas  Women Reservation in Parliament  Deepening Grass Root Democracy in Sixth  Centre vs State: Case of AAP vs LG Schedule Areas

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 20 IAS 2022

INDIAN POLITY - TEST: 4 JUDICIARY + BODIES + 27 AUGUST, 2021 INSTITUTIONS + PIC

JUDICIARY + BODIES

UPSC Syllabus  Structure, organization and functioning of the Judiciary  Dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions

(1) Structure, Organization and Functioning ! Judicial Reforms of the Judiciary ! Problems with Tribunals, Problems arising out of sidestepping the HC  Higher Judiciary Appointments ! Alternate Dispute Redressal (ADR) ! Collegium system and issues.  Major Judgements of Supreme Court ! Collegium Vs. NJAC ! RIGHT TO CONVERT-the Supreme Court’s ! CJI removal judgement regarding a person’s right  Judicial Review to choose a religion, Issue of Religious  Judicial Activism Conversion in India, ! Judicial activism and judicial Overreach ! Reservation in promotion, Argument in favour of reservation in promotion, ! Judicial Accountability & RTI Act Argument against the reservation in  Public Interest Litigation promotions ! Advocates (Amendment) Bill, 2017 ! Supreme Court judgement on Caste, Controversy Religion in Polls ! National Litigation Policy ! Validity of Aadhaar but with certain caveats  Other Judicial Issues ! Cauvery River Verdict ! All India Judicial Services ! Concept of Defamation in India ! Proposal for National Court of Appeal ! Should the SC proceedings be live ! Judicial Pendency streamed? MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 21

 Advocate General of the State CONSTITUTIONAL/NON-  Co-operative Societies CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES  Tribunals ! Problems with Tribunals, Problems arising (1) Constitutional Bodies out of sidestepping the HC  Election Commission (2) Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-  Union Public Service Commission judicial bodies  State Public Service Commission  Rationalization Of Autonomous Bodies  Finance Commission  National Human Rights Commission ! th 14 Finance Commission and Local  National Commission for Women Governments  State Human Rights Commission ! th 15 Finance commission: Issues with Term  Central Information Commission and References  State Information Commission  State Finance Commission  Central Vigilance Commission  Law Commission ! Preventive Vigilance ! 268th Report of Law Commission on Bail  Reforms Central Bureau of Investigation ! ! Law Commission report on Hate Speech Autonomy of CBI   Pay Commission Lokpal and Lokayuktas ! ! 7th Pay Commission Issues related to the appointment of Lokpal   National Commission for SCs Quasi judicial bodies   National Commission for STs NITI Aayog !  Special Offi cer for Linguistic Minorities NITI Aayog’s Report on Rationalization of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS)  Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) ! Model Land leasing Law prepared by NITI ! Functioning and Autonomy of CAG Aayog  National Commission for Backward Classes  Attorney General of India

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES (1) Judiciary  National Litigation Policy   Shortage of Judges in Indian Courts Administrative Tribunals   Issue Related to Appointment of Judges Sabrimala Temple Verdict   Procedure for Removal of Judges: Critical Right to Convert Analysis  Alternate Dispute Redressal Mechanism  Should Judiciary be under RTI  Should India abolish Death Penalty?  Judicial Accountability  Revisiting Section 124-A of IPC  Post Retirement Appointment of Judges  Adultery No More Criminal Offence in India  Issue of Judicial Overreach (2) Elections  Judicial Reform: How to Reduce Pendency of  Cases? Criminalization of Politics   Future Challenges may be Faced by Indian Issues Related to the Working of Political Judiciary Parties   All-India Judicial Service Enact Strong Laws to Cleanse Politics, says Supreme Court  Draft witness protection scheme  How effective is Election Commission in  Contempt of Court Ensuring Fair Elections  Government as the Biggest Litigant in India  Freebies Politics in India  Public Interest Litigation

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 22 IAS 2022

 Election Commission on Countering Bribe-  Women Voices in Elections for-Votes  Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) Issue  Law Commission Report on Electoral  About Paper Trail Units Reforms  Anti-Defection Law  State Funding in Elections  Offi ce of Profi t & R PA  Role of Civil Society in Free and Fair Election

POST-INDEPENDENCE

(1) Challenges before India after (3) Framing of the Constitution of India Independence ! Evolu on of the Cons tu on and main  Communal Riots and Regions most affected provisions  Partition and then Independence: Punjab, ! Steps to the Cons tu on Bengal and Assam, Sindh ! Cons tu onal Developments  Radcliff Commission and challenges before ! The Indian Cons tu on: Main Provisions boundary commission  The Constituent Assembly  Radcliff Commission and its composi on ! Forma on ! Challenges before the Boundary ! Compulsions and Issues in front of Commission Assembly ! Drawbacks of Commission  Division of sources (4) From Colony to Democracy  Finances  Challenge of building democracy  Defence personnel and equipment ! Challenges before ECI and conduction of  Civil government fi rst general election  Assassination of Gandhi  Starting of one party dominance  Resettlement and Rehabilitation of Refugees ! Dominance of Congress System  Shift to Constitutional Democracy ! Nature of Congress Dominance  Challenges after Independence ! 1967 elec ons ! Split in the Congress (2) The Indian States  Emergence of Opposition Parties  Policy of Equal Federation (1935-1947) ! Role of opposi on par es ! Plan of consolidation ! Various opposi on par es  Integra on of Princely States: Junagadh, Kashmir and Hyderabad (5) Economic Consolidation  Aftermath of Integration  Economic Development and Planning ! Goa and Pondicherry  Ideas of Development  Tribal Integration ! Planning ! Roots of India Tribal Policy  Formation of Planning Commission ! Reasons for dismal performance of Tribal ! First fi ve year plan Policy ! Second fi ve year plan  Positive Development happened due to state’s ! Achievements of Plans from 1947 to 1965 Initiative since 1947  Key controversies regarding 5 year plans ! Issue of language  Green Revolution ! The Offi cial Language ! Prevailing Conditions before the ! Features of Offi cial Language Act introduction of Green Revolution MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 23

! Initiatives prior to Green Revolution to boost ! Politics after Emergency (LS elections 1977 Agriculture and Janata Party) ! Government’s other positive initiative during  The Opposition: Initial years of BJP Green Revolution Period  The Naxalite Movement ! Positive and negative impact of Green  Communalism Revolution  Secularism and democracy  Operation Flood and Cooperatives ! Ayodhya dispute: Demolition and after ! Forma on of Amul  Communalism and use of state power ! Star ng and impact of Opera on Flood ! Revival and growth of communalism ! Limita ons of Co-opera viza on ! Anti-muslim riots in Gujarat  Development of land reforms in India between ! The Punjab Crisis 1947 and early 1960’s ! Operation Blue Star ! Abolition of intermediaries ! Demand of Khalistan ! Tenancy reforms  Basis of Regionalism: Politics in the states ! Ceiling on land holdings ! Roots of tension  Bhoodan Movement ! Challenges of Regionalism ! Aims and advantages of Bhoodan ! Tamil Nadu (Dravidian Movement), Andhra movement Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal and J&K (6) India’s External Relations (external and internal disputes)  Secessionist movement in North-Eastern  Evolution of India’s Foreign Policy states ! Strategic Issues  Accommoda on and Na onal Integra on ! Features of Indian Foreign Policy  Emergence of NAM and its Summits (8) Popular Movements  ! Organizational structure & membership Nature of Popular Movements   India and its neighbours Environment Movements  ! India and China Chipko Movement ! ! India and Pakistan (Indo-Pak War, Narmada Bachao Andalon (Sardar Sarovar Kargil War, Shimla Agreement, Tashkent Project, Debates and struggles) Declaration and Agra Summit)  Party based Movement and Non-party based movements ! India and Bangladesh (creation of  Bangladesh) Caste, Untouchability, Anti-caste politics and strategies ! India and Sri Lanka ! Issues of Dalit ! India with Nepal and Bhutan ! Dalit panthers: Origin and their activities  India’s relations with two countries of Bipolar  world: USA and USSR Agrarian Struggles !  Analysis of Nehruvian Foreign Policy Bharatiya Kisan Union: Growth and its characteristics (7) The Crisis of Democratic Order ! National Fish Worker’s Forum   The JP movement and Emergency 1975-77: An -Arrack Movement: Origin and its linkage Testing of Indian democracy tested  Indian Women since Independence ! Background to emergency (Economic  Lesson from popular movements context, Gujarat and Bihar movements, Confl ict with Judiciary) (9) Recent developments in Indian politics ! Declaration of emergency (Crisis and  Context of the 1990s Response)  Era of Coalition ! Controversies regarding emergency ! Decline of Congress ! Lessons from emergency ! Alliance politics MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 24 IAS 2022

 Political Rise of other Backward Classes  Nuclear policy ! Mandal Implemented: The Mandal  Emergence of new consensus Commission ! LS elections 2004 ! Political fallouts  Terrorist troubles and rela ons with Pakistan  NEP-1991, LPG policy, Tax reforms, Privatisation, globalisation and ICT

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES (1) Polity Section  Reorganisation of States  Tribal Issue and Policy Consolidation .  Emergency in India  Issue of Women and Evolution of Women Movement  Linguistic Regionalism in India.  Agrarian Struggles  Lok Sabha Elections 2014 and 2018.  Problem of Caste and Social Consolidation (2) Economy  Communalism Secularism and Social Consolidation .  Agriculture since 12th fi ve year plan  Regionalism Issues in India .  Industry since 12th fi ve year plan  Issue of Linguistic Minorities .  New Economic Policies and its Impact  Environment Movements . (3) Social Issues Related to Vulnerable (4) Etc.

TEST: 5 ESSAY MOCK-1 05 SEPTEMBER, 2021

**********

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TEST: 6 GOVERNANCE & 16 SEPTEMBER, 2021 SOCIAL ISSUES

UPSC Syllabus  Pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity  Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation  Development processes and the development industry the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders  Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability  e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential  Citizens Charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures  Role of civil services in a democracy  Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies  Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies

Sub-Topic Listing (1) Governance ! Benefi ts of Citizen Charter !  Concept of Good Governance Citizen Charter in India: An Evaluation !  Issues Concerning Governance Problems Faced in Implementing the Charters  Right Based Approach in Policy Making ! Steps to improve Citizen Charters  Public Policy Making and Policy Implementation ! Indian Approach to Citizen Charter: Sevottam Model  How to Establish Good Governance ! Administrative Reforms Commission’s (2) Transparency & Accountability Seven Step Model for Citizen Centricity  Right to Information ! Right to Service ! Information sharing and transparency in  Extent of regulations and openness of government media and social networking sites ! RTI and Offi cial Secret Act: Who’s winning ! T.K. Visanathan Committee On Hate Speech and why Judiciary wants to remain isolated ! Role of MEDIA in bringing Transparency and  Citizen’s Charters Accountability MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 26 IAS 2022

! Social Media and Accountability  Challenges Faced by NGOs in India  E-Governance  Issue of Fund Mismanagement ! Role of E-Governance in bringing  Role of Microfi nance Institutions in Transparency and Accountability Development Process  ! Major E-Governance Projects and Issues Related to Microfi nance Institutions and challenges in their implementation Recommendations   Role of civil services in a democracy Role of Foreign aid in Development  The role and function of pressure groups in ! Linkage of Civil Services and Democracy India ! Debate on Lateral Entry in Civil Services  Changing Pattern of Pressure Group Politics in ! Relation between Civil Servants and India Political Executives ! Performance Appraisal System in (5) Socio-Economic Development Bureaucracy  Concept of Human Development ! Reforms Needed In Indian Bureaucracy ! Economic Growth and Human Development:  Codes of Ethics and Code of Conduct Two-Way Link ! Paid news abuse by social media a poll ! Measurement of Human Development menace  Understanding Poverty ! Model code of conduct ! Dimensions of Poverty  Utilization of Public funds ! Linkage between Poverty and Development ! Signifi cance of Public Accounts Committee ! Recommendations of Rangarajan ! Challenges of corruption and incompetence Committee Report ! Poverty Alleviation Strategy Since (3) Regulatory Structure and Governance Independence Reforms ! Programmes for Poverty Alleviation  Functions and responsibilities of various ! Concept of Inequality Bodies ! World Inequality Report 2018: Findings of ! Analysis of Autonomy and functioning of the Report CAG, CBI, CVC and NHRC ! Income Inequality in India ! Lokpal and rise of Ombudsman era: a ! Recommendations to Reduce Inequality critical evaluation of journey traveled so far  Hunger ! State and operational effectiveness of Local ! Manifestations of Hunger and its causes governments in India ! Challenges to Food Security ! Corporate Governance in India - Why is it so critical ! Global Hunger Index Report, 2018  Police Reforms in India ! Recommendations  Curb On VIP Culture  Institutional Measures for Welfare of  Prison Reforms in India Vulnerable Sections ! Issues Related to the Weaker Sections &  Improving Governance In Public Systems Vulnerable groups in India (4) Development Process and the ! Constitutional Provisions for the Welfare of Development Industry Society ! Institutional Measures for the Welfare of  Role of Self Help Group in Development the Society  Shortcomings and Recommendations to ! Improve Self Help Group Issues with the Institutional Mechanisms   Role and functions of NGOs in the Health Development ! Public Health System of India MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 27

! Shortcomings of the Healthcare Sector appointment)- composition of ECI ! Urgency of achieving Universal Health  Functions and responsibilities of ECI Coverage  Powers and privileges of ECI (provided by ! Evaluation of SWACHH BHARAT MISSION constitution and different ACTs of Parliament)  ! Global Nutrition Report 2018 Appointment to UPSC (procedure of appointment)- composition of UPSC ! Initiatives Taken In Health Sector :  Ayushman Bharat Functions and responsibilities of UPSC  ! National Health Policy Powers and privileges of UPSC (provided by constitution and different ACTs of Parliament.)  Education  Appointment to Finance commission ! Challenges of Education sector in India (procedure of appointment)- composition of ! Right to Education and Challenges to EWS Finance commission Children  Functions and responsibilities of Finance ! Initiatives by Government commission  Powers and privileges of Finance commission (6) Role of civil services in a democracy (provided by constitution and different ACTs of  Concept of civil services Parliament.)  Need for civil services  National commission for SCs and STs.  Different role of civil services (9) Statutory, regulatory and various quasi- ! Law making judicial bodies ! Policy formulation  SEBI , CVC , CBI, Planning Commission NDC, ! Policy implementation PMO ! Policy evaluation  TRAI, IRDA ! Civil services as protector of democracy  National Human Rights Commission ! To protect minorities (religious and linguistic)  State Human Rights Commission ! To promote Inclusive and sustainable growth  Central Information Commission  State Information Commission (7) Pressure groups and formal/informal  National Consumer Disputes Redressal associations and their role in the Polity Commission  What are pressure groups?  Medical Council of India  Types of pressure groups  Pension Fund Regulatory and Development  Signifi cance of pressure groups in India Authority  Differentiate between a pressure group and a  Biodiversity Authority of India political party  Press Council of India  Evaluation of pressure groups role  Forward Markets Commission  Inland Waterways Authority of India (8) Appointment to various Constitutional  Role of CAG posts, powers, functions and  14th Finance Commission: Analysis responsibilities of various Constitutional  th Bodies 7 Pay Commission Report and Repercussions  AFSPA and Second ARC  Appointment of CAG (procedure of  Inter-State River Water Dispute: Cauvery appointment)- composition of CAG dispute  Functions and responsibilities of CAG  Role of NitiAayog  Powers and privileges of CAG (provided by constitution and different Acts of Parliament.) (10) Major Issues  Appointment of ECI (procedure of  Dalit assertion and Politics of reservation MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 28 IAS 2022

 Should India spend more on science or Social (11) Mechanism, laws, Institutions and welfare? Bodies constituted for the protection and  Protection of Women from Domestic Violence betterment of these vulnerable sections Act 2005  Agrarian crisis: Issues in farmer economy  Special Provisions relating to Certain Classes  Issues related to Social Media ! Muslim Personal law: Polygamy/ Triple  Media freedom and Responsible reporting talaq  Marital rape  Scheduled and Tribal Areas  Section 377: Constitutionality Vs Morality ! SC/ST Act judgment: Protecting the  Legalising Sports Betting In India innocent or diluting the Protection? CONTEMPORARY ISSUES (1) Second ARC Report  Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)   Functions of Government Swachh Bharat Mission   Issues in Organizational Structure of GOI National Skill Development Mission   Good Governance and Citizen Centric National Food Security Act, 2013 Administration  Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana  e-Governance  Smart City Mission  Ethics in Governance  Saubhagya Plan  NAMAMI GANGE (2) Initiatives for Transparency &  Critical Analysis of Stand up India scheme Accountability  MGNREGA  Public Accountability Concept  Virtual ID for AADHAR (5) POLICIES  Social Media & Accountability  NITI Aayog’s Report on Rationalization of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS)  Accountability & Transparency in NGOs  Law Commission’s 268th Report on Bail Reforms  Autonomy of CBI   Model Land Leasing Law Prepared by NITI Analysis of Functioning Of CAG Aayog  People Centric Governance  T K Visanathan Committee on Hate Speech  Pro-Active Governance & Timely  Law Commission Report on Tribunals in India Implementation (PRAGATI)  Law Commission Report on United Nations  Right Based Approach in Policy Making Convention against Torture  Direct Benefi t Transfer  Issues Related to Making Aadhaar Mandatory (6) Miscellaneous  Reforms Needed In Indian Bureaucracy  Women in Armed Forces’  Performance Appraisal System In  Abolition of AIHB in consonance of minimum Bureaucracy government, maximum governance  Curb on VIP Culture  ‘Mission Karmayogi for civil services  Social Audit Law capacity building’  ‘All ministries to list IAS, IPS, other offi cers (3) Organisation/Bodies with ‘doubtful integrity’ for early retirement’

th   14 Finance Commission Analysis ‘Pandemic & Panchayat’ th   7 Pay Commission Report &Repercussions ‘Public Participation and good governance’  AFSPA & Second ARC  Inter-State Water Dispute  Role of NITI Aayog  Debate on Directly Elected Mayor  Signifi cance of Public Accounts Committee  Debate on the Issue of Lobbying in India  Right to Information  Media Role & Censorship Issue  Accountability & Transparency in NGOs  The Role of States in India’s Foreign Policy

(4) Scheme (7) Etc.

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TEST: 7 INDIAN CULTURE 27 SEPTEMBER, 2021

INDIAN CULTURE

UPSC Syllabus  Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. Sub-Topic Listing (1) Culture and Heritage of India  Evolution of Drama in India   Aims and objec ves of performing arts and Various texts relating to Drama period wise (ex their development through various stages. Mahabhasya, mrichhakatika)   U lity of performing arts during the ancient Famous Modern Dramas and Dramatists. and the medieval period. (5) Languages & Literature  Appreciate the contribu on of classical dances, folk music as well as folk dances  Vedic Literature in Indian culture and Challenges faced by  Tamil language and Sangam Literature performing Arts  Classical languages : Evolu on & impact on  Development of drama through various society phases in India and recognize the  contribu on of folk theatre Trends in Medieval Literature   Examine the importance of the three Modern Indian Literature art forms in the development of human personality. (6) Architecture in India  Religious and secular Art in India  Architectural Style of Harappan Civilisa on  Infl uence of Buddhism and Jainism on Indian (2) Music architecture  Evolu on of Indian Music ! Stupas, Chaityas and Viharas  Contribu on of Some personali es : Amir  Impact of Persian and Greek invasion on Khusro, Mohammad Shah Indian culture  Hindustani Music evolu on, features and  Mauryan Architecture (322-182 BC) impact  Post Mauryan Architecture  Carna c Music evolu on, features and  Gandhara and Mathura school of Art impact  Cultural development during Gupta Age  Hindustani and Carna c music diff erences  and similari es Temple Architecture and Sculptures !  Regional music and its impact Nagara and Dravida Styles !  Modern Music Early Temples ! Rock Cut temples (3) Dance ! Monolithic Temples  Tracing Evolution of Dance (Rig Veda, Harappa, ! Free Standing Temples Nataraja)  Pallavas as great temple builders  Classical Dances of India, their evolu on and  Theme Emergence of Nalanda as centre of learning  Well known Classical dancers of India.  Medieval Period architecture !  Themes in Indian folk dances Delhi Sultanate ! Regional Kingdoms (Mandu, Jaunpuretc) (4) Drama ! Vijaynagara Architecture  Introduction (Natyashastra) ! Mughal Architecture MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 30 IAS 2022

 Evolu on of temple construc on in India ! Development of Pahari, Rajput and Deccan  Indo Islamic Architecture Pain ngs  Colonial Architecture ! Theme of pain ngs in Medieval period  Utility of Architectural structures today and in  Modern Period Past ! Bengal school of Art  Conserva on and Preserva on of ! Renaissance or revivalist pain ng Architectural Structures ! Madras School of Art  Spread of Indian Culture to Southeast Asia  Decora ve Art (7) Bronze Sculptures in India ! Madhubani !  Harappan “Dancing Girl” Kalamkari  Jain Tirthankaras Bronze Images ! Kalighat  Buddha bronze Images (ex Guptas and ! Warli Vakatakas) ! Pa achitra  Pala school of Art ( Bronze images, ! Theme of decora ve pain ngs in India Manuscripts)   Theatre Forms of India Pallava Bronze Images !  Signifi cance of Traditional folk theatre in Chola Bronzes India  Nataraja ! Different forms of traditional folk theatre in (8) Paintings in India India ! Sanskrit theatre in India  Prehistoric Rock Pain ngs ! Challenges faced by theatre in India  Ancient Period  Puppet forms in India ! Murals Pain ngs ! Themes of puppetry in India ! Bagh Caves ! Forms of Puppetry ! Si anavasal Pain ngs  Religious Philosophies ! Armamalai caves ! Buddhism and its impact  Medieval Period ! Jainism and its impact ! Pala school of miniature pain ngs ! Sufi sm and its impact ! Mughal miniature pain ngs (synthesis of Indian and Persian style) ! Vedanta Philosophy ! Role of Akbar and his successors ! Bhak Tradi ons **********

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TEST: 8 08 OCTOBER, 2021 MODERN INDIA TEST: 9 (1757 – 1947) 17 OCTOBER, 2021

MODERN HISTORY

UPSC Syllabus  Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- signifi cant events, personalities, issues, etc.  The Freedom Struggle - its various stages and important contributors / contributions from different parts of the country.

Sub-Topic Listing (1) Before European Penetration in India 1818  Later Mughals  Bri sh expansion in Bengal  Disintegra on of Mughal Empire  Importance of Ba le of Plassey  Rise of Regional States  Clash between Mir Qasim and East India ! Bengal Company  ! Hyderabad and Carna c Dual system of administra on in Bengal  ! Awadh Wars under Warren Has ngs and Cornwallis  ! Mysore Expansion under Lord Wellesley  ! Kerala Subsidiary Alliance policy of Wellesley  ! The Sikhs Expansion under Cornwallis  Overpowering of Maratha Confederacy ! Rajput states and Jats ! Marathas (4) Consolidation under British Rule, 1818-  Rise and fall of Marathas 1857  Socio and Economic condi on of people in  Conquest of Sind 18th Century  Conquest of Punjab  Cultural life of people in 18th Century  Policy of Annexa on of Dalhousie  Scien fi c outlook in 18th Century (2) Beginning of European Penetration in (5) Structure of British Rule in India India  End of Dual Government and direct  administra on of Bengal (From 1772) Trade between India and Europe   Rela ons between East India Company and Portuguese Domina on Bri sh state between 1765-1833  Spice trade of Dutch  Regula ng Act of 1773 and Pi s India Act  Bri sh trade expansion in India and its eff ect  Charter Act of 1813 and 1833 on India from 1600-1744  Anglo-French Struggle and Subversion of (6) British Economic Policy in India from Indian poli cal power 1757-1857 (3) Expansion of British Empire in India 1756-  Commercial Policy of Bri sh from 1757-1857 MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 32 IAS 2022

 Eff ect of Ba le of Plassey on Indian Trade  Spread of Revolt  Eff ect of Industrial Revolu on on Economic  Response of Bri sh rela ons with India  Impact of Revolt of 1857  Factors that Make Britain Favorable for  Factors responsible for failure of Revolt of Industrial Revolu on 1857  Drain of Wealth  Development of Means of Transport and (11) Administrative Changes Post Revolt of communica on and industries 1857  Land Revenue Policy of Bri sh (Permanent,  Government of India Act of 1858 Ryotwari, Mahalwari)  Indian council Act of 1861  Eff ect of Land Revenue Policy on Agrarian  rela ons in India Role of Mayo, Ly on and Ripon  Promo on of Local bodies and role of Ripon (7) Administrative Policy of British  Changes in Army  Civil Service in India  Changed Rela onship with Princely States  Role of Army  Reac onary policy of Bri sh  Police ! Divide and Rule  Judicial organiza on during Bri sh Rule ! Restrictions on Press  Introduc on of Rule of Law ! Attitude towards social reform  Equality Before Law ! Hostility towards educated Indians  (8) Social and Cultural Policy of British Labor Legislations  Modern Thoughts that infl uenced Bri sh (12) Economic Impact of British Rule Policies in India  Ruin of Traditional Economy  Conserva ves and Radicals  Impoverishment of peasantry  Policy of par al moderniza on  Ruin of old zamindars  Humanitarian Measures (aboli on of sa etc)  Rise of new Landlordism  Spread of modern educa on  Deterioration of Agriculture (9) Social and Religious Reforms in 19th  Development of modern industries Century  Rise of new social class in India  Poverty and Famines  Social and Religious reforms in 19th Century  Role of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in social and (13) Nationalist Movement (1858-1905) religious regenera on  Factors responsible for Rise of Na onalism  Radical trend between 1820 and 1830  (Derozio) Predecessors of Indian Na onal Congress   Ishwar Chandra Vidya Sagar (Girl educa on, Indian Na onal Congress child marriage, widow remarriage and caste  Cons tu onal Reforms by Moderates hierarchy)  Economic Reforms by Moderates  Why impact of western Ideas felt more in  Administra ve and other reforms by Bengal than in Western India Moderates  Fight Against Caste System, Untouchability  Defence of Civil rights and Widow remarriage, Child marriage  Method of Cons tu onal agita on of  Parsi Reforms Moderates  Sikh Reforms  Bri sh Repsonse  Role of women  Evalua on of role of moderates  State of Educa on in India during 19th Century (14) Social and Religious Reform after 1858  Factors responsible for Religious reform of (10) Revolt of 1857 19th Century  Reasons for revolt of 1857  Religious reforms in Maharashtra  Par cipa on in Revolt  Swami Dayanand and Arya Samaj MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 33

 Aligarh School of Thought  Signifi cance of PoornaSwaraj Resolu on  Reform among Parsis  Dandi March  Limita ons of religious reform movement  Programme of CDM (1930-34) and Bri sh  Movement to Improve posi on of Women response  Struggle Against Caste  First Round table conference  Eff ect of Na onal Awakening on social  Gandhi-Irwin pact and second RTC reforms  Second phase of CDM  Social legisla ons in the 19th and 20th century  Women Par cipa on a er coming of Mahatma Gandhi (15) Nationalist Movement (1905-1918)  Communal Award  Growth of militant Na onalism  Poona pact and Mahatma Gandhi fast unto  How militant na onalists diff erent from death moderates  Mahatma Gandhi and BR Ambedkar approach  Swadeshi and Boyco Movement and to caste and untouchability par cipa on from diff erent sec ons  Third RTC  Women Par cipa on before Gandhi  Growth of Revolu onary Terrorism (17) Nationalist Politics (1935-1939)  Indian Na onal Congress between 1905-1914  Government of India Act, 1935  Morley Minto Reforms  Forma on of Congress Ministries  Muslim league and growth of communalism  Growth of Socialist Ideas  Bri sh used Muslim league to fi ght rising  Congress and Interna onal Aff airs na onalism  Na onalist and World War I (18) Towards Independence  Home rule league movement  Na onal Movement in Princely States  Revolu onary Organiza on like Ghadar Party  Growth of Communalism  Lucknow session of 1916  Na onal movement and World War II  (16) Struggle for Swaraj August Off er , 1940  Individual civil disobedience movement  Post world war scenario favorable for (1940-41) Na onalism  Cripps Mission and Reasons for Failure  Impact of Russian Revolu on on Na onal  Movement Quit India Movement and Bri sh Response   Montague Chelmsford reforms Women par cipa on in end stages of freedom struggle  Rowla Act   Arrival of Mahatma Gandhi and his ideas Azad Hind Fauj and SC Bose   Champaran Satyagraha, Ahmedabad Mill INA trials strike  Wavell Plan and Shimla Conference  Satyagraha against Rowla Act  1945-46 elec ons and the communal divide  Jallianwala Bagh Massacre  RIN (Royal Indian Navy Mu ny)  Khilafat movement and Non coopera on  Labour and peasant Unrest all over Country movement  Reasons Behind Bri sh Support for India’s  Impact of Chauri Chaura Incident demand for freedom  Role of Swarajists  Cabinet Mission  State peoples conference movements  Towards Par on and independence  Rise of Socialism within congress  Rise of Muslim communalism and par on  Peasant, Tribal and workers agita on of India  Socialist turn to Revolu onary terrorism  The Indian independence Act July, 1947  Response of Bri sh to revolu onary terrorism  Role of Various Leaders  Boyco of Simon Commission  Factors leading to Par on  Nehru Report  Why congress accepted par on of India MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 34 IAS 2022

TEST: 10 ESSAY MOCK-2 24 OCTOBER, 2021

TEST: 11 POLICIES & REFORMS 04 NOVEMBER, 2021 IN INDIAN ECONOMY

UPSC Syllabus  Indian Economy and issues relating  Financial and Money Market to planning, growth, development  Infl ation and unemployment  Direct and Indirect taxes  Mobilization of resources  Inclusive growth & issues arising  Government Budgeting. from it.  Investment models.

Sub-Topic Listing

(1) Indian Economy and issues relating to  Sources of Resource Mobilization: Public Planning Sector and Private Sector  Taxation and Mobilization of Resources for  Role and objectives of Indian Planning Economic Growth  Planning Experience at the Centre and State ! Direct Taxes and Mobilisation of Resources level. !  Regulatory Role of the State Agricultural Taxation & Resource Mobilisation !  Development Strategy in India’s Five Year Plan Role of Indirect Taxes in Resource Mobilisation   Mahalanobis’ Four-Sector Growth Model and Mobilization of fi nancial resources through Employment Generation Government Revenues  Tackling the Problems of Poverty and  Role of Public Debt in resource mobilization and Unemployment effects: Market borrowing, loans, grants, etc.  Vital Role of the Public Sector  Role of Fiscal and Monetary policies in  Analysis of India’s Economic Performance in resource mobilization Development Planning  Role of Foreign investment in resource  Trends in Saving and Capital Formation since mobilization: Desirability and Consequences Independence  Multi-lateral agencies and resource  Role of NITI Aayog in Cooperative federalism mobilization  Challenges to Resource Mobilization (2) Resource Mobilization (3) Inclusive Growth and issues arising from  Types of Resources: Physical and Financial it  Need for Resource Mobilization- Police State and Democratic Welfare State policies  Meaning and concept of Inclusion MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 35

 India’s experience of Inclusion  Taxation System in India  Why India’s growth is not inclusive?: Rural  Tax Reforms economy based growth, Need of Sustainable  GST and its impact on different sectors agriculture, food security and resilience for growth  Subsidies and its Impact  What are the solutions? (8) Monetary policy in India  Inclusion process through Social sector fl agship schemes and Ground realities  Instruments of Monetary Policy  Public distribution schemes: Can it be the way  Monetary policy in Pre-Reform Era (1948 – 1991) to inclusive growth  Monetary Policy in Post-Reform Era (Since – 1991)  Financial inclusion as an instrument of  inclusive growth Urjit Patel Committee Report  Poverty Alleviation and Employment Generation  Monetary Policy Committee and Infl ation as a strategy for inclusive growth Targeting  Social sector development as an instrument for inclusive growth (9) Financial system  Public private partnership for inclusive growth  Money Market and Capital Market in India  Industrial Integration for inclusive growth  Regulatory Framework in Indian Capital Market  Sectoral and regional diversifi cation as a tool  Primary Market Reforms in India for inclusive growth  Secondary Market Reforms in India (4) Government Budgeting  Budget terminology (10) Banking  Types of budget  Indian Banking System  Features of Outcome budgeting, Gender  Terminologies/Concepts Related to Banking in Budgeting India  Benefi ts of budgeting  Nationalization of Banks in India  Flaws in budgeting process  Functions of Commercial Banks  Merger of Railway and General Budget  Challenges Faced by Commercial Banks in India  Budget analysis  Banking Reforms in India (5) Investment models  New Bank License Criteria  Measures of Investment  Small Finance Banks and Payment Banks Criteria  Factors affecting investment  Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC)  Classifi cation of Investments : FDI  Financial Inclusion  Angel Investors and Start-ups  Issue of NPAs  Investment Models  Bills related to Banking  Role of State  PPP (Public-Private Partnership) (11) Foreign trade & International  Savings and Investment Trends Organizations (6) Fiscal policy  Trends in International Trade  Fiscal Concept and Fiscal Policy in India  Foreign Trade Policy  Government Revenues & Spending Trends  Balance of Payments and Foreign Capital  Impact of defi cits on economic growth  Impact of Globalization on Indian Economy  Twin Balance Sheet syndrome  International Monetary Fund (IMF) (7) Taxation  World Trade Organisation (WTO)  Objectives and Principles of Taxation  World Bank Group  Taxation for Mobilization of Resources  AIIB and NDB MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 36 IAS 2022

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES (1) Budget & Taxation (3) Schemes & Policies  Low Tax to GDP Ratio: Reasons and  S u s t a i n a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t G o a l s Suggestions  E a s e o f D o i n g B u s i n e s s  P u b l i c D e b t M a n a g e m e n t C e l l  C r i t i c a l A n a l y s i s o f P M C r o p I n s u r a n c e S c h e m e  I B B I a n d I n s o l v e n c y R u l e s  B h a v a n t a r B h u g t a n Yo j a n a  P o n z i S c h e m e a n d I s s u e s  O p e r a ti o n G r e e ns  F a t t a x : C o n c e p t A n a l y s i s  C r i t i c a l A n a l y s i s o f B a n k s B o a r d B u r e a u  C o n c e p t o f M u n i c i p a l B o n d s  C r i t i c a l A n a l y s i s o f D r a f t E n e r g y P o l i c y  Lower Taxes, Higher Compliance: Implication  on Economy C r i t i c a l A n a l y s i s o f S t a n d u p I n d i a S c h e m e   How Shell Companies are used in Black N ew P P P Polic y Money?  S a g a r ma la P r o j e c t  O f f s h o r e I n v e s t m e n t s i n Ta x H a v e n s  C r i t i c a l A n a l y s i s o f B h a r a t m a l a P r o j e c t  C o n c e p t o f G o o g l e T a x a n d i t s I m p l i c a t i o n s  G S T A N A LYS IS  Sunset Clause and its Signifi c a n c e i n P o l i c i e s  How GST has Affected Small Business  G o v e r n m e n t R u l e o n C a p i t a l G a i n s Ta x  C r e d i t R a t i n g A g e n c i e s a n d t h e i r I m p l i c a t i o n s (4) External Sector  F u g i t i v e E c o n o m i c O f f e n d e r s B i l l  F D I S t a t u s a n d I s s u e s i n I n d i a  Permanent Residency Status for Foreign (2) Banking & Finance Investors  C o n c e p t o f W i l f u l l D e f a u l t e r  W T O R e f o r m s a n d I n d i a ’ s S t a n c e  C o n c e p t o f S h a d o w B a n k i n g  D i s p u t e S e t t l e m e n t M e c h a n i s m a t W T O  N o n P e r f o r m i n g A s s e t s  G i s t o f F o r e i g n T r a d e P o l i c y ( F T P ) 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 2 0  M a r g i n a l C o s t o f F u n d s b a s e d L e n d i n g R a t e  R e f o r m s i n I M F Q u o t a  Unifi e d P a y m e n t I n t e r f a c e  R i s i n g N e w F o r m o f P r o t e c t i o n i s m  I n d i a P o s t P a y m e n t s B a n k  B I T D i s p u t e M a n a g e m e n t S t r a t e g y  D i f f e r e n t i a t e d B a n k L i c e n s e s  Broad Based Trade and Investment  D i g i t a l P a y m e n t s S c e n a r i o Agreement (India-EU FTA Talks)  M o n e t a r y P o l i c y C o m m i t t e e  N a c h i k e t M o r C o m m i t t e e  Report of Working Group on Development of  P J N a y a k C o m m i t t e e Corporate Bond Market in India  V i j a y K e l k a r C o m m i t t e e o n P P P R e f o r m s  I L & F S i s s u e a n d C o r p o r a t e G o v e r n a n c e i n I n d i a   SEBI reforms on Corporate Governance – P a r t h a s a r a t h i S h o m e C o m m i t t e e o n G A A R Uday Kotak Committee  Urjit Patel Committee Report on Monetary  S E B I a n d C o m m o d i t y m a r k e t s i n I n d i a Policy   C o n c e p t o f C r y p t o - C u r r e n c i e s Mahapatra Committee (NBFC Loan  C r y p t o C u r r e n c i e s C o m e U n d e r S E B I L e n s Restructuring)   C o r p o r a t e G o v e r n a n c e : R o l e o f S E B I U s h a T h o r a t C o m m i t t e e ( 2 0 12 )   P e e r t o P e e r L e n d i n g F i r m s B i b e k D e b r o y C o m m i t t e e ( R a i l w a y s )   B a n k R e c a p i t a l i z a t i o n P r o g r a m N K S i n g h P a n e l R e p o r t o n F R B M A c t  L e s s o n s o n N P A f r o m G l o b a l B a n k s  S h a n t a K u m a r C o m m i t t e e  Need of Regulatory Regime for Alternative  W a t a l C o m m i t t e e o n D i g i t a l P a y m e n t s Investment Fund  HR Khan Committee on Foreign Portfolio  N a m e a n d S h a m e W i l l f u l D e f a u l t e r s Investment

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 37

 Strategic Partnership Policy to Boost  ‘Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs)’ Defence Manufacturing: Dhirendra Singh  ‘K shaped Recovery’’ Committee  ‘US puts India back on Currency (5) Miscellaneous Manipulation Watchlist’  ‘Agriculture Cost of Production’  ‘RBI gives retail investors direct access to  ‘Submarine Optical Fibre Cable connectivity Government ‘Gilt bonds’’ between Kochi and Lakshadweep Islands’  ‘Pulses for Food Security and Sustainable  ‘One District One Product: A potential Future’ gamechanger for Northeast economies’  2021 Census to go digital’  ‘Is transparent taxation the panacea for tax  ‘Green Tax’ terrorism?’  ‘Off-Budget Borrowing’  ‘Potholes on the digital payment  ‘Quantitative Easing variants in Emerging superhighway’ Markets’  ‘Taxing Virtual Currencies’ (6) Etc.

**********

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 38 IAS 2022

TEST: 12 SECTORS OF INDIAN 15 NOVEMBER, 2021 ECONOMY

UPSC Syllabus  Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country  Different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage  Transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints  e-technology in the aid of farmers  Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices  Public Distribution System - objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security  Technology missions  Economics of animal-rearing  Food processing and related industries in India- scope and signifi cance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.  Land reforms in India.  Effects of liberalization on the economy  Changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.  Other economic development in fi eld of Manufacturing and service sector

Sub-Topic Listing

(1) Role of Agriculture in Indian Economy (4) Agriculture Finance  Features of Agricultural Finance (2) Land resource  Criteria for Agricultural Credit  Land-use pattern and Land capability  Need for Agricultural Finance classifi cation  Sources of Agricultural Finance  Causes and Impact of Land Degradation  Problems of Agricultural Finance   Sustainable Land Management Measures taken to improve credit fl ow to agriculture  Steps taken by GOI  Co-operative Credit Societies in India (3) Land Reforms (5) Agricultural Credit Institutions  Objectives of Land Reforms in India  Multi Agency Approach  Progress of Land Reforms in India  Commercial Bank  NITI Aayog Report on Land Leasing  Lead Bank Scheme MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 39

 Regional Rural Banks  Golden Fibre Revolution: Jute  National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) (10) Food Processing  Reserve Bank of India  Processed Foods Scenario with respect to  Kisan Credit Card Scheme Specifi c Sectors   Bank Linkage Programme Infrastructure Development in Food Processing Sector  Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF)  Issues in Food Processing Sector  Government Policy For Agricultural Credit  FDI Policy in Food Processing  Farmers Service Societies (FSS)  Notable Trends in the Indian Food Processing (6) Crop Insurance in India Sector  Strategies Adopted in Budget  Issues Related to Crop Insurance  New foreign and domestic investment  Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana  Sector-specifi c government policies  Comparison with Earlier Crop Insurance Schemes (11) Industrial policy and industrial (7) Agriculture Marketing development: Main Issues   Process of Agricultural Marketing in India Mahalanobis strategy and India’s industrial policy-Discussing Industrial policy resolution  Structure of Agricultural Marketing in India 1948 and 1956 critically  Importance of Proper Agriculture Marketing  New Economic Policy and Industrial policy  Government Measures to Improve Agricultural under the policy of liberalization, privatization Marketing in India and globalization  Analysis of APMC Act  Phases of Industrial development since independence (8) Subsidies  Objectives of subsidies (12) Main features of Industrial development  Transfer of resources from gainers from in India economic policies to losers from economic  Roles of private sector and public sector, policies Investment in the industrial sector,  Farm Subsidies employment, productivity, profi t etc.  Fertiliser subsidies  Strategies for disinvestment and privatization  Subsidy on power  Role of Small, Medium and Micro enterprises,  Subsidy on irrigation Government Policy, main problems, effects of globalization  Rationale of Minimum Support Price  New Manufacturing Policy  Impact of MSP on infl ation  Industrial disbursal and Industrial corridors  Public Distribution System: Objectives, functioning,  limitations, revamping, evolution from universal SEZs- Main issues like land use, relocation of PDS to targeted PDS, Targeted PDS, a critical same industries that exist, exports earnings vs analysis of cost and benefi t of PDS loss of tax income   Buffer Stock policy and government’s Industrial sickness, institutional mechanism to intervention in food market to keep prices support the sick industries, exit policy issues under reasonable limits to help consumers  Main constraints in the industrial development  Food Security bill, questions of resource of India mobilization for the FSB, criticism of the FSB  Effects of globalization on industries, Sub-  Important questions on the future of subsidies prime crisis and sovereign debt crisis on Industry in India (9) Agricultural Revolutions in India  Industrial Finance in India: Role of development banking, commercial  Green Revolution banking, venture capital, angel capital  White Revolution – Operation Flood in industrialization and promotion of  Yellow Revolution entrepreneurship  Blue Revolution  Make in India achievements MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 40 IAS 2022

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES (1) Industry & Labour  Privatization of Air India: Critical Analysis  Help  Draft National Food Processing Policy Released  Multi-Modal Transport System   Initiatives for Fund for Start-Ups Bharatmala Pariyojana : Revolution In Indian National Highways  Companies Need to Look Beyond CSR  Privatization of Railways  Initiatives to Support MSME Sector  Transformation in Indian Railways  Model Shop & Establishment Bill, 2016  Connecting North East  National Capital Goods Policy 2016 unveiled  Optimising Thermal Power in India  H-1B Visa Rule Change & It’s Impact on IT  Reliable and Affordable Energy Sector  Mineral Auction Rules, 2015  Unemployment Survey  Draft Social Security Code (4) Miscellaneous  Analysis of Competition Commission of India  ‘Global Hunger Index 2020’  Exit Issues and Insolvency Resolution  ‘World Risk Index (WRI) 2020’ Process  ‘IEA and NITI Aayog launch Special Report on  Government Limitations in Job Creation Sustainable Recovery Post Covid-19’  The Code on Wages, 2017  ‘Demand on rise for doubling of fi nancial grant  Amendments in Bankruptcy Code and work days under NREGA’  Contract Worker: Issues and Steps Needed  ‘Growth in agriculture is not remunerative to  Feminization of Agriculture Indian farmers’   Challenges and opportunities of fourth ‘Why India needs bold economic reforms?’ Industrial Revolution  ‘RBI announces Open Market Operation ’   Why Manufacturing Sector is not able to ‘Proposition 22, the future of the gig economy’ Generate Jobs?  ‘The concept of Precision farming in India’  Inequality between Large Business Houses &  ‘Transparent Taxation’ Smaller Businesses  ‘RBI announces economic measures to counter  How Labour Regulations Affect the coronavirus impact on economy’ Manufacturing?  ‘RBI to brought startups under Priority Sector Lending (PSL)’ (2) Agriculture  Divestment of 23 PSUs  Niti Aayog Launches Agricultural Marketing &  ‘At least 23 million migrants are returning to Farm Friendly Reforms Index India’s villages. Can the rural economy keep  Defects in Procurement Policy up?’   Reforming Trade in Agriculture Products ‘Plan to privatise the railways’   Draft Model APMC Act, 2016 ‘COVID-19 to impact SDGs’   NITI Aayog Report on Agriculture ‘PM Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PM FME)’  Agriculture Export Policy, 2018  ‘Travel Bubble’  Farm Policies: One-Size-Fits-All do not Work  ‘Operation Twist’  Lab to Land: How to Improve  ‘Migration crisis’  Agriculture Price Policy in India  ‘MSP for MFP Scheme’ (3) Infrastructure  ‘Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act‘  Inland Waterways in India  ‘Recapitalization of Regional Rural Banks  Aviation Sector & Regional Connectivity (RRBs)‘ Scheme: Udan  ‘Reviving the Indian Economy post COVID-19’  Air Service Agreement  Airline Sector: Downtime and the Turnaround (5) Etc.

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 41

WELFARE, POVERTY, TEST: 13 UNEMPLOYMENT AND 01 DECEMBER, 2021 LABOUR

TEST: 14 ESSAY MOCK-3 05 DECEMBER, 2021

TEST: 15 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 16 DECEMBER, 2021 (WORLD)

UPSC Syllabus  Salient features of World’s Physical Geography  Geophysical Phenomena such as Earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic Activity, cyclone etc.  Geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in lora and fauna and the eff ects of such changes.

Sub-Topic Listing (1) General Geography (2) Geomorphology  Universe  Earth’s Interior ! Theories of development of Universe ! Sources of Information about the Interior ! Star Formation (Direct Sources, Indirect Sources - Earth ! Formation of planets Quake Wave, Volcanoes) !  Earth Evolution& Basics Structure of the Earth’s Interior  ! Evolution of Earth Mechanical and Chemical categorization of internal strcuture ! Evolution of Atmosphere  Geology and Rock System ! Evolution of Hydrosphere ! Minerals ! Earth’s Geological time scale ! ! Origin of life Major Elements of the Earth’s Crust  ! The Earth’s Movements-Revolution and Physical Characteristics Rotation and Seasons  Classifi cation - ! Inclination of the Earth’s Axis and its effects ! Rocks ( Aggregate of Minerals ) MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 42 IAS 2022

 Classifi cation ! Glaciers  Igneous  Erosional Landforms  Sedimentary  Depositional Landforms  Metamorphic ! Waves and Currents ! Rocks & landforms ! Winds ! Rocks & Soils  Erosional Landforms  Geomorphic Processes  Depositional Landforms ! Endogenic Forces  Landforms across the world  Diastrophism ! Rivers and lakes  Orogenic ! Mountain and Peaks  Epierogenic ! Plateaus  Earthquakes (3) Oceanography  Plate movements  Hydrosphere  Volcanism ! Water on the Surface of the Earth ! Exogenic Forces ! Hydrological Cycle  Denudation Processes  Submarine Relief Features  Weathering & its Signifi cance ! Relief of the Ocean fl oor  Mass movements& their impact ! Divisions of the ocean fl oor  Erosion Transportation & Deposition ! Minor relief features  Earthquakes and Volcanism  Temperature and Salinity ! Earthquakes: Reasons, Distribution & impact ! Temperature of the Ocean Water ! Volcanism   Factors affecting Temperature Types and distribution of Volcanoes distribution  Volcanic Landforms (intrusive)  Horizontal and Vertical Distribution  Distribution of Continents & Oceans ! Salinity of the Ocean Water ! Theories  Factors affecting salinity  Continental Drift Theory  Horizontals distribution of salinity  Convectional Current Theory  Vertical Distribution of salinity  Mapping of the Ocean Floor ! Density of Ocean Waters  Sea Floor Spreading  Movements of Ocean Water  Plate Tectonics ! Factors infl uencing Movement ! Isostasy ! Waves  Landforms and their evolution  Motion of waves ! Causes of landform development  Characteristics of wave  Geomorphic Processes ! Tides  Geomorphic Agents  Types of Tides ! Geomorphic Agents and Landforms  Importance of Tides  Running Water ! Ocean Currents  Development of a river System  Characteristics of Ocean Currents  Erosional Landforms  Types of ocean currents:  Depositional Landforms  Major Ocean currents of the World ! Ground Water (Karst Topography)  Effects of Ocean Currents  Erosional Landforms  Marine Resources  Depositional landforms ! Surface water resources MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 43

! Ground water resources ! Seasonal Wind ! Inland water resources ! Local Wind ! Oceanic Water Resources (Marine ! Land and Sea Breezes Resource) ! Mountain and Valley Winds ! Utilization of oceans by man ! Air Mass, Fronts, Cyclones and Jet Stream ! Water consumption patterns  Air mass & fronts ! Water Conservation and Management  Cyclones (Techniques)  Thunderstorms  Ocean Deposits and Corals  Tornadoes ! Terrigenous Deposits  Water in the Atmosphere ! Volcanic Deposits ! Water Vapour ! Biotic deposits ! Humidity – Absolute and Relative ! Abiotic Deposits ! Saturation – Dew Point ! Coral Reefs ! Evaporation and Condensation  Probable origin of Coral Reef  Dew  Types and signifi cance of Coral Reef  Frost  Issue of Coral Bleaching  Fog & Mist (4) Climatology  Clouds !  Atmosphere Precipitation  ! Composition of the Atmosphere Rainfall  ! Structure of the Atmosphere Snowfall   Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Sleet Hail Temperature  Hailstones ! Solar Radiation and Isolation  Types of Rainfall ! Heating and cooling of atmosphere  World Distribution of Rainfall ! Terrestrial Radiation  Climatic Zones of the World ! Heat Budget of the Planet Earth ! World Climate ! Temperature ! Koeppen’s Scheme of Classifi cation of ! Factors Controlling Temperature Climate Distribution ! Climatic Zones of World ! Distribution of Temperature (5) Bio-Geography  Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems  Soil & its Characteristics ! Atmospheric Pressure ! Soil Characteristics ! Vertical variation of pressure ! Factors Responsible for Soil Formation ! Horizontal distribution of pressure ! Process of Soil Formation ! World Distribution of Sea Level Pressure ! Soil Profi les and Horizons ! Factors affecting the velocity and direction ! Classifi cation of Soil of the Wind ! Soil Degradation, Erosion and Conservation ! General Circulation of the Atmosphere –  Vegetation resources Pattern of Planetary Winds ! Types of natural vegetation ! Latitudinal Variation of Atmospheric ! Forests Heating  Signifi cance of forests ! Emergence of Pressure Belts  Factors of forest development ! Hadley Cell, Ferrel Cell, Polar Cell  Classifi cation of forests MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 44 IAS 2022

 forest cover ! Afforestation ! Grasslands ! Forestry ! Desert vegetation  Social forestry ! Tundra Vegetation  Agro-forestry ! Deforestation  ! Conservation of forests Farm Forestry ! Reforestation  Community Forestry

TEST: 16 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 27 DECEMBER, 2021 (INDIA)

(1) Physiography of India ! Air mass theory !  Location Jet stream theory  Geopolitical Signifi cance of India  ELNINO and LANINA & their impact  Geological Divisions  The rhythm of Seasons ! The Peninsular Block ! The cold weather season ! The Himalayas and other Peninsular ! The hot weather season Mountains ! The southwest monsoon season ! Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain ! The retreating monsoon season  Physiographic Divisions  Climatic Regions of India

(2) Drainage System (4) Soils in India  Drainage Patterns  Classifi cation of Soils  Drainage System of India  Soil textures  Himalayan Drainage System  Issue of Soil degradation & Soil Erosion ! River Systems of Himalayan Drainage  Soil Conservation  Indus river system  Ganga River System (5) Natural Vegetation   Brahmaputra river system Types of Forests in India   Peninsular Drainage System Forest Cover in India  ! River Systems of Peninsular Drainage Forest Conservation  ! Small Rivers Flowing Towards East and Forest Problems in India West (6) Environmental Issues (3) Climate  Floods and Droughts  Factors infl uencing the climate of India  Forest fi res  Monsoon  Deforestation  Mechanism of the Monsoon  Desertifi cation ! Classical Theory  Pollution ! Modern theory  Climate Change and Global Warming **********

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 45

TEST: 17 GEOGRAPHY- 07 JANUARY, 2022 ECONOMIC & HUMAN

UPSC Syllabus  Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent)  Factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)  Population and associated issues  Rural and Urban settlement  Urbanization, their problems and their remedies  Census  Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

Sub-Topic Listing

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

(1) Basics of Economic Geography  Land Degradation: Causes and Impact   Defi nition, Development and scope of Concept of Land Degradation Neutrality Economic Geography ! Land Use Planning and Policy   Type of Economic Activities Water Resources ! ! Primary Activities Extent of Water Resources ! ! Secondary Activities Water Resource Potential of India ! ! Tertiary, Quaternary and Quinary Activities Utilization and related problems (Pollution) !  Recent Themes and Concepts in Economic Inter- state water disputes in India ! Geography Water management, conservation and Development  Agglomeration Economies ! National Water Policy  Neo-liberalism  Mineral Resources  Rise of macro regional Economic block ! Types of Mineral Resources  Ethnicity in Economic Geography ! Distribution Pattern of Minerals in World  Concept of digital divide ! Major Mineral Belts of India (2) Resource ! Problems related to mining  Land Resource ! Conservation of Mineral Resources ! Land-use Pattern and changes ! National Mineral Policy, 2019 ! Problems of Land Resources:  Energy resources MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 46 IAS 2022

! Classifi cation of Energy Resources  Major Crops and conditions for growth ! Distribution and production trend of major  Regionalization of Agriculture energy Resources  Various Revolutions in Agriculture Sector  Coal ! Green Revolution  Petroleum  Impact of Green Revolution  Natural gas  Evergreen Revolution ! Strategic Oil Reserves ! White Revolution ! Exploration of Coal Bed Methane ! Operation Flood ! Non-Conventional Energy Resources ! Blue Revolution  Solar Energy  Agricultural Policies and Initiatives  Wind Energy ! Minimum Support Price: Benefi ts and  Geothermal Challenges ! Nuclear Energy Resources: Challenges and ! Agriculture Market Produce Committees: prospects in India Issues  Recent Debates on Resources ! National Agriculture Market (NAM) ! Geopolitics of Natural Resources ! Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Promotion and Facilitating) Act ! Globalisation and unsustainable (APLM), 2017 exploitation of natural resources ! National Livestock Mission ! Depletion of natural resources versus Economic Growth ! National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development (NPBBD) ! Changing Pattern of Land Use and Causes ! Rashtriya Gokul Mission ! Water Crisis: Causes, Confl icts and ! Resolution Agriculture Export Policy, 2018 ! ! Energy Crisis Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM- KISAN) ! Challenges and constraints faced by coal sector ! Pradhan Mantri Annadataaay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (Pm-Aasha) ! Challenges in Hydropower sector ! Operation Greens ! Renewable Energy: way toward sustainability ! Dairy Processing & Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF) ! Energy Security: Energy Policy and strategy in India ! Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF). (3) Agriculture ! Agriculture Census  Agriculture Basic Terminologies  Food Security ! Cropping pattern ! Nature of Food Insecurity: Duration, Severity ! Agriculture Productivity and types ! ! Agriculture Intensity Trend and Pattern in Food Insecurity ! ! Land capability Causes and Geography of famine !  Location of agriculture Key Dimension of food security ! Efforts and Remedies to ensure food  World Agriculture Typologies security  Salient features of Indian Agriculture  Agricultural in Discussion  Problems of Indian Agriculture ! Controversy over GM Crops: Benefi ts and  Factor Affecting Agriculture Issues ! Geographical factors ! Impact of climate Change on Agriculture ! Institutional factors ! Evergreen Green Revolution for Sustainable ! Technological factors Livelihood MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 47

! Rainbow Revolution ! Fourth Industrial Revolution ! Blue Revolution: Impact on Rural Economy ! Role of Industrial development in ! Climate Smart Agriculture minimizing regional inequalities ! ! Need of Agriculture Diversifi cation Problems of Industrial regions ! ! Mixed farming: Hedging Agriculture Risks Factors behind the growth and present location pattern of automobile industry in ! Problems and Prospects of dry-zone India agriculture ! Pharmaceutical industry: Locational pattern ! Plantation Agriculture: Issues involved and reasons ! Challenges of increasing Agriculture ! Sugar industry: Problems and challenges of Productivity and Production current pattern ! New ‘White Revolution’: Need, Scope and ! Food Processing Industry: Untapped Challenges Potential ! Contract Farming: Benefi ts and Challenges ! Agro based Industries: Problems and ! Role of infrastructural and institutional Prospects factors in the recent transformation of ! Impact of agro-based industries on Indian agriculture cropping pattern ! Impact of advanced agricultural ! Tourism: Prospects and Impact on technologies on the Environment Environment ! Soil Health Card scheme and rationalisation of fertilizer subsidies (5) Transport and Communication ! Food Security: India’s Vulnerability and  Land Transport way-out ! Roads (4) Industry  Classifi cation of roads   Classifi cation of Industries National Highway Grid   Factors affecting location of Industries Problems and Prospects  ! Weber’s Model of Industrial Location Bharatmala Pariyojana ! ! Losch theory of Profi t Maximization Railways   Various Industries: Location, Prospects and Signifi cance and Problems of Indian Railways Challenges  Dedicated Freight Corridors ! Iron and Steel Industry  Privatisation of Railways ! Textile Industry ! Pipelines ! Jute Industry  Signifi cance, Distribution and ! Auto Mobile Industry Challenges ! Fertilizer Industry  Water Transport ! Agro-based Industries ! Inland: National Waterways ! Other Industries  Factors affecting Inland waterways  Industrial Regions and its Characteristics  Signifi cance and Challenges  Major Industrial Regions of the World  Jal Marg Vikas Project  Industrial Regions of India ! Seaways and Oceanic Route  Industrial Policies and Development  Shipping ! A Scheme for Promotion of Innovation,  Major Ports of World and India Rural Industry and Entrepreneurship  (ASPIRE) Challenges in Port Development  ! Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Sagarmala Project Traditional Industries (SFURTI)  Air Transport ! Stand Up India ! National Airways MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 48 IAS 2022

 National Civil Aviation Policy  World Trade Pattern  Regional Connectivity Scheme (UDAN) ! Major Oceanic Trade Routes  International Airways  Basis of Overseas Trade  Communications  Types of International Trade ! Communication Infrastructure ! Bilateral Trade ! National telecom Policy ! Multilateral Trade  Major Issues in Transport and  Communication Various Organisation Related to ! Role of Transport in Regional Development International Trade ! Need for holistic transport planning to  Regional Trade Blocks improve the city’s mobility  Foreign Trade: India ! Carbon footprint of the transport sector ! Trends in India’s Foreign Trade ! Road Transport: Investment Challenges ! Composition Indian Trade ! Inland Waterways: Development challenges and projects ! Direction of India’s Foreign Trade ! Ports: Inclusive centres of economic  Trade Pattern and Policies development ! Changing Pattern of India’s foreign trade ! Problem of Pot Development ! Challenges and prospects of foreign trade ! Analysis of Sagarmala Project of India ! Environmental issues of maritime shipping ! Impact of trade liberalisation on the ! Role of Transport in Regional Development geographical distribution of industries ! Eco Tourism: Way toward Responsible Tourism ! Neo-liberal reforms in Africa: Race of India (6) Trade and China

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

(1) Demography and Census World & India  Factors responsible for migration   Concept of human resources Type of Migration  Factors affecting the distribution of Population  Issues related to migration  Population growth  Migration pattern in world and India ! Theories of Population Growth  World Migration Report, 2018  Malthusian Theory  Population Composition  Marxian Theory ! Age Sex Pyramids & their signifi cance  Demographic transition theory ! Trends and Pattern in Sex Ratio  Optimum Population Theory ! Initiatives to improve Sex ratio ! Size, growth rate and distribution of ! Trends and Patterns in Literacy population ! Government’s Efforts ! Components of Population growth  Fertility Rate  Demographic Dividend  Impact of Population Change ! Demographic Window of Opportunity  Population Policies  Components of Population change ! Need for revision of National Population ! Birth Rate Policy ! Death Rate (Mortality Rate)  Population problems ! Migration ! Global Nutrition Report, 2018 MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 49

! Global Hunger Index  Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana or Housing for All Scheme (2) Settlements and Urbanization  Smart City Initiative  Rural Settlements  AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation ! Classifi cation of Rural Settlements and Urban Transformation) ! Function of Rural Settlements  HRIDAY (Heritage City Development and ! Patterns of Rural Settlements Augmentation Yojana) ! Changing Pattern of Rural Settlements  Urban Settlements (3) Regional Planning and Development ! Origin of Urban Settlements- Functional  Concept of Region Classifi cation of Towns  Types of Regions ! Urbanization   Indian Mega Cities Issues of Regional Imbalances   Central Place Theory Strategies for Regional Development  Primate City (4) Human Development  Morphology of Indian Cities  Growth v/s Development  Conurbations   Urban Slums Approaches to Human Development   Rural Urban Fringe Human Development Index  Rural Urban Continuum  International comparisons of Human ! Issues related to Urbanization in India Development  Habitat – III Conference ! World Development Report, 2019 ! Schemes ! Human Development Report

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MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 50 IAS 2022

ETHICS-1 TEST: 18 ETHICS & HUMAN 18 JANUARY, 2022 INTERFACE

UPSC Syllabus  Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships  Human Values - lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values  Attitude: content, structure, function; its infl uence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social infl uence and persuasion  Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world

Sub-Topic Listing

(1) Ethics: Basic Introduction  Role of Ethical values in governance and society  Dimensions and Essence of Ethics  Signifi cance of values in civil services  Approaches of Ethical Study: Indian  Perspective and Western Perspective Aesthetic values   Basic concepts: morality and value Values in work life and professional ethics  Ethics in public life (3) Aptitude and Foundational Values of Civil  Ethics in Economic Life Services  Freedom and Discipline  Essential Aptitude for civil servants  Duties and Rights  Foundational Values of Civil Services  Virtue Ethics  Civil Services Accountability  Consequences of Ethics in Human Actions  Neutrality, Anonymity, Integrity , Humility  Values and Ethics in Government: Legislature, ,Adaptability , Magnanimity , Perseverance Executive and judiciary  Impartiality and Non-Partisanship  Contribution of Family in Value Education  Tolerance and compassion for the Weaker  Contribution of Society in Inculcating Values section  Role of Educational Institutions in Inculcating  Contribution to society by Civil Services Values (2) Human values (4) India & World Thinkers   Human Values& Socialization Indian Thinkers !  Individual Personality and Values Mahatama Gandhi  Values and Skill ! Dr. S Radhakrishnan  Fundamental and Instrumental Values ! Rabindranath Tagore  Democratic values ! Swami Dayanand Saraswati MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 51

! Mahadeva Govinda Ranade  Indian & World Leaders ! Sri Aurobindo ! Benjamin Franklin ! Swami Vivekananda ! Martin Luther King ! Sardar Patel ! Dalai Lama ! Buddha ! Nelson Mandela ! Bhim Rao Ambedkar ! ! Raja Ram Mohan Roy Mahatma Gandhi ! Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj ! Siddhartha Gautama ! Mother Teresa ! Aung San Suu Kyi ! Amitabha Chowdhury ! Swami Vivekananda ! Aruna Roy ! Albert Einstein ! T N Seshan ! Abraham Lincoln ! E Sreedharan !  Administrative Thinkers Mother Teresa ! Max Weber ! J L Nehru ! Elton Mayo ! Lee Kuan Yew ! Peter Drucker ! Henry Ford ! Chestar Barnard ! Abdul Kalam ! Mary Parker Follet ! Muhammad Yunus  World Thinkers ! ! Plato Wangari Maathai ! Aristotle ! Kofi Annan ! Socrates ! Lech Walesa ! Jeremy Bentham ! Desmond Tutu ! J.S. Mill ! Isaac Newton ! Thomas Hobbes ! ! John Locke Elie Wiesel ! Jean Jacques Rousseau ! King Ashoka ! John Rawls ! Sun Yat Sen ! Immanuel Kant ! Carol Gilligan (5) Attitude ! Jean Paul Sartre  Components of Attitude: Affective, Cognitive , ! Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Behavioral component ! Confucius  Functions of Attitude: Adjustive, Ego- ! Rene Descartes Defensive, Value-Expressive , Knowledge ! Karl Marx Function ! Adam Smith ! Thomas Aquinas  Attitude Formation Model ! David Hume  Impact of Beliefs and Values on Attitude ! Democritus  Group Infl uences ! Galileo  Social Infl uence ! Friedrich Nietzsche  Persuasion Tactics and Tools of Persuasion ! Montesquieu ! Voltaire  Moral Attitude formation ! Thomas Jefferson  Political Attitude formation MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 52 IAS 2022

ETHICS -2 TEST: 19 (ETHICS & 29 JANUARY, 2022 GOVERNANCE)

Sub-Topic Listing

(1) Values & Ethics in Public Administration improvement   Ethical Concerns in Public Institution Importance of vigilant citizens   Ethical Concerns in Private Institutions Information sharing and participation Importance of Code of ethics  Ethical Dilemmas in Public and Private  Institutions Code of Ethics in Professions   Laws, Rules and Regulations as Source of Code of Conduct for Ministers; for Legislators; Ethical Guidance for Civil Servants; for Regulators and for the Judiciary  Accountability and Ethical Governance  Strengthening of Ethical and Moral Values in Components of a Citizen Charter Governance  Steps in formulation of a Citizen’s Charter …  Moral Judgments in International Relations Concept of Work Culture Ethical Relation in Funding  The Indian Approach to Work  International Relations and concept of Moral  Methods of improving Work Culture Responsibility  Quality of Service Delivery  Ethics in working of international organizations  Utilisation of Public Funds  What is Corporate Governance?  Problems in Fund Release and Utilization  Models of Corporate Social Responsibility Parliamentary Control on Expenditure  Steps taken by World Bank for Good Corporate  Corruption in India: extent, dimension, and Governance response  Norms for Corporate Government in India  Corruption as a social evil  Concept of business ethics  Probity in public life Corrupt practice among civil servants and offi cial misconduct (2) Probity in Governance  Exposing corruption: Civil Society initiatives  Concept of Public Service and role of Whistleblower Act  Philosophical basis of Governance and Probity  Tackling corruption: Role of government and  Information Sharing, Transparency and Right institutions of governance to Information  Controlling corruption: Various approaches  Flaws in RTI and recommendations for and effi cacy TEST: 20 ETHICS 3 09 FEBRUARY, 2022 (CASE STUDIES)

TEST: 21 ESSAY MOCK-4 20 FEBRUARY, 2022

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 53

TEST: 22 WORLD HISTORY 03 MARCH, 2022

UPSC Syllabus  History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redraw of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization  Political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism, etc. their forms and eff ect on the society.

Sub-Topic Listing (1) Industrial Revolution (6) World War-I  Decline of feudalism  Causes and Course of the war   Beginning of Renaissance Consequences of World War I   Pre-industrial Europe Aftermath of World War I  League of Nations  Factors that led to industrial revolution and its Impact (7) Russian Revolution (2) French Revolution  Major events in pre-revolution Russia  Causes and Course of revolution  Causes of the revolution in France  Consequences and Aftermath of the war  France under Napoleon  Post-Lenin Russia  Impact and Signifi cance of revolution (8) Inter-War Years (1919 To 1939) (3) Nationalism in Europe  The Great Depression- an economic  Rise of the nation- state system perspective  Unifi cation of Italy and Germany  Rise of Fascism in Italy & Nazism in Germany  Soviet Union (USSR) (4) Colonialism and Imperialism (9) World War- II  Colonialism and its Analysis   The age of Imperialism (1870-1914) Causes &Course of the war  Aftermath &Analysis of the war  Imperialism in Asia  Decolonization Phase (5) Emergence of USA (10) Development In Middle East  Foundation of American Colonies  Democratic reforms in Middle East  The Independence of USA  Arab nationalism  The American Revolutionary War and its  Israel and Palestine impact  Political Effects of the Revolution (11) Cold War Era  How did the American Revolution infl uence the  Impact in India French Revolution?  Indian Policy MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 54 IAS 2022

(12) Post Cold-War World (13) Communism, Socialism and Capitalism  Global issues since 1991  Capitalism (concept, types and example)  Integration of Europe  Communism (concept, types, example)  Rise of global Islamic terrorism  Relevance of capitalism in present era  Rise of China  Socialism

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MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 55

TEST: 23 INTERNATIONAL 14 MARCH, 2022 RELATIONS

UPSC Syllabus  India and its neighborhood- relations.  Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/ or affecting India’s interests  Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests,  Indian diaspora  Important International institutions, agencies and fora, their structure, mandate

Sub-Topic Listing

(1) INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY (2) INDIA AND ITS NEIGHBOURS  Evolution and Challenges  India-China ! Evolution of India’s foreign policy (Including ! Border dispute NAM, Look East and Gujral Doctrine) ! China’s string of pearls ! Determinants and challenges of India’s ! China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Prospects Foreign Policy and Pitfalls  Recent Policies  Maritime Silk Road” linking the Indian ! Neighbourhood fi rst policy and Pacifi c Oceans ! Act east policy  Why India is alarmed regarding BRI? ! Link west policy ! India’s trade defi cit with China ! Indian ocean outreach ! China’s Malacca Dilemma ! Soft Power and Hard Power diplomacy ! 2+1 Dialogue mechanism proposed by ! Defence and Nuclear Diplomacy China ! Space diplomacy ! A rising China: Challenges the US primacy ! Para diplomacy-A New Way for Indian in Asia and role of India Foreign Policy? ! Chinese project of diverting Tibetan waters ! Middle Power Coalition ! South China Sea: objection of China to ! Signifi cance of PMO in foreign policy India’s presence making ! China denies CPEC backing as ‘debt trap’ ! India’s Strategic Connect with the World for Pakistan (Debt trap diplomacy of China) ! Rise of Realpolitik in India’s Foreign Policy ! The Unintended Consequences of India’s in recent times Policy on Citizenship for Tibetan Refugees ! Indian Diaspora ! China’s Economic Slowdown MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 56 IAS 2022

 India-Pakistan  India-Afghanistan ! Indo-Pak Relations : Border Dispute and ! Instability in Afghanistan and role of India J&K issue ! India’s cooperation in Afghanistan ! Terrorism emanating from Pakistan ! Moscow Format ! Indus waters policy shift  India-Maldives ! Dispute over Gilgit-Baltistan ! Geostrategic Importance of Maldives ! CPEC in PoK ! Recent developments in Maldives ! Nuclear India-Pak-US exemplifying recalibration of ties ! ! Indian stance regarding Baluchistan FTA Between China And Maldives - Warning For India  India Bhutan  India-Srilanka ! Bhutan’s signifi cance for Indian Foreign ! policy Sino-Sri Lanka Relationship ! ! India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty Fishermen issue ! th ! Objection of Bhutan to India’s Motor vehicle Issues on 13 amendment (Tamil & Minority agreement Rights) ! Human Right violations & OHCHR ! Bhutan’s rejection of China’s BRI Resolution on Sri Lanka  India-Nepal  Indian Ocean Region ! Indo-Nepal Relations : Fluctuating ties ! Indian Ocean region and world affairs ! Nepal’s tilt towards China ! India is a “Net Security Provider” of the ! Nepal-China Transit Agreement: An Indian Ocean Evaluation ! Increasing Chinese infl uence in the Indian ! India’s concern about Nepal’s new Ocean Constitution ! 20 years of formation of IORA ! The Issue of Water and Hydropower ! Piracy in the Indian Ocean Cooperation ! ! Seychelles’ parliament refusal to ratify an Nepal Bharat Maitri Project Indian naval base plan on the Assumption  India-Myanmar Island ! Democracy in Myanmar ! Importance of Seychelles to India ! Scope for cooperation between N-E India &  Indo-Pacifi c Myanmar ! Concept of Indo-Pacifi c from perspectives ! Rohingya issue different countries ! Buddhist Chauvinism ! East Asia Summit acts as a bridge for Indo- ! Major Projects: Kaladan multi-modal Pacifi c region corridor, India-Myanmar-Thailand trilateral ! India-Pacifi c Regional Dialogue highway  SAARC/BIMSTEC/BBIN  India-Bangladesh ! SAARC: Challenges and Prospects ! Indo-Bangladesh Relations ! Intra-low regional trade ! Water Dispute Teesta water issue & Ganga ! BIMSTEC as an alternative to SAARC river dispute ! Nepal withdrew from fi rst ever BIMSTEC’s ! Bangladesh demand to stop the military drill in India. construction of the Tipaimukh Hydro- ! Progress of BBIN project Electric Power Project on the Barak River  Global Issues ! Differences in approach of India and China ! towards Bangladesh Disarmament ! ! Illegal Immigration Climate Change ! ! Understanding Bangladesh’s Unexpected Terrorism Development Success ! Global Governance MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 57

! Indian Diaspora  India-Iran ! Consolidating India-Iran Cooperation (3) INDIA AND EXTENDED NEIGHBOURHOOD ! Connectivity- Importance of Chabahar port  India-Indonesia ! Iran nuclear deal: Iran Sanctions & India’s ! Indonesia’s vision as a “Global Maritime Options Axis” and it’s signifi cance for India  India Israel:  India-Singapore ! From ‘in the closet’ into a fast-developing ! India-Singapore Bilateral Agreement for open relationship naval cooperation !  Strategic signifi cance of the Indo-Israeli Thailand relationship ! Indo-Thai relations: Challenges & ! De-hyphenation of Israel and Palestine opportunities  India-Vietnam (6) INDIA AND WORLD ! India -Vietnam’s strategic cooperation  India-Africa  India-ASEAN ! India-Africa Trade relations: Prospects ! Importance of ASEAN in establishing peace ! Contribution of Indian Diaspora in various and stability in region fi elds in Africa. ! ASEAN-India Relations: Prospects and ! African co-operation in ensuring security Challenges in Economic Partnership and peace in Indian Ocean region ! India’s cooperation with the ASEAN has ! India’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in been less than China and Japan Africa’s hydrocarbon sector. (4) Central Asia ! Strategic Partnership between India and South Africa ! Connect Central Asia Policy  India-Europe ! Importance of central Asia ! The fi rst India-Nordic Summit ! Golden Crescent ! ! Connectivity Projects (INSTC, Ashgabat What is GDPR? its implication for India Agreement, TAPI Pipeline) ! Infl ux of refugees into Europe  India Mongolia ! Irritants between India-EU (FTA) ! India-Mongolia Bilateral Cooperation ! A new European Union strategy for India ! Mongolia launched construction of fi rst ! Ukrainian Crisis’ has lead to resurgence of strategically oil refi nery ,constructed by cold war India ! Brief on India-UK relations (5) West Asia/Middle East ! Brief on India-France relations  ! Importance of West Asia for India India and USA ! ! Change in West Asian strategic thinking Brief of India-US relations ! ! China’s engagement in West Asia and Mutually supportive Defence cooperation challenges to India relationship ! ! Reasons behind India’s active strategic Logjams in implementation of civil nuclear engagements with West Asian countries cooperation agreement between India and without participating in West Asian turmoil the USA ! Shia-Sunni wedge in West Asian countries ! Bilateral Social Security Agreements ! Importance of Saudi Arabia ,Challenges in ! The rise of protectionist regime in USA and India-Saudi Arabia Relations the challenges for the Indian ! Plight on Indian migrant workers. ! Importance of New Security strategy (NSS) ! Relations between India and United Arab of USA for India Emirates ! Recent US extraterritorial Sanctions and ! Middle East to India Deep water Pipeline their potential impacts on India (MEIDP) ! Potential impact of US sanctions towards MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 58 IAS 2022

Russia, Iran and North Korea using CAATSA ! Benefi ts and challenges of India’s entry in on US-India relation, SCO ! USA pulls out of INF treaty-Its implication  IMF – The International Monetary Fund for India ! Issues concerning the reforms in Bretton ! Pivot to the East policy of the USA Wood twins and needs structural reforms ! The Arithmetic of India-US Relations and to refl ect post globalization realities of the the Russian Factor world ! The First India-US 2+2 Dialogue: An  NATO – The North Atlantic Treaty Assessment Organization ! Challenges in Implementing JCPOA after ! Relevance of NATO in post USSR era the US Withdrawal  TPP – The Trans-Pacifi c Partnership ! LEMA-Logistics Exchange Memorandum of ! Will RCEP prove to be a competitor of TPP Agreement in the Asia-Pacifi c region ! Visa, Free Trade and WTO  WTO – The World Trade Organization  India-Canada ! Doha round and Singapore Agenda: ! Uranium Deal Challenges in implementation  India-Russia ! USA-India dispute ! India’s increasing defence deal with USA, ! Need to revamp WTO Israel  Arctic Council: ! Russian arms deal with Pakistan ! Arctic is attracting global interest ! Stagnation between India-Russia Relations  IAEA ! Russian proposal of ‘Eurasian Economic ! India’s nuclear facilities under IAEA Union safeguards  India-Japan  Sub Topic: UK Referendum – Brexit ! Japan’s funding of major projects in India ! consequences of Brexit for United Kingdom ! Nuclear Pact and European Union, ! Japan’s Pacifi sm ! effect of Brexit on China and India ! 13th annual India - Japan summit  Sub Topic: Refugee problem  India-Australia ! Does the world need a new UN convention ! Australia’s “An India Economic Strategy to on refugees 2035”, a vision document ! United Nations member states (except ! Nuclear cooperation between India- the U.S. and Hungary) agreed on a Global Australia Compact for Migration to better manage international migration (7) INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATON AND  Sub Topic: Terrorism GLOBAL ISSUES ! Reasons of rise of far right wing politics in  United Nation and UNSC many developed and developing countries ! ! UNSC Reforms : Importance and Challenges the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism (CCIT)  BRICS ! UNSC’s 1267 Al Qaeda Sanctions ! Advantages of setting up the New Committee on Jaish-e-Mohammad Chief Development Bank Masood Azhar ! Prospects and Challenges of BRICS ! Security Council Resolution 2322 to  Commonwealth enhance the effi cacy of international legal ! Shared history of Commonwealth and judicial systems ! ! Relevance in current time and Areas of Lone-wolf attacks. Cooperation  Yemen Crisis  Shanghai Cooperation Organization ! Yemen Crisis: Reasons and impacts MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 59

 South China Sea ! Renaissance and Reticence in India’s North- ! Contention over South China Sea and South South Connectivity Platform China Sea Ruling ! Strategic Petroleum Reserves: Stocking Oil ! Senkaku and Diaoyu confl ict between China for Rainy Days and Japan ! QUAD: Strategic and economic benefi ts ! Role of India in the wake of increasing ! India has been accorded associate member South China Sea dispute status by IEA,: Its importance for India  Other ! Why RIC is as important to India as JAI and ! World coming towards a new multi-polar BRICS? order with USA as a waning superpower ! and China-Russia axis as an emerging Rising Protectionism and Currency Wars challenger  Indian Diaspora ! India and the International Solar Alliance ! Role played by Indian Diaspora ! Venezuela-Columbia Border Issue ! Issue of safety of Indians abroad ! AIIB & The Changing World Order ! Schemes for Welfare of Overseas Indian ! Multilateral export control regimes : ! Indian Diaspora in Gulf Signifi cance and challenges of India’s Entry ! ! US-Venezuela Stand-off : Impact on Global Nitaqat law and Present Status Oil Prices

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES (1) Foreign Policy of India  Pakistan   Foreign Policy of India Shift Indus Waters Treaty Policy  Afghanistan  Virtue of Soft Power  Heart of Asia Conference  Middle Power Coalition  Sri Lanka  Terrorism  Bangladesh  Appendix: Global Terrorism Index 2017  Myanmar  Diplomacy of Buddhism  Maldives  Indian Navy at the Front Seat of Indian  FTA between China and Maldives - Warning Foreign Policy for India  Indian Diaspora  Bhutan  Indian Diaspora in Gulf (3) Bilateral Relations (2) Neighbours  Act East Policy  India’s Neighbourhood Policy  Australia  China  Indonesia  South China Sea ruling  Singapore  Water Diplomacy through Dams  South Korea  Chumbhi Valley and Doklam Plateau  Thailand  Why China is Winning over India’s Neighbors?  Vietnam  India, China ink fi rst-ever Internal Security  Philippines Cooperation Agreement  Iran  Nepal  Saudi Arabia  Rebooting India Nepal Ties  U AE  Nepal Withdrew From First Ever BIMSTEC’s  Slowdown in West Asia military drill in India  Return of Retrenched Workers

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 60 IAS 2022

 Race for Resources in Central Asia  Multilateral Negotiations for a Nuclear  Kazakshtan Weapons Ban  Mongolia  Wassenaar Arrangement and India  Island Nations  India Admitted to Australia Group  Africa  IAEA  Nigeria  Nuclear Security Summit  (4) GLOBAL POWERS Non-Alignment Movement (NAM)  UNSC Reform  USA  A new European Union strategy for India (6) Miscellaneous  Germany  UK struck a post-Brexit trade deal with EU’  Japan  ‘India, Sri Lanka, Maldives up maritime  Appendix: Asia-Africa Growth Corridor security’ (AAGC)  ‘India’s outreach to West Asia’  France  ‘SCO Summit’  Russia   Decline in Indo-Russia Relations ‘Chinese dam on YarlungTsangpo/ Brahmaputra: Should India be concerned?’  Why RIC is as important to India as JAI and BRICS?  ‘Pakistan’s new political map’  UK  ‘Vaccine nationalism’  Brazil  ‘US suggests a G7 Expansion to Include  Israel Australia, India, and South Korea’  India’s De-hyphenated Policy  ‘Global Vaccine Summit: India Pledges $15 Million to International Vaccines Alliance (5) INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS & Gavi’ AGREEMENT  ‘South China Sea Chaos’  IMF  Saudi Arabia launches an oil war  World Bank  ’60 years of the Indus Water Treaty’  WTO  ‘On the Quad, defi ne the idea, chart a path’  G-20  ‘Assessing the ‘critical’ importance of  ASEAN Chushul sector in India-China standoff’  BIMSTEC  ‘2020 Afghanistan Conference: A reinforced  Indian Ocean region and world affairs commitment’  BRICS  ‘India and RCEP’  Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank  ‘Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear  Trans Pacifi c Partnership (TPP) Weapons (TPNW)’  Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and India (7) Etc.

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MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 61

TEST: 24 ENVIRONMENT 25 MARCH, 2021

UPSC Syllabus  Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment Disaster and disaster management.

Sub-Topic Listing

(1) Introduction  India’s Missile System   India’s Policy in the Field of the Science & India’s Ballistic Missile Defence System Technology  UAVs in India  The Science & Technology Policy Resolution in  Stealth Technology ,Chemical Weapons , 1958 Biological Weapons  Science & Technology Policy 2013 (5) Nano-Science & Nano-Technology  Institutional Structure  Nanoscience Nanotechnology and  New Initiatives Aligned with the National Nanomaterials Agenda  Applications of Nanotechnology  India & World Collaboration in Science Projects  Health & Environmental Impacts of (2) Spa Satellite Communication in India Nanotechnology  Social & Ethical Impacts  INSAT Satellite Applications  Nano-Science& Nanotechnology in India  Remote Sensing Applications  Cryogenic Rockets (6) Robotics  Global Positioning System  Robotics & Artifi cial Intelligence  Role of Space in Development  Applications of Robotics  ISRO as Soft Power  Robotics and Issues of Unemployment  Issue of Space Race  Space Activities Bill, 2017 (7) Nuclear Energy  Outer space treaty  Nuclear-Power Policy of India  (3) IT, Telcom & Electronics Non-energy Applications of Nuclear Energy  Impact of Radiation, Issue of Radioactive  IT Industry in India Waste  Applications of Information Technology  Institutions involved in Nuclear Energy  Display Technologies Development  Telecommunication  Nuclear & Radiological Disasters  Government Initiatives (8) Biotechnology  Contemporary Debates  Application of Biotechnology (4) Defence  Biotechnology Projects  Missile System and their Classifi cation  Issue of Bio-Piracy MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 62 IAS 2022

 Bioinformatics  Science and Scientists of Medieval India  Biotechnology and IPR Issue  Scientists of Modern India  Ethical Dimension In Biotechnology (11) Policies& Reports related to Science (9) 10 Renewable Energy  Technology Vision Document 2035  Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)  National Biotechnology Development  Concept of Green Building Strategy 2015-2020  Tidal , Wave , Geothermal Energy , Fuel Cells  National Intellectual Property Rights Policy (10) 11 Achievements of Indians in science &  Policy on Synthetic Biology technology  Law Commission Report on Human DNA  Scientists of Ancient India Profi ling

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES (1) Space  Mass Embryo Transfer   OUTER SPACE TREATY Issues Related to Gm Food   NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY Importance of Genetic Testing   SOLAR MISSION- ADITYA Health Geo-Mapping Project   Chandrayaan-2 Mission Digital Health Technology Eco-System   GRAVITATIONAL WAVES Ethical Dimension In Biotechnology   IMPORTANCE OF NAVIGATION SYSTEM Law Commission Report on Human DNA Profi ling  Reusable Launch Vehicle  Law against Genetic Discrimination  About SN Bose  Genome Editing: What, Why and Way Forward  Stephen Hawking  Space Activities Bill, 2017 (3) DEFENCE  ISRO AS SOFT POWER  India’s Missile System  ISRO’S ROLE IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC  Brahmos and its Signifi cance DEVELOPMENT  India’s Ballistic Missile Defence System  Space Debris  Indian Submarines and Naval Ships  GAGANYAAN  Light Combat Aircraft  20 years of International Space Station  UAVs in India (2) Biotechnology & Health  Chemical Weapons   Tuberculosis Biological Weapons  Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (4) Policies Related to Science  Nipah Virus Infection  STI Policy 2013 of India: Analysis  Generic Drugs in India  The Paradox of Innovation  Stent Implants  Analysis of INSPIRE Scheme  INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: ISSUES &  National Biotechnology Development CONCERNS Strategy 2015- 2020  Misuse of Secondary Patent Methodology  Organ Donation Rules in India  Digital Biopiracy  Policy on Synthetic Biology  Clinical Applications of whole Genome  Maharashtra’s Public Cloud Policy Sequencing  National Policy on Electronics 2019  Three-Parent Babies Permitted in UK

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 Roadmap for Drones  Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant  National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy  Geo-Tagging The Assets In Mgnrega  Draft Rules for E-Pharmacies  Robot Tax and its Implications  National Digital Communications Policy  India & World Collaboration in Science  Net Neutrality Projects (5) IT & Telecom (7) Diseases in News   Internet Of Things African Swine Fever   Big Data Initiative Shigella infection   Supercomputer and its Applications Eluru Mystery Disease   Li-Fi Technology and its Application Cytokine Storm   Use of it in Financial Inclusion Encephalitis Syndrome (AES)   Credit/Debit Card Crimes Multi-System Infl ammatory State   Bharatnet Project Classical Swine Fever   Wanna Cry Malware Deconstructing SARS-CoV-2 virus   Concept of Cyber-Physical Systems Huntingtin Disease   Esign Electronic Signature Service: ICMR warns India of ‘Cat Que Virus’ Signifi cance & Applications  Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD)  Digital India: Achievements  New tick-borne virus in China  Adoption of Blockchain Technology to Stop  Amoebiasis Bank Frauds  World Tuberculosis (TB) Day  Artifi cial Intelligence and Society  Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV  Two Authentication Procedure  Nipah Virus Infection  Facial Authentication Working  Avian Infl uenza or Bird Flu  Issue of Internet Governance  Bovine TB  Quantum computing  Encephalitis  National supercomputing mission  Kyasanoor Forest Disease (Monkey Fever)  Data Protection-B N srikrishna committee  Hospital Acquired Infection  Data Localisation and Related Issues  Rotavirus  National Digital Literacy Mission and Digital  Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus NE vision  Swine Flu  National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-  Chikanguniya Physical Systems (NM-ICPS)  Tuberculosis  Bullet Train (8) Miscellaneous (6) Initiatives in the Field of Science & Technology  ‘Genome editing and ethical concerns’  Brain Fingerprinting technology’  Technology and Food Security  DRDO achieves milestone in key quantum  BOOSTING Horticulture through Remote technology’ Sensing  ‘National Space Promotion and Authorization  Hyperloop Transportation Technology Centre (IN-SPACe)’  Cloud Seeding Experiment In Maharashtra  The Fifth State of Matter’  Nano-Technology Medicines  Immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA test’  Hydrogen Bomb  ‘Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI)’  Ear Tagging In Cattle  ‘The contact tracing technology’  e-Cigarette

MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 64 IAS 2022

 ‘NASA’s Artemis Project  Web 3.0 revolution  Aarogya Setu App  Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle  Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES)‘ (HSTDV)’   Convalescent-plasma therapy Novichok nerve agent’   Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) 2020‘ India’s Deep Sea Mission  Cord Blood Banking (9) Etc.

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MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 65

TEST: 25 SCIENCE & 06 APRIL, 2022 TECHNOLOGY

UPSC Syllabus  Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.  Awareness in the fi elds of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

(1) ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY: BASIC (4) TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS UNDERSTANDING  Terrestrial Ecosystem  Introduction  Aquatic Ecosystem  Categories of Environment  Changes in Ecosystem  Features of Environment  Ecosystem Conservation  Components of Environment  Ecology vs. Economy  Ecology (5) POPULATION ECOLOGY (2) ECOSYSTEM AND ITS DYNAMICS  Population Characteristics  Ecosystem Defi nitions  Population Growth Models  Properties of Ecosystem  Species  Components of Ecosystem ! Abiotic Factors (6) BIOSPHERE ! Biotic Factors  Extent of the Biosphere  Ecosystem Dynamics  Working of the Biosphere  (3) BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Importance of the Biosphere  Alpha, Beta, Gamma Diversity  Gaseous Cycle  Biomes ! Carbon Cycle  Global Biomes  Human Impact on the Carbon Cycle !  Effects of High Concentration of Greenhouse Major Biomes of the World Gases ! WWF Classifi cation of Biomes ! Hydrological Cycle ! Terrestrial Biomes ! Nitrogen Cycle ! Aquatic Biomes ! Human Impact on the Nitrogen Cycle  Indian Biomes ! Oxygen Cycle  Sedimentary Cycle (7) BIODIVERSITY ! Sulphur Cycle  Types of Biodiversity  Human Impact on the Sulphur Cycle  Value of the Biodiversity ! Phosphorus Cycle  Threats to Biodiversity MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 66 IAS 2022

! Causes of Biodiversity losses (‘The Evil ! Nuclear Accidents Quartet’)  Water Degradation ! Invasive species ! Measurement of Water Pollution ! Effects of Loss of Bio-Diversity ! Harmful Effects of Water Pollution  Extinction of Species ! Types - Natural, Mass, Anthropogenic (10) WASTE MANAGEMENT ! Causes of Extinction  Solid Waste Management ! Consequences of Extinction of Species ! Salient features of SWM Rules, 2016 (8) BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION  e-waste Management  Conservation Strategies ! Pollutants and their Health Impacts  Conservation Tools ! Importance of the E-Waste Management  IUCN ! E-waste (Management & Handling)Rules,  IUCN Red List 2016  Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESAs)  Biomedical Waste  In-situ methods of conservation of biodiversity ! ! Advantages of In-situ Conservation Hazards Associated with Waste Management ! Disadvantages of In-situ conservation  Ex-situ Methods of Conservation of ! Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, Biodiversity 2016  (9) POLLUTION & DEGRADATION Hazardous Waste ! Hazardous Waste Treatment  Land Degradation ! Causes and Impact of Land Degradation ! Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management ! Desertifi cation & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 ! Sustainable Land Management (11) CLIMATE CHANGE ! Soil Erosion  ! Problems due to Excessive Irrigation Factors Affecting Climate Change  ! Soil Conservation Impact of climate change & its mitigation  Air Pollution  Climate Change Management ! Causes of Air Pollution ! Conventions ! Harmful Effects of Common Air Pollutants ! International Organisations ! Control of Air Pollution  Marine Pollution (12) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ! Effects of Marine Pollution SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES ! Coastal Regulation Zone Notifi cation, 2011  Impact of Agriculture on Environment  Mining & Pollution ! Sustainable Agriculture ! Effects of Mining on Environment  Sustainable Agriculture ! Concept of Sustainable Mining ! ! Acts to regulate the adverse effects of Hi-tech Farming Methods Mining Activities ! Rain Water Harvesting  Other Pollution ! Green Buildings and their Rating System ! Effects of Noise Pollution on Human Health in India ! Harmful Effects from Biological Contaminants ! Eco-tourism-Advantages & ! Harmful Effects of Radioactive Pollution Disadvantages of Eco-tourism MAINS TEST SERIES 2022 Q &A www.iasscore.in 67

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

(1) WILDLIFE  Concept of Green Bond   Man-Animal Confl icts in India Green Climate Fund   Poaching activities in India Carbon Tax Feasibility in India   Development leads to tiger extinction Concept of Green Building   Elephant Conservation Concept of Carbon Credit   International treaties for wildlife Climate Change and Cities conservation Use of drones for wildlife  Climate change and its impact on Health conservation  Climate Change and Agriculture  Urban Land Acting as Death Traps for Birds  Climate Change and sea level Rise  Eco-Bridges and Biodiversity Management  Ocean Warming  Suderbans at risk due to Climate Change  Melting of Gangotri Glacier  CRITICAL WILDLIFE HABITATS  Programmes and Policies Initiated for  Declining Population of Pollinators Mitigating Climate Change  International treaties for Wildlife  International Collaboration for Mitigating Conservation Climate Change  Ethical issue involved in climate change (2) COMBATING POLLUTION  Third Pole and Climate Change  Indoor Air Pollution and its impact  UNCCD 2018-2030 Strategic Framework  Impact of Particulate Matter  REGULATORY INDICATORS FOR  Smog and its impact SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (RISE) 2018 – WB  Aerosol shrinking India’s Monsoon  ACCOUNTING METHODS OF CLIMATE FUND  Stubble Burning QUESTIONED  Mobile radiation Impact on Health  Tackling climate change from a security  Heavy water Pollution perspective   Plastic Pollution EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON EL NIÑO  IN THE 21ST CENTURY Light Immersion Pollution   INDIA TO EXPAND POLAR RESEARCH TO Idol Pollution ARCTIC  Oil Spill  BENGAL TIGERS MAY NOT SURVIVE CLIMATE  Garbage Dumping and its Environment CHANGE  E-waste Management Rules 2016  SCIENTISTS MULL STRATOSPHERIC BARRIER  Groundwater contamination (Arsenic, TO CURB GLOBAL WARMING Uranium)  Bharat Stage Norm (4) RENEWABLE ENERGY  What is Polluters Pay Model?  Biogas  Beach (Coastal) Pollution  National Solar Mission  Nitrogen Pollution  Status of Hydro Power energy in India  Hazardous Waste (Management  Alternative fuels in India &Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016  Draft Energy Policy  (3) CLIMATE CHANGE National Energy Storage Mission  Indian Renewable Energy Development  Conference of Parties (COP-24) at Katowice Agency  Marrakech Climate Change Conference  National Wind-solar Hybrid Policy  Paris Agreement  Photo-voltaic industry and CPSU scheme  US moved out of Paris agreement  Kigali Agreement (5) INITIATIVES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL  Kyoto Protocol (2nd Commitment) CONSERVATION  IPCC Report 2018  Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act  International Solar Alliance  Draft National Wildlife Action Plan

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 Wetland Management Rules, 2017 Forest Report  Initiatives to enhance green cover  Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee  Policy on Promotion of City Compost  Traditional Knowledge Digital Library  Ancient Bawadis and Water Management  Living status to Rivers (7) MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES  Ganga River Pollution  Net zero by 2060: China’s bold new carbon  Environment Impact Assessment emissions goal  Environmental Compliance and Enforcement  The usual Stubble Burning Problem in India  U.S. offi cially left the Paris Agreement  Public Participation for Environmental  conservation Harnessing the Power of India’s Forests for  Western Ghats biodiversity conservation Climate Change Mitigation  The 25 Year Environment Plan  EIA Notifi cation 2020  India’s National Redd+ Strategy  Desertifi cation and Drought Day  Indian Forest Act amendment  Massive plastic pollution footprint  Sustainable India Finance Facility (SIFF)  Preservation of Eastern and Western Ghats  Sustainable Development in Indian  Heat Waves Himalayan Region  ‘Could kelp help relieve ocean acidifi cation  Global Carbon Project (GCP)   Naturalized species ‘Cyclone Amphan   Resource Effi ciency Cell ‘Chamoli glacier break’  India Cooling Action Plan (ICAP), Global  ‘Extreme Heat Events in India’s Cities: A Cooling Coalition Framework for Adaptive Action Plans’  Island protection zone (IPZ)  ‘Forest Fires in Himachal Pradesh’  Plan to save Himalayan springs  ‘Megatrends’ to affect forests over the coming decade’ (6) ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS  ‘COVID-19 pandemic and disaster  Pollution Control Board: Analysis management’  National Green Tribunal: Analysis  Forest Survey of India and India State of (8) Etc.

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MAINS TEST SERIES 2022