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Identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation De Kosnik, Abigail, and Keith Feldman. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9697041. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Revised Pages #identity De Kosnik, Abigail, and Keith Feldman. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9697041. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Revised Pages De Kosnik, Abigail, and Keith Feldman. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9697041. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Revised Pages #identity Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation Abigail De Kosnik and Keith P. Feldman, Editors University of Michigan Press • Ann Arbor De Kosnik, Abigail, and Keith Feldman. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9697041. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Revised Pages Copyright © 2019 by Abigail De Kosnik and Keith P. Feldman All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. Published in the United States of America by the University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America Printed on acid- free paper First published April 2019 A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication data has been applied for. ISBN: 978- 0- 472- 07415- 0 (Hardcover : alk paper) ISBN: 978- 0- 482- 05415- 2 (Paper : alk paper) ISBN: 978- 0- 472- 12527-2 (ebook) ISBN: 978- 0- 472- 90109- 8 (ebook Open Access) This title is freely available in an open access edition with generous support from the Library of the University of California, Berkeley. De Kosnik, Abigail, and Keith Feldman. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9697041. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Revised Pages Acknowledgments Centering questions of race, gender, sexuality, and nation in this book has been as much a reflection of the topics of scholarly inquiry as it is an intentional way of coproducing knowledge across axes of power and dif- ference. #identity reflects several years of collaboration and community- building among the faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and doctoral students who make the Color of New Media working group what it is. The book is one outcome of a shared desire to create the scholarship we want to see in the world and an orientation toward collaboration and co-mentorship that we consider foundational to interdisciplinary work. We want to thank all of the students, faculty, and staff who have made the Color of New Media working group their own over the years. UC Berkeley’s Center for Race and Gender, especially Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Leti Volpp, Alisa Bierria, and Pamela Matsuoka, and the Center for New Media, particularly Greg Niemeyer, Nicholas de Monchaux, and Lara Wolfe, have generously provided necessary institutional support for this project. We are grateful to the Berkeley Research Impact Initiative at the Library of the University of California, Berkeley for supporting the production of an open access version of the book. Nic Chang, Monica Khachatrian, and Lida Zeitlin Wu demonstrated consummate profes- sionalism and care in formatting our chapters and preparing the final manuscript, and we thank them from the bottom of our hearts for their time, dedication, and labor. Rachel Nishan at Twin Oaks Indexing was a dream to work with. The team at the University of Michigan Press has been generous and supportive throughout the long gestation of this book. Susan Cronin fielded countless questions from us and helped our manuscript enter the production process as gracefully as possible, and Mary Hashman was an outstanding production editor. Mary Francis saw De Kosnik, Abigail, and Keith Feldman. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9697041. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Revised Pages vi Acknowledgments possibilities in this project in its earliest glimmers and has guided it into the world with patience, enthusiasm, and many excellent ideas. We owe Mary a million thanks for her crucial role in making manifest our dream of a collaborative original publication. (In case anyone reading this is wondering how and why a UC Berkeley working group’s project ended up at the University of Michigan Press, the answer is that Mary first expressed interest in #identity while she was an editor at University of California Press— and her initial input was so crucial to this undertaking that we decided that the book should follow her to her new professional home!) Finally, to our family members and friends—all those who have helped to give this book life by sustaining and nurturing the people whose names are printed on its pages— thank you, thank you, thank you. This book is the product not only of work but of love. De Kosnik, Abigail, and Keith Feldman. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9697041. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Revised Pages Contents Introduction: The Hashtags We’ve Been Forced to Remember 1 abigail de kosnik and keith p. feldman 1. Is Twitter a Stage?: Theories of Social Media Platforms as Performance Spaces 20 abigail de kosnik Part I: Black Twitter Futures 2. #OnFleek: Authorship, Interpellation, and the Black Femme Prowess of Black Twitter 39 malika imhotep 3. “You Ok Sis?”: Black Vernacular, Community Formation, and the Innate Tensions of the Hashtag 57 paige johnson 4. #SandraBland’s Mystery: A Transmedia Story of Police Brutality 68 aaminah norris and nalya rodriguez 5. Creating and Imagining Black Futures through Afrofuturism 84 grace gipson 6. Ferguson Blues: A Conversation with Rev. Osagyefo Sekou 104 Part II: Mediated Intersections 7. Confused Cats and Postfeminist Performance 123 lyndsey ogle De Kosnik, Abigail, and Keith Feldman. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9697041. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Revised Pages viii Contents 8. #WhyIStayed: Virtual Survivor- Centered Spaces for Transformation and Abolishing Partner Violence 137 julia havard 9. #gentrification, Cultural Erasure, and the (Im)possibilities of Digital Queer Gestures 152 josé ramón lizárraga and arturo cortéz 10. Hashtag Television: On- Screen Branding, Second- Screen Viewing, and Emerging Modes of Television Audience Interaction 165 renée pastel Part III: Disavowals 11. Hashtag Rhetoric: #AllLivesMatter and the Production of Post- Racial Affect 183 kyle booten 12. #CancelColbert: Popular Outrage, Divo Citizenship, and Digital Political Performativity 203 abigail de kosnik 13. #nohomo: Homophobic Twitter Hashtags, Straight Masculinity, and Networks of Queer Disavowal 218 bonnie ruberg Part IV: Twitter International 14. “Is Twitter for Celebrities Only?”: A Qualitative Study of Twitter Use in India 237 neha kumar 15. Reterritorializing Twitter: African Moments, 2010– 2015 249 reginold a. royston and krystal strong 16. #IfAfricaWasABar: Participation on Twitter across African Borders 268 naveena karusala, trevor perrier, and neha kumar 17. Beyond Hashtags: Black Twitter and Building Solidarity across Borders 283 kimberly mcnair De Kosnik, Abigail, and Keith Feldman. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9697041. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Revised Pages Contents ix Part V: Notes from the Color of New Media 18. The Color of New Media Enters Trumplandia 301 19. The Color of New Media Responds to UC Berkeley’s “Free Speech Week” 317 Contributors 343 Index 347 De Kosnik, Abigail, and Keith Feldman. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9697041. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution De Kosnik, Abigail, and Keith Feldman. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9697041. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Revised Pages Introduction The Hashtags We’ve Been Forced to Remember abigail de kosnik and keith p. feldman In August 2017 the Bay Area ensemble Campo Santo performed “Ethos de Masquerade,” an original theater and dance work about the HIV/ AIDS crisis and the Black Lives Matter movement, at the A.C.T. Strand Theater in San Francisco. Before the performance began, assistant direc- tor Ashley Smiley led the audience through some breathing exercises as a means of helping us achieve the proper orientation of mind, body, and spirit necessary to receive the experience that was about to transpire. She encouraged us to inhale, to dwell for a moment on “the hashtags you’ve been forced to remember,” and then to breathe them out and release them. This book is about the hashtags that we’ve been forced to remember. Its pages contain our meditations on those hashtags, our coming to terms with them, our processing their contexts and meanings, and our releasing them into the world— not as a means of forgetting or erasing them but as a way of sharing the understandings we’ve come to about what these tags mean, individually and together, and how they have served as labels, metadata, organizing ideas, and rallying cries for the last several years of our lives.
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