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Rove Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) on Agrolandscape Herbaceous Vegetation in the Leningrad Region Còàôèëèíèäû (C

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Rove Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) on Agrolandscape Herbaceous Vegetation in the Leningrad Region Còàôèëèíèäû (C Russian Entomol. J. 28(4): 373–376 © RUSSIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2019 Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) on agrolandscape herbaceous vegetation in the Leningrad Region Còàôèëèíèäû (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) íà òðàâÿíèñòîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè àãðîëàíäøàôòîâ Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè O.G. Guseva1, A.M. Shpanev1,2 Î.Ã. Ãóñåâà1, À.Ì. Øïàíåâ1,2 1 All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo 3, St. Petersburg, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 1 Всероссийский НИИ защиты растений, шоссе Подбельского, 3, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. 2 Agrophysical Research Institute, Grazhdanskiy Pr. 14, St. Petersburg, Russia. 2‘ Агрофизический НИИ, Гражданский проспект 14, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. KEY WORDS: biodiversity, rove beetles, sweep netting, herbaceous vegetation, agrolandscape. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: биоразнообразие, стафилиниды, кошение энтомологическим сачком, травянистая растительность, агроландшафт. ABSTRACT. During the period from 2005 to 2019, Northwestern Russia [Guseva, 2014a]. Their role as 38 rove beetles species were collected by sweeping predators of agricultural pests that live on plants de- herbaceous vegetation in agricultural fields and at field pends on their ability to climb different plants. Never- margins of the Leningrad Region, Northwestern Russia. theless, this ability of many species has not yet been The highest species diversity is recorded on the grain clarified in the existing literature. Sweeping on vegeta- crops and at field margins. Eleven of the collected tion is rarely used to collect rove beetles [Niedobova, species (29% of the total number of species collected by Fric, 2014]. This study determines the species composi- sweep sampling) were never collected by pitfall traps. tion of rove beetles on the plants by sweeping vegeta- Among them Stenus similis (Hbst.), frequently collect- tion on different agricultural fields and at their margins ed in herbaceous layer, mainly on perennial grasses and in the Leningrad Region. winter grain crops. Data and methods РЕЗЮМЕ. За период с 2005 по 2019 г. в Ленин- градской области на травянистой растительности методом кошения энтомологическим сачком было Data were collected during the 2005–2019 period in собрано 38 видов стафилинид. Наибольшее видо- the framework of a joint project with the Agrophysical вое разнообразие отмечено в агроценозах зерно- Research Institute (ARI, St. Petersburg). Rove beetles вых культур и на обочинах полей. 11 видов стафи- were collected with a standard insect net (300 mm линид (29% от общего числа видов стафилинид, diameter) in the different biotopes. The research was собранных методом кошения) не были отмечены carried out on grain crops (spring and winter wheat, rye при учётах, проведённых с помощью почвенных and spring barley), perennial grasses (clover, timothy ловушек. Среди этих видов Stenus similis (Hbst.), grass and rye grass), potato, beet, vetch-oat mixture, часто встречающийся в растительном ярусе, осо- rape, lupine and at field margins (about 5–10 m around бенно на полях многолетних трав и озимых зерно- the cultivated land, the biotope combine herbaceous вых культур. vegetation and shrubs) mainly at Menkovo Research Station (MRS) of ARI (Menkovo Village, Gatchina District, Leningrad Region). Samples were taken with Introduction weekly or bi-weekly intervals from May to August. Whenever possible, sampling was done on warm, dry Many species of rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylin- days. At each sampling site, 50–100 sweeps were made idae) occur in boreal agrolandscapes, mainly on soil with a sweep net. During the whole sampling period we surface. In total, 157 species of rove beetles have been collected with insect net a total of 347 rove beetles found on soil surface in the in the agrolandscapes in specimens with 40300 sweeps. How to cite this article: Guseva O.G., Shpanev A.M. 2019. Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) on agrolandscape herbaceous vegetation in the Leningrad Region // Russian Entomol. J. Vol.28. No.4. P.373–376. doi: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.05 374 O.G. Guseva, A.M. Shpanev Most specimens we identified by us. Some speci- The other representative of this genus, E. luteum, was mens were identified by V.I. Gusarov (Natural History highly abundant in the agrolandscape of MRS at the Museum, University of Oslo, Norway) or A.V. Kovalev field margin covered mostly with Filipendula vulgaris (All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Peters- (Moench, 1794) and Epilobium angustifolium (Linnae- burg, Russian Federation). The first also checked and us, 1753), during their flowering period. confirmed some of our identifications. However, most rove beetles are predators. Stenus The species richness was estimated by the popular preys on larvae of Cicadellidae, Diptera and others Margalef index DMg = (S – 1)/ln N, where S is the small arthropods [Freude et al., 2012]. S. similis has number of species recorded and N is the total number of been recorded as a predator of aphids Sitobion avenae individuals of all the species [Pesenko, 1982)]. Fabricius, 1775 [Sunderland et al., 1987]. A. gregaria To compare results obtained by sweeping on vegeta- preys on aphids Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758) tion and pitfall trapping, this study uses the data collect- [Guseva, 2011]. Tachyporus spp. are significant preda- ed during our previous investigations in the agrolan- tors of aphids and others arthropods. T. hypnorum preys dscapes of the Leningrad Region [Guseva, 2014a, b; on aphids R. padi, Sitobion avenae [Sopp, Wratten, 2017; 2019; Guseva, Koval, 2015, 2017]. 1986; Kyneb, Toft, 2004] and Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, 1776 [Balog et al., 2013]. According to field Results and discussion observations in different parts of Turkey, adult beetles of T. nitidulus and T. hypnorum prey upon cereal aphids and eggs of cabbage root flies (Delia sp.) [Özgen, In total, 38 species of rove beetles from 8 subfamilies Anlas, 2011]. Tachyporus obtusus feeds on aphids S. and 23 genera, were collected on herbaceous vegetation avenae [Dennis et al., 1991]. Tachyporus chrysomeli- using sweep net sampling. The species richness is distrib- nus preys on aphids S. avenae [Sopp, Wratten, 1986] uted in various fields as follows: grain crops 26 species, and R. padi [Guseva, 2011]. The level of consumption grasses 15, potato and beet five species (Table). of aphid R. padi by adult T. chrysomelinus is 4.2 ± 3.40 Among the collected rove beetles, ten species be- individuals per day under laboratory conditions [Guse- long to the subfamily Tachyporinae (Tachyporus, Ta- va, 2011]. The study carried out in winter grain fields in chinus, Bolitobius, Mycetoporus), nine species belong the Leningrad Region demonstrated that Tachyporus to Aleocharinae (Oxypoda, Nehemitropia, Amischa, spp. are present in the crops from the third decade of Aloconota, Atheta, Mocyta, Aleochara), five to Steni- May, while S. similis are present from the second de- nae (Stenus), five to Omalinae (Eusphalerum, Omali- cade of May, before the appearance of aphids on the um, Anthophagus), four to Staphylininae (Gyrohypnus, fields. Abundance of the rove beetles (calculated as the Gabrius, Philonthus) and three to Oxytelinae (Carpeli- number of specimens per 100 sweeps) on plants of mus, Anotylus) (Table). winter grain fields is higher than on the other fields, the It is known, that those representatives of Tachypori- highest species diversity is recorded on the grain crops nae and Aleocharinae subfamilies that do not have a (Table). Probably, grain aphids along with other phy- narrow specialization, are able to climb plant stems, but tophagous insects attract various species of predatory spend significant amount of time in cavities of the rove beetles, who climb plants in order to feed. There- ground [Tikhomirova, 1973]. fore, they might play an important role as useful preda- Among rove beetles from Tachyporinae subfamily, tors at the beginning of the appearance of aphids on the Tachyporus chrysomelinus and T. hypnorum are most winter grain fields. abundant on the herbaceous vegetation (Table). Among those rove beetles that occurred on the her- Among rove beetles from Aleocharinae subfamily, baceous vegetation, many species were also known to A. analis and M. fungi was most frequently collected on be abundant on the soil surface. For instance, our previ- the plants by sweep net sampling. M. fungi is especially ous investigations carried out by pitfall trapping method abundant on the grain crops and perennial grasses (Ta- have shown T. chrysomelinus, T. hypnorum, A. analis, ble). M. fungi and A. gregaria to be among the most numer- The Steninae subfamily (Stenus spp.) plays a dis- ous species in agrolandscapes of the Leningrad Region tinct role among the rove beetles that are able to climb [Guseva, 2014b, 2017, 2019; Guseva, Koval, 2015, plants. The species of this genus which are encountered 2017]. on the ground surface and on the plants in wet biotopes, Eleven species: E. luteum, E. minutum, C. ?elonga- share distinctive features that enable them to move tulus, A. omalinus, O. rufus, S. similis, P. pseudo- freely across the plants and to resist dehydration varians, T. ?formosus, T. obtusus, A. debilis and [Tikhomirova, 1973]. S. similis in herbaceous layer in N. lividipennis were captured by sweeping herbaceous the agrolandscapes of the Leningrad Region were espe- vegetation, but they have never been found in pitfall cially abundant (Table). traps during the whole period of our research (Table). Representatives from Omaliinae subfamily climb They constitute a 29 % share of the overall
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