He Then Crosses to the Other Bench.) Sarah Good (Rising in Her Rags

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

He Then Crosses to the Other Bench.) Sarah Good (Rising in Her Rags Act Four (A cell in Salem jail, that fall. At the back is a high barred window; near it, a great, heavy door. Along the walls are two benches. The place is in darkness but for the moonlight seeping through the bars. It appears empty. Presently footsteps are heard coming down a corridor beyond the wall, keys rattle, and the door swings open. Marshal Herrick enters with a lantern. He is nearly drunk, and heavy-footed. He goes to a bench and nudges a bundle of rags lying on it.) Herrick. Sarah, wake up! Sarah Good! (He then crosses 20 Sarah Good. A pair of bluebirds wingin’ southerly, to the other bench.) the two of us! Oh, it be a grand transformation, Sarah Good (rising in her rags). Oh, Majesty! Comin’, Marshal! (She raises the flask to drink again.) comin’! Tituba, he’s here, His Majesty’s come! Herrick (taking the flask from her lips). You’d best give Herrick. Go to the north cell; this place is wanted now. me that or you’ll never rise off the ground. Come (He hangs his lantern on the wall. Tituba sits up.) along now. Tituba. That don’t look to me like His Majesty; look Tituba. I’ll speak to him for you, if you desires to to me like the marshal. come along, Marshal. Herrick (taking out a flask). Get along with you now, Herrick. I’d not refuse it, Tituba; it’s the proper 10 clear this place. (He drinks, and Sarah Good comes morning to fly into Hell. and peers up into his face.) 30 Tituba. Oh, it be no Hell in Barbados. Devil, him Sarah Good. Oh, is it you, Marshal! I thought sure be pleasure-man in Barbados, him be singin’ and you be the devil comin’ for us. Could I have a sip dancin’ in Barbados. It’s you folks—you riles him of cider for me goin’-away? up ’round here; it be too cold ’round here for that Old Boy. He freeze his soul in Massachusetts, but in Herrick (handing her the flask). And where are you Barbados he just as sweet and—(A bellowing cow is off to, Sarah? heard, and Tituba leaps up and calls to the window.) TITUBA (as Sarah drinks). We goin’ to Barbados, soon Aye, sir! That’s him, Sarah! the Devil gits here with the feathers and the wings. Sarah Good. I’m here, Majesty! (They hurriedly pick Herrick. Oh? A happy voyage to you. up their rags as Hopkins, a guard, enters.) 200 unit 1: early american writing 4HEMEs ACROSs TIME John PrOCTor going To the gALLOWS the crucible: act four 201 40 Hopkins. The Deputy Governor’s arrived. Herrick. No, sir; it is a bitter night, and I have no Herrick (grabbing Tituba). Come along, come along. fire here. TITUBA (resisting him). No, he comin’ for me. I goin’ DanfORTH (containing his anger). Fetch Mr. Parris. home! Herrick. Aye, sir. Herrick (pulling her to the door). That’s not Satan, 80 DanfORth. There is a prodigious stench in this place. just a poor old cow with a hatful of milk. Come Herrick. I have only now cleared the people out along now, out with you! for you. TITUBA (calling to the window). Take me home, Devil! DanfORth. Beware hard drink, Marshal. Take me home! Herrick. Aye, sir. (He waits an instant for further Sarah Good (following the shouting Tituba out). Tell orders. But Danforth, in dissatisfaction, turns his 50 him I’m goin’, Tituba! Now you tell him Sarah back on him, and Herrick goes out. There is a pause. Good is goin’ too! Danforth stands in thought.) (In the corridor outside Tituba calls on—“Take me HaTHORNE. Let you question Hale, Excellency; I home, Devil; Devil take me home!” and Hopkins’ should not be surprised he have been preaching voice orders her to move on. Herrick returns and 90 in Andover2 lately. begins to push old rags and straw into a corner. Hear- DanfORth. We’ll come to that; speak nothing of ing footsteps, he turns, and enter Danforth and Andover. Parris prays with him. That’s strange. (He Judge Hathorne. They are in greatcoats and wear blows on his hands, moves toward the window, and hats against the bitter cold. They are followed in looks out.) by Cheever, who carries a dispatch case1 and a flat HaTHORNE. Excellency, I wonder if it be wise to 60 wooden box containing his writing materials.) let Mr. Parris so continuously with the prisoners. Herrick. Good morning, Excellency. ( Danforth turns to him, interested.) I think, some- DanfORth. Where is Mr. Parris? times, the man has a mad look these days. Herrick. I’ll fetch him. (He starts for the door.) DanfORth. Mad? DanfORth. Marshal. ( Herrick stops.) When did Rev- 100 HaTHORNE. I met him yesterday coming out of his erend Hale arrive? house, and I bid him good morning—and he wept Herrick. It were toward midnight, I think. and went his way. I think it is not well the village DanfORTH (suspiciously). What is he about here? sees him so unsteady. Herrick. He goes among them that will hang, sir. DanfORth. Perhaps he have some sorrow. And he prays with them. He sits with Goody Nurse CheeVER (stamping his feet against the cold ). I think 70 now. And Mr. Parris with him. it be the cows, sir. DanfORth. Indeed. That man have no authority to DanfORth. Cows? enter here, Marshal. Why have you let him in? CheeVER. There be so many cows wanderin’ the high- Herrick. Why, Mr. Parris command me, sir. I cannot roads, now their masters are in the jails, and much deny him. 110 disagreement who they will belong to now. I know DanfORth. Are you drunk, Marshal? Mr. Parris be arguin’ with farmers all yesterday— 1. DISPAtch case:acaseforcarryingdocuments. 2. AndoVER:aTOwninMassachusettsnorTHWESTofSalem. 202 unit 1: early american writing 4HEMEs ACROSs TIME there is great contention, sir, about the cows. Con- Parris. This be the third night. You see, sir, she told tention make him weep, sir; it were always a man 150 me she would stay a night with Mercy Lewis. And that weep for contention. (He turns, as do Hathorne next day, when she does not return, I send to Mr. and Danforth, hearing someone coming up the Lewis to inquire. Mercy told him she would sleep corridor. Danforth raises his head as Parris enters. He in my house for a night. is gaunt, frightened, and sweating in his greatcoat.) DanfORth. They are both gone?! PARRIS (to Danforth, instantly). Oh, good morning, PARRIS (in fear of him). They are, sir. sir, thank you for coming, I beg your pardon wakin’ DanfORTH (alarmed ). I will send a party for them. 120 you so early. Good morning, Judge Hathorne. Where may they be? DanfORth. Reverend Hale have no right to enter this— Parris. Excellency, I think they be aboard a ship. Parris. Excellency, a moment. (He hurries back and ( Danforth stands agape.) My daughter tells me how shuts the door.) 160 she heard them speaking of ships last week, and HaTHORNE. Do you leave him alone with the prisoners? tonight I discover my—my strongbox is broke into. DanfORth. What’s his business here? (He presses his fingers against his eyes to keep back tears.) PARRIS (prayerfully holding up his hands). Excellency, HaTHORNE (astonished ). She have robbed you? hear me. It is a providence. Reverend Hale has Parris. Thirty-one pound is gone. I am penniless. returned to bring Rebecca Nurse to God. (He covers his face and sobs.) DanfORTH (surprised ). He bids her confess? DanfORth. Mr. Parris, you are a brainless man! (He 130 PARRIS (sitting). Hear me. Rebecca have not given me walks in thought, deeply worried.) a word this three month since she came. Now she Parris. Excellency, it profit nothing you should sits with him, and her sister and Martha Corey and blame me. I cannot think they would run off two or three others, and he pleads with them, con- 170 except they fear to keep in Salem any more. (He is fess their crimes and save their lives. pleading.) Mark it, sir, Abigail had close knowledge DanfORth. Why—this is indeed a providence. And of the town, and since the news of Andover has they soften, they soften? broken here— Parris. Not yet, not yet. But I thought to summon DanfORth. Andover is remedied.3 The court returns you, sir, that we might think on whether it be not there on Friday, and will resume examinations. wise, to—(He dares not say it.) I had thought to put Parris. I am sure of it, sir. But the rumor here speaks 140 a question, sir, and I hope you will not— rebellion in Andover, and it— DanfORth. Mr. Parris, be plain, what troubles you? DanfORth. There is no rebellion in Andover! Parris. There is news, sir, that the court—the court Parris. I tell you what is said here, sir. Andover have must reckon with. My niece, sir, my niece—I believe 180 thrown out the court, they say, and will have no part she has vanished. of witchcraft. There be a faction here, feeding on DanfORth. Vanished! that news, and I tell you true, sir, I fear there will be riot here. Parris. I had thought to advise you of it earlier in the week, but— HaTHORNE. Riot! Why at every execution I have seen naught but high satisfaction in the town. DanfORth. Why? How long is she gone? 3. Remedied:nolongeraproblem. the crucible: act four 203 Parris.
Recommended publications
  • A Comprehensive Look at the Salem Witch Mania of 1692 Ashley Layhew
    The Devil’s in the Details: A Comprehensive Look at the Salem Witch Mania of 1692 __________ Ashley Layhew Nine-year-old Betty Parris began to convulse, seize, and scream gibber- ish in the winter of 1692. The doctor pronounced her bewitched when he could find no medical reason for her actions. Five other girls began ex- hibiting the same symptoms: auditory and visual hallucinations, fevers, nausea, diarrhea, epileptic fits, screaming, complaints of being bitten, poked, pinched, and slapped, as well as coma-like states and catatonic states. Beseeching their Creator to ease the suffering of the “afflicted,” the Puritans of Salem Village held a day of fasting and prayer. A relative of Betty’s father, Samuel Parris, suggested a folk cure, in which the urine of the afflicted girls was taken and made into a cake. The villagers fed the cake to a dog, as dogs were believed to be the evil helpers of witches. This did not work, however, and the girls were pressed to name the peo- ple who were hurting them.1 The girls accused Tituba, a Caribbean slave who worked in the home of Parris, of being the culprit. They also accused two other women: Sarah Good and Sarah Osbourne. The girls, all between the ages of nine and sixteen, began to accuse their neighbors of bewitching them, saying that three women came to them and used their “spectres” to hurt them. The girls would scream, cry, and mimic the behaviors of the accused when they had to face them in court. They named many more over the course of the next eight months; the “bewitched” youth accused a total of one hundred and forty four individuals of being witches, with thirty sev- en of those executed following a trial.
    [Show full text]
  • WITCHCRAFT in SALEM VILLAGE. Harmony So
    134 WITCHCRAFT IN SALEM VILLAGE. given was that certain changes be made in the records. Harmony could not be secured, how- ever, and Mr. Lawson withdrew in 1688. Fol- lowing him came Rev. Samuel Parris, who was ordained on Monday, Nov. 19, 1689. It is evi- dent, therefore, that from the calling of Mr. Bayley in 1672 to the ordination of Mr. Parris in 1689 there was wanting in the parish that harmony so essential to church prosperity. That the disagreements about the settlements of the different pastors and over the parish rec- ords affected the minds of the people after the witchcraft delusion appeared among them there is little doubt. That it was the cause of the first charges being made seems hardly probable. George Burroughs, on leaving Salem Village, returned to Casco, Maine, He remained there a long time, for he and others were there in 1690 when the settlement was raided by Indians. Burroughs then went to Wells, Maine, and preached a year or more. There he was living in peace and quietness when the messenger from Portsmouth came to arrest him, at the demand of the Salem magistrates, in 1692. After leav- ing Salem Village he had married a third wife, a woman who had been previously married and of her own for after had children ; Burroughs' death, when the Massachusetts colony granted compensation to his family, his children com- plained that this third Mrs. Burroughs took the KEV. GEOBGE BUBBOUGHS. 135 entire amount for herself and her children/ Mr. Burroughs was a small, black-haired, dark com- plexioned man, of quick passions and possessing great strength.® We shall see by the testimony to be quoted further on that most of the evi- dence against him consisted of marvellous tales of his great feats of strength.
    [Show full text]
  • Cotton Mathers's Wonders of the Invisible World: an Authoritative Edition
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University English Dissertations Department of English 1-12-2005 Cotton Mathers's Wonders of the Invisible World: An Authoritative Edition Paul Melvin Wise Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/english_diss Recommended Citation Wise, Paul Melvin, "Cotton Mathers's Wonders of the Invisible World: An Authoritative Edition." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2005. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/english_diss/5 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of English at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COTTON MATHER’S WONDERS OF THE INVISIBLE WORLD: AN AUTHORITATIVE EDITION by PAUL M. WISE Under the direction of Reiner Smolinski ABSTRACT In Wonders of the Invisible World, Cotton Mather applies both his views on witchcraft and his millennial calculations to events at Salem in 1692. Although this infamous treatise served as the official chronicle and apologia of the 1692 witch trials, and excerpts from Wonders of the Invisible World are widely anthologized, no annotated critical edition of the entire work has appeared since the nineteenth century. This present edition seeks to remedy this lacuna in modern scholarship, presenting Mather’s seventeenth-century text next to an integrated theory of the natural causes of the Salem witch panic. The likely causes of Salem’s bewitchment, viewed alongside Mather’s implausible explanations, expose his disingenuousness in writing about Salem. Chapter one of my introduction posits the probability that a group of conspirators, led by the Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • The Salem Witch Trials from a Legal Perspective: the Importance of Spectral Evidence Reconsidered
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1984 The Salem Witch Trials from a Legal Perspective: The Importance of Spectral Evidence Reconsidered Susan Kay Ocksreider College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Law Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Ocksreider, Susan Kay, "The Salem Witch Trials from a Legal Perspective: The Importance of Spectral Evidence Reconsidered" (1984). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625278. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-7p31-h828 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS FROM A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE; THE IMPORTANCE OF SPECTRAL EVIDENCE RECONSIDERED A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of Williams and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Susan K. Ocksreider 1984 ProQuest Number: 10626505 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10626505 Published by ProQuest LLC (2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Sarah Wildes: an Accused Witch and a Victim of Witch-Hunting in Salem
    SARAH WILDES: AN ACCUSED WITCH AND A VICTIM OF WITCH-HUNTING IN SALEM A PAPER BY KYUNG M. KIM SUBMITTED TO DR. MINKEMA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE CH 8000: WITCHCRAFT AND WITCH-HUNTING AT TRINITY EVANGELICAL DIVINITY SCHOOL DEERFIELD, ILLINOIS, MAY 2014 Puritans founded New England communities with a vision of building a holy kingdom. During the early period, religious life was closely tied with the socio-political life of the community. When this tie was threatened by new merchants and when ideas emerged into the community, the witch-hunting started. Other factors such as Indian attacks, famines and diseases contributed to the witch-hunting. These factors placed fear upon the community. Also, ministers were worried of spiritual and moral decline in the community. The hysteria at Salem was a complex event; thus, an investigation of an individual or incident is fitting for this subject. People of Salem would probably have traced their heritage back to Puritanism, and their ideology shaped their society and culture. This ideology was also evident in the Salem witch- huntings. One evidence is seen through the ratio of accused male witches to accused female witches. According to Brian Levack, "The image of the witch as morally weak and sexually inclined may very well have encouraged members of the educated and ruling classes to suspect and prosecute women as witch, especially when they were engaged in religiously inspired campaigns to reform popular morality."1 Levack’s statement also properly describes the New England community and their ideology. The promoters of Salem witch-hunting were religiously inspired groups who had a vision of establishing God’s kingdom; their Puritan perspective considered women as weaker vessels.2 For this reason, in Essex County between 1560 and 1675, 290 out of 313 accused witches were female.3 1 Brian P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crucible Character List John Proctor Elizabeth Proctor Abigail
    The Crucible Character List John Proctor A farmer in Salem, Proctor serves as the voice of reason and justice in The Crucible. It is he who exposes the girls as frauds who are only pretending that there is witchcraft, and thus becomes the tragic hero of the tale. Proctor is a sharply intelligent man who can easily detect foolishness in others and expose it, but he questions his own moral sense. Because of his affair with Abigail Williams, Proctor questions whether or not he is a moral man, yet this past event is the only major flaw attributed to Proctor, who is in all other respects honorable and ethical. It is a sign of his morality that he does not feel himself adequate to place himself as a martyr for the cause of justice when he is given the choice to save himself at the end of the play. Elizabeth Proctor The wife of John Proctor, Elizabeth shares with John a similarly strict adherence to justice and moral principles She is a woman who has great confidence in her own morality and in the ability of a person to maintain a sense of righteousness, both internal and external, even when this principle conflicts with strict Christian doctrine. Although she is regarded as a woman of unimpeachable honesty, it is this reputation that causes her husband to be condemned when she lies about his affair with Abigail, thinking it will save him. However, Elizabeth can be a cold and demanding woman, whose chilly demeanor may have driven her husband to adultery and whose continual suspicions of her husband render their marriage tense.
    [Show full text]
  • Afflicted: Daughters of Salem
    Morehead State University’s The Little Company Presents Study Guide 1 Authors Research Erin Sinead — Dramaturgy Format Design Zachary Fryman – Graphic Designer Curriculum Research Erin Sinead – Curriculum and Lesson Plan The Little Company Staff Octavia Biggs —The Little Company Director Corinne Campagna —The Little Company Tour Coordinator The Little Company Morehead State University 106 Baird Music Hall Morehead, KY 40351 606-783-2545 www.moreheadstate.edu/thelittlecompany www.facebook.com/The-Little-Company 2 Table Of Contents Title of Page Page Number Synopsis/ About the Author Page 4 Director Notes Page 5 Designer Notes Page 6 Puritan Religion Page 13 Witchcraft Page 14 Salem Witch Trials Page 15 Possible Causes Page 16 The Afflicted Women Page 17 Lesson Plans/ Core Standards Page 24 KCAS Standards Page 52 Vocabulary Page 59 3 Afflicted: Daughters of Salem Explores the possible reasons as to why five young girls, in Colonial Massachusetts, led a “crucible” of events known as the infamous Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Interestingly, historical accounts have been unable to fully explain what may have driven these adolescents to make such allegations that forever establish the legacy of Salem. This play examines the dangers of what can happen when young people are denied the sense of play and imagination, no matter what century. Through this denial, alliances are created and betrayed, promises are made and broken as the girls unite in a secret society. Laurie Brooks’ “Afflicted: Daughters of Salem” delves into a world of secrets, gossip, fear, lies and accusations and the dangers of spreading rumors. About the Author Laurie Brooks is an award-winning playwright and YA fiction author.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crucible
    ROBERT WARD The Crucible (Libretto by Bernard Stambler, based on the play by Arthur Miller) PURCHASE OPERA PURCHASE SYMPHONY Jacque Trussel Hugh Murphy Artistic Director Conductor The Crucible Music......................................... Robert Ward PROGRAM NOTE.............John Ostendorf Libretto................................Bernard Stambler It is amusing to learn that playwright Arthur (based on the 1952 Arthur Miller play) Miller (1915-2005) first considered making The Conductor.................................Hugh Murphy Crucible an opera libretto, but was talked out Artistic Director..........................Jacque Trussel of it by composer-friend Mark Blitzstein. In- CAST: John Proctor...........................Bryan Murray stead, Miller created perhaps his most power- Elizabeth Proctor.................Rachel Weishoff ful stage play in 1953. It was inspired by the Abigail Williams....................Sylvia D’Eramo McCarthy witch-hunt of the 50s, during which Judge Danforth............... Joshua Benevento Miller himself was summoned in front of the Reverend Hale.....................Colin Whiteman House Un-American Activities Committee and Reverend Parris......................Ryan Capozzo cited for contempt of Congress when he re- Rebecca Nurse............................Iris Rogers fused to finger potential Communists in the Mary Warren ........................Soraya Karkari arts in this country. Tituba......................................Cara Collins Robert Ward (1917-2013), Cleveland born Giles Corey.............................John
    [Show full text]
  • Register of the Society of Colonial Wars in the District of Columbia, 1904
    RegisteroftheSocietyColonialWarsinDistrictColumbia,1904... Society GeneralofColonialWars(U.S.).DistrictColumbia,AlbertCharlesPeale * GENERAL L IBRARY of the UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN -PRESENTED B Y- &,. S QTS^JLA/U- ^ >^ CXJ3. 1 'JY\ ^£>_ \^q5 IL. % 3 D 6 3 With t he uaMi"LiMENT9 of the Societyf o Coloxial, Wars . IXHE T UISTRILT OP- OOLUMllIA Kendall B uilding WALTER C. CT.EPIIAN10 Washington, 1 J. C. .Secretary. (2*--cii~ J -I e o > REGISTER SOCIETYF O COLONIAL WARS INHE T DISTRICTF O COLUMBIA 1904 FORTITERRO P PATRIA WASHINGTON C ITY 1904 Prepared f or the Society by Dr. A. C. Peale, the Registrar, and edited by Dr. Marcus Benjamin, the Deputy-Governor under the direction of the following Committee on Publication: Thomas H yde, Chairman; A. C. Peale, A. Howard Clark, Marcus Benjamin, Frank B. Smith. (§&tttB, ( Stnlltmsn of tlu? (Boratril. ana fciattotng QIommittrfB. Governor, Thomas H yde. Deputy-Governor, Marcus B enjamin, Ph. D. Lieutenant-Governor, W illiam Van Zandt Cox. Secretary, F rank Birge. Smith, (1632 Riggs Place.) Treasurer. John W illiam Henry, (1315 F S treet.) Registrar. A lbert Charles Peale, M. D. Historian, G ilbert Thompson. Chaplain, R ev. Caleb Rochford Stetson. Chancellor, L eonard Huntress Dyer. Surgeon. H enry Lowry Emilius Johnson, M. D. Gentlemen o f the Council. (Term expires December, 1904.) George C olton Maynard, Frederic Wolters Huidekoper, Thomas B lagden. (Term e xpires December, 1905.) George W ashington Neale Curtis, M. D., John D ewhurst Patten, Job Barciard. (Term e xpires December, 1906.) Alonzo H oward Clark, Zebina Moses. Samuel W alter Woodward. Committee o n Membership. Albert C harles Peale, M.
    [Show full text]
  • AGENTS of the DEVIL?: WOMEN, WITCHCRAFT, and MEDICINE in EARLY AMERICA a Thesis by JEWEL CARRIE PARKER Submitted to the Graduate
    AGENTS OF THE DEVIL?: WOMEN, WITCHCRAFT, AND MEDICINE IN EARLY AMERICA A Thesis by JEWEL CARRIE PARKER Submitted to the Graduate School at Appalachian State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2018 Department of History AGENTS OF THE DEVIL?: WOMEN, WITCHCRAFT, AND MEDICINE IN EARLY AMERICA A Thesis by JEWEL CARRIE PARKER May 2018 APPROVED BY: Lucinda M. McCray Chairperson, Thesis Committee Sheila R. Phipps Member, Thesis Committee Antonio T. Bly Member, Thesis Committee James Goff Chairperson, Department of History Max C. Poole, Ph.D. Dean, Cratis D. Williams School of Graduate Studies Copyright by Jewel Carrie Parker 2018 All Rights Reserved Abstract AGENTS OF THE DEVIL?: WOMEN, WITCHCRAFT, AND MEDICINE IN EARLY AMERICA Jewel Carrie Parker: B.A., Appalachian State University M.A., Appalachian State University Chairperson: Lucinda M. McCray This thesis argues that early American women healers were especially vulnerable to witchcraft accusations because their positions of power threatened patriarchal society and their colonial communities. Colonial society already viewed early American women as more susceptible to witchcraft than men because they believed women were more vulnerable to temptations by the devil. In particular, women healers faced accusations of witchcraft because they had it within their power to cure or to hurt. Women healers were involved in early American witchcraft trials as character witnesses and inspectors for witches’ marks. However, their abilities to recognize witchcraft-induced illness, injuries, and deaths contributed to the fears of their neighbors who did not possess such skills. Because of their power and influence, women healers represent a prime example of revolutionary women who acted as agents of change within their own lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Terror Reigned As Accusations Flew During the Salem Witch Trials of 1692
    BOSSFall'11B:Layout 1 10/24/11 1:51 PM Page 26 MILESTONES IN HISTORY witch hunt TERROR REIGNED AS ACCUSATIONS FLEW DURING _ THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS OF 1692 BY EUGENE FINERMAN BOSSFall'11B:Layout 1 10/24/11 1:51 PM Page 27 MERICANS USUALLY arts, used magic to afflict the godly. speak of the Pilgrim fathers These were not merely the supersti - as independent-minded, tious babblings of the ignorant, but the Ahardworking and pious people who firm convictions of the educated as well. helped settle the land. We like to believe The Rev. Cotton Mather, a Harvard that we are imbued with their virtues. graduate and one of New England's But the Pilgrims left another legacy as most promising young leaders, had made well, and it’s a shameful one—for the a study of demonic possession of the Puritan heritage also includes the Salem mentally ill. His “Memorable Providences, Witch Trials. Relating to Witchcrafts and Possessions” In 1692, the province of Massachusetts was regarded as a medical textbook. Bay, as the state was then known, had a Indeed, the book would soon be used population of 56,000 English colonists. as evidence in Salem, Mass. In early 1692, Strict, puritanical Protestants, they had 11-year-old Elizabeth Parris, the daughter come to the New World to build a society of the town’s minister, and her 11-year-old that reflected their values. The Puritans cousin Abigail Williams began running believed in hard work, and regarded a about in a violent frenzy and speaking good crop or a profitable year as a mark of God’s approval.
    [Show full text]
  • The Visible and Invisible !’Vorlds of Salem
    CHAP ] LR 2 The Visible and Invisible !’Vorlds of Salem Historians, we have seen, are in the business of reconsm~ction. Seventeenrl> century Virginia, with its worhl of slaves, indentured smwants, and tobacco barons, had to be built anm~5 not just lifted intact fiom the record. It fi~llows, fl~en, tbat if historians are builders, they must decide at fl~e outset fl~e scale of their pro}errs. How much ground should be covered? A year? FlAy years? Sev- eral centuries? ttow will the subiect matter be defined or limited? ’]"he story of slavery~ arrival in Virginia might be ranked as a moderateb, large topic. It spans some siW years and involves O~ousands of hnmigrants and an entire colony. Furthermore, the topic is large as much because of its content as its reach over time and space. The genesis of slaveW snrely ranlo as a cen~-al strand of the American experieuce. ~?~ understaud it adequately requires more breadth of vision d~an, for instance, u~dersmnding O~e history of ~nerican hats during the same period. The lure of topics both broad and signi~cant is tmdeniable, and there have always been historians willing m put! on their seven-league boots, following in fl~e houorable tradi6on of Edward Gibbon’s Decl~e ~,~d Fall qf the Roma~ E~npire. The gre~t equalizer of such grand plans is ~e twen~-fom--hour day. His- torians have only a limited amouat of time, and the hom~, they sadly dis- cover, are not expandable. Obviously, the more years covered, the less time available to research the events in each.
    [Show full text]