Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Balmer, Randall. “What Happened to Social Reform Evangelicals?” Sojourners, 12 Feb. 2020, sojo.net/articles/how-did-we-get-here/what-happened-social-reform-evangelicals.
This source provided me with a picture of the camp meeting in the Second Great
Awakening. Unfortunately, I couldn't find the source of the original drawing but the
website provided with the information about the original source that allowed me to cite my
source to the best of my ability.
Barnard, Henry. Tribute to Gallaudet, a Discourse in Commemoration of the Life, Character and Services of the Rev. Thomas H. Gallaudet, LL. D., Delivered before the Citizens of
Hartford, Jan. 7th, 1852, with an Appendix Containing History of Deaf-Mute Instruction
and Institutions ... by Henry Barnard. Brockett and Hutchinson, 1852.
This source provided me with information about Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet’s life from a
different perspective. It gave me a detailed insight into his life as well as giving me the
foundation to research other aspects of his life.
Bridport, Hugh, Approximately 1868, Lithographer, Alexander Rider, and Publisher Kennedy &
Lucas'S Lithography. Camp-meeting / A. Rider pinxit ; drawn on stone by H. Bridport.
Kennedy & Lucas Lithography. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress,
which were one of the defining factors of the age. It gave me information about the
traditions and culture at the time which I could share on my website.
Dubourg, M., Engraver, and Jacques Gérard Milbert. Camp meeting of the Methodists in N.
America / J. Milbert del. ; M. Dubourg sculp. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of
Congress,
Awakening. Unfortunately, I couldn't find the source of the original drawing but the
website provided with the information about the original source that allowed me to cite my
source to the best of my ability.
Earl , Ralph. “Portrait of Dr. Mason Fitch Cogswell (1761–1830).” The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 1791, The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Hartford, Connecticut, United States, emuseum.mfah.org/objects/34355/portrait-of-dr-mason-fitch-cogswell-17611830?ctx=5244
11efc003988da2e3707f76e06288930a5d3e&idx=2.
This source provided me with the image of Mason Fitch Cogswells who was an integral
part of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet’s life. It gave me an idea of what he looked like as well
as allow me to share the information on my website.
Eggleston, Edward, and William Peirce Randel. THE CIRCUIT RIDER. A TALE OF THE HEROIC AGE. BY EDWARD EGGLESTON. ED. BY W. RANDEL. WITH NEW
MATERIAL, INTROD. AND NOTES. COLLEGE AND UNIV. PR., 1966, Google Books , books.google.com/books?id=f_A0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA185#v=onepage&q&f=false. This source provided me the image of the circuit preacher which was one of the defining
characteristics of the Second Great Awakening. It provided me with the illustration so I
know what they look like and can share with my audience.
Gallaudet, Edward Miner. Life of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet: Founder of Deaf-Mute Instruction in America. Forgotten Books, 2015.
This source provided me with details about his life and accomplishments from the
perspective of his own son, Edward Miner Gallaudet. It also provided me with quotes that I
could use in my website that displays defining characteristics of Thomas Hopkins
Gallaudet in the eyes of his son as well as many of his friends and family.
Highsmith, Carol M, photographer. The Chapel Hall building at Gallaudet University, located
between 6th and 9th St., NE, Washington, D.C. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of
Congress,
what the school looks like. It also allows me to show my audience what the school looks
like today.
Historic Congressional Cemetery Archivist. “Peter Wallace Gallaudet .” Find A Grave , 2014, www.findagrave.com/memorial/76719303/peter-wallace-gallaudet/photo.
This source provided me with a picture of Peter Wallace Gallaudet’s grave that is located at
the Congressional Cemetery. This allows me to show my audience that he was a respected
man. I’ve tried to find an actual illustration of him but I couldn’t find him. Hunter , T. “American Asylum for Deaf and Dumb, Hartford, Conn. / Copyright & Lith. 1881,
by H.P. Arms Jr., Phila., Pa.” Library of Congress , www.loc.gov/item/2004670330/.
This print shows the first deaf school in America as well as the leaders who helped
establish this facility. It also depicts some of the rooms and landmarks around the school.
It helped me depict the illustration of the school to the audience and helped me see what
the school was like back then.
Jack. “Naples and Hartford in Season .” Naples and Hartford in Season , 2013, hartforddailyphoto.blogspot.com/2013/09/american-school-for-deaf.html.
This print shows the first deaf school in America as well as the leaders who helped
establish this facility. It also depicts some of the rooms and landmarks around the school.
Loida, Canlas R. “Laurent Clerc: Apostle to the Deaf People of the New World.” Laurent Clerc National Deaf Center , www3.gallaudet.edu/clerc-center/info-to-go/deaf-culture/laurent-clerc.html.
This source provided me with images of Laurent Clerc and Abbe Sicard who were also
influential in the development of the school. It also gave me information about the people
themselves and how they were involved in the process itself.
Newsam, Albert, Lithographer. Gallaudet Monument / On stone by A. Newsam. [Phila.: P.S.
Duval & Co's Steam lith press] Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress,
me the idea of how influential he was during his age for people to build a monument of
him.
William , Leney Sedgewell. “Timothy Dwight .” Yale Art Gallery , artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/17409.
This source provided me with the painting of Timothy Dwight who was an influential
individual during the Second Great Awakening. This helped me imagine how influential
his ideas must’ve been for him to have a building at Yale University named after him. It
also gives me an idea of how Yale influenced many of the religious ideas during the time,
seeing that Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet also graduated from Yale University.
Secondary Sources
Chambliss, J.J., et al. “Education.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 26 June 2019, www.britannica.com/topic/education.
This source provided me with the background information about the history of education,
more specifically, the change in education in the Second Great Awakening. This helped me
give the idea of how ideas, cultures and norms were shaped at the time. It helped me
understand as to why Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet might’ve chosen his path and his
passions.
Donovan, Alex. “Gallaudet's Vision Advances Deaf Education.” Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project, 30 Oct. 2019, connecticuthistory.org/gallaudets-vision-advances-deaf-education/.
This source provided me information about the impact of Gallaudet’s accomplishment in
our society today. It helped me realize how important his accomplishment was in our
society and how they helped children in our society.
Fernandes, James J. “Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet on Language and Communication: A
Reassessment.” American Annals of the Deaf, Gallaudet University Press, 22 Apr. 2013, muse.jhu.edu/article/386236/pdf.
This source provided me with information that may have cleared up some
misunderstandings about the development of the American School for the Deaf. There were
many different sources saying different ideas about how the school was found and the
ordeals Gallaudet had to go through. It cleared up many misunderstandings I had during my
research.
“History & Cogswell Heritage House.” History & Cogswell Heritage House American School for the Deaf, www.asd-1817.org/about/history--cogswell-heritage-house.
This source provided me with information about the development of the school as well as
the impact it had on our society today. It also gives me an idea of how well respected
Gallaudet was during his time.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 6 Dec. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Hopkins-Gallaudet. This article provides the background information of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. It helped
me find the foundation of what I needed to research for this project and what I should be
specifically looking for.
“The Legacy Begins.” – Gallaudet University, www.gallaudet.edu/about/history-and-traditions/the-legacy-begins.
This source provided me with information about how important Gallaudet was in his time
and in the history of education itself.
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet American Sign Language (ASL), www.lifeprint.com/asl101/pages-layout/gallaudet-thomas-hopkins.htm.
This source provided me with a quote that accurately described his impact on the
development of deaf education.
“Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet.” Encyclopedia of World Biography, Encyclopedia.com, 10 Dec. 2019,
www.encyclopedia.com/people/social-sciences-and-law/education-biographies/thomas-ho
pkins-gallaudet. This article held details about the life of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. It also provided
additional resources that I could look into for further into. This article has helped me look
for the legacy that he left from his life, both in a metaphorical and physical sense.
*, Name. “Gallaudet, Rev. Thomas.” Social Welfare History Project, 13 Mar. 2018, socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/gallaudet-rev-thomas/.
This source provided me with a picture of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet which helps me show the audience who he was and what he looked like.