Tanks in World War I
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A History of RG Letourneau's Earliest Scrapers
A History of R.G. LeTourneau’s Earliest Scrapers: Culminating in the 1922 Mountain Mover 1 John H. Niemelä, Ph.D. Research Assistant: Dale Hardy Commemorating the November 29, 2004, Designation by the A.S.M.E. of R.G. LeTourneau’s Mountain Mover at LeTourneau University, Longview, TX as a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark November 29, 2004 Version 1.1B (October 31, 2007) © All Rights Reserved 1 This is the most recent revision of a paper submitted to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers: “Nomination of R.G. LeTourneau’s Mountain Mover for ASME Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark.” Four minor revisions have preceded this one: 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, and 1.04. The first major revision was 1.1A. This is a minor revision. The next minor one would be 1.1C. The next major revision would be 1.2A. * signifies that reference materials cited within a footnote contain pertinent pictures. A PERSONAL INTRODUCTION The present author’s interest in R.G. LeTourneau is long-standing. My father, George Niemelä, Sr., was a mechanic, welder, heavy-equipment operator, and businessman in northern California. When the author was a boy, Dad worked for R.G.’s brothers-in-law (Howard and Buster Peterson) at Peterson Tractor, a Caterpillar dealership based in San Leandro, CA. He was a machinist/welder in the first crew of Peterson’s Roller Exchange Shop. 2 In 1961 Dad opened an equipment rental yard in Stockton, CA (Bee Wise Tool and Equipment Rental). His business was two blocks from a Montgomery-Ward warehouse that once was R.G.’s second Stockton factory (built in 1930, expanded in 1934). -
Medium Mark a Whippet
MEDIUM MARK A WHIPPET DAVID FLETCHER ILLUSTRATED BY HENRY MORSHEAD © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com NEW VANGUARD 207 MEDIUM MARK A WHIPPET DAVID FLETCHER ILLUSTRATED BY HENRY MORESHEAD © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CONTENTS THE WHIPPET’S FORERUNNER: THE TRITTON CHASER 4 PRODUCTION OF THE WHIPPET 10 DRIVING THE WHIPPET 12 THE WHIPPET IN ACTION 16 WHIPPETS ABROAD 29 MEDIUM B 30 MEDIUM C: THE HORNET 36 MEDIUM D 40 THE STUDEBAKER TANK 46 INDEX 48 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com MEDIUM MARK A WHIPPET THE WHIPPET’S FORERUNNER: THE TRITTON CHASER According to the engineer William Tritton, credited as one of the inventors of the tank, he was asked to produce a lighter tank when he visited the Somme on 20 September 1916. This was only five days since tanks had been launched onto the battlefield for the very first time. Tritton does not say who requested this, but the implication must be that it was Sir Douglas Haig, Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), either directly or through his staff. No matter who was responsible, it was either remarkably prescient or a very lucky guess. It is valid to ask whether the idea of a faster, lighter machine was considered as an alternative to the slower, heavier tanks, or as an adjunct to them, which we have always assumed, but the fact that Tritton’s design did not have the trench crossing ability of the heavy tanks, and that improved versions of the heavy tank were developed, must support the adjunct theory in retrospect. It is interesting to consider what fellow engineer Walter Wilson, another crucial contributor to the early tank, knew of all this. -
Tanks and Tank Warfare | International Encyclopedia of The
Version 1.0 | Last updated 17 May 2016 Tanks and Tank Warfare By Michael David Kennedy World War I introduced new technologies and doctrine in a quest to overcome the tactical stalemate of the trenches. The first tanks had great potential that would be capitalized upon during the next world war, but early models suffered from design flaws and lack of doctrine for their use on the battlefield. Table of Contents 1 Definition and Background 2 Characteristics 3 Development in Great Britain 4 Battle of the Somme (1 July-18 November 1916) 5 Battle of Cambrai (20-30 November 1917) 6 French Tanks 7 German Tanks 8 Tanks in the American Expeditionary Forces 9 Impact of Tanks on World War I Selected Bibliography Citation Definition and Background Tanks are armored vehicles designed to combine the military factors of fire, maneuver and protection. Although the concept of armored vehicles preceded the Great War, the tank was specifically developed to overcome the stalemate of trench warfare on the Western Front that followed the First Battle of Ypres (19 October-22 November 1914). The marrying of recent technological advances, such as the internal combustion engine with armor plating, enabled the tank’s development during World War I. Characteristics The first tanks introduced in 1916 were generally slow and hard to maneuver, and they performed poorly in rugged terrain. The early models were heavily influenced by commercial tractors. While impervious to barbed wire, small arms, and shrapnel, their primitive armor was still susceptible to heavy machine gun fire and direct hits from high explosive artillery rounds. -
The Role of Chinese Labour Corps in Repairing and Maintaining British
Published in Surveying and Built Environment, Vol. 21, Issue 12 (Dec. 2011), 12-20. (ISSN 1816-9554) Chinese Eyes on British Tanks: Historical Verification of a War Heritage Lee Ho Yin ______________________________________________ ABSTRACT This paper is about a British military tradition with a Chinese connection. It has taken the author several years of research to dispel the myth that has long shrouded the true origins of a regimental tradition of the 1st Royal Tank Regiment of the British Army. This tradition is a pair of eyes, known as the "Chinese Eyes," painted on the bows or turrets of British tanks from World War I to the present day. As such, the "Chinese Eyes" can be regarded as an intangible heritage expressed on the tangible hardware of the British Army. Using the research methodology for architectural conservation, the author attempts to rediscover obscured historical evidence, using it to chronologically reconstruct the events leading to the creation of this tradition. KEYWORDS Military heritage, historical research, interpretation, authenticity. Director, Architectural Conservation Programme (ACP), Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong. E-mail: [email protected] 1 INTRODUCTION: METHODOLOGY AND ORIGINS OF RESEARCH It is a little known fact that British tanks, produced in the thousands during World War I, were cared for by the skillful hands of the Chinese Labour Corps.1 Who would have thought that there is such a seemingly improbable connection between Chinese men and British war machines? More incredibly, who would have thought that a Chinese individual – an individual with an indirect link with Hong Kong – was responsible for creating a famous military tradition of British tanks – a pair of eyes, known as the "Chinese Eyes" that have been painted on British tanks since World War I. -
The Historical Combat Effectiveness of Lighter-Weight Armored Forces
The Dupuy Institute 1497 Chain Bridge Road Suite 100 McLean, VA 22101 Phone: (703) 356-1151 Fax: (703) 356-1152 Website: http://dupuyinstitute.org/ THE HISTORICAL COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS OF LIGHTER-WEIGHT ARMORED FORCES FINAL REPORT Contract Number DASW01-98-D-0058, Task Order 005 6 August 2001 Prepared for: U.S. Department of the Army Center for Army Analysis 6001 Goethals Road Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060-5230 I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Definitions .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Study Plan..................................................................................................................................................... 2 Technology ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Wheeled Tanks ............................................................................................................................................. 3 The Interim Brigade/Division ....................................................................................................................... 4 II. USE OF ARMOR IN CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS........................................................................................ 5 Presence of Armor in SSCOs....................................................................................................................... -
French Tanks of World War I Free
FREE FRENCH TANKS OF WORLD WAR I PDF Steven Zaloga,Tony Bryan | 48 pages | 21 Dec 2010 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781846035135 | English | Oxford, England, United Kingdom French Army in World War I - Wikipedia Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Zaloga. Tony Bryan Illustrator. This title examines the emergence of the first modern tank, the Renault FT. It is a little known fact that France fielded more tanks in World War I than any other army. However, France's early tanks suffered from poor mobility and armor compared to their contemporaries. Indeed, their initial use on the Chemin des Dames in was a bloody fiasco. In spite of initial set-b This title examines the emergence of the first modern tank, the Renault FT. In spite of initial set-backs, the French army redeemed its reputation with the Renault FT. The Renault FT pioneered the modern tank design, with armament in a revolutionary central turret and the engine in the rear. More importantly, the Renault was designed to be cheap and easy to manufacture. Discover the history of the early French armor developments and their triumphant new design, the Renault FT, that helped to turn the tide of war in the favor of the Allies. Get A Copy. Paperback48 pages. More Details Osprey New Vanguard Other Editions 6. -
Part 1. Timeline in the Development of Agricultural Tractors and Power Units Note: the Italic Letters at the End of Each Entry Refer to the References
Part 1. Timeline in the Development of Agricultural Tractors and Power Units Note: the italic letters at the end of each entry refer to the references. 1705 Atmospheric steam engine invented by Englishmen Thomas Newcomen, 1663- 1729, with John Calley (or Cawley), ??-1725, and partnered with Thomas Savery, c. 1650- 1725, for its application. EB EWB GI MWBD 1769 Steam, three-wheeled, road wagon built and demonstrated in France by Nicolas J. Cugnot, 1725-1804, first used for moving artillery pieces. DDI EB GI AT WOI 1769 Steam engine using a separate condenser patented by Scot James Watt, 1736- 1819, who is often credited as the inventor of the steam engine. This engine was manufac- tured from 1774-1806. ATEN EB EWB HT MWBD 1781 Steam engine that provided means of changing the motion of the piston to rotation for driving machinery patented by James Watt, 1736-1819. EB 1791 Gas engine using coal gas awarded British patent to John Barber of England. HFP 1792-1794 Steam carriage built by William Murdock, 1754-1839, an associate of James Watt, 1736-1819. EB 1794 Internal combustion gas engine using piston and cylinder patented in Great Britain by American Robert Street, 18th century, the gas being hydrogen-air mixtures or “illuminat- ing gas,” a vaporized gas from oil or coal. EB HFP MWBD 1799 Coal gas engine that compressed a mixture of gas and air before ignition patented and constructed by Frenchman Philippe Lebon, 1767-1804. HFP HI MWBD 1801, 1802 Practical steam (vertical boiler) vehicle (carriage) made by Englishman Rich- ard Trevithick, 1771-1833. -
General Sir Rupert Smith, a British Army Paratrooper Who Commanded
LESSONS TO BE Maj Gen Jagatbir Singh, VSM (Retd) LEARNT FROM is an alumini of Doon School and St Stephens College. He retired in Feb 2018 UK’s DECISION and has been writing articles on Defence DILEMMA ON related issues for the Tribune and various journals. TANKS General Sir Rupert Smith, a British Army paratrooper who commanded the 1st Armoured Division in his book ‘Utility of Force’ wrote that; “Armies do not prepare for the last war, they frequently prepare for the wrong one- if for no other reason the governments will usually fund only the anticipated primary threat as opposed to the risk and the opponent will usually play to his opponents weakness (the risk) rather than the strength (the primary threat).” The debate in the UK, resulting in the decision to do away with their heavy tanks may well be traced to the comments of Gen Rupert Smith. Having delayed modernization of its main battle tank fleet, and now faced with the prospect of an expensive replacement, or costly upgrades, the UK is in a decision dilemma regarding the options available. In essence a tank is essentially a mobile weapon platform, with protection for its crew to enable it to move in an unhindered manner on the battlefield. The essential elements of a tank remain firepower or lethality; mobility or 2 maneuverability; and protection or survivability; along with their various sub systems which include communications and sensors. The design of the tank is essentially a careful blend of these factors. It is this balance of its three essential components that makes the critical difference in its effectiveness. -
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"--illlt,HiT,:lli',Mui'urd IIISTO/?L., P.0.Boxl555 *s.t{,- r -=af jl yubacity,cAebeei 41 =t{d CpU> Y% .r?" '-&, L-r-.?.T T .=-mT-.-F ,$"& I{EwS^\rI vY LJ BT]LLTTII{-|._,|-.'.'.' II^' %i e, d Vor-. 3 No. 7 Yuar Ctrv, CTLTFoRNTA 0cr, r 963 lvqarq'*';i lr; -*" Horee and Buggy DaYs Sacramento ValleY Harvest Scone EarlY 1900s. SUTTER COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY FALL MEETING, OCTOBER 15th, 1963, 8 P.M. RECREATION ROOM OF MID—VALLEY SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOC. Plumas Street, Yuba City (Next door to the Post Office) (Drive in to the rear of the parking area) Program: Mr. Waddell F. Smith, Director of the Pony Express and Art Gallery San Rafael, California Mr. Smith will return to us and speak on the subject: “Stagecoaches in and into California.” The recreation room of the bank is found upstairs above the bank. kitchen facilities are available for our use so we will change our routine a little and serve light refreshments. An important business meeting will follow the speaker so please show your interest in preserving the history of Sutter county by attending the meetings. It is only by concerted effort that we will succeed in establishing a museum and collecting our records for posterity. We are indeed indebted to the firm of Mid—Valley Savings and Loan Company for their invitation to use the lovely recreation room which they have provided for cultural groups of our area. We appreciate being one of the first groups to be invited to use their facilities. Your President attended the Symposium of Northern California and Southern Oregon this last weekend (September 27 and 28) in Crescent City. -
TGW Rules & Scenarios (Exp#1 Tank!)
Richard Borg Rules & Scenarios INTRODUCTION CONTENTS The Command and Colours WWI THE GREAT WAR game rules allow players to portray important engagements throughout WWI history. The battles, in the scenario section, focus on the historical deployment of forces and important terrain features in scale with the game Components............................................................................ 4-5 German Tank - Opening Action 2................................................ 23 system. The scale of the game is flexible and varies from battle to battle. For some scenarios, a few infantry units may represent an entire Object of the Game..................................................................... 6 Somme (High Wood) - 15 September 1916................................. 24 wing of a larger battle, while in other scenarios a unit may represent just a few brave soldiers going over the top. Setting up the Game.................................................................... 6 Somme (Flers-Coucelette) - 15 September 1916......................... 25 Game Turn................................................................................. 7 Messines Ridge - 7 June 1917.................................................. 26 The Command card system drives movement, creates a “fog of war” and presents players with many interesting opportunities; while the Tanks.................................................................................... 8-9 Passchendaele (Fray Bentos) - 24 August 1917.......................... 27 battle dice resolve -
Old Twin New Twin
“OLD TWINTWIN”,”, ““NEWNEW TWIN” THE LOMBARD AA----OOOO----LLLL Terence F. Harper February 2017 Interestingly, in spite of Lombard’s success in developing and producing the steam Lombard Log Hauler, which is recognized as the world’s first successful crawler tracked vehicle to be put into production, and the heated legal wrangling with Holt in regards to patent infringement as well as Lombard’s continuous attempts to broaden his market base, Lombard made only one foray into the "full track" market. Like his big halftracks, this machine was intended for hauling timber and pulpwood and was constructed in response to a request by the Great Northern Paper Co. of Millinocket, Maine - one of Lombard's long standing and valued customers. The creation of this unique tractor and its extensive remodeling by O.A. Harkness has lead to a bit of confusion for Lombard historians. Some have claimed that the Old Twin/New Twin was in fact two distinct machines whereas others have dismissed it as an anomaly and overlooked its design merits which, as you will see, are considerable. At the time Great Northern Paper Co. was operating an extensive fleet of Lombard Auto-Type tractors. These of course were the standard 10 ton halftracks. In what The “A-O-L” or the “Twin” as delivered by Lombard Circa 1922 seems to have been a Great Northern preference, most Terence F. Harper Collection of these were powered by Sterling Model F engines (6 cylinder, T-head engine with a 5-1/2” bore and 6-3/4” stroke, 145 hp at 1,200 rpm.) In 1920, in an effort to mechanize their woods operations even further, Great Northern experimented with Holt “Caterpillar” tractors built by the Holt Manufacturing Co. -
La Grande Guerre Dans Le Jeu Vidéo : Jouer Une Histoire Délaissée
Essais Revue interdisciplinaire d’Humanités 15 | 2019 Jouer l’histoire La Grande Guerre dans le jeu vidéo : jouer une histoire délaissée Cyril Lacheze et Marion Weckerle Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/essais/1763 DOI : 10.4000/essais.1763 ISSN : 2276-0970 Éditeur École doctorale Montaigne Humanités Édition imprimée Date de publication : 15 octobre 2019 Pagination : 131-195 ISBN : 979-10-97024-07-9 ISSN : 2417-4211 Référence électronique Cyril Lacheze et Marion Weckerle, « La Grande Guerre dans le jeu vidéo : jouer une histoire délaissée », Essais [En ligne], 15 | 2019, mis en ligne le 05 octobre 2020, consulté le 12 octobre 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/essais/1763 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/essais.1763 Essais La Grande Guerre dans le jeu vidéo : jouer une histoire délaissée Cyril Lacheze et Marion Weckerle Les quatre dernières années ont connu un certain regain d’intérêt de la part du public pour la thématique de la Première Guerre mondiale en général, en lien avec les célébrations du Centenaire et la médiatisation qui l’accompagne. Dans le monde du jeu vidéo français, cette communication a été accompa- gnée en 2014 par la sortie du jeu Soldats Inconnus : Mémoires de la Grande Guerre1, généralement mis en avant pour sa dimension éducative. À l’échelle internationale, c’est toutefois Battlefield 1 qui a retenu l’attention en 20162, par son appartenance à la célèbre série des Battlefield, son gameplay immersif et multijoueur, et la polémique créée par l’absence des armées française et russe dans le jeu originel. Son mode multijoueur au gameplay volontaire- ment déconnecté de la réalité de la Première Guerre mondiale lui a égale- ment valu de fréquentes comparaisons avec Verdun3, sorti l’année précédente et plus réaliste quoique moins pratiqué.