DOCSLIB.ORG

Malama `Āina: a Conversation About Maui's Farming Future

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Malama `Āina: a Conversation About Maui's Farming Future MALAMA `INA: A CONVERSATION ABOUT MAUI’S FARMING FUTURE A PROJECT OF THE MAUI TOMORROW FOUNDATION Looking towards Iao Valley Prepared for Maui Tomorrow Foundation, Inc. March 8, 2016 Report by Permaculture Design International LLC Copyright 2016 by Maui Tomorrow Foundation, Inc. rural lifestyle. Table of Contents FARM ENTERPRISE OPPORTUNITIES 28 INTRODUCTION 1 A Brief Overview of Maui’s “Central Valley” CONCLUSION 35 and Sugarcane 2 REGENERATIVE AGRICULTURE 3 APPENDICES 36 Climate Change and Regenerative Agriculture 5 Regenerative Agricultural Land Use Potential and Transition Strategy 6 Transition to Regenerative Agriculture 9 Mainframe Design 13 Methods to Reduce Overhead 13 Livestock and Holistic Management 14 16 Case Studies and Precedents 17 19 Biofuels 20 WATER AND SOIL 22 Water 22 Soil 24 Soil Building Strategies and Bioremediation 25 Cover illustration by Silvia Yordanova Copyright 2016 by Maui Tomorrow Foundation, Inc. INTRODUCTION - love and respect the land, make it yours and claim stewardship for it keep large tracts of contiguous farmland intact, and make farming more affordable. Maui’s - care for and nurture the land farming future is tied to this land. so it can give back all we need to sustain life for ourselves and our future generations people moving forward? For 150 years Maui -Puanani Rogers, Ho`okipa Network agriculture has been large-scale, mono-crop, chemical dependent, and export oriented. Beloved Maui is at a crossroads. The January Laguna Blanca, Argentina. Twelve years after transi- Can a new farming model bring both economic 2016 announcement by Alexander and Baldwin (A&B) that Hawaiian Commercial http://www.tompkinsconservation.org/farm_laguna_ & Sugar (HC&S) will be ending their 36,000 blanca.htm concerned about the loss of jobs for so many families, and want to see Maui’s agricultural wide open to a much-needed conversation legacy continue. regarding what the future of farming on Maui can truly be. It’s an opportunity to invite all This report is the start of a community the stakeholders into this discussion with the conversation - bringing our diverse people spirit of aloha, and draw on our collective mana`o to consider how we will plan ahead to solutions that are pono. With that in mind, there are many stories that need to be told, so it can sustain life for ourselves and future and conversations that need to take place. generations. This report offers a window into abundant, resilient a way Maui now imports upwards of 90% of its food forward that prioritizes food crops, livestock, and energy, most of our building materials, and all of our textiles - a precarious reality build a whole farming economy that is just and for a remote island. We need many more MA’O Organic Farms Hawai`i Investment Ready Pro- environmentally sound. living wage jobs, ample affordable housing, gram abundant and affordable local food, and clean http://social-impact.org/regional-programs/invest- ment-ready-hawaii The key points addressed will touch on these water to provide for our 145,000 citizens and important questions : 2.6 million tourists annually. • What kinds of crops will grow here well and The closure of the HC&S sugarcane enterprise Facing the future, we have choices - what will is an opening to the next generation of • Should we prioritize food crops over farming look like on Maui from this moment commodity crops, and why? Can we have forward? This question is intimately tied to the sugarcane plantation land owned by HC&S both? wai, our precious water resources, and any are in question, of which 27,000 acres are • How do we remediate contaminated soils answers must offer solutions that care for and designated Important Agricultural Land, and and aquifers? restore watersheds. Copyright 2016 by Maui Tomorrow Foundation, Inc. 1 INTRODUCTION • Will A&B sell the 27,000 acres now A Brief Overview of Maui’s “Central designated as Important Agricultural Valley” and Sugarcane Lands? If so, at what price? • What would be the implications of The central valley of Maui, once a native dryland alternative ownership scenarios, such as forest, is now a wind-swept arid landscape with intermittent streams that were once perennial. some combination thereof? Streams such as Pulehunui, Kalialinui, Kailua, Pohakukea, Waikapu and others were free This report is a snapshot of what is possible, logging on upper slopes. This area previously from similar climates there are compelling precedents and sound science the world over that support transitioning from conventional to Portuguese sugar workers - 6,000 in 1913 areas such as Waikapu. Most native Hawaiians https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_immigration_to_ will need further research and detail before the sophisticated ahupua`a-based farming and proceeding. aquaculture systems were developed. Master • Can we have diverse livestock operations and what would that look like? plenty of food to feed upwards of a million • How many more jobs can we create with people across the islands. • Does Maui have enough farmers for all Before the sugarcane era the central valley these businesses? was sparsely populated and was not intensively • How can we assure long-term access to farmed. The birth of the sugarcane industry land for farmers? changed the face of the central valley and • Can affordable housing be integrated into all of Maui forever. Water from the northeast the design? coast of Maui was diverted to irrigate the sugar • Does regenerative agriculture use less Japanese sugarcane workers 1885 crop, impoverishing stream ecosystems and water, and can some of that water be https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/84/42/80/ negatively impacting communities by restricting returned to East Maui watersheds? 844280dac7ef0154bde250816a634ba2.jpg their access to water, and hence their ability to • Can we and should we expand agritourism? grow traditional foods. The once-parched land • What type of infrastructure do we have for “food hubs” - processing, creating sugarcane industry has dominated the local value-added products, improving local distribution, and providing education for stakeholders is the foundation for the success years. Waves of immigrant workers came to farmers? of any project. We look forward to hearing • How can we bring all the stakeholders to your stories, addressing your questions and settled down to raise families. the table, including A&B, in a transparent concerns, and incorporating new ideas. and meaningful way? 2 Copyright 2016 by Maui Tomorrow Foundation, Inc. INTRODUCTION The sugarcane industry the world over has shifted to chemical farming and systematic HC&S has been unable to compete on mechanization of jobs. On Maui, as in other the world market in recent years, and after places, not only has the number of industry reporting $30 million in losses in 2015, they jobs decreased steadily, but the use of more recently announced they will be shuttering the and different agricultural chemicals has last remaining plantation, not only on Maui, contaminated the soil and the main Pai`a but in the State of Hawai`i. 675 planters and aquifer, which is now polluted to the point skilled mill workers will be laid off this year. where the water is considered unsuitable for drinking. Regenerative Agriculture Pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, synthetic fertilizers, and ripening agents such as Regenerative agriculture glyphosate have been applied to the soil for farm management practices and site design years, with very little independent research to build ecological and economic resiliency at available to evaluate any deleterious effects every opportunity. Regenerative agricultural on farm workers, neighbors, the groundwater, Herb Kane’s painting of Ka`anapali pre-contact the ocean, and endemic wildlife. There are no http://herbkanehawaii.com USDA National Organic Standards, and are legal obligations for HC&S to remediate the applicable at any scale. soils or the aquifers. Systematically increasing soil health is This style of agriculture, a monoculture the foundation of regenerative agriculture. crop with substantial chemical inputs, has Building healthy soil improves crop yields and resistance to pests, and makes crops more global warming - rather than sequestering carbon in healthy soil, repeated tillage and inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, the application of nitrogen-based synthetic improves the water holding capacity by adding fertilizers release large amounts of CO2 into organic matter to the soil, and dramatically increases carbon sequestration as a byproduct amounts of pesticides have been applied to of the above functions. Regenerative central Maui soils, and these chemicals or agricultural systems are based on perennial their derivatives have now shown up in the crops with sustained yields using resources soil. Mechanization and global transportation generated on-site, as compared to annual of commodity crops only adds more CO2 to agriculture which is often dependent on tillage the atmosphere, an externality that industrial and external inputs. agriculture has passed on to the citizens of the Ka`anapali today world. www.islandbreath.blogspot.com Copyright 2016 by Maui Tomorrow Foundation, Inc. 3 REGENERATIVE AGRICULTURE Regenerative Agriculture: farming operations, and systems are integrated so that there is synergy and economy of management. • Improves water and mineral cycles on agricultural lands through contour farming and The reduction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arrowroot Production and Utilization in the Marshall Islands
    J. Ethnobiol. 14(2):211-234 Winter 1994 TRADITIONAL ARROWROOT PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION IN THE MARSHALL ISLANDS DIRK H. R. SPENNEMANN Johnstone Centre of Parks, RecreJltion, and Heritage Charles Sturt University p. 0. Box 789 Albury, NSW 2640 Australia ABSTRACT.-This paperexamines the traditional and modern role of Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides) in the subsistence and market economy of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, a group of atolls in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean. The plant is discussed in its biological and nutritional parameters. Aspects of traditional arrowroot production, starch extraction, and food preparation are examined. In the final section the potential role of the root crop in modern Mar­ shallese society is discussed. RESUMEN.-Este trabajo examina el papel tradicional y moderno de Tacca leon­ topetaloides en la economfa de subsistencia y de mercado en la Republica de las Islas Marshall, un grupo de Islas coralinas en el Oceano Pacifico ecuatoria1 cen­ tral. Se discuten los parimetros biol6gicos y nutricionales de esta planta, y se examinan los aspectos de la producci6n tradicional, la extracci6n de almid6n y la preparaci6n como alimento. En la secci6n final se discute el papel potencial de este cu1tivo en 1a sociedad moderna de las Islas Marshall. REsUME.-Nous examinons les roles traditionels et modernes de l'arrowroot Polynesien (raWl leontopetaloides) dans la subsistance et I'economie de la Repub­ Iique des Ilsles Marshalles, un groupe d'attoUs de l'Ocean Pacifique Equatorial Central. Les parametres biologiques et nutritifs de cette plante sont consideres. NOllS examinons dif£erents aspects de production traditionelle d'arrowroot, ainsi que I'extraction de la £ecule et Ia preparation des aliments.
    [Show full text]
  • Gillespie County Horticulture Newsletter
    Gillespie Horticulture Newsletter County Winter 2017/2018 Introduction Preview Recent Chill Hours Pg. 2 Yay, it’s cold! As much as I prefer warm- er weather, the cold weather has its uses too. Starting your own Pg. 3 Hopefully we will get enough cold weather to Transplants from give the peach trees enough chilling, and kill off all those cucumber beetles. Seed This newsletter will be a shorter one than normal, because the next one is scheduled Come join the Mas- Pg. 5 to come out in March. Read on to learn more ter Gardeners about the different methods for counting chill hours in peaches, how to start transplants for The Plantastic Veg- Pg. 6 your garden, program announcements and more! etable Gardening If you have any questions about any of Mini-Seminar the topics or programs in this newsletter, please email these to me at eliza- Pecan Show Results Pg. 7 [email protected] or call us at the extension office at 830-997-3452. Strange Tales of Pg. 8 One warning about calling our office. Our phone system is currently dropping calls Horticulture unexpectedly. If your call is dropped while be- ing transferred or while speaking to a staff Program An- Pg. 10 member, please call us back or we will call you nouncements back. We apologize for the issue and appreciate your patience. Garden Calendar Pg. 11 Name that Plant Pg. 12 Page 1 Winter 2017/2018 Gillespie County Horticulture Newsletter Recent Chill Hours If your peach trees didn’t produce fruit in 2017, it was proba- bly due to a lack of chilling.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Grow a Complete Diet with Permaculture Principles: Tropical Subsistence Gardening
    Plant Aloha Sustainable Farming Series Wade Bauer of Malama Aina Permaculture facilitating Thursday Feb 16, 2017 hawaiiansanctuary.com/plantaloha How to Grow a Complete Diet with Permaculture Principles: Tropical Subsistence Gardening. 24 class series, part 7 Plant Propagation & Home Nursery Maintenance: Learn how to grow all kinds of food plants from seed, cuttings, division, and more. Learn which trees are “true to seed” and which need grafting to produce. Acknowledgements: A special thanks to Hawaiian Sanctuary, County of Hawaii Research and Development and all others involved to make these classes a reality! We are still looking for support to complete and enhance this amazing FREE program. Please give what you can: hawaiiansanctuary.com/donate Introduction: Different plants require different methods of propagation. Propagation from Seed: Planting seeds: As a general rule for planting depth, plant seeds 2.5 times their width. Keep soil moist but not waterlogged. Potting soil has ideal drainage and moisture retention and is free from weed seeds and diseases. Direct seeding: Fast growing garden plants (often with larger seeds) are usually planted directly into their permanent location. For example, beans, pumpkin, radish, Seed in nursery: Plants that are slow growing in the begining may be easier to start in 3-4 in. pots in the nursery and then planted out when about 6 in. tall. Ex. kale, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, or if fruit trees potted into bigger pots till they are 1 to 3 ft tall. Planting fruit trees from seed: Many varieties of tropical fruit trees seeds may die if allowed to dry out. Planting seeds as quickly as possible is a good rule of thumb.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 MEDIA KIT Currently in Production for Its 11Th Season with 13 Episodes Slated for September-2020 Launch
    2020 MEDIA KIT Currently in production for its 11th season with 13 episodes slated for September-2020 Launch. Growing a Greener World® (GGW) is an award-winning, a public television series, distributed by American Public Televisioin, airing on PBS stations across the country and on CREATE TV, focused on organic gardening, sustainability, and green living. Airing 52 weeks a year in 175 markets across the United States; the series features accessible and cutting-edge topics, compelling and expertly-told stories, and stunning visual imagery for its ever-growing network of broadcast and web communities. Joe Lamp’l (a.k.a. joe gardener), a recognized leader in organic gardening and authority within the sustainability movement, serves as host and executive producer of this inspiring journey. His vast expertise and engaging personality make him ideally suited to connect with audiences. Thanks to multiple TV series; websites, and podcasts, Joe has become a trusted go-to resource for millions in the fields of organic gardening, environmental and eco-friendly living, urban homesteading, farm-to-table growing, harvesting, and preserving the harvest. With nearly 200 episodes already in the archives, the Growing a Greener World® crew travels across the country, from its headquarters north of Atlanta to gardens and farms in nearly every state and beyond. The team captures remarkable stories of visionary people and unique places changing our world for the better, each in their own impactful way. While Growing a Greener World® appeals to traditional audiences with educational content and visually rich storytelling, there is also a noticeably fresh energy in each episode that deeply resonates with younger viewers.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Propagation
    CHAPTER 7 Plant Propagation Sexual Propagation ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Seed ............................................................................................................................................................................1 Germination ................................................................................................................................................................2 Methods of Breaking Dormancy ..................................................................................................................................2 Starting Seeds ............................................................................................................................................................3 Seed Requirements ....................................................................................................................................................6 Transplanting and Handling ....................................................................................................................... 7 Propagation of Ferns by Spores .................................................................................................................................8 Asexual Propagation ................................................................................................................................... 9 Cuttings .......................................................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • 37 Vegetatively Propagating Forest Trees
    Monteuuis O Vegetatively propagating forest trees Monteuuis O CIRAD-BIOS, UMR AGAP, TA A-108/03, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. [email protected] Abstract Propagation by seeds gives rise to individuals which are all genetically different from each other. By contrast, asexual or vegetative propagation consists in duplicating, theoretically unlimitedly, genotypes while preserving through mitotic divisions their original genetic make-up, and consequently all their individual characteristics. This is essential to ensure the transfer of economically important traits which are under non-additive control. Vegetative propagation can be applied to any individual that does not produce fertile seeds, either because it has not entered the mature reproductive stage yet, or due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Its usefulness is obvious for research as well as for operational activities, depending on the ultimate objectives and on the most suitable strategies to meet the goals. Conventional nursery techniques and in vitro culture can be used for vegetatively propagating forest tree species. The respective pros and cons of these various vegetative propagation methods, which can synergistically complement each other, are considered, mainly from an operational viewpoint. Species characteristics and cost effectiveness must be taken into account for applications while pondering the real advantages and limitations of vegetative versus seed- based propagation strategies in the general context of forest tree plantations. Keywords:axillary budding, clone, cuttings, grafting, in vitro culture, organogenesis, self-rooted plants, somatic embryogenesis. Foreword The 4th conference of the IUFRO working unit 2.09.02 has recently given us the opportunity to discuss the last advances of somatic embryogenesis (SE) and other vegetative propagation (VP) technologies applied to forest tree species.
    [Show full text]
  • Working with Nature: Towards Ecological Integration
    Working with Nature: Towards Ecological Integration Consider the land or buildings you manage, for, we all manage an ecosystem —whether it is ourselves and our household or a thousand acre farm. What plants and animals do you see? Are there any mushrooms, fungi or lichens? Is there a forest? Do you see gardens? Are they mainly native species or not? Do you have both cultivated fields and animals grazing? Now with all this in your mind: How is all this managed? What role do you play in its management? How many inputs do you have to buy to make your system work? This chapter is about working with nature to manage our ecosystem. In forest, field and prairie, these natural ecosystems survive and thrive with only water and the sun as external inputs. Compare this to your own ecosystem. Throughout this chapter we will review methods of resilient farmers using natural ecological processes to increase productivity and decrease external inputs. Our aim is to help you integrate relevant practices and provide references to practical literature which goes into more depth. As you read through this chapter, consider your own property and have a piece of paper handy for inspiration and new ideas. Ecosystems integrate and build subsystems that are crucial to resilience. The foremost subsystem of a resilient ecosystem is healthy, living soil. Man can mine the soil and other resources and create wealth and power. Such extraction is tempting, but transitory. In the US, we have recognized the importance of maintaining our soils and preventing their erosion. This is not true of many other countries we have visited.
    [Show full text]
  • Unraveling the Mystery of the Natural Farming System (Korean): Isolation of Bacteria and Determining the Effects on Growth
    UNRAVELING THE MYSTERY OF THE NATURAL FARMING SYSTEM (KOREAN): ISOLATION OF BACTERIA AND DETERMINING THE EFFECTS ON GROWTH A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ANIMAL SCIENCE JULY 2018 By Ana Keli’ikuli Thesis Committee: Chin Lee, Chairperson Yong Li Yong-Soo Kim Keywords: Korean natural farming, sustainable agriculture, KNF, IMO, indigenous microorganisms Acknowledgements This project, 294R, was funded by CTAHR's HATCH and Smith-Lever funds for Supplemental Research award; thank you for believing in this project. Additionally, I’d like to thank my committee members, CN Lee, Yong Li, and Yong Soo Kim for their guidance and support - without them, this project would not have been possible. A very special thanks to Hoa Aina O Makaha for allowing us to use their land to carry-out our experiment and CTAHR research stations for their collaborative support. Thank you to Michael Duponte and Koon Hui Wang for collecting soil samples and Dr. Cheah for supplying me with tissue culture equipment and supplies. Thank you Dr. Lee for the life lessons; for inspiring me; driving me to be the best version of myself; and for making me think outside the box. Lastly, thanks to my lab mates and friends for their encouragement and support. ii Abstract KNF is a self-sufficient farming system that involves the culturing of indigenous microorganisms (IMO) – fungi, bacteria, and protozoa. It enhances soil microorganism activity and improves soil fertility. This farming approach maximizes the use of on-farm resources, recycles farm waste, and minimizes external inputs while fostering soil health.
    [Show full text]
  • 'No$Spray'$Kona$Coffee:$ Farming$Without$Herbicide
    ‘No$Spray’$Kona$Coffee:$ farming$without$herbicide Melanie'Bondera FarmWorks Hawaii Why? • Human'Health'(carcinogen) • Environment'(soil,'animals,'plants,'reef) Agricultural$Why? • Soil'Health'(kills'micro>ecology) • Yield'(reduces'coffee'cherry'yield) • Cost • SuperWeeds • 100x'stronger'than'1970 • Can’t'mix'with'MycotrolJ'reduces'B.'bassiana impact Maintain$a$Cover • Holds'soil • Holds'water HOW? Weed$Management • System • Combination'of'methods HOW? • Weed'Whacking'(steep'rocky'slopes) • Mowing • Hand'Weeding Cover$crops • Weed'supression • Paspalum • Nutrition • Desmodium • Alternate'Crop • Perrennial peanut • Mixed'cover • Wandering'Jews • Succession • Glyricidia • Planted • More… Shade • Coffee'is'an'understory'crop • Supress weeds • Allows'cover'crops'to'outcompete'weeds • Provides'an'additional'marketable'crop • Can'add'nutrition> nitrogen'&'leaf'litter Grazing$Animals • Sheep,'goats,'llamas,'cows,'donkey,' chickens • Manure'adds'nutrition • Animal'products Manage$Soil$MicroHecology • Coffee'prefers'fungal>dominated'soil • Desmodium prefers'bacteria>dominated'soil • Compost'teas • Korean'Natural'Farming'>>'Hawai‘i'Natural' Farming Understory$Crop • Sissou,'sweet'potato,'pumpkin,'taro… • Makes'weeding'worth'it • Additional'marketable'product • Better'land,'water,'fertilizer'use Mulch • Pruned'Coffee'branches• Weed'Suppression – Laid'in'row'&'flayed • Decomposes'to' – Chipped'&'spread compost' • Cherry'&'Parchment' • Faster'with'compost' from'your'mill teas'with'micro> • Other'farm'organic' organisms matter • Holds'moisture'in'soil
    [Show full text]
  • Northeast Organic Farming Association/ Massachusetts Chapter
    April 2014 Newsletter Northeast Organic Farming Association/ Massachusetts Chapter Inside this Issue: Expanding (sub)urban Solidarity Agriculture: GMO labeling bill edible gardens with Ben A Farmer Exchange to favorably reported out of Barkan Peru legislative committee page 3 page 13 page 18 From the Editor Northeast Organic Farming Association/ By Nicole Belanger, NOFA/Mass Public Massachusetts Chapter, Inc. Relations Coordinator 411 Sheldon Road Barre, MA 01005 978-355-2853 (p) 978-355-4046 (f) Doesn’t that sun feel nice? The snow [email protected] piles melt and we say hello to crocuses www.nofamass.org and robins. It’s spring again! Finally! Here’s hoping that the winter wasn’t too bad for NOFA/Mass Board Meetings are open to all you. I hope that deep freeze killed a lot of your members. For more information please contact: unwelcomed insects, and that your bees and animals Executive Director, Julie Rawson made it through ok. [email protected] 978-355-2853 This time of year, energy shifts towards time outside and beginning to realize those new projects we’ve been scheming about for months. We at NOFA/ © 2002-2014 NOFA/Massachusetts Mass are feeling our plans take shape as well. NOFA/Massachusetts is a 501 (c) (3) non-profit organization. Contributions are tax-deductible Due to popular demand, we’re offering several new to the extent allowed by law. classes this season. Aaron Englander shares his experience with the closed-loop system of Korean Natural Farming. This diy fertility workshop will take place at Heifer Farm in Rutland, MA on May Not a member yet? 3rd.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritional Facts Chart
    Almond Coconut Bar:Ice Cream cocoa Banana: (per 1/2 cup serving = approximately one scoop) , cocoa Banana's Foster: arrowroot, locust bean gum and guar gum. Milk, cream, bananas, sugar, corn syrup, skim milk , arrowroot, Beantow n Buzz: , arrowroot and/or cottonseed oil), dutch cocoa, corn syrup, corn flour, d (sugar, chocolate liquor, cocoa), sugar, coffee, cream, soy lec coffee, wheat flour, chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, arrowroot, Cake Batter: Milk, cream, sugar, corn syrup, skim milk, almonds, coconut, c processed with alkali, whey, soy lecithin), cake base (wheat fl , (flour, sugar, soybean oil, butter, eggs, FD&C yellow #5), corn locust bean a Milk, cream, sugar, corn syrup, bananas, skim milk, brown sugar Carameln Moose Prints: d natural flavor), candies (milk chocolate (sugar, coconut oil, d gua Milk, cream, sugar, cookie swirl (soybean oil, cookie crumb (wh peanut butter)), corn syrup, skim milk, arrowroot, locust bean r Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough: gu Milk, cream, sugar, fudge swirl (sugar, vegetable oil (peanut shortening, chocolate chips [sugar, chocolate liquor, cocoa but g syrup, sodium bicarbonate, salt, and artificial flavor),m corn s um gu . Chocolate Flake: , m g sugar, corn syrup, skim milk, arrowroot, locust bean gum, guar uar a n Chocolate Moose: Milk, cream,d sugar, corn syrup, dutch cocoa, s g um and butter oil. stabilizer (egg yolk solids, carob gua bean gum, guar gum, carragee Chocolate Peanut Butter Cup: r corn syrup, salt), dutch cocoa, corn syrup, skim milk,gu stabili Milk, cream, sugar, caramel swirl (corn syrup, sugar, butter, carrageenan) and pure vanilla. m Emack & Bolio's Nutritional Information Sheet Chunk O Funk: .
    [Show full text]
  • Edible Films and Coatings Formulated with Arrowroot Starch As a Non-Conventional Starch Source for Plums Packaging
    Article Edible Films and Coatings Formulated with Arrowroot Starch as a Non-Conventional Starch Source for Plums Packaging Gislaine Ferreira Nogueira 1,* , Bianca de Oliveira Leme 1, Gabriela Ragazzi Santana dos Santos 1, Juliana Viegas da Silva 1, Patrícia Barbosa Nascimento 1, Cyntia Trevisan Soares 1 , Farayde Matta Fakhouri 2,3 and Rafael Augustus de Oliveira 1 1 School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil; [email protected] (B.d.O.L.); [email protected] (G.R.S.d.S.); [email protected] (J.V.d.S.); [email protected] (P.B.N.); [email protected] (C.T.S.); [email protected] (R.A.d.O.) 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Poly2 Group, Carrer Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-19-9976-29917 Abstract: Increasing environmental awareness has promoted an interest in alternative strategies to common plastics obtained from fossil sources, stimulating research on the use of biodegradable and edible films/coatings obtained from renewable sources such as arrowroot starch. This research work aimed to evaluate the use of arrowroot starch on the formation of edible films and coatings. Increasing the concentration of arrowroot starch (from 1% to 5%, mass/mass) in the film produced by casting Citation: Nogueira, G.F.; Leme, resulted in increased water vapor permeability (from 2.20 to 3.68 g mm/m2 day kPa), moisture B.d.O.; Santos, G.R.S.d.; Silva, J.V.d.; content (3.22% to 7.95%), increased thickness (from 0.029 to 0.101 mm), and decreased solubility in Nascimento, P.B.; Soares, C.T.; water (from 22.45% to 13.89%).
    [Show full text]