Mammal Checklist (2015)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Redwood National and State Park. Mammal checklist (2015). Order Didelmorpha (Oppossums) Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana Order Insectivora (Shrews and Moles) Marsh Shrew Sorex bendirii Pacific Shrew Sorex pacificus Trowbridge Shrew Sorex trowbridgii Vagrant Shrew Sorex vagrans Sonoma Shrew Sorex sonomae Broad-Handed Mole Scapanus latimanus Coast Mole Scapanus orarius American Shrew-Mole Neurotrichus gibbsii Townsend's Mole Scapanus townsendii Order Chiroptera (Bats) Big Brown Bat Eptesicus fuscus California Myotis Myotis californicus Fringed Myotis Myotis thysanodes Hoary Bat Lasiurus cinereus Western Red Bat Lasiurus blossevillii Little Brown Myotis Myotis lucifugus Long-Eared Myotis Myotis evotis Long-Legged Myotis Myotis volans Silver-Haired Bat Lasionycteris noctivagans Townsend's Big-Eared Bat Corynorhinus townsendii Yuma Myotis Myotis yumanensis Pallid Bat Antrozous pallidus Mexican free-tailed Bat Tadarida brasiliensis Order Lagomorpha (Rabbits and Hares) Brush Rabbit Sylvilagus bachmani Order Rodentia (Rodents) Mountain Beaver Aplodontia rufa Allen's Chipmunk Tamias senex Siskiyou Chipmunk Tamias siskiyou California Ground Squirrel Spermophilus beecheyi Douglas' Squirrel Tamiasciurus douglasii Northern Flying Squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus Western Gray Squirrel Sciurus griseus Botta's Pocket Gopher Thomomys bottae Beaver Castor canadensis Western Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis Deer Mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Pinyon Mouse Peromyscus truei Bushy-Tailed Woodrat Neotoma cinerae Dusky-Footed Woodrat Neotoma fuscipes Western Red-Backed Vole Clethrionomys californicus White-Footed Vole Phenacomys albipes Sonoma Tree Vole Arborimus pomo Oregon Red Tree Vole Arborimus longicaudus California Vole Microtus californicus Creeping Vole Microtus oregoni Long-Tailed Vole Microtus longicaudus Townsend's Vole Microtus townsendii Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus Black Rat Rattus rattus Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus House Mouse Mus musculus Pacific Jumping Mouse Zapus trinotatus Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum Order Carnivora (Carnivores) Coyote Canis latrans Gray Fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus Black Bear Ursus americanus Ringtail Bassariscus astutus Raccoon Procyon lotor Humboldt Marten Martes caurina, ssp. Humboldtensis Fisher Martes pennanti Short-tailed Weasel Mustela erminea Long-tailed Weasel Mustela frenata Mink Mustela vison Spotted Skunk Spilogale gracilis Striped Skunk Mephitis mephitis River Otter Lontra canadensis Bobcat Lynx rufus Mountain Lion Puma concolor Order Artiodactyla (Elk and Deer) Black-Tailed Deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus Roosevelt Elk Cervus elaphus roosevelti Order Pinnipedia (Seals and Sea Lions) Steller (=Northern) Sea Lion Eumetopias jubatus California Sea Lion Zalophus californicianus Harbor Seal Phoca vitulina Elephant Seal Mirounga angustirostris Order Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises) Gray Whale Eschrichtius robustus Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Killer Whale Orcinus orca Harbor Porpoise Phocoena phocoena .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Pacific Water Shrew Sorex Bendirii
COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Pacific Water Shrew Sorex bendirii in Canada ENDANGERED 2006 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2006. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Pacific watershrew Sorex bendirii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 28 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Previous report: Galindo-Leal, C. and J.B. Runciman. 1994. COSEWIC status report on the Pacific water shrew Sorex bendirii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 1-33 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge David Nagorsen for writing the update status report on the Pacific water shrew Sorex bendirii, prepared under contract with Environment Canada, and overseen and edited by Mark Brigham, Co-chair (Terrestrial Mammals), COSEWIC Terrestrial Mammals Species Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur la musaraigne de Bendire (Sorex bendirii) au Canada – Mise à jour. Cover illustration: Pacific water shrew – by Ron Altig. ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2006 Catalogue No.
[Show full text]
Final Report, Joint Fire Science Program, AFP 2004-2
Final report, Joint Fire Science Program, AFP 2004-2 Project Number: 04-2-1-95 Project Title: The influences of post-fire salvage logging on wildlife populations. Project Location: Davis Lake Fire, Deschutes National Forest in central Oregon Co-Principal Investigators: John P. Hayes and John Cissel. Contact Information: (541) 737-0946; [email protected] This final report details findings to date, and lists proposed and accomplished deliverables. Details on the study background, objectives, and methods are presented in the Annual Report of the Co-operative Forest Ecology Research (CFER) program (at http://www.fsl.orst.edu/cfer/research/pubs/06AnnualReport/pdfs/Manning.pdf) which can be considered a contribution to the final report. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS TO DATE Bird population responses • A total of 34 species of birds registered during two seasons of point counts. Of these, 15 species and one genus were abundant enough to warrant analysis. • Significant effects of salvage logging on bird abundance were demonstrated for 6 species. • For species whose abundances did differ, differences were probably related to effects on foraging and nesting habitat components. • Several species (brown creepers, yellow-rumped warblers, and 2 species of woodpeckers) were more abundant in unsalvaged stands. The western wood pewee also trended in that direction. While this response might be expected for woodpeckers and creepers which feed primarily on insects found in dead trees, and which nest in cavities of dead trees, the responses of warblers and pewees is harder to explain. • Species which feed and nest primarily on the ground, specifically the fox sparrow and the dark-eyed junco, were more abundant in salvaged stands.
[Show full text]
Mammal Species Native to the USA and Canada for Which the MIL Has an Image (296) 31 July 2021
Mammal species native to the USA and Canada for which the MIL has an image (296) 31 July 2021 ARTIODACTYLA (includes CETACEA) (38) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei - Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 7. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Bos bison - American Bison 2. Oreamnos americanus - Mountain Goat 3. Ovibos moschatus - Muskox 4. Ovis canadensis - Bighorn Sheep 5. Ovis dalli - Thinhorn Sheep CERVIDAE - deer 1. Alces alces - Moose 2. Cervus canadensis - Wapiti (Elk) 3. Odocoileus hemionus - Mule Deer 4. Odocoileus virginianus - White-tailed Deer 5. Rangifer tarandus -Caribou DELPHINIDAE - ocean dolphins 1. Delphinus delphis - Common Dolphin 2. Globicephala macrorhynchus - Short-finned Pilot Whale 3. Grampus griseus - Risso's Dolphin 4. Lagenorhynchus albirostris - White-beaked Dolphin 5. Lissodelphis borealis - Northern Right-whale Dolphin 6. Orcinus orca - Killer Whale 7. Peponocephala electra - Melon-headed Whale 8. Pseudorca crassidens - False Killer Whale 9. Sagmatias obliquidens - Pacific White-sided Dolphin 10. Stenella coeruleoalba - Striped Dolphin 11. Stenella frontalis – Atlantic Spotted Dolphin 12. Steno bredanensis - Rough-toothed Dolphin 13. Tursiops truncatus - Common Bottlenose Dolphin MONODONTIDAE - narwhals, belugas 1. Delphinapterus leucas - Beluga 2. Monodon monoceros - Narwhal PHOCOENIDAE - porpoises 1. Phocoena phocoena - Harbor Porpoise 2. Phocoenoides dalli - Dall’s Porpoise PHYSETERIDAE - sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus – Sperm Whale TAYASSUIDAE - peccaries Dicotyles tajacu - Collared Peccary CARNIVORA (48) CANIDAE - dogs 1. Canis latrans - Coyote 2.
[Show full text]
Zootaxa, Checklist of Helminth Parasites of Soricomorpha
Zootaxa 1969: 36–58 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Checklist of helminth parasites of Soricomorpha (= Insectivora) of North America north of Mexico JOHN M. KINSELLA1 & VASYL V. TKACH2 1HelmWest Laboratory, 2108 Hilda Avenue, Missoula, Montana 59801, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A parasite-host and a host-parasite checklist of helminths found in Soricomorpha (= Insectivora) of North America north of Mexico are presented. The parasite-host checklist includes a total of 114 species of helminth parasites reported in the literature from 28 species of insectivores, totaling 349 records. These include 97 species from shrews (9 trematodes, 34 cestodes, 50 nematodes, 4 acanthocephalans) and 23 species from moles (3 trematodes, 4 cestodes, 10 nematodes, 6 acanthocephalans). Each helminth species is listed under its most current accepted taxon, with all known synonyms, dis- tribution by state/province, and references for each geographic location. The following new combinations are proposed: Lineolepis pribilofensis (Olson, 1969) n. comb. for Hymenolepis pribilofensis Olson, 1969; Monocercus soricis (Nei- land, 1953) n. comb. for Molluscotaenia soricis (Neiland, 1953) Spasskii & Andreiko, 1971; and Eucoleus blarinae (Ogren, 1953) n. comb. for Capillaria blarinae Ogren, 1953. The state of knowledge of helminths of insectivores in North America is briefly discussed. Key words: helminths; Soricomorpha; Insectivora; shrews; moles; North America Introduction Shrews and moles have traditionally been classified in the order Insectivora, but more recently have been placed in the order Soricomorpha (Wilson & Reeder 2005).
[Show full text]
An Educator's Resource to Texas Mammal Skulls and Skins
E4H-014 11/17 An Educator’s Resource to Texas Mammal Skulls and Skins for use in 4-H Wildlife Programs and FFA Wildlife Career Development Events By, Denise Harmel-Garza Program Coordinator I, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, 4-H Photographer and coauthor, Audrey Sepulveda M.Ed. Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 2017 “A special thanks to the Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections at Texas A&M University for providing access to their specimens.” Texas A&M AgriLife Extension provides equal opportunities in its programs and employment to all persons, regardless of race, color, sex, religion, national origin, disability, age, genetic information, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating. Introduction Texas youth that participate in wildlife programs may be asked to identify a skull, skin, scat, tracks, etc. of an animal. Usually, educators must find this information and assemble pictures of skulls and skins from various sources. They also must ensure that what they find is relevant and accurate. Buying skulls and skins to represent all Texas mammals is costly. Most educators cannot afford them, and if they can, maintaining these collections over time is problematic. This study resource will reduce the time teachers across the state need to spend searching for information and allow them more time for presenting the material to their students. This identification guide gives teachers and students easy access to information that is accurate and valuable for learning to identify Texas mammals.
[Show full text]
Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management
Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment for the Use of Wildlife Damage Management Methods by USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services Chapter I Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management MAY 2017 Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services (WS) Program completed Risk Assessments for methods used in wildlife damage management in 1992 (USDA 1997). While those Risk Assessments are still valid, for the most part, the WS Program has expanded programs into different areas of wildlife management and wildlife damage management (WDM) such as work on airports, with feral swine and management of other invasive species, disease surveillance and control. Inherently, these programs have expanded the methods being used. Additionally, research has improved the effectiveness and selectiveness of methods being used and made new tools available. Thus, new methods and strategies will be analyzed in these risk assessments to cover the latest methods being used. The risk assements are being completed in Chapters and will be made available on a website, which can be regularly updated. Similar methods are combined into single risk assessments for efficiency; for example Chapter IV contains all foothold traps being used including standard foothold traps, pole traps, and foot cuffs. The Introduction to Risk Assessments is Chapter I and was completed to give an overall summary of the national WS Program. The methods being used and risks to target and nontarget species, people, pets, and the environment, and the issue of humanenss are discussed in this Chapter. From FY11 to FY15, WS had work tasks associated with 53 different methods being used.
[Show full text]
Tidal Marsh Recovery Plan Habitat Creation Or Enhancement Project Within 5 Miles of OAK
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Recovery Plan for Tidal Marsh Ecosystems of Northern and Central California California clapper rail Suaeda californica Cirsium hydrophilum Chloropyron molle Salt marsh harvest mouse (Rallus longirostris (California sea-blite) var. hydrophilum ssp. molle (Reithrodontomys obsoletus) (Suisun thistle) (soft bird’s-beak) raviventris) Volume II Appendices Tidal marsh at China Camp State Park. VII. APPENDICES Appendix A Species referred to in this recovery plan……………....…………………….3 Appendix B Recovery Priority Ranking System for Endangered and Threatened Species..........................................................................................................11 Appendix C Species of Concern or Regional Conservation Significance in Tidal Marsh Ecosystems of Northern and Central California….......................................13 Appendix D Agencies, organizations, and websites involved with tidal marsh Recovery.................................................................................................... 189 Appendix E Environmental contaminants in San Francisco Bay...................................193 Appendix F Population Persistence Modeling for Recovery Plan for Tidal Marsh Ecosystems of Northern and Central California with Intial Application to California clapper rail …............................................................................209 Appendix G Glossary……………......................................................................………229 Appendix H Summary of Major Public Comments and Service
[Show full text]
Museum of Natural History
p m r- r-' ME FYF-11 - - T r r.- 1. 4,6*. of the FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY THE COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY OF BOBCAT, BLACK BEAR, AND FLORIDA PANTHER IN SOUTH FLORIDA David Steffen Maehr Volume 40, No. 1, pf 1-176 1997 == 46 1ms 34 i " 4 '· 0?1~ I. Al' Ai: *'%, R' I.' I / Em/-.Ail-%- .1/9" . -_____- UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE Numbers of the BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY am published at irregular intervals Volumes contain about 300 pages and are not necessarily completed in any one calendar year. JOHN F. EISENBERG, EDITOR RICHARD FRANZ CO-EDIWR RHODA J. BRYANT, A£ANAGING EMOR Communications concerning purchase or exchange of the publications and all manuscripts should be addressed to: Managing Editor. Bulletin; Florida Museum of Natural Histoty, University of Florida P. O. Box 117800, Gainesville FL 32611-7800; US.A This journal is printed on recycled paper. ISSN: 0071-6154 CODEN: BF 5BAS Publication date: October 1, 1997 Price: $ 10.00 Frontispiece: Female Florida panther #32 treed by hounds in a laurel oak at the site of her first capture on the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge in central Collier County, 3 February 1989. Photograph by David S. Maehr. THE COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY OF BOBCAT, BLACK BEAR, AND FLORIDA PANTHER IN SOUTH FLORIDA David Steffen Maehri ABSTRACT Comparisons of food habits, habitat use, and movements revealed a low probability for competitive interactions among bobcat (Lynx ndia). Florida panther (Puma concotor cooi 1 and black bear (Urns amencanus) in South Florida. All three species preferred upland forests but ©onsumed different foods and utilized the landscape in ways that resulted in ecological separation.
[Show full text]
MAMMALS of WASHINGTON Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA
MAMMALS OF WASHINGTON If there is no mention of regions, the species occurs throughout the state. Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA (New World opossums) DIDELPHIDAE (New World opossums) Didelphis virginiana, Virginia Opossum. Wooded habitats. Widespread in W lowlands, very local E; introduced from E U.S. Order INSECTIVORA (insectivores) SORICIDAE (shrews) Sorex cinereus, Masked Shrew. Moist forested habitats. Olympic Peninsula, Cascades, and NE corner. Sorex preblei, Preble's Shrew. Conifer forest. Blue Mountains in Garfield Co.; rare. Sorex vagrans, Vagrant Shrew. Marshes, meadows, and moist forest. Sorex monticolus, Montane Shrew. Forests. Cascades to coast, NE corner, and Blue Mountains. Sorex palustris, Water Shrew. Mountain streams and pools. Olympics, Cascades, NE corner, and Blue Mountains. Sorex bendirii, Pacific Water Shrew. Marshes and stream banks. W of Cascades. Sorex trowbridgii, Trowbridge's Shrew. Forests. Cascades to coast. Sorex merriami, Merriam's Shrew. Shrub steppe and grasslands. Columbia basin and foothills of Blue Mountains. Sorex hoyi, Pygmy Shrew. Many habitats. NE corner (known only from S Stevens Co.), rare. TALPIDAE (moles) Neurotrichus gibbsii, Shrew-mole. Moist forests. Cascades to coast. Scapanus townsendii, Townsend's Mole. Meadows. W lowlands. Scapanus orarius, Coast Mole. Most habitats. W lowlands, central E Cascades slopes, and Blue Mountains foothills. Order CHIROPTERA (bats) VESPERTILIONIDAE (vespertilionid bats) Myotis lucifugus, Little Brown Myotis. Roosts in buildings and caves. Myotis yumanensis, Yuma Myotis. All habitats near water, roosting in trees, buildings, and caves. Myotis keenii, Keen's Myotis. Forests, roosting in tree cavities and cliff crevices. Olympic Peninsula. Myotis evotis, Long-eared Myotis. Conifer forests, roosting in tree cavities, caves and buildings; also watercourses in arid regions.
[Show full text]
On the Original Description of the Sacred Shrew, Sorex Religiosa I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826 [Nec 1827] (Mammalia: Soricidae)
Bionomina, 9: 50–53 (2015) ISSN 1179-7649 (print edition) www.mapress.com/bionomina/ Article BIONOMINA Copyright © 2015 • Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-7657 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.9.1.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:790065A5-5351-4E9F-9BA6-6A4F9B10BEC0 On the original description of the Sacred Shrew, Sorex religiosa I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826 [nec 1827] (Mammalia: Soricidae) Neal WOODMAN USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, MRC-111, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. <[email protected]> Abstract The original description of the Egyptian Pygmy Shrew or Sacred Shrew, Sorex religiosus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (Mammalia: Soricidae: Crocidura religiosa), was based on mummies obtained by Joseph Passalacqua from the ancient Egyptian necropolis at Thebes, Egypt. The description and naming of this species is commonly credited to Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire’s (1827) compendium and review of shrews in the Mémoires du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle. However, this author also described this species in two earlier publications. The first was in a footnote to Passalacqua’s (1826) Catalogue raisonné et historique des antiquités découvertes en Égypte; the second in January 1827 in the 11th volume of the Dictionnaire classique d’Histoire naturelle. In each case, he explained what he considered to be the distinguishing characteristics of the species and presented its common and scientific names. Priority, therefore, goes to Geoffroy Saint- Hilaire’s description in Passalacqua’s (1826) Catalogue. Key words: Insectivora, Sorex, Crocidura, mummy, systematics, taxonomy Introduction The Egyptian Pygmy Shrew or Sacred Shrew, Sorex religiosus I.
[Show full text]
Life History Account for Townsend's Mole
California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Interagency Wildlife Task Group TOWNSEND'S MOLE Scapanus townsendii Family: TALPIDAE Order: INSECTIVORA Class: MAMMALIA M016 Written by: G. Hoefler, J. Harris Reviewed by: H. Shellhammer Edited by: S. Granholm DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND SEASONALITY Townsend's mole is found along the North Coast in Del Norte and Humboldt cos., from the Oregon border south through about two-thirds of Humboldt Co. Optimum habitats are annual grassland, wet meadow, and early seral stages of redwood, Douglas-fir, mixed conifer, and montane hardwood-conifer forests. Townsend's mole in California mainly is a species of lowland river bottoms. SPECIFIC HABITAT REQUIREMENTS Feeding: Earthworms comprise 55-86% of the diet, with the remainder insects, seeds, roots, leaves, slugs, snails, and small mammals (Wight 1928, Moore 1933, Pedersen 1963, Whitaker et al. 1979). Forages beneath the surface in light, base-rich soils. Cover: This mole is almost entirely subterranean, spending its time in underground burrow systems. Requires well-drained, friable soil for burrowing. Reproduction: Nests in a grass-lined cavity 15-20 cm (6-8 in) below the surface. Nests sometimes are placed under "fortresses" (large mounds of earth 75-125 cm (30-50 in) in diameter), or near the center of a cluster of several normal-sized mounds (Kuhn et al. 1966, Maser et al. 1981). Water: Water needs are met from the diet, especially from earthworms. Pattern: Prefers well-drained, friable soils. Avoids dense woods and thickets. Clearing, draining, and fertilizing of cropland and pasture may have increased numbers of Townsend's mole.
[Show full text]
Terrestrial Mammal Species of Special Concern in California, Bolster, B.C., Ed., 1998 22
Terrestrial Mammal Species of Special Concern in California, Bolster, B.C., Ed., 1998 22 Salt marsh wandering shrew, Sorex vagrans halicoetes Paul W. Collins Description: A small to medium sized (100-110 mm TL), dark shrew, sooty seal brown to black above with a relatively long (37-41 mm), unicolored tail; dark brown ventrum; and moderately large high-domed skull (Grinnell 1913). Distinguished from upland S. v. vagrans by its darker dorsum and brown ventrum (silvery brown in vagrans), slightly larger body size, broader rostrum, and longer maxillary tooth-row (Grinnell 1913, Jackson 1928, Findley 1955). Distinguished from S. o. sinuosus by its slightly lighter color, larger size, browner ears, and high, dome-shaped cranium (Grinnell 1913). Weight from 3.1 to 7.2 g (males) and from 2.7 to 7.0 g (females) (Rudd 1955b). Distinguished from upland S. v. vagrans by darker dorsal and ventral pelage (Grinnell 1913). Taxonomic Remarks: The salt-marsh wandering shrew was first described as S. halicoetes Grinnell (1913). Jackson (1928) relegated halicoetes to a subspecies of S. vagrans, a convention followed by subsequent authors (Grinnell 1933, Findley 1955, Hennings and Hoffmann 1977, Junge and Hoffmann 1981, Carraway 1990). The taxonomy of S. vagrans group has had a confusing history (Merriam 1895, Grinnell 1913, Jackson 1928). There is little controversy about the taxonomic status of S. v. halicoetes, although the karyotype from halicoetes was identical to S. v. vagrans from the northern part of the San Francisco Bay region (Brown 1974). This taxon still needs a more thorough biochemical and morphometric analysis to help clarify its phylogenetic and taxonomic relationship to other members of the S.
[Show full text]