Prisons Without Walls: Prison Camps and Penal Change In
CHAPTER ONE Prison Camps in Australia and the Historiography of Penal Change On 31 October 1913, in the scrubby coastal sand dunes near Tuncurry, on the north coast of New South Wales, five men made camp for the night. At the place they stopped stood a hut in which one of them would sleep; the others pitched tents. They had come from Goulburn, via Taree, and the journey had taken two days. Their bodies would have welcomed the rest. They had lugged a great deal of equipment with them over the dunes, four kilometres from the road—tools, building materials, kitchen utensils, clothes, bedding, as well as a large quantity of food, with just one horse and cart. Sleep, however, may have taken some time to come to them, tired as they were, for they knew that the next day was the beginning of something new, and that much hinged on how they conducted themselves here.1 Different events had led each man to this point. Those in the tents were convicted criminals; the man in the hut their guard. Percy Whirls was a thief; Arthur Pratt a forger; Frederick Harris a burglar; and Thomas Griffin was an embezzler. They were all over twenty-five years old and none had any previous convictions. Their keeper was Charles McArthur. A few days earlier, the 1200 hectares of land around the campsite had been proclaimed the Prisoners Afforestation Camp, Tuncurry. They were there to build a forest.2 The tents were in time replaced by huts, built by the men themselves. Once they had finished their unwalled prison, they were to set to work on the dunes establishing the state’s first pine plantation.
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