DOCSLIB.ORG

Revisiting Rosemont Plantation, Laurens County, South Carolina

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revisiting Rosemont Plantation, Laurens County, South Carolina REVISITING ROSEMONT PLANTATION, LAURENS COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA CHICORA RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION 489 REVISITING ROSEMONT PLANTATION, LAURENS COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA Prepared By: Michael Trinkley, Ph.D., RPA Chicora Research Contribution 489 Chicora Foundation, Inc. PO Box 8664 ▪ 861 Arbutus Drive Columbia, South Carolina 29202-8664 803-787-6910 www.chicora.org This report is printed on permanent paper ∞ ©2008 by Chicora Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or transcribed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of Chicora Foundation, Inc. except for brief quotations used in reviews. Full credit must be given to the authors, publisher, and project sponsor. ABSTRACT The initial research at Rosemont was Artifact assemblages, while meager, conducted in 1991 and was reported in 1992. At supplement the data previously collected from the time the work was one of the earliest Rosemont and provide additional clues investigations of a piedmont plantation. It regarding both antebellum and postbellum life provided significant historical research, testing in the piedmont. The Rosemont main house of the main plantation complex, and a very (and its gardens) is certainly comparable to most detailed reconstruction of the Rosemont garden. low country plantations. The single posited In 2007 Mr. Richard Lorenz, one of the property slave structure investigated, although poorly owners, allowed Chicora to conduct additional preserved, seems to be more similar than research. This research focused on an adjacent different from low country examples. tract to the west of the previously investigated main settlement that is in the process of being A major goal for the citizens of Laurens sold for development by the Clark family. County remains the preservation of Rosemont Plantation. Although a non-profit organization On this tract are two large mounds, has been created for this purpose, much more found to represent the remains of structures. needs to be done. We made initial Structure 3, to the south of an east-west access recommendations regarding site preservation in road, was identified through investigations as a 1991, but regrettably the site has continued to probable antebellum dwelling. It has a mean deteriorate since that time. Talk today of ceramic date of 1850. Structure 8, to the north of parking lots and paths is premature. Far more the access road, was found to be a probable important is the stabilization and development postbellum structure. Further work by Mr. of a preservation plan for the site. Lorenz revealed a dry laid rock foundation for a chimney. A critical aspect of that preservation plan is additional archaeological investigation. Also identified during these There are many resources that are being investigations are two barns, situated along the gradually diminished and will be eventually lost access road. One measures 40 by 22 feet if there is not a dedicated effort to their (Structure 9), the other 30 by 18 feet (Structure examination. 10). i ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures iv List of Tables v Introduction 1 Background 1 Curation 4 Natural Setting 5 Physiography, Geology, and Soils 5 Climate 6 Floristics 7 Historic Synopsis of Rosemont 13 Historical Overview of the Upcountry 13 History of Rosemont Plantation 19 A Retrospective Examination of Rosemont History 45 The Rosemont Structures 47 The Rosemont Garden 48 The Rosemont House 52 Notable Rosemont Garden Plants 55 Trees 55 Shrubs 60 Fruits 62 Roses 65 Investigations 69 Strategy and Methods 69 Surface Remains 71 Archaeological Remains 74 Artifacts 79 1991 Investigations 79 2007 Investigations 83 Summary 87 Sources Cited 93 Appendix 1. Lorenz Collections 103 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Portion of the USGS Waterloo Topographic map 1 2. Rosemont Plantation in 1991 2 3. View of the area west of the main settlement 4 4. Soils immediately surrounding the Rosemont settlement 6 5. Wet and dry years since 1900 7 6. 1939 and 1941 aerial images of the plantation 9 7. 1949 and 1964 aerial images of the plantation 10 8. 1970 aerial image of the plantation 11 9. Mouzon’s 1775 map of the Rosemont area 21 10. Mills’ 1826 Atlas of the Rosemont area 23 11. Ann Pamela Cunningham 33 12. 1883 Kyzer and Hellans map of the Rosemont area 35 13. 1892 topographic map of the Rosemont area 36 14. 1894 plat of Tract 1 of Rosemont Plantation 37 15. Ca. 1920 photograph of the Rosemont house 41 16. Ca. 1920 photograph of the north façade of the Rosemont house 42 17. Rosemont about 1926 43 18. 1941 aerial of Rosemont 45 19. Wilkes’ ca. 1947 sketch of the posited slave cemetery at Rosemont 46 20. Reconstruction of the historical arrangement of Rosemont structures 47 21. Conjectural plans of the Rosemont main house 51 22. Plan of the Rosemont Plantation site 70 23. Structure 3 mound 72 24. Structure 8 mound 72 25. Structure 9 73 26. Plans and profiles for Test Pits 1-3 75 27. Test Pit 5 76 28. Test Pit 6 77 29. Brick pathway exposed in 1991 77 30. Function and type of nails at Structures 1 and 2 81 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Rosemont’s agricultural production and that of Laurens County in 1850 26 2. Rosemont’s agricultural production and that of Laurens County in 1860 30 3. Pottery at Rosemont Plantation 79 4. Mean ceramic dates for Rosemont 80 5. Comparison of artifact patterns 82 6. Comparison of Rosemont with Millwood data 82 7. Decorative motifs 83 8. Mean ceramic date for Structure 3 83 9. Artifacts and pattern from Structure 3 84 10. Artifacts and pattern from Structure 8 85 v vi INTRODUCTION Background 221 (Shrine Club Road to the southwest and Slough or Cunningham Slough Road to the The Rosemont property is situated in northeast) (Figure 1). southeastern Laurens County, east of the confluence of the Saluda and Reedy rivers. A Although the area around the plantation portion of these rivers was flooded by the has been intensively cultivated in the past, it Buzzards Roost rural electrification project in was found in second growth hardwood forest, the 1930s, creating Lake Greenwood. Rosemont being managed primarily as a hunting preserve is about 16 miles southwest of Laurens and 4½ at the time of our first inv estigations. miles south of Waterloo. Although the original plantation was over 2000 acres, this study Research in 1991-1992 concentrated on the vicinity of the main house, encompassing about 3 acres circumscribed by S- Chicora’s first archaeological invest- Figure 1. Portion of the Waterloo 1971 USGS topographic map showing the vicinity of Rosemont Plantation in Laurens County. 1 ROSEMONT PLANTATION Several other modifications of the initial research design were made as work progressed in 1991. Initially Chicora anticipated integrating the efforts of an architectural historian at the site. We discovered, however, that the building remains were virtually all below ground and that little architectural research could be accomplished during this early phase of research. Consequently, this effort was shifted to the transcription and review of the voluminous historical Figure 2. Rosemont Plantation in 1991 looking north toward the main documentation and to the house ruins and the large granite monument erected by the DAR in 1959. additional needs of archaeological conservation of recovered remains. igation of the Rosemont Plantation site The historical documents, while collected from a (38LU323) was conducted in December 1991 variety of repositories, were not synthesized and under the auspices of the Laurens County thus could not be readily used to support the Historical Society through a SC Department of archaeological research without this Archives and History (SCDAH) Survey and intervention. Planning Grant (Trinkley et al. 1992). A crew of four and the principal investigator conducted a In addition, Chicora Foundation total of 143.5 person hours of field undertook the excavation of four 5-foot units in investigations, including a reconnaissance level the main site area to better document site survey of approximately 23 acres of the main preservation and integrity, and artifact quantity plantation complex, an intensive survey of the 3 and variety. While not required by the initial acres comprising the main settlement area, and scope of work, these test excavations provided the mapping of the gardens and main essential support to justify the integrity of the settlement. plantation site. The project scope initially included In addition to the technical report on the mapping of "boxwoods" and "magnolias" which excavations, Chicora was also responsible for form the major pattern of the Rosemont gardens. preparing and submitting a National Register As work continued at the site it became clear nomination to the SCDAH, which was accepted, that the gardens were more complex than forwarded to the Keeper of the National originally anticipated by the historical society Register, and entered onto the National Register and SCDAH. As a result the mapping by on June 11, 1993. The report also provided the Chicora incorporated a larger area, as well as a Laurens County Historical Society with greater number and variety of plants. This recommendations concerning the long-term represents not only the first such research at an preservation of the site. upland plantation in South Carolina, but also the first time that the garden of any South Beyond these "preservation" oriented Carolina plantation has been intensively goals, we recognized that the research at studied. Rosemont provided an exceptional opportunity 2 INTRODUCTION to explore a piedmont plantation. In 1991 desire for lake property. A newly formed research at up country plantations was even organization, the Rosemont Preservation more scarce than today, of variable quality, and Society, has agreed to purchase 4.5 acres typically associated with compliance projects surrounding the main house, including the bulk where the site ceased to exist after the of the gardens, for $45,000 in the hopes of archaeological investigations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Octagon House and Mount Airy: Exploring the Intersection of Slavery, Social Values, and Architecture in 19Th-Century Washington, DC and Virginia
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2017 The Octagon House and Mount Airy: Exploring the Intersection of Slavery, Social Values, and Architecture in 19th-Century Washington, DC and Virginia Julianna Geralynn Jackson College of William and Mary, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Jackson, Julianna Geralynn, "The Octagon House and Mount Airy: Exploring the Intersection of Slavery, Social Values, and Architecture in 19th-Century Washington, DC and Virginia" (2017). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1516639577. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/S2V95T This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Octagon House and Mount Airy: Exploring the Intersection of Slavery, Social Values, and Architecture in 19th-Century Washington, DC and Virginia Julianna Geralynn Jackson Baldwin, Maryland Bachelor of Arts, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, 2012 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of The College of William & Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology College of William & Mary August, 2017 © Copyright by Julianna Geralynn Jackson 2017 ABSTRACT This project uses archaeology, architecture, and the documentary record to explore the ways in which one family, the Tayloes, used Georgian design principals as a way of exerting control over the 19th-century landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing Parterres on the Main City Squares
    https://doi.org/10.24867/GRID-2020-p66 Professional paper DESIGNING PARTERRES ON THE MAIN CITY SQUARES Milena Lakićević , Ivona Simić , Radenka Kolarov University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Novi Sad, Serbia Abstract: A “parterre” is a word originating from the French, with the meaning interpreted as “on the ground”. Nowadays, this term is widely used in landscape architecture terminology and depicts a ground- level space covered by ornamental plant material. The designing parterres are generally limited to the central city zones and entrances to the valuable architectonic objects, such as government buildings, courts, museums, castles, villas, etc. There are several main types of parterres set up in France, during the period of baroque, and the most famous one is the parterre type “broderie” with the most advanced styling pattern. Nowadays, French baroque parterres are adapted and communicate with contemporary landscape design styles, but some traits and characteristics of originals are still easily recognizable. In this paper, apart from presenting a short overview of designing parterres in general, the main focus is based on designing a new parterre on the main city square in the city of Bijeljina in the Republic of Srpska. The design concept relies on principles known in the history of landscape art but is, at the same time, adjusted to local conditions and space purposes. The paper presents the current design of the selected zone – parterre on the main city square in Bijeljina and proposes a new design strongly influenced by the “broderie” type of parterre. For creating a new design proposal we have used the following software AutoCad (for 2D drawings) and Realtime Landscaping Architect (for more advanced presentations and 3D previews).
    [Show full text]
  • The Edward Houstoun Plantation Tallahassee,Florida
    THE EDWARD HOUSTOUN PLANTATION TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA INCLUDING A DISCUSSION OF AN UNMARKED CEMETERY ON FORMER PLANTATION LANDS AT THE CAPITAL CITY COUNTRY CLUB Detail from Le Roy D. Ball’s 1883 map of Leon County showing land owned by the Houstoun family.1 JONATHAN G. LAMMERS APRIL, 2019 adlk jfal sk dj fsldkfj Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 The Houstoun Plantation ................................................................................................................................. 2 Edward Houstoun ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Patrick Houstoun ........................................................................................................................................... 6 George B. Perkins and the Golf Course .................................................................................................. 10 Golf Course Expansion Incorporates the Cemetery .......................................................................... 12 The Houstoun Plantation Cemetery ............................................................................................................. 15 Folk Burial Traditions ................................................................................................................................. 17 Understanding Slave Mortality ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Life of the Negro Slave in Alabama
    Jacksonville State University JSU Digital Commons Theses Theses, Dissertations & Graduate Projects 1971 The Life of the Negro Slave in Alabama Daniel B. Austin Jacksonville State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/etds_theses Part of the Labor History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Austin, Daniel B., "The Life of the Negro Slave in Alabama" (1971). Theses. 3. https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/etds_theses/3 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations & Graduate Projects at JSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of JSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE LIFE OF THE NEGRO SLAVE IN ALABAMA by Daniel B. Austin Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in education at the Jacksonville State University Jacksonville, Alabama 1971 THE LIFE OF THE NEGRO SLAVE IN ALABAMA Daniel B. Austin CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ' ·.1 (,) ,() / •: ,,,//f/\'.~<-2,.)< ~ J/1, U~l/(j.kV' Lucile Chapman, Ph.D. Roland A. Thorn Professor of History Professor of Ed Sponsor ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Dr. Lucile Chapman, Sponsor of this study, for her in­ terests, comments, and helpful counsel during the course of this study; to Dr. Alta Millican and Mrs. Margaret P. Williams of Ramona Wood Library for their invaluable assis­ tance in the procurement of the many reference materials used in this study; and to Mrs. Render Otwell of Carnegie Library. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES.
    [Show full text]
  • Palladio's Influence in America
    Palladio’s Influence In America Calder Loth, Senior Architectural Historian, Virginia Department of Historic Resources 2008 marks the 500th anniversary of Palladio’s birth. We might ask why Americans should consider this to be a cause for celebration. Why should we be concerned about an Italian architect who lived so long ago and far away? As we shall see, however, this architect, whom the average American has never heard of, has had a profound impact on the architectural image of our country, even the city of Baltimore. But before we investigate his influence we should briefly explain what Palladio’s career involved. Palladio, of course, designed many outstanding buildings, but until the twentieth century few Americans ever saw any of Palladio’s works firsthand. From our standpoint, Palladio’s most important achievement was writing about architecture. His seminal publication, I Quattro Libri dell’ Architettura or The Four Books on Architecture, was perhaps the most influential treatise on architecture ever written. Much of the material in that work was the result of Palladio’s extensive study of the ruins of ancient Roman buildings. This effort was part of the Italian Renaissance movement: the rediscovery of the civilization of ancient Rome—its arts, literature, science, and architecture. Palladio was by no means the only architect of his time to undertake such a study and produce a publication about it. Nevertheless, Palladio’s drawings and text were far more engaging, comprehendible, informative, and useful than similar efforts by contemporaries. As with most Renaissance-period architectural treatises, Palladio illustrated and described how to delineate and construct the five orders—the five principal types of ancient columns and their entablatures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Antebellum Houses of Hancock County, Georgia
    PRESERVING EARLY SOUTHERN ARCHITECTURE: THE ANTEBELLUM HOUSES OF HANCOCK COUNTY, GEORGIA by CATHERINE DREWRY COMER (Under the Direction of Wayde Brown) ABSTRACT Antebellum houses are a highly significant and irreplaceable cultural resource; yet in many cases, various factors lead to their slow deterioration with little hope for a financially viable way to restore them. In Hancock County, Georgia, intensive cultivation of cotton beginning in the 1820s led to a strong plantation economy prior to the Civil War. In the twenty-first century, however, Hancock has been consistently ranked among the stateʼs poorest counties. Surveying known and undocumented antebellum homes to determine their current condition, occupancy, and use allows for a clearer understanding of the outlook for the antebellum houses of Hancock County. Each of the antebellum houses discussed in this thesis tells a unique part of Hancockʼs history, which in turn helps historians better understand a vanished era in southern culture. INDEX WORDS: Historic preservation; Log houses; Transitional architecture; Greek Revival architecture; Antebellum houses; Antebellum plantations; Hancock County; Georgia PRESERVING EARLY SOUTHERN ARCHITECTURE: THE ANTEBELLUM HOUSES OF HANCOCK COUNTY, GEORGIA By CATHERINE DREWRY COMER B.S., Southern Methodist University, 2009 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION ATHENS, GEORGIA 2016 © 2016 Catherine Drewry Comer All Rights Reserved PRESERVING EARLY SOUTHERN ARCHITECTURE: THE ANTEBELLUM HOUSES OF HANCOCK COUNTY, GEORGIA by CATHERINE DREWRY COMER Major Professor: Wayde Brown Committee: Mark Reinberger Scott Messer Rick Joslyn Electronic Version Approved: Suzanne Barbour Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I want to thank my family and friends for supporting me throughout graduate school.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic House Museums
    HISTORIC HOUSE MUSEUMS Alabama • Arlington Antebellum Home & Gardens (Birmingham; www.birminghamal.gov/arlington/index.htm) • Bellingrath Gardens and Home (Theodore; www.bellingrath.org) • Gaineswood (Gaineswood; www.preserveala.org/gaineswood.aspx?sm=g_i) • Oakleigh Historic Complex (Mobile; http://hmps.publishpath.com) • Sturdivant Hall (Selma; https://sturdivanthall.com) Alaska • House of Wickersham House (Fairbanks; http://dnr.alaska.gov/parks/units/wickrshm.htm) • Oscar Anderson House Museum (Anchorage; www.anchorage.net/museums-culture-heritage-centers/oscar-anderson-house-museum) Arizona • Douglas Family House Museum (Jerome; http://azstateparks.com/parks/jero/index.html) • Muheim Heritage House Museum (Bisbee; www.bisbeemuseum.org/bmmuheim.html) • Rosson House Museum (Phoenix; www.rossonhousemuseum.org/visit/the-rosson-house) • Sanguinetti House Museum (Yuma; www.arizonahistoricalsociety.org/museums/welcome-to-sanguinetti-house-museum-yuma/) • Sharlot Hall Museum (Prescott; www.sharlot.org) • Sosa-Carrillo-Fremont House Museum (Tucson; www.arizonahistoricalsociety.org/welcome-to-the-arizona-history-museum-tucson) • Taliesin West (Scottsdale; www.franklloydwright.org/about/taliesinwesttours.html) Arkansas • Allen House (Monticello; http://allenhousetours.com) • Clayton House (Fort Smith; www.claytonhouse.org) • Historic Arkansas Museum - Conway House, Hinderliter House, Noland House, and Woodruff House (Little Rock; www.historicarkansas.org) • McCollum-Chidester House (Camden; www.ouachitacountyhistoricalsociety.org) • Miss Laura’s
    [Show full text]
  • Tallahassee, Florida. 19
    Kerce, Red (Benjamin L.), 1911-1964. Vine covered column ruins of Verdura plantation - Tallahassee, Florida. 19--. Black & white photoprint. State Archives of Florida, Florida Memory. https://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/44417 59 Vitruvio International journal of Architecture Technology and Sustainability Volume 2 Is 1 Plantation Houses of North Florida Eduardo Robles 1 1 Florida A&M University, School of Architecture and EngineeringTechnology ABSTRACT The concept of Plantation conjures an image that identifies the North Florida / South Georgia region of the U. S. Leon County attracted many cotton planters from Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina in the 1820’s to the 1850’s. Up to the beginning of the Civil War, Leon County was the 5th largest producer of cotton counting all counties from Florida and Georgia. The Civil War brought the plantation culture to a standstill. The plantations transformed the environment based on their need for open fields in which to cultivate different crops, or raise a variety of animals with the help of slaves. From the 1900’s many plantations abandoned their land to nature producing a deep change in the local landscape. Today plantations are not used as much for planting crops but more for hunting or as tree farms. The hunting plantations do not grow crops but provide good conditions for the hunting of animals and birds. Other plantations were torn apart, sold and now are part of the Tallahassee urban fabric. In other words, they disappeared. The transformation of the plantations has been slow and steady, and has become the image of the area, even the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Representing Slavery at Oakland Plantation
    REPRESENTING SLAVERY AT OAKLAND PLANTATION, A NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HISTORIC SITE IN CANE RIVER CREOLE NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK, LOUISIANA by NELL ZIEHL (Under the Direction of Ian Firth) ABSTRACT This paper provides a framework for slavery interpretation at Oakland Plantation, a National Park Service site that is part of the Cane River Creole National Historical Park in Louisiana. The analysis discusses modes of interpretation; evaluation of primary source material, with an emphasis on historic structures, cultural landscapes, and archaeology; evaluations and recommendations for the use of secondary source material; and interpretive strategies that can be applied to any site dealing with the issue of slavery representation. The paper also includes a discussion of select themes and issues related to slavery interpretation, such as contemporary racism, class oppression, the plantation system in the Southeast, and the historiography of slavery scholarship. INDEX WORDS: Museum interpretation, Southern history, African-American history, Slavery, Historic preservation, Plantations, Louisiana history REPRESENTING SLAVERY AT OAKLAND PLANTATION, A NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HISTORIC SITE IN CANE RIVER CREOLE NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK, LOUISIANA by NELL M. H. ZIEHL A.B., Bryn Mawr College, 1997 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION ATHENS, GEORGIA 2003 © 2003 Nell Ziehl All Rights Reserved REPRESENTING SLAVERY AT OAKLAND PLANTATION,
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Annual Report
    The Friends of The Frelinghuysen Arboretum 2018-2019 ANNUAL REPORT A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT In April 2019 I was asked to make a presentation to the Morris County Park Commissioners about “who the Friends of Frelinghuysen Arboretum are and what they do.” Barbara Shepard, President of the MCPC Board, noted that there were several new commissioners who did not know much about the Frelinghuysen Arboretum (FA) and its support group. This request motivated me to combine the highlights of the Friends’ history (from a draft by past President Sally Hemsen) with a summary of the Friends’ financial contributions to the MCPC since inception in 1973, with some amazing results. The Friends’ grants and donations to the MCPC can be broadly categorized as support for Facilities (Frelinghuysen, Bamboo Brook, Willowwood, and Tourne Park), Plants & Gardens, Programs & Events, and Staff Support. To cite some major support for Facilities, the Friends gave (in round numbers) $50,000 for the renovation of the Haggerty Education Center auditorium and lobby, $156,000 for garden infrastructure projects at the FA, $40,000 for preservation of the Rare Books collection, and $55,000 for the hardscape restoration at Bamboo Brook, to name just a few from a total of nearly $450,000. Donations for Plants & Gardens were $31,000; for Programs & Events--$81,000; and for Staff Support--$137,000. Total grants and donations since 1973 were nearly $700,000, and this figure does not include support for several staff positions through the years, nor the scholarships which have been presented annually since 1977. The actual total is probably close to $1 million.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Gardening
    Hist ory of Gardening 600-850 HE COLOR OF RIPE TOMATOES, the juicy tang of a peach, the Tgreen evenness of a lawn, the sweet scent of lilies and lilacs… Summer is the time for gardeners, and this exhibit celebrates the season with a select ion of books on several diff erent types of garden- ing. From antiquity to the present, interest in gardens has generated a steady supply of books on plants, planting advice, and landscape design. Th is exhibit focuses on gardening in the seventeenth, eigh- teenth, and nineteenth centuries, taking into account formal es- tate gardens, kitchen gardens, tree nurseries, and other plantings. Gardeners during this period ranged from aristocratic hobbyists and landowners to the more humbly born professional grounds- keepers hired to manage estates both great and small. Hybridizers and botanists introduced exciting new varieties of fruits, vegetables, and fl owers into gardens across the Europe and the Americas. In England, fi gures like “Capability” Brown and Humphry Repton made names for themselves as landscape architect s on a grand scale, while botanists and nurserymen like William Curtis and Leonard Meager contributed to the gardener’s stock of pract ical information on specifi c plants. From the proper way to prune fruit trees to the fashionable layout of a great estate, these books record how gardeners select ed, planned, and cared for their plantings. Viewers are invited to read, enjoy, and imagine the colors, fl avors, sights and smells of summers long past. e Kitchen Garden ITCHENITCHEN gardens were the heart of rural food produc- Ktion, wherewhere everythingeverything fromfrom the tenderesttenderest peaches and plums to the hardiest cabbage and kale were grown.
    [Show full text]
  • New French Formal Gardens
    TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 3 I - HISTORY .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1 - The Château’s Surroundings in the 16 th Century ........................................................................ 4 2 - The Major Projects of the 17 th Century ........................................................................................ 4 3 - Completion of the Parterre in the 18 th Century ........................................................................... 5 4 - The Steady Disappearance of the Garden .................................................................................. 7 II – SCIENTIFIC APPROACH ........................................................................................................... 8 1 - A Methodical and Scientific Investigation .................................................................................. 8 2 - Historical Research (2003–2014) .................................................................................................. 8 3 - Archaeological and Geophysical Surface Surveys (2013–2014) .................................................. 8 4 - Planned Archaeological Digs (2016) ............................................................................................ 9 III – COMPOSITION OF FRENCH FORMAL GARDENS ........................................................
    [Show full text]