DOCSLIB.ORG

Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1999

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1999 S. HRG. 105±817 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1999 HEARINGS BEFORE A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION ON H.R. 4193/S. 2237 AN ACT MAKING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF THE IN- TERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1999, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Department of Agriculture Department of the Interior General Accounting Office National Endowment for the Arts National Endowment for the Humanities Nondepartmental witnesses Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 46±102 cc WASHINGTON : 1999 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402 ISBN 0±16±057987±2 1 COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS TED STEVENS, Alaska, Chairman THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont SLADE GORTON, Washington DALE BUMPERS, Arkansas MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey CONRAD BURNS, Montana TOM HARKIN, Iowa RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire HARRY REID, Nevada ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah HERB KOHL, Wisconsin BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado PATTY MURRAY, Washington LARRY CRAIG, Idaho BYRON DORGAN, North Dakota LAUCH FAIRCLOTH, North Carolina BARBARA BOXER, California KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas STEVEN J. CORTESE, Staff Director LISA SUTHERLAND, Deputy Staff Director JAMES H. ENGLISH, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES SLADE GORTON, Washington, Chairman TED STEVENS, Alaska ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico DALE BUMPERS, Arkansas CONRAD BURNS, Montana ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah HARRY REID, Nevada JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire BYRON DORGAN, North Dakota BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado BARBARA BOXER, California Professional Staff BRUCE EVANS GINNY JAMES ANNE MCINERNEY KEVIN JOHNSON (II) C O N T E N T S WEDNESDAY, MARCH 26, 1998 Page National Endowment for the Arts .......................................................................... 1 National Endowment for the Humanities ............................................................. 27 WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1998 Department of the Interior: Office of the Secretary ............................................. 39 TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 1998 General Accounting Office ...................................................................................... 231 Department of the Interior: Bureau of Indian Affairs .......................................... 231 THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 1998 Department of Agriculture: Forest Service ............................................................ 309 Nondepartmental witnesses .................................................................................... 443 (III) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND RELAT- ED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR FIS- CAL YEAR 1999 WEDNESDAY, MARCH 26, 1998 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, Washington, DC. The subcommittee met at 9:30 a.m., in room SD±124, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Slade Gorton (chairman) presiding. Present: Senators Gorton, Cochran, Bennett, Gregg, and Bump- ers. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS STATEMENTS OF: HON. KATHRYN O'LEARY HIGGINS, ACTING CHAIRMAN; DEPUTY SECRETARY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR SCOTT SHANKLIN-PETERSON, SENIOR DEPUTY CHAIRMAN BUDGET REQUEST Senator GORTON. I would like to call this hearing on the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Hu- manities to order. Those of you who are repeat visitors at these hearings will note a slightly smaller attendance this year than last. Partly, that is due to the fact that there are competing Appropriations Committee hearings this morning, including one in which I am interested, that have drawn others. Partly, I believe it stems from the impression that the appropriation for the National Endowment for the Arts this year, at least, is somewhat less controversial than it was a year ago and maybe, I may say, due to the fact that we do not have a permanent head of that Endowment at this point. That may be modestly good news for the defenders of the Na- tional Endowment for the Arts, though it still is a controversial agency out of all proportion to the share of the budget that it occu- pies. I think that Jane Alexander and the people who worked with her did a great deal of very good work in meeting the objections of many thoughtful people to the way in which the Arts Endow- ment was being handled and have certainly dramatically reduced, together with instructions from the Congress, the number of grants that were objectionable to a large number of the American people. I regard that as a major step forward in the work that we do here, much of which has been left up to this subcommittee and the fault of any action on an authorization bill for the National Endow- (1) 2 ment for the Arts. So, I commend the Endowment for the intel- ligent way in which it has operated over the course of the last sev- eral years. I can say that it will be very difficult to provide any significant increase in the appropriation for either of the Endowments this year. Last year, an agreement on the budget was made with the President that froze discretionary spending essentially over a 5- year period. The President has found a way to wiggle out of that commitment, but he is not going meet agreement on the part of the Congress in that connection. The budget resolution that will be de- bated next week does, in fact, call for a freeze. I do not know yet what the precise allocation to this subcommit- tee will be after the budget resolution is passed, but we are operat- ing on the assumption that it will be approximately the same num- ber of dollars as last year. You can see, if your eyes are extraordinarily good [laughter] the chart there on my left, which indicates the general division of the amounts of money that are available to this subcommittee. The long green line on the left represents the various activities we fund in management of public lands: our parks, our forests, our Bureau of Land Management. The blue are the Indian activities that are funded through this subcommittee. The purple, science activities. The orange, the portions of the Department of Energy, mostly re- search, that this subcommittee deals with. The next to the last one on the right, the dark blue there, are the cultural activities, includ- ing things like the Smithsonian, for which we are almost solely re- sponsible, and the Endowments. That is perhaps the best illustration I can give of the fact that the amounts of money that we are talking about are very dis- proportionate to the amount of interest that they create in the pub- lic as a whole. But we do want to give an opportunity today for a report on the stewardship of the Endowment in the last year and its plans for the coming year. PREPARED STATEMENT OF SENATOR BARBARA BOXER We have received a statement from Senator Boxer which will be included in the record at this point. [The statement follows:] PREPARED STATEMENT OF SENATOR BARBARA BOXER I am very pleased that the President has requested $136 million for the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) for fiscal year 1999. This reflects an increase of 39 percentÐapproximately $38 millionÐin the Endowment's current budget of $98 mil- lion. I strongly support this increased funding level. This increase would be used to support programs to target under-represented states, to support national leadership initiatives, and to support partnerships with state and regional arts organizations. They reflect the Endowment's efforts to con- tinue to bring the arts to Americans in every state across the country. Federal funding for the NEA is an investment in the education of our children, the strength of our economy, the preservation of our nation's cultural legacy, and the quality of American life. The NEA makes the arts accessible to all Americans, not just to those who are in cities or who can afford it. The NEA is a great investment. For less than 38 cents per American each yearÐ practically the price of a postage stampÐthe NEA helps bring culture, dance, music, and art to all Americans. 3 For every $1 in grant awards, the NEA is able to leverage $12 by requiring arts organizations and artists to match NEA funds with funds from state and local agen- cies, foundations, corporations, and individuals. Public funding of arts is good for the economy. In San Diego, California, arts and culture spending generated $6.4 million in taxes to the city and state, and contrib- uted almost $68 million to the San Diego economy. A recent study conducted by McKinsey consultants for New York City concluded that more government money should be spent on the arts because it generates taxes, jobs and economic growth far in excess of the amounts invested. There are several projects in my state of California which I believe represent the importance and promise of the NEA. In Long Beach, NEA funding supports an initiative by the city's Public Corpora- tion for the Arts to identify local traditional artists and to develop a series of folk arts presentations in the Long Beach area. A terrific example of public-private partnership launched with NEA funding is the California Cultural Tourism Coalition Initiative, an innovative program designed to promote San Diego, Los Angeles and San Francisco as cultural destinations through three-to-five day itineraries in each city. This NEA project is fostering exciting new collaborations among the cultural community, the tourism industry, and local hotels and restaurants. In Los Angeles, a group called Inner-City Arts is creating an arts education pro- gram for children in grades two through six in the public schools.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • One Hamburger at a Time
    “One Hamburger at a Time”: Revisiting the State-Society Divide with the Seminole Tribe of Florida and Hard Rock international: with CA comments by Thabo Mokgatlha and Kgosi Leruo Molotlegi Author(s): Jessica R. Cattelino Source: Current Anthropology, Vol. 52, No. S3, Corporate Lives: New Perspectives on the Social Life of the Corporate Form: Edited by Damani J. Partridge, Marina Welker, and Rebecca Hardin (Supplement to April 2011), pp. S137-S149 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/656556 . Accessed: 22/04/2011 15:01 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucpress. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention & Recovery
    Living Proud & Culturally Strong IN THIS ISSUE - TABLE OF CONTENTS FALL2012 BACK TO 1 - Young Leaders Shaping Communities SCHOOL 3 - The Tribal Law & Order Act 4 - The Bureau of Indian Education Prevention - Youth Council 5 - Family & Child Education 6 - U.S. Cabinet Member Visits Reservation &A Multi-Agency Recovery Alcohol and Substance Abuse 7 - Events/Resources & Services Prevention Collaboration 8 - Sam Uley, Strengthening Our Nation - Announcements “To the Creator: Give us the strength, the courage, the compassion, and the confidence to do the 9 right thing.” --Pete Conway, Billings IHS Director [At the Billings Child Protection Conference 4/20/10] - Violence Against Women Act AND 12 Helpful Links A Quarterly Newsletter Volume 2, Number 1 Fall 2012 Enrich Young Leaders Shaping Their Communities Penobscot to Qagan Tayagungin—to en- gage in a weeklong program under a theme inspired by Native youth from previous summits, 2010 and 2011, Young Leaders Shaping Their Communities. The 2012 National Intertribal Youth Summit, hosted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice, was planned by a team of Federal partners, including more than 25 offices from within 11 Federal agencies, including the Executive Office of the President, the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Justice, U.S. Census Bureau, the Office of National Drug Control Policy, the Environment and Natural Resources Division, the U.S. Small Business Administration’s Office of Indian Affairs, and the Corporation for National and Community Service. Two Group photo in front of the 4-H Youth Conference Center non-Federal partners, the Casey Family Programs and the Center for Native Photo courtesy of Sarah Pearson American Youth at the Aspen Institute also participated in Summit planning.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Tracing American Indian & Alaska Native Ancestry
    U.S. Department of the Interior A Guide to Tracing American Indian & Alaska Native Ancestry Office of Public Affairs-Indian Affairs 1849 C Street, N.W., MS-3658-MIB Washington, D.C. 20240 202-208-3710 www.indianaffairs.gov Establishing American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) Ancestry There are many reasons why a person will seek to establish his or her ancestry as that of AI/AN. One may be because the person wants to become an enrolled member of a federally recognized tribe. Another may be a desire to verify a family tradition or belief that has been passed down from generation to generation, whether based on fact or fiction, that he or she descends from an AI/AN person or tribal community. Another could be a desire only to learn more about a family’s history. Another may be to establish eligibility for public or private sector services or benefits that are believed to be provided only to persons who are AI/AN. When establishing descent from an AI/AN tribe for membership and enrollment purposes, however, an individual must provide genealogical documentation that supports his or her claim of such ancestry from a specific tribe or tribal community. Such documentation must prove that the individual is a lineal descendent of an individual whose name can be found on the tribal membership roll of the federally recognized tribe from which the individual is claiming descent and is seeking to enroll. If the end goal for doing such research is to help you determine if you are eligible for membership in a tribe, you must be able to: 1) establish that you have a lineal ancestor – biological parent, grandparent, great-grandparent and/or more distant ancestor – who is an American Indian or Alaska Native person from a federally recognized tribe in the U.S., 2) identify which tribe (or tribes) your ancestor was a member of or affiliated with, and 3) document your relationship to that person using vital statistics records and other records a tribe may require or accept for purposes of enrollment.
    [Show full text]
  • MOOREFIELD EXAMINER and Hardy County News
    ESTABLISHED 1845 MOOREFIELD EXAMINER and Hardy County News USPS 362-300 www.moorefieldexaminer.com VOLUME 120 - NUMBER 26 MOOREFIELD, HARDY COUNTY, W.VA., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29, 2011 TWO SECTIONS - 20 PAGES 94¢ County Gets Grant to Help Four Bald Eagles Shot - Those Lost in the Woods Reward for Information By Jean A. Flanagan mented as he voted to approve the The commission approved replac- Moorefield Examiner resolution designating the commis- ing the entire roof with a 20-year war- Officials are seeking assistance the extent of trauma, the eagle was one year in federal prison. A reward sion president as administrator of the ranty. Because the leaking roof was from the public with the investiga- later euthanized. of up to $2,500 is offered to the per- For years, Diane Hypes has been grant. deemed an emergency, the contract tions into the shootings of four bald Also in January, a dead bald eagle son or persons who provide informa- volunteering her time and energy to was not sent out for bid. eagles in West Virginia. From Janu- was found along the South Branch of tion that leads to a conviction. W.Va. clear trails in the George Washington Vehicle Bids ary to April of this year, four bald ea- the Potomac River along River Road state law provides for fines of $500 to National Forest, a portion of which The commission opened sealed OEM/911 Center Update gles were found shot in the state, two near Fisher. $5,000 and/or up to one-year impris- runs through Hardy County.
    [Show full text]
  • BROKEN PROMISES: Continuing Federal Funding Shortfall for Native Americans
    U.S. COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS BROKEN PROMISES: Continuing Federal Funding Shortfall for Native Americans BRIEFING REPORT U.S. COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS Washington, DC 20425 Official Business DECEMBER 2018 Penalty for Private Use $300 Visit us on the Web: www.usccr.gov U.S. COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights is an independent, Catherine E. Lhamon, Chairperson bipartisan agency established by Congress in 1957. It is Patricia Timmons-Goodson, Vice Chairperson directed to: Debo P. Adegbile Gail L. Heriot • Investigate complaints alleging that citizens are Peter N. Kirsanow being deprived of their right to vote by reason of their David Kladney race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national Karen Narasaki origin, or by reason of fraudulent practices. Michael Yaki • Study and collect information relating to discrimination or a denial of equal protection of the laws under the Constitution Mauro Morales, Staff Director because of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin, or in the administration of justice. • Appraise federal laws and policies with respect to U.S. Commission on Civil Rights discrimination or denial of equal protection of the laws 1331 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW because of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or Washington, DC 20425 national origin, or in the administration of justice. (202) 376-8128 voice • Serve as a national clearinghouse for information TTY Relay: 711 in respect to discrimination or denial of equal protection of the laws because of race, color, www.usccr.gov religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. • Submit reports, findings, and recommendations to the President and Congress.
    [Show full text]
  • AN ABSTRACT of the THESIS of Sean Michael
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Sean Michael Graves for the Master of Arts In American History presented on August 14, 2001 Title: Lay Me Down and Save the Flag: The Life of Colonel James A. Mulligan. Abstract approved, ~e--.q r;;. ~ Ethnic units were a prominent feature of American Civil War armies on both sides. Much history and myth surrounds, in particular, the role of the Irish in the war. They were politically opposed to President Lincoln and the Republican Party, they were prejudiced against African-Americans, and Anglo-Americans discriminated against them. The Civil War did not completely resolve these issues. However, understanding the Irish experience in the war is essential to understanding the American experience of the war. Colonel James A. Mulligan commanded the 23 rd Illinois Infantry Regiment, also known as the Chicago Irish Brigade, during the Civil War. Although he was not born in Ireland, Mulligan was an ardent supporter of the country and its people. He also tried to improve the poor image Americans had of Irish immigrants. When the Civil War began, Mulligan saw an opportunity for the Irish to gain greater acceptance in American society. Consequently, he and other prominent Irish-Americans in Chicago organized an all-Irish regiment. The men of the regiment elected Mulligan as their colonel and commanding officer. Colonel Mulligan and his Irish Brigade distinguished themselves wherever they served t from Missouri to West Virginia t during the war. His experience with them alone provides valuable insight to the Irish role in the war. However t Mulligan was Irish-American and he was raised in an affluent home.
    [Show full text]
  • An Early History of Simpson County, Mississippi by Bee King
    An Early History of Simpson County, Mississippi by Bee King Compiled by Frances B. Krechel AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED TO: Mrs. L. H. Holyfield (Beulah Boggan) (Electronic version prepared by NP Computers for Mendenhall Public Library, Lu Ann Bailey Librarian) Due to her life-long (b. 1893) interest, and being a native Mississippian, Miss Beulah has gathered together many historical articles and books, and it is basically from this remarkable and vast collection that the enclosed material has been taken, her love of Mississippi history proved to be contagious. So it is with deep appreciation and a sincere “Thank You” for the special help and encouragement, that another chapter has been added to the extensive recording of the state’s heritage. Miss Beulah has also meticulously and lovingly chronicled the names and dates of her Boggan and related families and it is through this mutual family connection that the compiler became interested in the events concerning the early days. All of the stories have been selected from a series of articles written by the late Bee King, who was a well- known lawyer, historian and writer. The Simpson County News began running the series in their weekly newspaper in 1937 and continued until 1948. Mr. King’s writings are a graphic presentation of the life and times of early Simpson County. He interviewed the elderly citizens through out the area and uniquely recorded for posterity the experiences of the people in day to day living. The picture shows Mr. King in his office when he was Mayor of Mendenhall, the county seat of Simpson County.
    [Show full text]
  • Where to Go Camping Guidebook
    2010 Greater Alabama Council Where to Go Camp ing Guidebook Published by the COOSA LODGE WHERE TO GO CAMPING GUIDE Table of Contents In Council Camps 2 High Adventure Bases 4 Alabama State Parks 7 Georgia State Parks 15 Mississippi State Parks 18 Tennessee State Parks 26 Wildlife Refuge 40 Points of Interest 40 Wetlands 41 Places to Hike 42 Sites to See 43 Maps 44 Order of the Arrow 44 Future/ Wiki 46 Boy Scouts Camps Council Camps CAMPSITES Each Campsite is equipped with a flagpole, trashcan, faucet, and latrine (Except Eagle and Mountain Goat) with washbasin. On the side of the latrine is a bulletin board that the troop can use to post assignments, notices, and duty rosters. Camp Comer has two air-conditioned shower and restroom facilities for camp-wide use. Patrol sites are pre-established in each campsite. Most campsites have some Adarondaks that sleep four and tents on platforms that sleep two. Some sites may be occupied by more than one troop. Troops are encouraged to construct gateways to their campsites. The Hawk Campsite is a HANDICAPPED ONLY site, if you do not have a scout or leader that is handicapped that site will not be available. There are four troop / campsites; each campsite has a latrine, picnic table and fire ring. Water may be obtained at spigots near the pavilion. Garbage is disposed of at the Tannehill trash dumpster. Each unit is responsible for providing its trash bags and taking garbage to the trash dumpster. The campsites have a number and a name. Make reservations at a Greater Alabama Council Service Center; be sure to specify the campsite or sites desired.
    [Show full text]
  • JOURNAL HOUSE of DELEGATES
    West Virginia Legislature JOURNAL of the HOUSE of DELEGATES Eightieth Legislature Second Regular Session Held at Charleston Published by the Clerk of the House Friday, February 3, 2012 TWENTY-FOURTH DAY 2012] HOUSE OF DELEGATES 395 n Friday, February 3, 2012 TWENTY-FOURTH DAY [ M R . S PEAKER, MR. THOMPSON, IN THE CHAIR] The House of Delegates met at 11:00 A.M., and was called to order by the Honorable Rick Thompson, Speaker. Prayer was offered and the House was led in recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance. The Clerk proceeded to read the Journal of Thursday, February 2, 2012, being the first order of business, when the further reading thereof was dispensed with and the same approved. COMMITTEE REPORTS Chairman Staggers, from the Committee on Roads and Transportation, submitted the following report, which was received: Your Committee on Roads and Transportation has had under consideration: H. B. 4230, State police, modified vehicle inspection manual, And reports the same back, with amendment, with the recommendation that it do pass, as amended, but that it first be referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. 3 9 6 J OURNAL OF THE [FEBRUARY 3 In accordance with the former direction of the Speaker, the bill (H. B. 4230) was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Chairman Moore, from the Committee on Banking and Insurance, submitted the following report, which was received: Your Committee on Banking and Insurance has had under consideration: S. B. 224, Renaming Division of Banking as Division of Financial Institutions, And reports the same back with the recommendation that it do pass, but that it first be referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Peoples/First Nations Fact Sheet for the Poor Peoples Campaign
    Indigenous Peoples/First Nations Fact Sheet For the Poor Peoples Campaign “Who will find peace with the lands? The future of humankind lies waiting for those who will come to understand their lives and take up their responsibilities to all living things. Who will listen to the trees, the animals and birds, the voices of the places of the land? As the long forgotten peoples of the respective continents rise and begin to reclaim their ancient heritage, they will discover the meaning of the lands of their ancestors. That is when the invaders of North American continent will finally discover that for this land, God is red”. Vine Deloria Jr., God Is Red Indigenous Peoples and their respective First Nations are not only place-based peoples relationally connected to their traditional homelands, but have their own distinctive cultures, traditions, and pre-colonial and colonial histories since European contact.1 The World Bank 2020 Report states the global Indigenous population is 476 million people, or 6% of the world’s population, live in over 90 countries, and through the cultural practices of traditional ecological knowledge, protect about 80% of the world’s remaining biodiversity2. Within the United States (U.S.), Native Americans/American Indians/Alaska Natives/Native Hawaiians comprise about 2% of the entire United States population. There are, indeed, more than 6.9 million Native Americans and Alaska Natives3, and in 2019, there were 1.9 million Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders4. Within the U.S., there are 574 federally recognized Indian nations, 62 state-recognized Indian nations5, and hundreds of non-federally and non-state recognized Native American nations6.
    [Show full text]
  • Archives NEWS History
    WEST VIRGINIA Archives and History NEWS From the Editor: VOLUME XIII, No. 5 Always remember there is a difference between history and historical JULY 2012 dramatization, and within history itself, often a difference between interpretations of primary source records and extrapolation of possible events and actions implied by those records or the known personal Archives and History News natures of the subjects, but not actually recorded. Even the best is available on the historian will have personal prejudices and theories that consciously or subconsciously shape the choice of what part of a topic to write, and what Archives and History Web site http://www.wvculture.org/history/ evidence to use and what to discard as unreliable. Unless a production is ahnews/ahnews.html billed as a documentary or the book classified as non-fiction, authors and scriptwriters are free to invent dialogue never spoken, describe events that never occurred, and even to ignore proven fact in favor of improving their storyline and action. Enjoy the movies, television programs and novels, but do not accept them as history. Archives Photo Gallery Online Since September 2009 West Virginia wvculture.org/history/picoftheweek/ exhibit is about to be replaced, so the Archives and History has been picsoftheweek1.html. Some have outgoing exhibit images are already displaying themed selections from been chosen for their humor, some online. Please direct questions and the Archives Photograph Collection for historic significance, and others comments about the Photo Gallery in an exhibit area off the Great Hall for their striking photography. images by e-mail to photo archivist in the Culture Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Appalachian Gateway Communities Initiative an Assessment And
    Appalachian Gateway Communities Initiative An Assessment and Recommendations Report for Natural and Cultural Heritage Tourism Development in Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area Alabama Funded by the National Endowment Appalachian Regional for the Arts Commission November 2011 Report prepared by ® Heritage Tourism Program National Trust for Historic Preservation Carolyn Brackett, Senior Program Associate Conservation Leadership Network The Conservation Fund Katie Allen, Training Associate The Appalachian Regional Commission’s mission is to be a strategic partner and advocate for sustainable community and economic development in Appalachia. The Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) is a regional economic development agency that represents a partnership of federal, state, and local government. Established by an act of Congress in 1965, ARC is composed of the governors of the 13 Appalachian states and a federal co-chair, who is appointed by the president. ARC funds projects that address the four goals identified in the Commission's strategic plan: 1. Increase job opportunities and per capita income in Appalachia to reach parity with the nation. 2. Strengthen the capacity of the people of Appalachia to compete in the global economy. 3. Develop and improve Appalachia's infrastructure to make the Region economically competitive. 4. Build the Appalachian Development Highway System to reduce Appalachia's isolation. www.arc.gov The National Endowment for the Arts was established by Congress in 1965 as an independent agency of the federal government. To date, the NEA has awarded more than $4 billion to support artistic excellence, creativity, and innovation for the benefit of individuals and communities. The NEA extends its work through partnerships with state arts agencies, local leaders, other federal agencies, and the philanthropic sector.
    [Show full text]