Greenville, City Of, Historic Resources Survey (2018)
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Community Development Division Community Development March 2018 March City of Greenville, South Carolina HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY CITY OF GREENVILLE HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY MARCH 2018 Prepared for: City of Greenville 206 South Main Street Greenville, SC 29601 Prepared by: WLA Studio 675 Pulaski Street, Suite 1000 Athens, GA 30601 HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY • 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 01 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................ 1 SURVEY METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 2 RESEARCH AND REPORT METHODOLOGY .......................................................... 2 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT ............................................................................. 4 DOCUMENTATION AND FIELDWORK ................................................................. 5 02 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 9 EARLY HISTORY AND SETTLEMENT .................................................................... 9 ESTABLISHMENT OF GREENVILLE .................................................................... 13 ANTEBELLUM AND CIVIL WAR PERIOD ............................................................ 16 TURN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ................................................................ 24 POST‐WORLD WAR II ...................................................................................... 30 03 NEIGHBORHOOD PROFILES VILLAGE OF WEST GREENVILLE ........................................................................ 34 WEST END ...................................................................................................... 39 GREATER SULLIVAN ........................................................................................ 43 NICHOLTOWN ................................................................................................ 47 NORTH MAIN ................................................................................................. 51 STONE ACADEMY ........................................................................................... 53 CLEVELAND PARK ........................................................................................... 57 PARKINS MILL ................................................................................................ 59 iii 04 PHYSICAL EVOLUTION OF THE SURVEY AREAS AND THE CITY OF GREENVILLE ORIGINS OF THE CITY (1770‐1870) .................................................................. 61 INDUSTRY AND GROWTH OF GREENVILLE (1870‐1935) .................................... 68 SUBURBAN EXPANSION OF GREENVILLE (1925‐1970) ...................................... 73 05 ANALYSIS OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY SYNOPSIS ....................................................................................................... 79 1830‐1905 ORIGINS OF RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURAL STYLES ......................... 80 TURN OF THE CENTURY STYLES OF RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE ...................... 82 1905‐1930 STYLES OF RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE ......................................... 83 POST‐WAR ERA HOUSING .............................................................................. 86 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE .............................................. 88 06 RECOMMENDATIONS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 91 SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR’S STANDARDS OF INTEGRITY ............................. 91 NATIONAL REGISTER CRITERIA ........................................................................ 92 OVERLAY ZONING ........................................................................................... 93 EVOLUTION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL STYLES OF THE HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY (1860‐1960) ....................................................................................... 96 NRHP ELIGIBLE PROPERTIES IDENTIFIED DURING THE SURVEY ......................... 98 POTENTIALLY ELIGBIBLE NATIONAL REGISTER DISTRICTS ............................... 109 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POTENTIAL OVERLAY DISTRICTS ........................... 115 POTENTIAL HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORTS .................................................. 123 POTENTIAL CULTURAL LANDSCAPE REPORTS ................................................. 123 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION ............................................. 123 HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY • 2017 RECOMMENDED INDIVIDUALLY ELIGIBLE HISTORIC SITES OUTSIDE THE SURVEY SCOPE .......................................................................................................... 124 OTHER AREAS FOR FUTURE SURVEY .............................................................. 124 POTENTIAL FUTURE DESIGNATION ............................................................... 126 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN GREENVILLE ............. 127 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES APPENDIX I: HISTORIC MAP REFERENCES APPENDIX II: HISTORIC PLAT MAPS APPENDIX III: COMPILED INVENTORY OF SURVEYED PROPERTIES APPENDIX IV: SHPO CORRESPONDENCE v HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY • 2017 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Plat of Pleasantburg, circa 1797 (Crittenden, 29) ........................................................................................ 15 Figure 2: Portion of Robert Mill’s Atlas of Greenville County 1825 (Library of Congress) ............................ 17 Figure 3: Views of the 1907 courthouse (left) and the 1825 courthouse, designed by Mills (right) (Beautifying Greenville, 22) ...................................................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 4: New Greenville City Hall built in 1879 (Lenthem, page 57) ..................................................................... 22 Figure 5: View of Main Street with powerlines and streetcars, circa 1910 (Crittenden, 5) ........................... 23 Figure 6: Portrait of Alester Furman (Huff, 352‐353. .................................................................................................... 25 Figure 7: The Kelsey and Guild City Improvement Map of Greenville, 1907 (Beautifying Greenville. ...... 26 Figure 8: Postcard views of Main Street during World War I circa 1917 (Ashmore, 114) ............................. 28 Figure 9: View of Main Street in Greenville, circa 1940 (Ashmore, 152) ............................................................... 32 Figure 10: Portion of a Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, 1928 ......................................................................................... 37 Figure 11: Portion of a Sanborn Fire Insruance Map, 1961 ......................................................................................... 37 Figure 12.Photo of the historic Sterling School (Ashmore, Greenville, Woven from the Past, 271) ............. 67 Figure 13: 1905 depiction of the streetcar, crossing the Reedy River (Odum, 9) .............................................. 54 Figure 14. 1908 photograph of Violet Hill (Odum, 13) .................................................................................................. 57 Figure 15: Westfield Street High School (Jeffry R. Willis, Remembering Greenville Photographs from the Coxe Collection, 92). ..................................................................................................................................................................... 61 Figure 16. Aerial photograph of the Alta Vista development (Odum). .................................................................... 62 West End Commercial Historic District and overlay district (City of Greenville GIS). ..................................... 94 Colonel Elias Earle Historic District and overlay district, (City of Greenville, GIS). ........................................... 95 Wesleyan Methodist Church, 31 Burdette Street (4703), 1912 ................................................................................. 99 Maternity Shelter Hospital, 1200 Pendleton Street (4788), 1954 ......................................................................... 100 McClaren Medical Shelter, 110 Wardlaw Street (4833), c. 1940 ............................................................................ 101 Unidentified Commercial Building, 715 Pendleton Street (4884), c. 1956 ........................................................ 102 Marquette Grocery Store, 720 Augusta Street (4941), 1928 ................................................................................... 103 Max and Trude Heller House, 36 Pinehurst (5618), c. 1955 .................................................................................... 104 Temple of Israel, 115 Buist Ave (5838), 1928 ................................................................................................................ 105 Ernest L. and Ruth A. Robertson House, 6 Ashley Avenue (5860), c. 1950 ........................................................ 106 B. H. Peace House, 230 West Mountainview Ave (6155), 1919 .............................................................................. 107 Stone School, 115 Randall Street (6210), c. 1923 ......................................................................................................... 108 Resource 4655, 586 Perry Avenue, former