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Chapter 1: Junior Technical Schools 13 History of Shepparton 29 History of State Secondary Education in Shepparton 33 Technical Education in Shepparton 35

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Chapter 1: Junior Technical Schools 13 History of Shepparton 29 History of State Secondary Education in Shepparton 33 Technical Education in Shepparton 35 1 Second Rate? Reflections on South Tech and secondary technical education 1960-90 Lesley Florence Preston Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 2005 Department of Education Policy and Management Faculty of Education The University of Melbourne i Abstract A personal conviction that Victorian secondary technical education was not necessarily ‘second rate’ prompted this study - the history of Shepparton South Technical School. This thesis examines the evolution of a secondary technical school until its demise under the 1982–89 State Labor Government. The technical schools were under threat from their inception following the 1910 Education Act. The first Chief Inspector of Technical Instruction, Donald Clark, warned that their executive school councils and their links with the senior technical colleges were bulwarks against their extinction. Clark argued that there was a need for strong leadership and vigilance if they were to retain their distinctive philosophy. The wording of the 1910 Education Act did not specify the development of a dual system. Yet the tech schools flourished because they were popular with boys and parents, because of their executive Councils, and because of their relationship with industry. The junior techs evolved into secondary techs during the 1950s and 60s, staffed by teachers with industrial experience who were qualified to teach apprentices, as well as the junior students. A Board of Inspectors of Technical Schools travelled throughout Victoria to disseminate information and mentor technical school staff. DTE Ted Jackson’s 1970 policy gave principals unprecedented autonomy to respond to the needs of young people within their local community. In the 1960s, a second technical school was demanded in preference to a second high school in the Goulburn Valley. In 1966–68, South Tech’s inaugural students and staff were housed at the Shepparton Showgrounds, a novel environment which fostered positive attitudes towards the innovations introduced in the 1970–80s by Jock Thomlinson, the new principal. Thomlinson introduced general studies, media studies and social biology. He gained funding for resources, including television equipment. The school’s 1973 in-service was pivotal in assisting the staff to articulate a child-centred philosophy. A fall in enrolments in 1975 resulted in staff and Council analysing their image in Shepparton and district. A public relations campaign was mounted to explain the school’s philosophy and programs to the local community. South Tech’s enrolments had increased by 1980, when a furore over sex education arose. The school’s social biology program became a focus for public debate following media scrutiny. ii South Tech Council minutes reveal the rapid changes that were thrust upon the school under the State Liberal Government’s 1972–81 decentralisation policy, and the 1982–89 Labor Government’s restructure. Only comprehensive post-primary schools were built after 1984. In 1985, the Blackburn Committee recommended one post-primary system, and one Year 12 qualification, the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE). By 1990, South Tech’s most successful Year 12 Secondary Technical Certificate had been replaced by the VCE, and the school was reclassified as Shepparton South Secondary College. South Tech no longer existed as a technical school. The Federal Australian Labor Party and the Liberal National Coalition 2004 education policies both identified boys’ disinterest in education and a lack of skilled tradesmen, both of which were effectively managed under Victoria’s former technical education system. iii Declaration This is to certify that (i) the thesis comprises only my original work towards the PhD, (ii) due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used, (iii) the thesis is fewer than 100,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, maps, bibliographies and appendices. Lesley Florence Preston Date iv Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my mum and dad, Florence and Ern Preston, my sisters, Betty and Athalie, and my brothers, John and Bill Preston. Acknowledgements I wish to express my deepest appreciation to the people who contributed their expertise and supported me during the course of this thesis. I interviewed more than a dozen people, and thank them all for their time, their enthusiasm, and their willingness to reflect on their experiences. Catherine Herrick unfailingly provided archival material. Betty Lawson helped in any number of extraordinary ways. Betty was a pioneer in this field and still brilliantly exemplifies the tech spirit. My supervisor, Associate Professor Marjorie Theobald, is an inspirational scholar and person, and was a constant source of guidance and loving support. Professor Ron Adams, mentor and friend, describes a finished thesis as ‘a beautiful artefact’, and first inspired me in this direction. His consistent enthusiasm for this study enabled me to keep going. Dick Armitage gave me a job in 1974 and, twenty-six years later, a title. Finally, I wish to thank my friends and family, including Lil and Peter Kennedy, and our beloved Jack, for their love over the years. v Table of Contents Abstract i Declaration iii Acknowledgements iv Table of Contents v List of Abbreviations vi Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Junior Technical Schools 13 History of Shepparton 29 History of State Secondary Education in Shepparton 33 Technical Education in Shepparton 35 Chapter 2: The Showgrounds School, 1996-68 38 The New Principal, 1969 51 Chapter 3: The Theoretical Basis for Child-Centred Education 62 DTE Jackson’s1970 Policy 68 Effects of the Jackson Policy on South Tech 74 Chapter 4: The School Defines its Philosophy 95 The 1973 In-Service 103 The 1974 Inspection 108 Chapter 5: Innovational Curriculum 121 Chapter 6: Social Biology 152 Chapter 7: Former Student Reflections 189 Chapter 8: From Secondary Schools to Post-Primary Colleges 210 Chapter 9: South Tech’s Final Years 225 Bibliography 254 Appendix: Shepparton South Technical School’s Philosophy and Objectives (1974) 270 vi List of Abbreviations ACPPIV Association of Councils of Post-Primary Institutions in Victoria ACTIV Association of Councils of Technical Institutions in Victoria ADGE Assistant Director of General Education ADTE Assistant Director of Technical Education APVTI Association of Principals of Victorian Technical Institutions BA Bachelor of Arts BCom Bachelor of Commerce BITS Board of Inspectors of Technical Schools BRISEC Benalla Regional In-Service Education Committee CAE College of Advanced Education CAT Common Assessment Task CEP Country Education Project CG&CS Counselling, Guidance, and Clinical Services CPA Concerned Parents Association DGE Director General of Education Dip.Ed Diploma of Education DTE Director of Technical Education FIT Footscray Institute of Technology GNER Goulburn: North-Eastern Region GVGS Goulburn Valley Grammar School GVSBG Goulburn Valley Social Biology Group H&HR Health and Human Relations HERC Health Education Resource Centre HOD Head of Department HR Human Relations HSC Higher School Certificate LAC Local Administrative Committees LLB Bachelor of Laws MOE Ministry of Education MP 6 Ministerial Paper, No. 6 P/P Post Primary PEP Participation and Equity Program RBE Regional Board of Education RDE Regional Director of Education vii RMIT Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology SADEC Shepparton and District Education Committee SBRC Social Biology Resource Centre SCV State College of Victoria SDSRPC Shepparton District Schools Reorganisation Planning Committee SIP School Improvement Plan SRU Schools Reorganisation Unit SS State School SSAV Soldier Settlers Association of Victoria SSSC Shepparton South Secondary College SSTS Shepparton South Technical School [generally referred to as South Tech] STC Secondary Technical Certificate T12 Technical Year 12 Certificate TAFE Technical and Further Education TOP Tertiary Orientation Program TSAV Technical Schools Association of Victoria TSD Technical Schools Division TTAV Technical Teachers Association of Victoria TTUV Technical Teachers Union of Victoria VASST Victorian Association of Social Studies Teachers VCAB Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Board VCE Victorian Certificate of Education VCOSS Victorian Council of Social Service VFSSPC Victorian Federation of State School Parents Clubs VHSPA Victorian High School Principals Association VICSSO Victorian Council of State School Organisations VIIS Victorian Institute of Inspectors of Schools VISE Victorian Institute of Secondary Education VPPA Victorian Primary Principals Association VSTA Victorian Secondary Teachers Association VTU Victorian Teachers Union 1 Introduction This thesis documents the history of Shepparton South Technical School from 1966 to 1990. In a sense, it explores the rise and fall of an innovative technical school. It describes aspects of the dismantling of the Technical Schools Division as they affected South Tech, and some immediate effects of its aftermath: the inadequacies of the Victorian Certificate of Education compared to the Secondary Technical Certificate, and the stress suffered by staff and school councillors as a result of the rapid introduction of new policies. Most importantly, this thesis explores an innovative technical school from the inside, follows the development of its aims and philosophy, and shows how it worked in practice. This topic is an important one, as technical schools are still on the agenda, and still being discussed. Recently, in December 2004,
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