ZFIN Zebrafish Nomenclature Conventions ZFIN 斑马鱼命名规则

翻译：张昀 审校：潘鲁湲

Based on Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide (1998) 本规则是基于 1998 年发表 Trends in Genetics 遗传学基因命名

指南（Genetic Nomenclature Guide）。

NOMENCLATURE INFORMATION 命名法来源

The current nomenclature guidelines are updates to rules established during a 此命名指导规则是在 1992 年 3 月德国 Ringberg 会议所讨论的 discussion session at a meeting in Ringberg, Germany, in March 1992, and are 规则基础上，修订更新，并广泛地被多数斑马鱼实验室认可的。 widely accepted by most zebrafish labs.

Zebrafish Nomenclature Committee (ZNC) 斑马鱼命名委员会（Zebrafish Nomenclature Committee，ZNC）

For questions and advice about appropriate nomenclature, contact us at 有关命名的问题和建议，请通过 [email protected] 与我们联系。 [email protected].

APPROVAL FOR GENE AND MUTANT NAMES 基因和突变名称的核验

申请基因名称或突变名称时，请填写下列相关申请表，并提供辅助

信息。 您的申请将由 ZFIN 命名协调员进行审核，申请信息在审核 Please use one of our submission forms to propose a new name for a gene or 期间将被保密。 mutant and to provide supporting information. Your submission will be sent to the 申请基因名称

ZFIN nomenclature coordinator for review and will be treated in confidence 申请位点/品系名称

Submit a Proposed GENE Name

Submit a Proposed LOCUS/LINE Name

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 其他资源

A Tutorial for Proposing Zebrafish Gene Nomenclature 斑马鱼基因命名教程（A Tutorial for Proposing Zebrafish Gene

Laboratory Line Designations Nomenclature）

Other nomenclature guidelines: Human, Mouse, Fly (Drosophila), Yeast 基于机构的品系命名方法（Laboratory Line Designations）

(Saccharomyces), Gene families

1. GENE NAMES AND SYMBOLS 1. 基因名称和符号（即缩写）

Full gene names are lowercase italic, and gene symbols are three or more 完整基因名称的格式是英文字母小写、斜体。基因符号由三个 lowercase letters and are also italicized. The letters should be unique with respect 以上的小写字母构成，也需斜体。这些名称不可与已命名的斑马鱼 to other named zebrafish mutants and genes. Gene symbols should not be the 突变体或基因命名重复。当某基因确认为人类或小鼠直系同源基因 same as gene abbreviations in mouse or human, except in cases of established 的情况下，基因名称应与其保持一致，否则不应该使用相同的名称 orthology, where the gene symbol should match that of the orthologue. Zebrafish 或缩写。斑马鱼基因命名时不应包括任何涉及物种名称的字母，例 gene designations should not include any reference to species, for example d, dr, z 如 d，dr，z 或 zf。除特定情况外（见下文），不推荐使用标点符号， or zf. The use of punctuation such as period and hyphens in gene names or symbols 如句点和连字符等。 is discouraged, except under specific circumstances described below. 基因名称应在 ZFIN 注册。

Gene names should be registered at ZFIN.

1.1. Gene Nomenclature 1.1 基因命名规则

Genes should be named after the mammalian orthologue whenever possible. 基因应尽可能以哺乳动物的直系同源基因名称来命名。当该基

When mammalian orthologues are known, the same name and abbreviation 因的哺乳动物直系同源基因已确定时，应使用相同的名称和缩写， should be used, except all letters are italicized and lower case. Members of a gene 但是所有字母均为斜体和小写。统一基因家族的成员命名按顺序进 family are sequentially numbered. 行编号。

Examples: 例如：

Names - engrailed 1a, engrailed 2b 基因名称： grailed 1a, engrailed 2b

Symbols - eng1a, eng2b 基因符号： eng1a, eng2b

In some cases when a zebrafish gene has been renamed to the mammalian orthologue from an older zebrafish name, it is still preferable within a publication 当某个斑马鱼基因被重新命名为哺乳动物直系同源基因的名称 to refer to the previous name. Refer to the previous name by appending the 时，在发表文章中最好也标记上基因的曾用名，比较好的方法是在 previous name in parentheses. Previous names are searchable at ZFIN. 现在的名称后使用括号标记曾用名。基因的曾用名可以在 ZFIN 上搜

Examples: shha (syu), bmp2b (swr) 索到。

例如：shha (syu), bmp2b (swr)

1.2. Duplicated genes 1.2 重复基因命名规则

The zebrafish genome contains duplicated segments that resulted from a 斑马鱼基因组包含许多重复片段。这些重复片段是辐鳍鱼纲从 genome-wide duplication in the ray fin fish lineage after it diverged from the lobe 总鳍纲（包括禽类和哺乳动物物种）中分化出来时，对整个基因组 fin lineage (that included avian and mammalian species). For this reason, zebrafish 进行了复制而产生的。因此，经常有哺乳动物中的单一基因，在斑 often have two copies of a gene that is present as a single copy in mammals. 马鱼中有两个基因拷贝的情况发生。

In these cases, symbols for the two zebrafish genes should be the same as the approved symbol of the human or mouse orthologue followed by "a" or "b" to 在这种情况下，斑马鱼的两个基因拷贝的名称应与人或小鼠直 indicate that they are duplicate copies. Before these symbols are assigned, it is 系同源基因的名称相同，并在其后添加“a”或“b”后缀，表明它 important to provide evidence by mapping that the two copies reside on 们是同一基因的重复拷贝。在分配后缀之前，需要通过基因定位来 duplicated chromosome segments. It is preferable that all copies in one of the 确认两个拷贝位于哪个重复染色体区段上。一个重复染色体区段中 duplicate chromosome segments use the same "a" or "b" suffix, although this will 的所有拷贝尽量使用的“a”或“b”后缀。然而由于历史原因，这 not always be possible for historical reasons. The a or b suffix does not indicate 样的命名方法不一定每次都可行。 “a”或“b”后缀并不代表被发 primacy of publication and will be assigned purely based on the suffix of the 表的先后次序，而纯粹基于基因所处的基因组环境。这一命名规则 surrounding genes. This terminology should not be used for duplicates that 不适用于辐鳍鱼类从总鳍鱼类分化之前产生的重复基因。对于这类 resulted prior to the divergence of ray fin and lobe fin fish. In these cases it is 情况，应优选使用与哺乳动物命名法最一致的规则。 preferable to use terminology that is most consistent with the mammalian 例如：hoxa13a，hoxa13b nomenclature.

Examples: hoxa13a, hoxa13b

In some cases when there is a unique mammalian orthologue, but addition of the 在另一些情况下，虽然在哺乳动物中有单一的直系同源基因命 a, b suffixes would conflict with a different mammalian gene symbol, then 名，但是在斑马鱼基因中添加“a”，“b”后缀之后会与哺乳动物中 numerical suffixes .1, .2 should be appended to the orthologous mammalian gene 的其他基因名称发生冲突。这种情况下，则通过在哺乳动物直系同 symbol instead of a, b. 源基因名称后添加数字后缀“.1”，“.2”的方法命名。

Tandem duplicate gene, with a single mammalian orthologue should have gene 对于单个哺乳动物同源基因，在斑马鱼中出现串联重复基因时， symbols appended with a .1, .2, using the same symbol as the mammalian 命名方法应该采用与哺乳动物同源基因相同的名称，并在后面添加 orthologue. The gene name should include the words, "tandem duplicate". “.1”，“.2”后缀的方法。此外，基因名称应含有“tandem duplicate”。

Examples: alkaline phosphatase, intestinal, tandem duplicate 1 (alpi.1) and 例如：alkaline phosphatase, intestinal, tandem duplicate 1 (alpi.1) alkaline phosphatase, intestinal, tandem duplicate 2 (alpi.2) and alkaline phosphatase, intestinal, tandem duplicate 2 (alpi.2)

When mammalian gene duplications prevent identification of a unique 当哺乳动物的基因存在重复基因，导致无法确认其斑马鱼基因 mammalian orthologue, then an alternate gene symbol should be chosen. A 的直系同源关系时，应采用另一种命名方式。一种办法是选择是与 possible choice would be an approved gene symbol from a unique non- 非哺乳动物中唯一同源基因的名称。当一个基因与人类基因有同源 mammalian orthologue. When a gene is homologous to a human gene, but 性，但不确定是否直系同源时，该基因应以最接近的哺乳动物同源 orthology is ambiguous, the gene should be named after the closest mammalian 名称进行命名，并在同源名称后附加“like”后缀。在另一些情况下， homologue with the word 'like' appended to the name of the homologue. In some 如果斑马鱼中的某一基因家族存在同源的哺乳动物基因家族，但基 cases, a gene family described in zebrafish is homologous to a mammalian gene 因家族对应的进化关系不清，那么斑马鱼基因家族应使用哺乳动物 family but the evolution of the gene family is ambiguous. Under these 基因家族的名称命名，其基因编号延续使用哺乳动物已有的基因编 circumstances the zebrafish gene family should be named with the same stem as 号，在其后依次进行编号。如果此基因家族的成员位于同一染色体 the mammalian gene family with the gene number beginning after the end of the 上，相邻基因应依次顺序编号。 mammalian numbering and continuing sequentially throughout the gene family. If the members of the gene family are on the same chromosome, the adjacent genes should be given sequential numbers.

1.3. Mutant loci with unidentified genes 1.3 突变位点位于未识别的基因的情况

Mutant loci for which the gene has not yet been identified are given placeholder 当某突变位于尚未识别为基因的位点时，则给予该基因一个暂 gene names. When the gene is identified, it is renamed following standard 用名。此后如该基因被识别，则按照上述的标准命名方法重新命名。 nomenclature guidelines as described above. Genes identified by mutation are 通过突变识别出的基因，通常以突变表型来命名。基因符号（简写） typically named to reflect the mutant phenotype. The symbol should be derived 应该从完整基因名称中提取而来。由突变而来的名称通常不使用数 from the full name. Numbers should generally not be used in naming a mutant. 字。

Example: touchy feely, tuf 例如：touchy feely，tuf

Mutant names should be registered at ZFIN. 突变名称应在 ZFIN 注册。

1.4. Genes identified only by genomic sequencing projects 1.4 由基因组测序项目识别的基因的命名

Large-scale genome sequencing projects use a variety of prediction methods to 大规模基因组测序项目使用各种预测方法来解析开放阅读框和 identify both open reading frames and genes. Some of these genes are already 基因。有些基因是已知的，有些则是新基因。通过这些方法解析的 known, while others are new. Novel genes identified by these means often cannot 新基因常常不能被识别，其名称由前缀，克隆名称和整数组成。前 be identified and are assigned a name comprised of a prefix, a clone name, and an 缀表明识别该基因的研究机构（例如，“si”指 桑格研究所），之后以 integer. The prefix is used to specify the research institution that identified the 冒号将前缀与克隆名称分开。在许多情况下，单个克隆中存在多个 gene (e.g., "si" for the Sanger Institute). A colon separates the prefix from the 预测的开放阅读框，则用句点（英文句号）来隔开克隆名称和其整 clone identifier. In many cases, there are multiple predicted reading frames in a 数编号。其后的整数编号表征该克隆基因被解析的次序，并不表征 single clone. These genes are distinguished with a full stop (period) between the 其在克隆中的顺序。如果一个基因的多个片段在多个克隆中被发现， clone name and an integer. Integers are assigned to genes in the clone as they are 则命名时优先采用发现该基因的 5'端的第一个克隆的名称。 identified and do not indicate the order of genes. If part of a gene is found in more 例如：si:bz3c13.1, si:bz3c13.2, si:bz3c13.3 than one clone, the name of the first clone in which the 5' portion of the gene is 最初由基因组测序项目解析和命名的基因，在获得更多相关信 found takes precedence. 息之后，将依照标准命名规则（如上所述）重新命名。

Examples: si:bz3c13.1, si:bz3c13.2, si:bz3c13.3

Genes initially identified by genomic sequencing projects are renamed using standard nomenclature guidelines (described above) as more information about them becomes available.

1.5. Genes identified only by other large scale projects 1.5 仅由其他大规模研究项目识别的基因的命名

Large-scale sequencing of ESTs or full length cDNA clone sets often result in large EST 或全长 cDNA 克隆组的大规模测序通常会产生大量未识别 numbers of unidentified genes. These are given placeholder names with the 基因。 与基因组测序项目识别的基因相类似，这些基因使用带有项 project prefix, a colon and a clone number, similar to genes identified by genomic 目名称前缀、冒号和克隆编号组成的暂用名。在这种项目中，克隆 sequencing projects. In these cases, the clones usually contain only one or a 通常仅含有一个基因或一个基因片段。 fragment of a single gene. 例如：im:7044540, zgc:165514

Examples: im:7044540, zgc:165514 1.6. Transcript variants 1.6 不同转录本

Transcript variants that originate from the same gene are not normally given 同一基因的不同转录本通常不会给予其他命名。然而，通过在 different gene symbols and names. However, variants from a single gene can be 基因名称末尾添加逗号，“transcript variant”及序列号，或者在符号 distinguished in publications by adding to the end of the full name a comma, 的末尾添加下划线，“tv”和序列号，可以区分单个基因的不同转录

"transcript variant", and a serial number; and by adding to the end of the symbol 本。 an underscore, "tv", and a serial number. 例如：

Examples: 名称：yosin VIa, transcript variant 1, myosin VIa, transcript variant

Names -myosin VIa, transcript variant 1, myosin VIa, transcript variant 2, 2

Symbols -myo6a_tv1 myo6a_tv2 符号：myo6a_tv1, myo6a_tv2

1.7 Pseudogenes 1.7 假基因

Pseudogenes are sequences that are generally untranscribed and untranslated 假基因是指与已知基因高度同源，但通常不转录也不翻译序列。 and which have high homology to identified genes . However, it has recently been 然而，最近的研究发现，在不同的物种或组织中假基因可能具有某 shown that in different organisms or tissues functional activation may 些功能活性。假基因在命名时，使用相关基因符号系列中的下一个 occur. Pseudogenes will be assigned the next number in the relevant symbol 数字，并加后缀 “p”。 series, suffixed by a "p" for pseudogene e.g. prf1.9p is the symbol for "perforin 例如：prf1.9p 是指“perforin 1.9, pseudogene”。

1.9, pseudogene".

2. PROTEINS 2. 蛋白质命名

The protein symbol is the same as the gene symbol, but non-italic and the first 蛋白质符号的命名规则与基因符号相同。但蛋白质符号在命名 letter is uppercase. 时不能使用斜体，且其首字母需大写。

Examples: Ndrw, Brs, Eng1a, Eng2b, Ntl 例如：Ndrw，Brs，Eng1a，Eng2b，Ntl

Note the differences between zebrafish and mammalian naming conventions: 注意斑马鱼和哺乳动物命名惯例之间的差异： species / gene / protein 物种/基因/蛋白质 zebrafish /shha/ Shha zebrafish /shha/ Shha human / SHH / SHH human / SHH / SHH mouse / Shh / SHH mouse / Shh / SHH

In publications, it is sometimes convenient to refer to a protein which has been renamed based on orthology using the more commonly known name in 在发表时，于那些因哺乳动物直系同源基因重新命名过的基因， parentheses following the current name. 可在名称后面加以括号，其中引用更为为人所熟知的曾用名。

Examples: Shha (Syu), Bmp2b (Swr) 例如：Shha(Syu)，Bmp2b(Swr)

3. ALLELES and GENOTYPES 3. 等位基因（Allele）和基因型（genotype）的命名

3.1 Line designations 3.1 品系命名

When describing genes wild-type alleles are indicated using a superscript "+", 当描述基因型时，野生型的等位基因使用上标“+”表示，而突 while mutant alleles are indicated using a superscript line designation. Line 变等位基因则使用上标的品系名称。品系名称由机构命名代码和后 designations are composed of a institution-specific designation followed by a 缀数字组成。在 ZFIN 上可以查找全部已有机构命名代码。 number. The full list of institution designations can be found at ZFIN.

Institute specific line designations should be two or three letters in length, 机构命名代码长度应为两个或三个字母，最好是两个字母。这 preferably two letters. These designations should not be the same as a gene name 些名称不应与小鼠或人类中的基因名称相同。品系命名中机构命名 in mouse or human. The institution designation should be followed by a unique 代码在前，后面紧跟独立的品系数字编号。为保证品系命名的唯一 number specific to a particular line. Other letters should not immediately follow 性，可以在品系名称末尾添加其他字母，但是字母不能放在紧邻机 the institution designation but may be appended to the end of the line designation 构命名代码后面的位置。品系名称应仅包含字母、数字。为区别于 to make it unique. Line designations should only contain alphanumeric characters. 隐性等位基因，显性和半显性等位基因在命名时在开头添加“d”。

Dominant and Semi-dominant alleles have a d in the first position of the line 其中，半显性指的是当“突变/野生型”的杂合子中表型的外显率不 designation to distinguish them from recessive alleles. Semi-dominant is defined 是 100%的情况；例如，只有 70％的个体表现出表型而不是 100％。 as the situation when the penetrance of the mutant phenotype in a mutant- 这意味着在品系名字中，“d”不能作为机构命名代码的开头。转基 allele/wild-type allele heterozygote is less than complete. For example, only 70% 因品系的命名遵循相同的规则，因此转基因品系和突变品系进行命 of the individuals show the phenotype rather than 100%. This means that the 名时不能使用相同的编号。 letter 'd' cannot begin an institution designation. Line designations for transgenic 例如：“b”是尤金（Eugene）的设定名称; “m”代表波士顿的 lines follow these same rules, so the same number cannot be give to both a 马萨诸塞综合医院（MGH Boston）; “t”是德国的图宾根（Tuebingen） transgenic line and a mutant allele. 野生型：lof , ndr2, brs+

Examples: "b" is the Eugene designation; "m" is for MGH, Boston; "t" is 突变体：lof dt2, ndr2 b16, ndr2 m101, ndr2 t219

Tuebingen, Germany

wild type: lof , ndr2 , brs + mutant: lof dt2 , ndr2 b16 , ndr2 m101 , ndr2 t219

3.2 Genotype nomenclature for publications 3.2 发表成果时的命名规则

Heterozygotes and homozygotes in a single locus are depicted by having each 单基因位点中的杂合子和纯合子，以斜线“/”分开不同等位基 allele separated by a slash "/". 因的方式命名。

Examples: 例如：

ednrb1a b140 / ednrb1a + (heterozygote, can be abbreviated ednrb1a b140/+ ) ednrb1a b140 / ednrb1a +（杂合子，可以缩写为 ednrb1a b140/+）

ednrb1a b140 / ednrb1a b140 (homozygote, can be abbreviated ednrb1a b140/b140 ednrb1a b140 / ednrb1a b140（纯合子，缩写为 ednrb1a b140/b140 or ednrb1a b140 ) 或 ednrb1a b140）

For homozygous genotypes involving multiple loci, the genotype at each locus is 对于涉及多个基因位点的纯合基因型，每个基因位点的基因型 listed in order according to chromosome number, from 1 to 25, with a semicolon 按照所处的染色体顺序列出，从 1 到 25 号，用分号隔开不同染色体 to separate loci on different chromosomes. 上的基因位点。

Examples: 例如：

ednrb1a b140 ; slc24a5 b16 ednrb1a b140 ; slc24a5 b16

For heterozygous genotypes, loci on homologous chromosomes are separated by 对于杂合基因型，同源染色体上的同一位点的（不同等位基因） a slash. 通过斜线分开。

Examples: 例如：

fgf3 t21142 /fgf3 t24149 ; slc24a5 b16 /slc24a5 m592 fgf3 t21142 /fgf3 t24149 ; slc24a5 b16 /slc24a5 m592

For linked loci, the haplotype on each chromosome is written sequentially, with a 对于相连的基因位点，每个染色体上的单倍型（haplotype）按 space separating syntenic loci. Loci are placed in the order they appear on the 照次序书写，并用空格来分隔位于同一染色体上的位点。基因位点 chromosome, top to bottom. Homologous chromosomes are separated by a slash, 按照它们出现在染色体上的顺序，从上到下进行放置。同源染色体 and non-homologous chromosomes are separated by semicolons. 上的（不同等位基因）用斜线分开，非同源染色体上的（不同等位

Examples: ednrb1a b140 cx41.8 t1 ; slc24a5 b16 基因）用分号分开。

例如：ednrb1a b140 cx41.8 t1 ; slc24a5 b16

For unmapped loci, genotypes of unmapped loci are listed alphabetically within 对于尚未定位（unmapped）的基因位点，其基因型描述应放在 braces following genotypes of mapped loci on different chromosomes. 所有不同染色体已定位的基因型位点之后，在大括号内依照名称的

Examples: 字母顺序排列。

ednrb1a b140 ; mycbp2 tj236 {edi tl35 } (edi is unmapped, all three loci are written 例如：ednrb1a b140 ; mycbp2 tj236 {edi tl35 } （edi 是一个尚未定 as if they are on different chromosomes) 的基因。这三个基因型位点的命名方法表现了它们各自位于不同的

染色体上。)

Poorly resolved loci on same chromosome are listed alphabetically within braces. 位于同一染色体上但位置解析不清的基因位点应在大括号内按

Examples: 字母顺序列出。

{abcb 000 def m000 } (poorly resolved loci on same chromosome) 例如：

ednrb1a b140 {abcb 000 def m000 } {abcb 000 def m000 }（同一染色体上解析不清的基因位点）；

cx41.8 t1 (poorly resolved loci in a known interval between mapped loci, all on ednrb1a b140 {abcb 000 def m000 } same chromosome) cx41.8 t1（这 4 个位点同处一条染色体，前后位点已知，中间 2

个位点解析不清但已知间距） 3.3 Genotype displays in ZFIN 3.3 ZFIN 网站展示的基因型

Due to technical constraints, genotypes at ZFIN are shown in alphabetical order by 由于技术的原因，ZFIN 网站展示的基因型首先按基因的字母顺 gene, and then by allele designation. See below for display of complex genotypes 序进行排序，其次通过等位基因名称进行排序。涉及转基因或染色 involving transgenic or chromosomal rearrangements. 体重排的复杂基因型请参见后文。

4. CHROMOSOMES AND ABERRATIONS 4. 染色体和染色体异常

The chromosome numbering system corresponds to the old Linkage Group 染色体编号系统与过去的连锁群编号一一对应，例如之前的 designations with what was LG1 now named Chr1. Chromosomes are designated LG1 现在命名为 Chr1。染色体由非斜体数字 1 至 25 表示。请注意， by non-italic numerals, 1 to 25. Reminder: cytogenetically identified chromosome 细胞遗传学上识别的染色体编号与“chr”的命名不同，“Chr”是用 numbers differ from the ‘Chr’ designations used for linkage groups and the 于连锁群和参考基因组序列的命名。迄今为止，实验室品系中雄性 reference genome sequence. Chromosome differences have not been observed 和雌性之间未观察到染色体差异。 between males and females in laboratory strains. 例如：Chr1 到 Chr25

Examples: Chr1 to Chr25

Chromosome rearrangements are indicated with the following prefixes, followed 染色体重排应一个前缀后接括号，括号中是细节信息的方式表 by the details within parentheses. See below for specific examples. Common 示。常见前缀示例如下： prefixes include: Df，缺失（deficiency）

Df, deficiency Dp，重复（duplication）

Dp, duplication In，倒位（inversion）

In, inversion Is，插入（insertion） Is, insertion T，易位（translocation）

T, translocation Tg，转基因（transgene）

Tg, transgene

4.1. Deficiencies 4.1 染色体缺失的命名

A deficiency is defined as a deletion that removes or disrupts 2 or more adjacent 染色体缺失（deficiency）定义为缺失片段包含 2 个或者 2 个以 loci. Intragenic deletions are not treated as deficiencies, but as small deletions 上相邻基因位点的情况。基因内的片段缺失不作为染色体缺失处理， and shall be named as an allele of the disrupted gene (see section 3). 而是定义为小片段缺失，以受影响基因的突变类型的方式来命名（见

The general format for naming a deficiency is: 第 3 大点）。

Df(Chr##:xxx)line# 染色体缺失命名的一般格式是：

Df indicates deficiency. The term xxx should describe the salient features of the Df(Chr##:xxx)line# deficiency, as determined by the investigator. In cases where the deficiency 其中，Df 表示染色体缺失。“xxx”表示此缺失的显著特征，描 removes sequences from named genes, the name should contain the standard 述方式由研究者决定。当一段染色体缺失删除了已命名基因的序列 symbols for those genes. The deleted genes should be listed in order, when known, 时，染色体缺失的命名应包含缺失基因的符号（缩写）。已知的被删 separated by commas. The line designation should follow standard nomenclature 除的基因应按顺序列出，并用逗号分隔。品系命名应遵循前述标准 conventions (institution designation followed by line number). 命名法（机构命名代码后跟编号）。

The chromosome where the deficiency maps should be specified by its number 染色体缺失所定位的染色体应该用两位数字的染色体编号（##）

(##) using two digits (i.e., 03 for Chr03) so that computers will order them properly. 标记（如 Chr03 中的 03），以便计算机正确排序。

Example: Df(Chr12:dlx3b,dlx4b,tbx24)b380 例如：Df(Chr12: dlx3b,dlx4b,tbx24)b380 When a gene is disrupted at one of the two breakpoints of the deficiency, please 如果染色体缺失的任一一端，打断在一个基因的中间，请联系 contact the nomenclature coordinator at ZFIN for assistance ZFIN 的命名协调员（[email protected]）来协助命名。

([email protected]).

4.2. Translocations 4.2 染色体易位的命名

The general format for naming translocations depends upon the type of 染色体易位的命名格式取决于染色体易位的类型： translocation:

Reciprocal translocations have two separate chromosomal elements, and each 交互易位涉及两个独立的染色体单元，每个单元都有一个独立 element has a distinct name: T(Chr##;Chr##)xxx

T(Chr##;Chr##)xxxline#,##U.##L T(Chr##;Chr##)xxxline#,##U.##L。

T indicates translocation. The elements in the parentheses are the chromosomes 其中，T 表示易位。括号内是易位所涉及的染色体名称，编号 involved, the lower numbered chromosome is listed first, and the chromosomes 靠前的染色体在前，不同染色体间用分号隔开。染色体应使用两位 are separated by a semicolon. The chromosomes should be specified by their 数字（##）编号（如 Chr03 中的 03），以便计算机正确排序。 numbers (##) using two digits (i.e., 03 for Chr03) so that computers will order them “xxx”表示此易位的显著特征，描述方式由研究者决定。当所 properly. 发生的易位使得已知基因的位置改变，“xxx”通常为该基因的符号

The term xxx should describe some salient feature of the translocation, as （symbol）。其他情况下，“xxx”可以为一个实验的序列号。 determined by the investigator. In cases where the translocation moves a named gene primarily studied by the investigator, xxx would usually be the standard

symbol for that gene. Alternatively, xxx could just be an experimental series number.

The line designation should follow standard nomenclature conventions 品系命名应遵循前述标准命名法（机构命名代码后跟编号）。 品

(institution designation followed by line number). After the line designation comes 系名称后紧跟一个逗号，紧接着按照从上到下的顺序描述染色体新 a comma, and then a phrase that indicates the new order of the chromosomes, 顺序。第一个数字（##）是 Chr 数字，接着是大写字母 U 表示染色 starting from the top of the chromosome as displayed by convention. The first 体的上臂，大写字母 L 表示染色体的下臂。着丝粒的位置用句点（英 number (##) is the Chr number, followed by upper case U to indicate the upper 文句号）表示。易位命名中不能有空格。当易位的任意一个断点处 arm of a chromosome or by upper case L to indicate the lower arm of a 位于某已知基因之内，易位被写为该基因的一个等位基因（allele） chromosome. The location of the centromere is indicated by a period. No spaces. 的形式。因此易位的名称中可有最多四个的等位基因（allele）。

Translocations are written as an allele of a gene when the gene is disrupted at one 例如： of the breakpoints of the translocation. There can be as many as four alleles of a T(Chr02;Chr12)ndr2b2131,02U.12L02L translocation. T(Chr02;Chr12)ndr2b2131,12U.12L02L

Example: 该例是一个交互易位的情况，其中 Chr12 下臂的一部分转移到

T(Chr02;Chr12)ndr2b2131,02U.12L02L and Chr02 下臂的近端，同时 Chr02 下臂的一部分转移到 Chr12 下臂的

T(Chr02;Chr12)ndr2b2131,12U.12L02L 远端。

This example illustrates a reciprocal translocation where a portion of the lower arm of Chr12 was translocated interstitially into the proximal lower arm of Chr2

and a portion of the lower arm of Chr2 was translocated to the distal lower arm of

Chr12.

Resolved translocations are where the two elements of the translocation separate 分界易位是指易位的两个元件分离，而突变体系只携带其中一 and a mutant line has just one of the elements. This results in the animal being 个元件的情况。这导致动物中一些染色体区域是单倍体的，而其他 monosomic for some chromosome regions and trisomic for others. In these cases, 染色体区域是三倍体。在这种情况下，突变品系将仅用一个易位元 the mutant line would be designated with just one of the elements rather than 件来表示，而不是向上文所述的，使用两个元件来进行命名。等位 two as in the reciprocal designation above. The allele name would remain the 基因名称将保持不变，来表明它们共同的来源和断点。 same to indicate their common origin and common breakpoint. 例如：T(Chr02;Chr12)ndr2b2131,02U.12L02L

Example:

T(Chr02;Chr12)ndr2b2131,02U.12L02L

4.3. Transgenic lines and constructs 4.3 转基因品系和转基因载体

Transgenic constructs now have their own pages in ZFIN. Transgenic construct 转基因载体在 ZFIN 网站上有专门的页面。当转基因插入并非某 names are important because the construct name is used in the transgenic line 个基因的等位基因时（即未造成已知的某基因突变，此种情况见下 nomenclature when the insertion is NOT an allele of a gene (see below). 文），转基因载体的名称将用于命名该载体构建的转基因品系，因此

转基因载体命名是十分重要的。

4.3.1 Transgenic constructs 4.3.1 转基因载体的命名

Construct Nomenclature 载体命名 Tg(regulatory sequence:coding sequence) Tg(调控序列：编码序列)

Tg indicates transgene. Within the parentheses, the most salient features of the 这里，Tg 表示转基因。 括号内描述转基因构建的最显著特征。

transgene should be described. Brevity and clarity in the transgene name are 一般而言，转基因名称应简洁、清晰，而非详尽的细节描述。冒号

favored, in general, over exhaustive detail. Regulatory sequences, which can be 左侧是调控序列，一般为增强子或启动子。通常，调控序列以其来

derived from either an enhancer or promoter, should be listed to the left of the 源的基因，或其本身所调控的基因/转录本的名字命名。冒号右侧是

colon. In general, the regulatory sequence is named for the gene from which it was 编码序列。并非所有转基因载体都同时具有调控序列和编码序列，

derived or the gene/transcript that it regulates. Coding sequences are placed to 在这种情况下命名中就没有冒号。 当转基因载体使用已命名的基因

the right of the colon. Not all transgenic constructs will have both regulatory and 时，载体命名应该包含该基因的标准斑马鱼命名符号（即缩写，小

coding elements, and in this case, the colon will not be used. In cases where a 写，斜体）。 整个转基因名称应为斜体。

construct utilizes sequences from a named gene, it should contain the standard

zebrafish lowercase symbol for that gene. The entire transgene name should be

italicized.

⚫ Enhancer trap, promoter trap, gene trap constructs : These all use the same ⚫ 增强子捕获，启动子捕获，基因捕获载体：

nomenclature conventions as described for transgenic constructs, substituting Et, 这些情况都使用与上述转基因构建体相同的命名规则，可使用

Pt, Gt as necessary. Et，Pt，Gt 取代 Tg。

•

⚫ Transgenes with transcripts in constructs: For those cases where a specific ⚫ 含有转录本的转基因载体：

transcript or transcript promoter of a gene is used, the transcript number or name 当转基因载体含有某个特定转录本或转录本的启动子时，命名 should be used. It should be noted that the use of hyphens here is distinct from 应包含转录本的编号或名称。 应当注意的是，在这里使用的连字符 the use of hyphens in regulatory or coding sequence fusions as discussed below. 不同于下文中讨论的调控序列或编码序列中融合序列所使用的连字

The hyphen in transcript names is an integral part of the transcript name and 符。转录本名称中的连字符是转录本名称的组成部分，为区别该基 demarcates the transcript number for a gene. 因的不同转录本的编号。

Example: Tg(pitx2-002:GFP) In this case an internal pitx2 gene promoter that 例如：Tg(pitx2-002:GFP)。在此例中，产生 pitx2-002 转录本的

generates the pitx2-002 transcript is driving expression of GFP. pitx2 基因启动子作为调控序列，调控 GFP 的表达。

⚫ Fusions in constructs: Regulatory or coding sequence fusions should be ⚫ 含有融合序列的转基因载体：

separated by hyphens. 调控或编码序列中的融合序列应使用连字符分隔。

Example: Tg(actb2:stk11-mCherry) This construct codes for a fused 例如：Tg(actb2:stk11-mCherry)。该载体在 actb2 基因启动子的

protein of stk11 and mCherry under the control of the actb2 promoter. 调控下表达 stk11 和 mCherry 的融合蛋白。

⚫ Promoter elements of differing sizes in constructs: In cases where a number ⚫ 含有不同大小启动子元件的转基因载体：

of constructs are generated with different sizes of promoter elements, these may 在使用不同大小的启动子元件生成多个转基因载体时，应在括

be specified within the parentheses using the length of the upstream DNA: 号内说明所使用上游 DNA 的长度：

Examples: These examples represent two constructs that code for a fusion 例如：Tg(-3.5hhex:sptb-GFP) 和 Tg(-6.0hhex:sptb-GFP)

protein of sptb and GFP driven by an upstream enhancer either 3.5kb or 6.0kb 5' 这 2 个例子的转基因载体是分别由 hhex 基因 5'端上游的 3.5kb

to the hhex gene. 和 6.0kb 的启动子调控 sptb 和 GFP 融合蛋白的表达。

Tg(-3.5hhex:sptb-GFP)

Tg(-6.0hhex:sptb-GFP)

However, in many cases, the changes within the construct may be too small or too 然而，在某些情况下，载体间的区别可能太小或太复杂而不能 complex to change the number of kbp or cannot be determined. To differentiate 以 kbp 的长度的方式去描述或者描述不清。为了区分这些载体，可 these constructs, they will be appended with a sequential number between the Tg 以在 Tg（或 Et，Pt，Gt）和括号之间附加序列号，括号内不进行细

(also Et, Pt, Gt) and the parentheses, instead of including further details in the 节说明。详细信息将在载体页面的备注字段中提供。 name. Details will be provided in the notes field on the construct page. 例如：初始载体：Tg1(uxs1:GFP)；后续载体：Tg2(uxs1:GFP)； 其

Examples: original construct: Tg1(uxs1:GFP); subsequent construct: 他载体：Tg#(uxs1:GFP)

Tg2(uxs1:GFP); additional constructs: Tg#(uxs1:GFP)

⚫ Foreign Genes used in constructs: ⚫ 含有外源基因的载体：

For those cases where a gene from a different species is used, the three letter 对于载体中含有其他物种基因的情况，应使用三字母物种缩写

species abbreviation should be used (Homo sapien [Hsa], Mus musculus [Mmu], （如人类 Homo sapien [Hsa]，小鼠 Mus musculus [Mmu]，安大略鲑

Salmo salar [Ssa]) followed by a period and the gene symbol. For human genes Salmo salar [Ssa]等）表明物种，其后以句点（英文句号）隔开，紧跟

use the standard gene symbol conventions of all capital letters. For mouse and 基因符号。对于人类基因，基因符号按照标准命名规则全部使用大

other species, the first letter of the gene is capitalized. An exception to the 3- 写字母。对于小鼠和其他物种，基因符号的首字母大写，其余小写。

letter rule is Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Please use Cr for this organism as the 一个例外是莱茵衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）；请使用 Cr 作为

3-letter abbreviation (Cre) conflicts with the abbreviation for the Cre-Lox system. 其物种命名，因为 3 个字母的缩写（Cre）与 Cre-Lox 系统的缩写冲

突。 Example: Tg(Hsa.FGF8:GFP) Here the promoter of the human FGF8 gene is 例如：Tg(Hsa.FGF8:GFP) 是人类的 FGF8 基因的启动调控 GFP 的

driving expression of GFP. 表达。

Example: Tg(Ssa.Ndr2:GFP) Here the promoter of the salmon Ndr2 gene is Tg(Ssa.Ndr2:GFP) 是鲑鱼 Ndr2 基因的启动子调控 GFP

driving expression of GFP. 的表达。

⚫ Mutations used in constructs: When a mutated form of a gene is used in a ⚫ 含有突变的载体：

construct, the mutation/s in the gene can be included in the construct. The 当载体中含有某个或某些基因的突变时，载体命名应包含这些

variations should be represented at the most basic level, describing either DNA 突变信息。突变应在最基础的水平上加以描述，即描述具体 DNA 或

or amino acid changes. Manuscript descriptions of the mutated sequence 氨基酸的变化。在文章中，突变序列的描述应始终与参考序列（使

should always be related to a reference sequence (accession number) in order to 用位置编号）相对照，以便表征其相关性并提供对应的信息。该位

be relevant and informative. The accession number will be added to the construct 置编号将被填写如载体的信息页面。

page. 例如：Tg(cav3:cav3_R26Q-GFP)。该突变导致在 26 位的精氨酸

Example: Tg(cav3:cav3_R26Q-GFP) The mutation results in an amino acid 被谷氨酰胺取代。 substitution of arginine for glutamine at position 26. Tg(Hsa.MPZ_1026T>A:EGFP)。该突变为人类基因 MPZ 第

Example: Tg(Hsa.MPZ_1026T>A:EGFP) The nucleotide mutation is in human 1026 位核苷酸 T 被 A 替换。 gene MPZ at position 1026 where T has been replaced by A.

⚫ Clones in constructs: Transgenic constructs using modified clones, such as ⚫ 含有克隆的载体：

BACs and PACs, should be named with the clone type inserted between the "Tg" 含有修饰克隆（如 BAC 和 PAC）的转基因载体命名方法为：在 and the "(". The accession number of the clone must be included in the publication, “Tg”和“（”之间插入克隆类型描述。克隆的序号必须包含在公布

so it can be associated with the construct. A link to the appropriate clone will be 的信息中，这样信息能够与载体相关联。相关克隆的链接应被加入

added to the construct page. 载体信息页面中。

Example: TgPAC(tal1:GFP) GFP is inserted within or near the coding sequence 例如：TgPAC(tal1:GFP)。该载体为在 PAC 克隆（GenBank＃

of tal1 in the PAC with the GenBank# AL592495. AL592495）中，在 tal1 编码区内或附近插入 GFP。

⚫ Two or more cassettes in one construct: If there are two or more cassettes in ⚫ 含有多个表达盒（cassette）的载体

a construct, it is necessary to distinguish between cassettes by using a comma. 如果载体含有两个或更多个表达盒，中间需要用逗号分开。

Example: Tg(isl2b:GAL4,UAS:GFP) Here, isl3 promoter drives GAL4, and UAS 例如：Tg(isl2b:GAL4,UAS:GFP)。此例中 isl3 启动子调控 GAL4 表 drives GFP 达，同时 UAS 调控 GFP 表达。

⚫ Two or more distinct constructs inserted at the same locus: If 2 or more ⚫ 在同一位点中插入两个或更多载体的情况 independently injected constructs are experimentally demonstrated to be 如果实验证明两个或更多独立注射的载体插入了同一位点，则 integrated at the same locus, each construct should be separated by a comma. In 每个载体之间应用逗号分隔。在这种情况下，该品系将被赋予单一 this case, the line will be assigned one line designation (allele) number. Note: if it 品系（等位基因，allele）编号。请注意，如果稍后确定这些载体是 is later determined that the constructs integrated in different loci, an additional 插入在不同位点，则需要追加新的品系编号。 line number will be needed. 例如：Tg(sox9a:mCherry),Tg(usx1:YFP)line#

Example: Tg(sox9a:mCherry),Tg(usx1:YFP)line#

⚫ One promoter drives two or more coding sequences in construct: When one ⚫ 一个启动子调控两个或更多编码序列的载体

promoter is used to drive more than one coding sequence, a comma is used to 当一个启动子用于调控一个以上的编码序列时，使用逗号分隔

separate the gene names. This includes uni- & bidirectional promoters. 基因名称。这包括单向和双向启动子的情况。

Example: Tg(abhd2a:YFP,mCherry) 例如：Tg(abhd2a:YFP,mCherry)

⚫ Construct using a regulatory element that regulates more than one gene in ⚫ 载体内所使用的调控序列在体内调控多个基因的情况 vivo : For those situations where a construct utilizes enhancers or promoters from 当载体内所使用的增强子或启动子，在体内调控多个基因的表 genes that regulate two or more genes in vivo, only one of the genes should be 达时，命名中应只使用其中一个基因名称，一般选择最低编号的基 represented in the name such that the gene with the lowest number or gene 因名称或最接近启动子的基因名称来命名。 closest to the promoter is listed. 例如：Tg(dlx1a:GFP)。在该载体中，调控 GFP 表达的序列，在体

Example: Tg(dlx1a:GFP) This construct utilizes regulatory elements of dlx1a 内实际调控 dlx1a 和 dlx2a2 两个基因的表达。命名中选取了编号靠

and dlx2a to drive expression of GFP. In this case the lower0numbered gene is 前的基因（即 dlx1a）。

listed in the name.

Example: Tg(zic4:Gal4TA4, UAS:mCherry) This construct utilizes an enhancer 例如：Tg(zic4:Gal4TA4, UAS:mCherry)。在该载体中，前一个表达

of both the zic1 and zic4 genes to drive expression of Gal4TA4, with an additional 盒中调控 Gal4TA4 表达的增强子，在体内调控 zic1 和 zic4 两个基因

cassette that has UAS driving mCherry expression. In this case, the gene closest 的表达；另一个表达盒中 UAS 调控 mCherry 表达。在这种情况下，

to the enhancer was listed in the name. 命名选取了最接近增强子的基因（即 zic1）名称命名。

4.3.2 Enhancer trap, promoter trap, gene trap constructs 4.3.24.3.2 增强子捕获，启动子捕获，基因捕获载体 的命名

These all use the same nomenclature convention as described for transgenic 这些情况都使用与上述转基因构建体相同的命名规则，可使用 constructs above, substituting Et, Pt, or Gt as necessary. Et，Pt，Gt 取代 Tg。

4.3.3 Transgenic lines 4.3.34.3.3 转基因品系的命名

Transgenic lines are of two types, those that are known to create alleles of genes 转基因品系有两种类型，即确定产生特定基因的等位基因（即 and those that are not known to create alleles of genes. For a line that does not 基因突变）的转基因品系和不确定产生特定等位基因的转基因品系。 create an allele of a gene, the feature name consists of the construct name 若一个转基因品系没有产生特定基因的突变，则命名时将载体名称 appended with a unique line number with no superscript. The line number should 在前，不带上标的品系名称在后。品系名称应以机构命名代码开头， begin with the laboratory designation followed by a unique number. 后跟唯一编号。

Example: Tg(hsp70l:GFP)mik6 例如：Tg(hsp70l:GFP)mik6

For lines that do create alleles of a gene, a standard genetic representation is used, 若转基因品系产生了特定的等位基因（allele，即插入已知基因 where the allele designation is superscripted above the gene, but is appended with 造成突变），则命名时使用标准遗传学表示法，其中等位基因的名称 a Tg to indicate that it is a transgenic insertion allele. Details regarding the 应写做基因上标，在其后附加 Tg 以表明它是转基因插入产生的等位 construct used will be available on the genotype page. Gene traps and enhancer 基因。相关转基因载体的详细信息将在基因型页面上提供。基因捕 traps known to create alleles of a gene are handled in a similar fashion, appending 获和增强子捕获常常产生新的等位基因（即插入基因的突变），它们

Gt or Et to the allele designation. 的命名以类似的方式进行处理，即在等位基因最后附加 Gt 或 Et。

例如： Example: arnt2 hi2639cTg

arnt2 hi2639cTg parga mn2Et

parga mn2Et

4.3.4 Stable transgenic lines derived from another transgenic or founder line 4.3.44.3.4 由已有转基因品系或 原始品系派生出的稳定遗传转基因

When new lines of fish with unique, stable, and heritable transgenic compositions 品系 are generated from another transgenic line, the derived lines should all receive 当新品系由特异、稳定、可遗传的转基因组成，且这些转基因 unique allele/line designations. If the derived line and the original line are 组成来自于其他转基因品系，则此新品系在命名时应该使用独立的 generated in different laboratories, the derived line should be assigned the 等位基因/品系命名。如果此派生的新品系和原始品系来自于不同的 allele/line designation associated with the second laboratory. 实验室，则派生的新品系应以新实验室的机构命名代码进行命名。

Example: 例如：某品系原初产生于加州理工学院，命名为 ct1；加州理工

Original allele generated at Caltech: ct1; new lines derived from ct1 and 学院继续从 ct1 中派生出新品系，继续命名为 ct2，ct3 或 ct1a，ct1b; generated at Caltech: ct2, ct3 OR ct1a, ct1b; new lines generated from ct1, but 但是俄勒冈大学从 ct1 中派生出新品系则命名为 b ###。 generated at University of Oregon: b###

4.3.5 Display of complex genotypes at ZFIN 4.3.54.3.5 Z FIN 网站内复合基因型名称的展示

Genotypes at ZFIN are shown in alphabetical order with transgenic lines that are ZFIN 网站按照字母顺序对基因型名称进行排列，首先展示转基 not alleles of genes first, then other alleles. 因品系（非突变品系），其后是等位基因（即基因突变型）。

Example: Tg(-0.7her5:EGFP)ne2067;hmgcrb s617/s617 例如：Tg(-0.7her5:EGFP)ne2067;hmgcrb s617/s617 5. PRIORITY IN NAMES 5. 命名的优先权

As described above, zebrafish genes are named based on orthology to a human or 如上所述，斑马鱼基因的命名首先采用人类或小鼠的直系同源 mouse gene. If an ortholog cannot be identified, then the name that appears first 基因名称的原则。如果尚无可确认的直系同源基因，则优先考虑以 in the literature will be given priority assuming it follows other nomenclature 首次发表在文献中的名称（假设文章中使用了其他命名规则）作为 guidelines. ZFIN recommends submission of proposed gene names via the ZFIN 其命名。在申请命名时，我们建议通过 ZFIN 网站的申请表格提交基 form or consultation with the zebrafish nomenclature committee 因名称申请或与斑马鱼命名委员会（[email protected]）协商进

([email protected]) for nomenclature assignment. 行命名。

When a mutation is found in a previously cloned zebrafish gene, then the mutant 当斑马鱼基因组中一个已克隆的基因存在突变时，该突变将被 will be referred to as an allele of the gene. If both the cloned gene and the 视为该基因的一个等位基因（Allele）。如果已克隆的基因和突变各 mutation are known by different names and later found to be the same gene, then 自有不同的名称，而其后却发现它们是相同的基因，那么命名时优 the name of the gene usually takes priority. The exception to this rule is when the 先采用原基因的名称。例外情况：当哺乳动物基因的基因符号（即 mammalian gene has a gene symbol that is less than two characters such as the 缩写）少于两个字符时，例如小鼠基因 brachyury 的符号为 T，斑马 mouse gene brachyury which has the symbol T. In this case the zebrafish gene 鱼基因保留原始名称 no tail，ntl。 retained the original name no tail, ntl.

6. MAPPING AND SEQUENCING INFORMATION 6. 基因组图谱和基因组测序

The genome project began in 1994, and by 1996 the genetic map was closed. NIH 基因组计划于 1994 年开始，到 1996 年遗传图谱项目结束。 美 funded major programs to develop a doubled haploid meiotic mapping panel, 国国立卫生研究院（NIH）资助的主要项目为：双倍单倍体减数分裂 deficiency strains and expressed sequence tags (ESTs), The ESTs and anonymous 制图、缺陷菌株和表达序列标签（ESTs）。EST 和匿名标记已经定位 markers have been mapped on two radiation-hybrid panels. The Sanger Institute 在两个辐射杂交板上。桑格研究所于 2001 年开始进行斑马鱼全基 began full genome sequencing in 2001. A physical map is being constructed from 因组测序项目。现在已经从用于测序的 BAC 文库构建出物理图谱。 the BAC libraries used for sequencing. Genomic information is updated regularly ZFIN 网站会定期更新基因组信息。 on ZFIN.

7. CONTRIBUTORS 7. 参与人

Current Nomenclature Coordinator: 命名协调员：

Amy Singer ([email protected]), ZFIN Database Team, Zebrafish Information Amy Singer ([email protected])，ZFIN 数据库工作组，国际斑马

Network, University of Oregon, USA 鱼信息中心（美国俄勒冈大学）

Active Contributors: 积极参与人:

Richard Dorsky ([email protected]), Department of Neurobiology Richard Dorsky ([email protected]), Department and Anatomy, University of Utah, USA of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, USA

Marc Ekker ([email protected]), Center for Advanced Research in Marc Ekker ([email protected]), Center for Advanced

Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa,

Mary Mullins ([email protected]), Department of Cell and Ontario, Canada

Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, USA Mary Mullins ([email protected]), Department of

John Postlethwait ([email protected]), Institute of Neuroscience, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, USA

University of Oregon, USA John Postlethwait ([email protected]), Institute of

Monte Westerfield ([email protected]), Institute of Neuroscience, Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA University of Oregon, USA Monte Westerfield ([email protected]), Institute

Jeffrey Yoder ([email protected]), Department of Molecular Biomedical of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA

Sciences Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Jeffrey Yoder ([email protected]), Department of

Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, USA Molecular Biomedical Sciences Center for Comparative Medicine

Past Contributors: and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North

Erik Segerdell, XenBase, University of Calgary, Canada Carolina State University, USA

Melissa Haendel ([email protected]), Oregon Health and Sciences University, 曾经的参与人:

USA Erik Segerdell, XenBase, University of Calgary, Canada

Ceri Van Slyke ([email protected]), Zebrafish Information Melissa Haendel ([email protected]), Oregon Health and

Network, University of Oregon, USA Sciences University, USA

Yvonne Bradford ([email protected]), Zebrafish Information Network, University Ceri Van Slyke ([email protected]), Zebrafish of Oregon, USA Information Network, University of Oregon, USA

Steve Johnson ([email protected]), Department of Genetics, Yvonne Bradford ([email protected]), Zebrafish Information

Washington University Medical School, USA Network, University of Oregon, USA

Steve Johnson ([email protected]), Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, USA

8. REFERENCES 8. 引文 1.The Zebrafish Science Monitor (1992) Sept. 21. 1.The Zebrafish Science Monitor (1992) Sept. 21. 2.Mullins, M. (1995) Genetic methods: conventions for naming zebrafish genes 2.Mullins, M. (1995) Genetic methods: conventions for naming in The Zebrafish Book (3rd edition, Westerfield, M., ed.), pp 7.1-7.4, University zebrafish genes in The Zebrafish Book (3rd edition, of Oregon Press. Westerfield, M., ed.), pp 7.1-7.4, University of Oregon Press. 3.Genetic Nomenclature Guide, Trends in Genetics (1998). 3.Genetic Nomenclature Guide, Trends in Genetics (1998).

For questions and advice about appropriate nomenclature, contact us 关于命名的咨询以及问题，请联系 [email protected] 。 at [email protected] .