DOCSLIB.ORG

Development of a Nuclear Microprobe and Its Application to Neurobiology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development of a Nuclear Microprobe and Its Application to Neurobiology DEVELOPMENT OF A NUCLEAR MICROPROBE AND ITS APPLICATION TO NEUROBIOLOGY av Staffan Tapper Civilingenjör, Helsingkrona Nation Akademisk avhandling för avläggande av teknisk doktorsexamen vid tekniska fakulteten vid I' Lunds Tekniska och Naturvetenskapliga Högskola, kommer att offentligen försvaras i fysiska institutionens föreläsningssal B, fredagen 19 maj 1989, kl 14.00. Development of a Nuclear Microprobe and its Application to Neurobiology Staffan Tapper Department of Nuclear Physics, Lund, 1989 Contents Abstract Development of a Nuclear Microprobe and its application to neurobiology 5 Summary of the papers 12 I Achromatic ion-beam focusing using a low aberration 17 quadrupole with symmetric focusing properties II A computer-controlled magnetic post-lens scanning system for the Lund proton microprobe 33 III Enhanced beam quality for proton microprobes using ultrathin stripper foils in tandem accelerators 43 IV Characterization of the response function from a Si(Li)-detector using an absorber technique 49 V Calibration of a proton microprobe set-up 65 VI Accumulation of calcium in substantia nigra lesions induced by status epilepticus - A microprobe analysis 69 VII Elemental regional distribution in human brain tumours; PDCE analysis of biopsy and autopsy samples 83 V VIII Trace elements in astrocytomas and surrounding brain; Correlation to malignancy and survival 89 Acknowledgements 107 ,. Organization Document name LUND UNIVERSITY DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Department of Nuclear Physics Date of issue Sölvegatan 14 April 2S, 19RQ S-223 62 LUND, Sweden CODEN: LUTFD2/(TFKF-101?)/1-106/(19891 Authors) Sponsoring organization Staffan Tapper Titte and subtitle Development of a Nuclear Microprobe and its Application to Neurobiology Abstract A Nuclear Microprobe has been developed at the Pelletron accelerator in Lund. The design of the achromatic beam focusing system as well as of the beam scanning system is described. The focusing system consists of three magnetic- and three electrostatic quadrupole lenses together forming an achromatic quadnipole triplet with symmetric focusing properties. The beam quality from the accelerator has been improved by use of ultrathin stripper foils. The Nuclear Microprobe set-up has been applied to investigations of brain tissue specimens. The elemental disorder following epileptic seizures has been studied by micro-PIXE analysis. A combination of macro- and micro-PIXE analysis have been utilized in an investigation of elemental differences between normal human brain and human brain tumours. In the context of the quantification procedure in micro-PIXE analysis, calibration and X-ray detector i response function are discussed. i- 31 eyw Nuclear Microprobe, beam focusing, achromatic focusing, beam scanning, beam quality, micro-PIXE analysis, macro-PIXE analysis, quantitative analysis, hram tissue, brain tumour Classification system and/or index terms (if any) Supplementary bibliographical information Language F.n p 1 i Q\\ ISSN and key title ISBN Recipient's notes Number of pages Price v^^ 106 Security classification Distribution by (name and address) Department of Nuclear Physics Sölvegatan 14 I, the undersigned, being the copyrighröwnw oi me^iwrac^ÖTTn? above-mentioned dissertation, hereby grant to all reference sources permission to publish and d'swmiiute the abstract of the above-mentioned dissertation. Signature *•' '-— \ Date April 25, 1989 Development of a Nuclear Microprobe and its Application to Neurobiology 1. Introduction During the last decades, several micro analytical techniques. The micro- analytical methods have been developed beam set-up is often referred to as a based upon the high energy ion-beams Nuclear Microprobe (NM). from electrostatic accelerators. When a The principles of the NM are similar heavy-ion beam of a few MeV/u irradiates to that o^ the electron microscope (EM) a target, atomic and nuclear reactions are which has made important contributions to induced and the emitted radiation from the modern science mainly by its excellent reactions can be detected by different types capabilities to imaging small structures in of detectors. By measuring the the energies samples. The electron microscope can also of the emitted photons or particles, be used for elemental analysis by detecting information about the constituents in the the characteristic X-rays produced in the target can be obtained. If the ion-beam is target atoms by the electron beam. The compressed to micrometre dimensions, detection limits reached by this analysing these analytical methods can be used on method are of the order of mg/g. The rea- the micro-scale at the target. son for the high detection limit is that the The problem of obtaining the small- incident electrons produce an intense con- est possible ion-beam focus was initiated tinuous bremsstrahlung which obscure by Cookson in 1972 (1) and has since then weak-intensity peaks of characteristic X- attracted increasing interest among scien- rays. The bremsstrahlung decreases with tist working in ion- beam analysis. Micro- increasing mass of the impinging particle, analysis can add information into various which make heavy ions a straightforward fields of science e.g. investigation of way to lower the attainable limits of detec- elemental composition of biological cells tion. with the possibility to reveal trace element Compared to the EM, the proton distributions within single cells. The in- microscope, i.e. NM, does not produce creasing demand for characterization of such high quality images of the sample produced materials in material science is surface, equivalent to these of the EM but another application of microanalysis which the detection limits for X-ray analysis are will become more important. significantly better, typically by two orders The fast progress in this scientific of magnitude. In addition, heavy ions can area has partly been facilitated by the cause nuclear reactions among the target decreasing interest for small accelerators atoms and these nuclear reactions can give from scientists in the field of pure nuclear additional information as to the compo- physics. After years of declining import- nents of the sample. In its ability to detect ance these laboratories now experience a and quantify elements with high sensitivity febrile activity from scientists working on the micro-scale, NM has virtually no with application of science, e.g. competitor. PART I: The Nuclear Microprobe by a second larger collimator which limits Instrument the beam divergence from the object. This beam angle aperture limits aberrations in focusing due to vanishing with angle. The lens system then transfers the object to the 2. The Nuclear Microprobe set-up target plane, demagnified by a factor of 5- 100 depending on the particular lens syst- A schematic drawing of the NM set-up in em used. After the lenses are situated the Lund is shown in Fig 1. beam scanning system, which enables movement of the beam focus relative to the target. Different detectors are situated in the target chamber to detect the radiation produced by the ion beam. Focusing and deflection of the beam in the NM is a considerable problem due to the rigidity of high-energy heavy-ions. For ACCELERATOR focusing, quadrupole lenses have mainly been used. They yield field gradients high enough to bend the beam but their team optical properties are rather compliciited. However, the behaviour of charged pj nic- ies moving in electromagnetic fields is collimators well-known from Maxwell's laws, making it possible to investigate focusing proper- ties by using computer programs to simul- ate the behaviour of the ion-beam. Magne- tic fields are more powerful in bending high energy beams, but electrostatic fields may sometimes be advantageous, e.g. for focusing the reasons discussed in publications no. 1 lenses and 2 in this thesis. With current high-resolution nuclear target microprobes, the spatial resolution attain- chamber able is limited by aberrations in the focus- ing of the object collimator. These are usually divided into two categories intrin- Fig 1. Schematic drawing of the Lund NM sic aberrations and parasitic aberrations. Intrinsic aberrations consist of spherical and chromatic aberrations, whereas parasi- tic aberrations are focusing distortions The NM set-up is placed at an acce- caused by lens misalignment, distorting lerator beam-line after the analysing stray fields, non-perfect lenses etc. While magnet. The beam is collimated by a slit intrinsic aberrations define the ultimate system, the object collimator, with an limits of resolution in NM, in most systems aperture of about 0.02-0.10 mm in both it is the chromatic aberrations which are directions. The function of the accelerator responsible for the dominant contribution. is to accelerate the ions and transfer an It is possible to construct achromatic image of the ion-source to the object colli- lenses and lens systems with non-spherical mator with minimum beam quality degra- focusing properties by using complex dation. The object collimator is followed combinations of magnetic and electrostatic lenses in the former case and by the use of (Nuclear Reaction Analysis). Used to- quadrupole and octupole lenses in the gether, these analytical techniques facili- latter. However, with increasing system tate analysis of essentially the entire complexity, parasitic aberrations producing periodical table simultaneously, making beam distortions larger than the corrected NM a very powerful tool for micro- aberration can be introduced. Corrections
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Laser Raman Microprobing Techniques P
    LASER RAMAN MICROPROBING TECHNIQUES P. Dhamelincourt, J. Barbillat, M. Delhaye To cite this version: P. Dhamelincourt, J. Barbillat, M. Delhaye. LASER RAMAN MICROPROBING TECHNIQUES. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1984, 45 (C2), pp.C2-249-C2-253. 10.1051/jphyscol:1984255. jpa- 00223968 HAL Id: jpa-00223968 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00223968 Submitted on 1 Jan 1984 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE Colloque C2, suppldment au n02, Tome 45, fdvrier 1984 page C2-249 LASER RAMAN MICROPROBING TECHNIQUES P. Dhamelincourt, J. Barbillat and M. Delhaye Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, C. N. R. S., lhziversitB des Sciences et Techniques de LiZZe, B&. C. 5, 59655 ViZZeneuve d 'Ascq Cedex, France @sun6 - L1int6r&t de la microspectrcm6trie Raman pour l'analyse mol6culaire non destructive ainsi que 1'6volution des techniques sont pr6sentBs. Quelques exem- ples d'application illustrent l'exps6. Abstract - The analytical potential of micr0Fm-w spectroscopy for non des- tructive mlecular analysis is presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Electron Microprobe Analysis Course 12.141 Notes MIT Electron
    Electron Microprobe Analysis Course 12.141 Notes Dr. Nilanjan Chatterjee The electron microprobe provides a complete micron-scale quantitative chemical analysis of inorganic solids. The method is nondestructive and utilizes characteristic x-rays excited by an electron beam incident on a flat surface of the sample. This course provides an introduction to the theory of x-ray microanalysis by wavelength and energy dispersive spectrometry (WDS and EDS), ZAF matrix correction procedures, and scanning electron imaging techniques using backscattered electron (BE), secondary electron (SE), x-ray (elemental mapping), and cathodoluminescence (CL) signals. Lab sessions involve hands- on use of the JEOL JXA-8200 Superprobe. MIT Electron Microprobe Facility Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences Room: 54-1221, Cambridge, MA 02139 Phone: (617) 253-1995; Fax: (617) 253-7102 e-mail: [email protected] web: http://web.mit.edu/e-probe/www/ Nilanjan ChatterjeeMIT, Cambridge, MA, USA October 2017 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page number 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. ELECTRON SPECIMEN INTERACTIONS 5 2.1. ELASTIC SCATTERING 5 2.1.1. Electron backscattering 5 2.1.2. Electron interaction volume 6 2.2. INELASTIC SCATTERING 7 2.2.1. Secondary electron generation 7 2.2.2. Characteristic x-ray generation: inner-shell ionization 7 2.2.3. X-ray production volume 10 2.2.4. Bremsstrahlung or continuum x-ray generation 11 2.2.5. Cathodoluminescence 12 3. QUANTITATIVE X-RAY SPECTROMETRY 13 3.1. MATRIX CORRECTIONS 14 3.1.1. Atomic number correction (Z) 14 3.1.2. Absorption correction (A) 16 3.1.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Microprobe Operating Procedure
    TWS-ESS-DP-07, R3 MICROPROBE OPERATING PROCEDURE Effective Date $1fj3 O/il ga" A*4,- Roland Hagan Date Preparer / /A Dad-, David Vaniman Technical Reviewer =AQ vc) Henry Paul Nunas Date Quality Assurane Project Leader TechnicaMrojeci Officer .B912190174 891211 -N !PDR WASTE WM-11 PDC TWS-ESS-DP-07, R3 Page 1 of 11 MICROPROBE OPERATING PROCEDURE 1.0 PURPOSE The purpose of this procedure is to allow an investigator to bring the Electron Microprobe from a standby condition to an analysis condition, perform one or more analyses, and when finished, return the system to a standby condition. 2.0 SCOPE This procedure describes the start-up, calibration, quantitative analysis and shut-down routines for the Electron Microprobe. Requirements for Los Alamos Yucca Mountain Project (LA YMP) analytical work are listed throughout this procedure. 3.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS Documents referenced in this procedure are: Cameca Technical Manual, Option A-21 Tracor Northern Operators Manual, 1988 SANDIA TASKS: A Subroutined Electron Microprobe Automation system, Sandia Report 2037, 1985 CONFIG8 A Configuration File Generator for SANDIA TASKS, Sandia Report TWS-ESS-DP-06, 2035,1985 Operating Instructions For the Ladd Vacuum Evaporator For Carbon Coating TWS-ESS-DP. 122, Preparation of Electron Microprobe Standard Mounts TWS-ESS-DP-101, Procedure for Identification and Control for Mineralogy-Petrology TWS-QAS-QP-02.1, Los Alamos YMP Personnel Certification Procedure TWS-ESS-DP-125, Certification of Standards for Microanalysis TWS-QAS-QP.3.1, LANL, Yucca Mo ain Project Computer Software Control 4.0 RESPONSIBILrITES 4.1 It is the responsibility of the Operator to ascertain that all Electron Microprobe systems are operational before an Investigator begins a microanalysis session.
    [Show full text]
  • Electron Probe Microanalysis
    Electron probe microanalysis Essential Knowledge Briefings First Edition, 2015 2 ELECTRON PROBE MICROANALYSIS Front cover image: high-resolution X-ray maps of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and silver (Ag) illustrating the interdiffusion zone between the main material (Cu) and the brazing material (Ag-Zn). Data acquired with the SXFiveFE at 10keV, 30nA © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, UK Microscopy EKB Series Editor: Dr Julian Heath Spectroscopy and Separations EKB Series Editor: Nick Taylor ELECTRON PROBE MICROANALYSIS 3 CONTENTS 4 INTRODUCTION 6 HISTORY AND BACKGROUND 13 IN PRACTICE 22 PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS 28 WHAT’S NEXT? About Essential Knowledge Briefings Essential Knowledge Briefings, published by John Wiley & Sons, comprise a series of short guides to the latest techniques, appli - cations and equipment used in analytical science. Revised and updated annually, EKBs are an essential resource for scientists working in both academia and industry looking to update their understanding of key developments within each specialty. Free to download in a range of electronic formats, the EKB range is available at www.essentialknowledgebriefings.com 4 ELECTRON PROBE MICROANALYSIS INTRODUCTION Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is an analytical technique that has stood the test of time. Not only is EPMA able to trace its origins back to the discovery of X-rays at the end of the nineteenth century, but the first commercial instrument appeared over 50 years ago. Nevertheless, EPMA remains a widely used technique for determining the elemental composition of solid specimens, able to produce maps showing the distribution of elements over the surface of a specimen while also accurately measuring their concentrations.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to Forensic Science: Analysis of Paint Samples
    The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Application of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to Forensic Science: Analysis of Paint Samples Author: Michael E. Sigman, Ph.D., Erin M. McIntee, M.S., Candice Bridge, Ph.D. Document No.: 237839 Date Received: February 2012 Award Number: 2006-DN-BX-K251 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT Application of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to Forensic Science: Analysis of Paint Samples Michael E. Sigman, Ph.D. (Principal Investigator) Erin M. McIntee, M.S. Candice Bridge, Ph.D. 1National Center for Forensic Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, PO Box 162367, Orlando, FL 32816-2367 Award number 2006-DN-BX-K251 Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Department of Justice Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Electron Microprobe Laboratory at Arizona State University
    47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2016) 3018.pdf THE ELECTRON MICROPROBE LABORATORY AT ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY. A. Wittmann1, D. Convey1, T. Sharp1, M. Wadhwa2, P. Buseck3, and K. Hodges4 1LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Box 871704, Tempe, AZ 85287-1704, [email protected]; 2Center for Meteorite Studies-School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287; 3School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Box 871604, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604; 4School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Box 876004, Tempe, AZ 85287-6004. Introduction: In 2011, Arizona State University For instrument control, we can utilize the custom- replaced their 25 year old electron microprobe with a ized JEOL system software and the PC-based Probe state-of-the-art JEOL JXA-8530F field emission in- for Windows software. strument. Our facility was partially funded by NASA Summary Analytical Capabilities: The electron and serves as an investigator facility instrument for microprobe laboratory at Arizona State University NASA’s Planetary Science Research Program. allows to determine the chemical composition of solid Technical Capacities: The JEOL JXA-8530F materials up to 10 cm in size that are stable under high HyperProbe is an electron microscope that has a nomi- vacuum. The non-destructive analytical technique does nal imaging resolution of 3 nm with a X-ray spectrom- not require special sample preparation and produces eter for non-destructive X-ray
    [Show full text]
  • Duncumb: Microprobe Design in the 1950S: Some Examples in Europe
    Microsc. Microanal. 7, 100–107, 2001 DOI: 10.1007/s100050010068 Microscopy AND Microanalysis © MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2001 Microprobe Design in the 1950s: Some Examples in Europe Peter Duncumb* Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK Abstract: The early days of the electron microprobe were characterized by the variety of designs emerging from different laboratories in Europe, the United States, and the USSR. Examples from Europe illustrate well the diverging trends in the evolutionary process at that time. Later, commercial pressures and a better understand- ing of user needs forced a rationalization on both sides of the Atlantic, to the point where only few variants have survived. These were memorable days, with scope for healthy rivalry and vigorous debate. Key words: electron microprobe, magnetic lens design, X-ray spectrometers, microprobe analysis, X-ray mi- croanalysis, instrument design INTRODUCTION Nearly all were represented at a memorable meeting in 1958 in Washington, DC, organized by LaVerne Birks of In this commemoration of 50 years of microprobe analysis, the Naval Research Laboratory, who was himself one of I shall look back to the first decade, before the technique the early pioneers in the US. became commercialized in the 1960s. Papers in this issue by 2. To show how the design of these instruments was influ- Jean Philibert, Kurt Heinrich, and others introduce the enced by the particular applications for which they were broad dimension, so I can concentrate on a relatively nar- intended, and by the interests and background of the row aspect of the history: the evolution of instrument de- designer.
    [Show full text]
  • Raman Microprobe in the Study of Iron Technique; and Steel* a New
    UDC 543.423.8 :535.374 Laser Raman Microprobe Technique; A New Analytical Tool in the Study of Iron and Steel* By Kimitaka SATO** Synopsis It may be said that such background has naturally In recentyears, the laser Raman microprobetechnique has attracted the led to the development of a new microbeam analysis attention of many researchers as a new analytical techniquefor local ap- method, called the laser Raman microprobe,s-11) to plication. This paper introducesthe principle, function andfeatures of the obtain the information about the chemical bonds or technique and discusses its applicability to the study of iron and steel, conformation of molecules in local areas. Attempts citing several examples of application. This technique is based on phe- were made to apply the laser Raman microprobe to nomenon,called the Roman scattering, which is caused when a sample is the analysis of defects in materials, inclusions in min- irradiated with a laser light focussed to the utmost. The advantage of erals, catalysts, samples for environmental control this techniqueover conventionalones is that it is capable of obtaining the information about chemical species and atomic groups of moleculesin local and biological samples. In 1978, the 6th Interna- areas (~ rcm) through point, line or image (Raman image of specific tional Conference on Raman Spectroscopy was held wavenumber) analysis. Although this technique has notyet been applied in Bangalore, India, a place noted in connection with widely in the study of iron and steel, the scope of its application will be Raman, in commemoration of the 50th anniversary greatly widenedas a powerful tool in the elucidation of local defects, such of the discovery of the Raman effect.12) At this con- as blisters,precibitates, inclusion'sand corrosionproducts.
    [Show full text]
  • Ion Beam Analysis : a Century of Exploiting the Electronic and Nuclear Structure of the Atom for Materials Characterisation
    Subsequently published by: Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology Vol. 4 (2011) 41-82 (World Scientific Publishing Company) C. Jeynes, University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre, 22 nd September 2011 ION BEAM ANALYSIS : A CENTURY OF EXPLOITING THE ELECTRONIC AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM FOR MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION CHRIS JEYNES University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre Guildford GU2 7XH, England [email protected] ROGER P. WEBB University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre [email protected] ANNIKA LOHSTROH Department of Physics, University of Surrey [email protected] Analysis using MeV ion beams is a thin film characterisation technique invented some 50 years ago which has recently had the benefit of a number of important advances. The review will cover damage profiling in crystals including studies of defects in semiconductors, surface studies, and depth profiling with sput- tering. But it will concentrate on thin film depth profiling using Rutherford backscattering, particle in- duced X-ray emission and related techniques in the deliberately synergistic way that has only recently be- come possible. In this review of these new developments, we will show how this integrated approach, which we might call " Total IBA ", has given the technique great analytical power. Keywords : RBS, EBS, PIXE, ERD, NRA, MEIS, LEIS, SIMS, IBIC. 1. Introduction gies, including the semiconductor, sensor, mag- netics, and coatings industries (including both Ion beam analysis is a very diverse group of char- tribology and optics), among others. It is also acterisation techniques which have been applied to valuable in many other disparate applications such every class of material where the interest is in the as cultural heritage, environmental monitoring and surface or near-surface region up to a fraction of a forensics.
    [Show full text]
  • Ion Microprobe Techniques and Analyses of Olivine and Low-Ca
    American Mineralogist, Volume 66, pages 526-546, l98l Ion microprobetechniques and analysesof olivine and low-ca pyroxene I. M. SreBrE, R. L. HnRvIc, I. D. HurcHEoN AND J. V. Snanu Department of Geophysical Sciences, (Iniversity of Chicago Chicago, Illinois 60637 Abstract Experimentalconditions for major, minor, and trace elementanalysis of olivine and low- Ca pyroxene are describedand analytical accuracy tested using suites of natural samples spanninga wide range of Mg/Fe. Special attention was given to sample cleanlinessto avoid contamination, instrumental vacuum to eliminate hydrides in the secondaryion spectrum,and samplepreparation to give good precisionin measuredintensities. Especially bothersome were molecular interferences in the secondaryion spectrumwhich were separatedfrom analytical peaksusing massresolu- tion (M/AM) over 3000.Careful analysisof the secondaryion spectrumallowed choiceof ei- ther high or low massresolution depending on the presenceof interferences.Lithium (0.005), F (l?), Na (0.01),Mg, Al (0.1),Si, P (5), K (0.05),Mn (0.1),Fe, and Co (l) were analyzedat low resolutionwith detectionlimits (ppm) in parentheses.Elements requiring high resolution includeCa (l), Sc (l), Ti (l), V (l), Cr (l) and Ni (5). The secondary-ionintensities for Mg and Si do not correlate linearly with composition whereasFe is nearly linear. The simple relation of the Mgl(Mg + Fe) ratio to the measured secondaryion ratio Mg*/(Mg* + Fe*) enabled major element determination to within +l mol% of forsterite or enstatitecontent. The yield of Mg and Fe secondaryions is a complex function of composition,and Mg*/Si* and Fe*/Si* are not simply related to atomic ratios in the target. To test accuracyof minor elementdetermination as a function of major elementvariation, secondary-ioniatensities were compared with compositionsbased on electron probe mea- surements.Some elements (Al, Cr, Ti, Mn) give a linear relationshipwith no obvious matrix eflect,but Ni, and possiblyCa and Co, definitely dependon the matrix.
    [Show full text]
  • Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Cultural Heritage Cite This: Anal
    Analytical Methods View Article Online AMC TECHNICAL BRIEFS View Journal | View Issue Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in cultural heritage Cite this: Anal. Methods,2019,11,5833 Analytical Methods Committee AMCTB No. 91 Received 18th September 2019 DOI: 10.1039/c9ay90147g www.rsc.org/methods Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy This is primarily because of the lack, to obtain clean spectra, it is essential to (LIBS) is a versatile technique that provides date, of commercial instruments dedi- start measuring the plume emission aer nearly instant elemental analysis of materials, cated to heritage applications, but also in a short delay (typically 0.5–1 ms) with both in the laboratory and in the field. This is some instances, of its micro-destructive respect to the laser pulse. done by focusing a short laser pulse on the character. surface of the sample, or object, studied and analysing the resulting spectrum from the Instrumentation laser-induced plasma. LIBS has been How does LIBS work? employed in the analysis of archaeological In recent years, a variety of LIBS instru- and historical objects, monuments and works The fundamental principle underlying ments, both bench-top and portable, – of art for assessing the qualitative, semi- LIBS stems from the brief interaction have been introduced by manufacturers – quantitative and quantitative elemental just a few nanoseconds between for speci c applications such as content of materials such as pigments, a focused laser pulse and a target object. screening of on-site materials or indus- pottery, glass, stone, metals, minerals and This concentration of light both in space trial process monitoring.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Analysis of Thermoluminescent Colorless Topaz Crystal Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
    minerals Article Chemical Analysis of Thermoluminescent Colorless Topaz Crystal Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Shahab Ahmed Abbasi 1,* , Muhammad Rafique 1 , Taj Muhammad Khan 2,3 , Adnan Khan 1, Nasar Ahmad 1 , Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque 4 , Mayeen Uddin Khandaker 5 , Pervaiz Ahmad 1 and Abdul Saboor 1 1 Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarbad 13100, Pakistan; mrafi[email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (N.A.); [email protected] (P.A.); [email protected] (A.S.) 2 National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan; [email protected] 3 School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 4 Space Science Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] 5 Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +92-3025420455 Abstract: We present results of calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of natural colorless topaz crystal of local Pakistani origin. Topaz plasma was produced in the ambient air using a nanosecond laser pulse of width 5 ns and wavelength 532 nm. For the purpose of detection of maximum possible constituent elements within the Topaz sample, the laser fluences were varied, ranging 19.6–37.6 J·cm−2 and optical emission from Citation: Abbasi, S.A.; Rafique, M.; the plasma was recorded within the spectral range of 250–870 nm.
    [Show full text]